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To address the problems of byproduct treatment and pollution in thionocarbamate preparation, four novel processes for preparing O-isopropyl-N-ethyl thionocarbamate (IPETC) were designed, which can coproduce 4-(tert-butyl)benzyl mercaptan (BBSH), sodium benzyl trithiocarbonate (BTTC), sodium O-benzylthioethyl xanthate (SBEX), and benzyl disulfide, respectively. All the products were confirmed via FTIR and mass spectrometry. The composite collector (IPETC and BBSH mass contents were 51% and 41%, respectively) was synthesized via one-pot reaction of sodium isopropyl xanthate, 4-tert-butylbenzylchloride, and ethylamine using tert-butyl alcohol as solvent. The yield of IPETC and BBSH was 95% in the process of coproducing IPETC and BBSH. Specifically, BTTC and IPETC were synthesized via a reaction of sodium isopropyl xanthate, benzyl chloride, ethylamine, carbon disulfide, and sodium hydroxide. The IPETC and BTTC yields were 94% and 95% with a purity of 91% and 82% in the process of coproducing IPETC and BTTC, respectively. Meanwhile, SBEX and IPETC were synthesized via reaction of sodium isopropyl xanthate, 2-chloroethanol, ethylamine, benzyl chloride, carbon disulfide, and sodium hydroxide. The IPETC and SBEX yields were 89% and 93% with a purity of 95% and 91% in the process of coproducing IPETC and SBEX, respectively. Benzyl disulfide and IPETC were synthesized via a reaction of sodium isopropyl xanthate, benzyl chloride, ethylamine, and hydrogen peroxide. The IPETC and benzyl disulfide yields were 93% and 95% with a purity of 92% and 94% in the processof coproducing IPETC and benzyl disulfide, respectively. The flotation response of copper-molybdenum ore independent with IPETC and BBSH collectors and with their mixture was assessed. The flotation results indicate that the composite collector displays a superior collecting capability for copper sulfide ore. Further, the combination of IPETC and BBSH could give rise to a synergistic effect, significantly enhancing the overall flotation performance. The flotation performance of SBEX and BTTC on chalcopyrite and pyrite was also investigated. The flotation results indicate that SBEX and BTTC exhibited better collecting performance than sodium isobutyl xanthate (SIBX), which can replace SIBX for the flotation separation of copper sulfide. FTIR spectra and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses were conducted. The results indicate that when all three sulfur atoms in BTTC bond to the mineral surface, the hydrophobicity increases when compared to xanthates, wherein oxygen does not bond to the surface. Further, the thioether structure can increase the hydrophobicity of SBEX on the chalcopyrite surface, and SBEX features a higher collecting recovery toward chalcopyrite than SIBX. The results indicate that BTTC and SBEX might bond with copper atoms on the chalcopyrite surface through their sulfur atoms to form BTTC-Cu and SBEX-Cu surface complexes.

More than 100 years has passed since Oppenheim firstly named the term "dystonia" in 1911, the definition of which that adopted by doctors is outdated and the classification is not specific. Albanese, et al proposed the new definition and classification of dystonia in 2013, which help a lot to guide diagnosis and treatment of dystonia. Recently, there have been new development and recognition on the diagnosis and treatment of dystonia. This review summarizes the definition, classification, diagnosis and treatment of dystonia. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2017.01.005

According to characteristics of historical data and monitoring parameters in coal mine safety monitoring system, a rapid discovery method of information features of coal mine monitoring was proposed. The method uses compression algorithm of historical data based on error band to analyze sample data, discovers and stores information fragment that contains important features, analyzes meaning of the information fragment, conducts subject extraction and correlation analysis, researches correlation analysis of gas sequence, so as to get information features of important data in the coal mine safety monitoring system. The method has certain reference for completing scientific management of coal mine, excavating information of multiple sensors and law of gas discharge of coal mine.

In view of problems of inaccurate counting and low efficiency of traditional hook number statistics method of mine hoist, a hook number statistics system of mine hoist based on DM642 was designed. General structure of the system was given, implementation of hoist hook number statistics algorithm which integrated Sobel operator edge detection algorithm and frame difference algorithm were introduced in details. The experiment result validated real-time performance and accuracy of the system.

The paper gave hardware structure of video sensing system of belt conveyor and application methods of Modbus/TCP protocol in the system, namely realization of protocol stack of network program development kit and Modbus/TCP protocol. The testing results showed that the system can transfer and display information of start-stop, coal piling, firing, slipping, tearing, coal quantity and speed of belt conveyor real-timely and accurately.

Two local rice varieties (Baijiaolaojing and Yuelianggu) were cultivated in situ in Yuanyang terraces, China, in 2012 and 2013 to investigate the effect of enhanced UV-B radiation condition (0, 2.5, 5.0 and 7.5 kJ • m-2) on internode characteristics including length, culm diameter, culm wall thickness from the first to the fourth internode, as well as the lodging index. The results showed that UV-B radiation had no significant influence on internode length and culm, but significantly reduced the culm wall thickness, with that of the fourth internode region decreased by 11.6% to 19.6% under 7.5 kJ • m-2 UV-B radiation. The enhanced UV-B radiation increased the lodging index of rice varieties, making them more prone to lodging. The fourth internode had the highest lodging index which was higher than the lodging critical value (200). The decrease in culm wall thickness due to the enhanced UV-B radiation could be responsible for the increasing lodging risk of rice varieties grown in Yuanyang terraces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Effects of the rigid rotation on the eigen-frequency, modal and dynamical response of a two degrees-of-freedom mass-spring vibration system are clarified in the paper and the results provide important guidance for dynamic coupled analysis on centrifugal vibration of general elastic structures. There are two dynamic frequencies for the centrifugal vibration system in which the first order one decreases whereas the second order one increases linearly with the rigid rotation. Dynamical response of the mass is expressed by the mass trajectory evolution which is associated with initial conditions of the vibration, rigid rotation speed, initial eccentric position and vibration stiffness. The mass trajectory is composed of the non-eccentric vibration and the eccentric one, in which the former is dependent on initial conditions of the vibration, rigid rotation speed and vibration stiffness and the latter is determined by the initial centrifugal position, rigid rotation speed and vibration stiffness but has nothing to do with initial conditions of the vibration. Based on the analysis of dynamic frequencies and responses of the system, the maximum and critical rigid rotation speeds are proposed for the centrifugal vibration system with two degrees of freedom. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PM 2.5 and ozone co-pollution, which are harmful to not only human health but also the social economy, has become the pivotal issue in air pollution prevention and synergistic control, especially in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and its surrounding areas and "2+26" cities. It is necessary to analyze the correlation between PM 2.5 and ozone concentration and explore the mechanism of PM 2.5 and ozone co-pollution. In order to study the characteristics of PM 2.5 and ozone co-pollution in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei with its surrounding area, ArcGIS and SPSS software were used to analyze the correlation between air quality data and meteorological data of the "2+26" cities in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and its surrounding areas from 2015 to 2021. The results indicated:① PM 2.5 pollution constantly decreased from 2015 to 2021, and the pollution was concentrated in the central and southern parts of the region; ozone pollution showed a trend of fluctuation and presented a pattern of "low in the southwest and high in the northeast" spatially. In terms of seasonal variation, PM 2.5 concentration was mainly in the order of winter>spring ≈ autumn>summer, and O 3 -8h concentration was in the order of summer>spring>autumn>winter. ② In the research area, days with PM 2.5 exceeding the standard continued to decline, whereas days with ozone exceeding the standard fluctuated, and days with co-pollution decreased significantly; there was a strong positive correlation between PM 2.5 and ozone concentration in summer, with the highest correlation coefficient of 0.52, and a strong negative correlation in winter. ③ Comparing the meteorological conditions of typical cities during the ozone pollution period with that of the co-pollution period, the co-pollution occurred under the temperature range of 23.7-26.5℃, humidity of 48%-65%, and S-SE wind direction.

To investigate the variations and sources of n -alkanes and sugars in Taian City during summer, PM 2.5 samples were collected from July 22 to August 19, 2016. The identified n -alkane and sugar sources were investigated using a principal component analysis (PCA) multiple linear regression (MLR) model and a backward trajectory model. The results showed that the mass concentrations of PM 2.5 during summer were (37.2±11.5) μg·m -3 . The mass concentrations of n -alkanes were (83.3±34.7) ng·m -3 , the carbon preference index (CPI) was 1.83, and the relative contribution of wax n -alkanes was 34.7%-69.4%, suggesting that contributions from terrestrial plants were more significant in Taian City. The results showed that the mass concentrations of sugars in Taian City during summer were (73.4±46.6) ng·m -3 . Levoglucan, galactosan, and mannosan were the main saccharides, accounting for 64.0%, 7.1%, and 6.3% of the total concentrations of sugars, respectively, indicating that biomass burning is much more significant in Taian City. The results of the PCA-MLR model suggested that n -alkanes and sugars in Taian City during summer were mostly from terrestrial plants, coal burning and biomass burning. The backward trajectory model showed that the pollution mostly came from the native sources of Shandong province and the inland cities in the south.

To investigate the diurnal variations and sources of water-soluble compounds in Liaocheng City, PM 2.5 samples were collected between January and February 2017. The PM 2.5 samples were analyzed for the compositions, concentrations, and sources of water-soluble inorganic ions, oxalic acid, and levoglucosan. The sources of these chemical compound were investigated using principal component analysis (PCA) and multiple linear regression (MLR) modeling. The results showed that the mass concentrations of PM 2.5 during the nighttime were higher than those during the daytime, and the average concentrations exceeded the National Ambient Air Quality Standard (GB 3095-2012) by more than 1.8 times. Moreover, atmospheric pollution was worse during the day than during the night. SNA (SO 4 2- , NO 3 - , and NH 4 + ) were the dominant species among the inorganic ions, the relative abundance of which with respect to the total concentrations of inorganic ions was 73.4% and 77.1% during the daytime and nighttime, respectively. The ratios of anion to cation equivalents (AE/CE) were less than one, suggesting that the PM 2.5 was slightly alkaline, and the degree of acidity at night was stronger than during the day. The results of the correlation analyses suggested that aqueous-phase oxidation was the major formation pathway of oxalic acid, which is driven by acid-catalyzed oxidation. The oxalic acid was mainly influenced by biomass burning during the winter in Liaocheng City. The results of the PCA-MLR model suggested that water-soluble compounds in Liaocheng City were mostly from vehicular emissions and secondary oxidation, biomass burning, while the impacts of mineral dust and coal burning were relatively minor.

To investigate the mass concentrations, sources, and health effects of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in ambient particulate matter (PM) in Liaocheng City during winter, 14 types of PAHs in PM 2.5 were determined from January to February of 2017. The sources of the PAHs were analyzed by using diagnostics ratios and the principal component analysis (PCA)-multiple linear regression (MLR) model,and the health risk of PAHs was assessed by BaP equivalent concentrations (BaP eq ) and incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR). The results showed that the mass concentrations of PAHs in PM 2.5 during winter were (64.89±48.23) ng·m -3 , Fla, Pyr, and Chry were predominant species, accounting for 15.5%, 12.8%, and 12.7% of the total concentrations of PAHs, respectively. Moreover, the ring distribution of the PAHs was dominated by four-ring PAHs. The pollution during the pre-Spring Festival and firework Ⅱwere the most severe during the sampling period. The results of the PCA-MLR model suggested that PAHs originated mostly from coal burning, biomass burning, and vehicle emissions. The toxicity exposure index (TEQ) in Liaocheng City during winter was (6.37±4.92) ng·m -3 . The results of the risk model revealed that the ILCR of adults was higher than that of children, and both groups of ILCR for winter were in the range of the risk threshold. This suggests that a potential risk in terms of inhalation PAH exposure for residents in Liaocheng City.

To investigate molecular composition, mass concentrations, and sources of n -alkanes and sugars which are adsorbed in ambient particulate matters in Liaocheng City during winter, PM 2.5 samples were collected from January 17 to February 15, 2017 at Liaocheng University. 19 kinds (C 18 -C 36 ) of n -alkanes and 10 kinds of sugars were determined using GC-MS. The identification of n -alkane and sugar sources were investigated using principal component analysis (PCA). The results showed that the mass concentrations of total n -alkanes in PM 2.5 during the winter were (456.9±252.5) ng·m -3 . During the haze period, the concentrations of n -alkanes were two times higher than those on clear days. Additionally, the concentrations of n -alkanes during fireworks event I and fireworks event Ⅱ were 0.9 times and 1.2 times higher than those on clear days. During the sampling period, the Carbon preference index (CPI) was 1.2±0.1, and the contribution from plant wax concentrations for n -alkanes (% Wax C n ) was between 3.1%~36.0%, indicating that fossil fuels were the major source of n -alkanes in Liaocheng City during the winter. The mass concentrations of saccharides in PM 2.5 during the winter were (415.5±213.8) ng·m -3 . Levoglucosan was the most abundant species, followed by galactosan and mannosan, which accounted for more than 91.6% of total saccharides, indicating that biomass burning was much more significant in Liaocheng City. PCA further suggested that n -alkane and saccharide compounds in atmospheric aerosol during the winter in Liaocheng City were primarily derived from fossil fuel and biomass burning.

To identify the diurnal variation and formation mechanism of dicarboxylic acids and related compounds in PM 2.5 from Heze City, PM 2.5 samples were collected in the winter (December) of 2017, which were subsequently analyzed for dicarboxylic acids, ketocarboxylic acids, α -dicarbonyls, and levoglucosan (Levo). The results showed that the total concentrations of dicarboxylic and ketocarboxylic acids were higher during daytime than those during nighttime. In contrast to the diurnal variation of dicarboxylic and ketocarboxylic acids, the total concentrations of α-dicarbonyls exhibited higher concentrations in nighttime than in daytime. Because α-dicarbonyls are the major precursors of dicarboxylic acids, the opposing patterns suggest that the photochemical oxidation in daytime is stronger than that in nighttime. Oxalic acid (C 2 ) is the dominant species during both day-and nighttime, followed by phahalic acid (Ph), succinic acid (C 4 ), and malonic acid (C 3 ), which is consistent with that in other urban regions. The mass ratios of C 3 /C 4 ( R 2 >0.7) correlated strongly with temperature, indicating that organic compounds in the atmosphere of Heze City are mainly derived from the photochemical oxidation of local emissions rather than long-range transport in winter. C 2 correlated with in-situ pH and SO 4 2- , suggesting that aqueous-phase oxidation was the major formation pathway of C 2 , which is driven by acid-catalyzed oxidation. Since the major SOA (C 2 , glyoxal, and methyglyoxal, secondary organic aerosol) correlated with Levo and the average mass rations of K + /organic carbon was 0.06 (ranging from 0.03 to 0.13), it can be concluded that the dicarboxylic acids and related SOA and K + in Heze City were significantly influenced by biomass burning in winter.

To investigate seasonal variations in the chemical compositions of aerosols in Ji'nan City, PM 2.5 samples were collected during summer and winter in 2015. The sampling period lasted one month during each season. PM 2.5 samples were analyzed for the composition, concentration, and sources of water-soluble inorganic ions, organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), and water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC). Results showed that mass concentrations of PM 2.5 in winter were about twice those in summer, and concentration levels varied between fine and excellent. The concentrations of total water-soluble inorganic ions were also higher in winter than in summer, with SO 4 2- , NO 3 - , and NH 4 + being the dominant species and well correlated with each other. NH 4 + in PM 2.5 mostly existed in the form of (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 and NH 4 NO 3 in both summer and winter. There was strong secondary oxidation of SO 2 and NO 2 . The sulfate oxidizing rate (SOR) was higher in summer than in winter, while the nitrate oxidizing rate (NOR) showed the opposite trend. The ratio of anions to cations in both summer and winter were less than one, suggesting that PM 2.5 were slightly alkaline. The ISORROPIA-Ⅱ mode showed that acidity in winter was stronger than in summer. Concentations of OC and EC were both higher in winter than in summer. The ratios of OC to EC and WSOC to OC and estimated concentrations of secondary organic carbon (SOC) showed that secondary pollution was more serious in winter than in summer. Principal component analysis(PCA)indicated that the major sources contributing to inorganic ions were secondary oxidation and biomass burning in summer, and coal combustion and secondary pollutants formed by chemical oxidation of precursors emitted from coal combustion in winter.

Forty-two farmland soil samples were collected from the mining area of Huize City, Yunnan Province, to identify the sources of metals in the farmland soils, and 14 selected elements in farmland soils were detected. The UNMIX model was applied to identify the sources of the metals. The inverse distance weighted interpolation method of statistical analysis in ArcGIS was used to develop a spatial distribution map of the six severely polluted metals to validate the source apportionment results of the UNMIX model. The results indicated that:① the metals, Pb, Zn, and Cd, in the studied farmland soils were seriously polluted according to the soil background values of Yunnan Province and the Chinese environmental quality standard; ② there were three potential sources of metals according to UNMIX model:source 1 was the anthropogenic sources caused by industrial activities with a source contribution rate of 16.32%; source 2 was the anthropogenic sources caused by coal combustion and fertilization with a source contribution rate of 68.26%; and source 3 was the combined sources caused by mining related activities and soil parent materials with a source contribution rate of 15.42%; and ③ the spatial distribution of selected metals was in accordance with the local land-use and the results of the UNMIX model. Therefore, the UNMIX model can be effectively applied to the source apportionment of heavy metals in farmland soils around the mining area.

To identify the seasonal variation of dicarboxylic acids and related compounds in PM 10 from Mt. Huangshan. PM 10 samples were collected during the summer and winter of 2015, which were then analyzed for dicarboxylic acids, ketocarboxylic acids, and α -dicarbonyls. The results showed that oxalic acid(HOOC-COOH, C 2 ) was the dominant species in the summer and winter months, followed by malonic acid(HOOC-CH 2 -COOH, C 3 ), and succinic acid[HOOC-(CH 2 ) 2 -COOH, C 4 ], being consistent with that in other high-altitude regions. Most of the diacids were more abundant in the summer months than in the winter months, while adipic acid(C 6 ) and phahalic acid(Ph) were twice lower in the summer months, suggesting significant impact of anthropogenic pollution on the wintertime alpine atmosphere. Moreover, as major precursors of C 2 , glyoxal(Gly) and methylglyoxal(mGly) were also lower in the summer months than in the winter months, which were opposite to those of the diacids, indicating that the mountain troposphere was more oxidative in the summer months than in the winter months. Principal component analysis(PCA) further revealed that the wintertime SOA in the Mt. Huangshan troposphere mostly originated from the anthropogenic pollutants from long-distance transport. Conversely, the summertime SOA mostly originated from the further oxidation of the mountainous biogenic sources. The AIM(Aerosol Inorganic Model) calculation results showed that the aqueous-phase C 2 production was the primary mechanism of C 2 formation in ambient aerosol and was driven by acid-catalyzed oxidation in summer.

Objective: To evaluate the clinical effects of posterior debridement, interbody fusion with internal fixation in the treatment of lumbar discitis., Methods: The clinical data of 13 patients with lumbar discitis treated from January 2005 to June 2012 was retrospectively analyzed. There were 9 males and 4 females, aged from 31 to 68 years old with an average of 56 years old. There were 2 cases on L3, 4, 4 cases on L4, 5, and 7 cases on L5S1. Two cases complicated with diabetes, 4 cases with hypertension, and 1 case with obsolete pulmonary tuberculosis. ESR level of 13 cases was 12-89 mm/h with an average of 42 mm/h; and C reactive protein fluctuations level was level 8-114 ng/L with an average of 47 ng/L. All the patients denied history of operation or injection, and the main symptom was severe pain and limitation of motion in lumbar, with no efficacy for conservative methods. Preoperative VAS was from 5 to 10 points with an average of 7.8 points. All patients were treated with posterior debridement, interbody fusion, and internal fixation., Results: All the patients left hospital after wound healing, and the effective antibiotics were continuously used for 4 weeks intravenously and 2 weeks for orally. All patients were followed up from 7 to 24 months with an average of 18 months. VAS decreased for 0-1 point. No internal fixation breakage, and recurrence were found. Bone graft got fusion, and postoperative pathology showed phlogistic changes., Conclusions: One-stage posterior debridement, interbody fusion with internal fixation was an effective method in treating lumbar discitis, and it lead to quicker relived pain relief and earlier mobilization., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose.

To identify the compositions and sources of dicarboxylic acids and related SOA in Mt. Taishan, PM 2.5 samples were collected from July to August, 2004, and analyzed for dicarboxylic acids and related compounds, the tracers of biogenic secondary organic aerosol (SOA) (Isopene, α-/β -Pinene and β -caryophyllene SOA tracers), water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) and inorganic ions. The results showed that total dicarboxylic acids were (376±189) ng·m -3 , and C 2 was the most abundant dicarboxylic acid, followed by C 3 , C 4 and C 9 . The concentrations of diacids were more abundant than those in marine regions, but lower than those in urban and other mountainous areas, indicating that the atmosphere in Mt. Taishan was less influenced by anthropogenic pollution. C 2 /C 4 , C 3 /C 4 and F/M ratios indicated that diacids were mostly produced by more intensive photochemical oxidation. The relative abundance of C 9 to the total diacids, C 9 /C 6 and C 9 /Ph ratios were higher than those in urban, marine and mountainous regions, further suggesting that SOA in Mt. Taishan atmosphere were mostly derived from biogenic sources rather than anthropogenic sources. Compared to the budgets of model and correlation analysis, it suggested that diacids and related SOA in Mt. Taishan were mostly derived from photochemical oxidation of local biogenic sources.

Objective: To investigate the expression of N-cadherin in bone marrow leukemic cells derived from acute leukemia patients and its clinical significances., Methods: A total of 113 patients with acute leukemia were enrolled in this study. Flow cytometry was employed to detect the expression of N-Cadherin in bone marrow leukemic cells from acute leukemia patients and the relationships between the N-cadherin expression and the clinical characteristics of patients with acute leukemia were analyzed., Results: The expression of N-Cadherin in bone marrow leukemic cells deriveted from patients with acute leukemia was variable with 0%-99.7%. For adult AML patients, the positive rate of CD34 in N-cadherin + group was significantly higher than that in N-cadherin - group(67.39% vs 33.33%)(P=0.013), while the differences of total CR rate and rate of CR after 1 cycle of induction treatment were not significant between these 2 groups(P>0.05). As to ALL patients, N-cadherin + group had significant lower WBC count (21.31±7.07 vs 51.10±23.69)(P=0.008) and lower percentage of peripheral blood blast (43.22±5.75% vs 66.45±5.65%)(P=0.015). The CR rate after 1 cycle of induction treatment and rate of overall CR were lower and the relapse rate was higher in N-cadherin + ALL group than those in N-cadherin - ALL group, but the differences were not significant (P>0.05). For childhood ALL, the positive rate of CD33 in N-cadherin + group was significantly higher than that in N-cadherin - group(47.62% vs 0%)(P=0.012). The relapse rate was higher in N-cadherin + group than that in N-cadherin - group (30.00% vs 0%)(P=0.115). The median survival time, 3-year overall OS rate and 3-year relapse-free survival rate in N-cadherin - groups of adult AML, non-M3 AML, ALL and chidhood ALL paients were superior to N-cadherin + groups, but the differences were not significant., Conclusion: The expression of N-cadherin in bone marrow leukemic cells relates to some clinical features of patients with acute leukemia and to some extent has inferior effect on survival of patients with acute leukemia.

Objective: To explore the expression of PD-L1 in acute leukemia patients, and to analyze the relationship of PD-L1 expression with the patients' clinical characteristics and prognosis., Methods: The expression of PD-L1 in leukemia cells of 75 patients including 59 de novo patients and 16 relapse/refractory patients with acute leukemia was detected by the flow cytometry, the clinical information was collected, and the therapeutic efficacy of de novo patients was analyzed., Results: The PD-L1 was expressed in human acute leukemia cells with total expression rate 32% (24/75), and its expression level in AML-M5 was higher than that in other leukemias [56.3% (9/16) vs 25.4% (15/59)], there was statistical significance (P = 0.019). The PD-L1 possitive rate in relapse/refractory group was higher than that in de novo patient group [(56.3% (9/16) vs 25.4% (15/59)], and there was statistical significance (P = 0.019). In 59 de novo patients, the CR rate of PD-L1 positive group after 1 course of chemotherapy was lower than that in PD-L1 negative group (66.7% vs 71.4%), the CR rate of PD-L1 positive group after 2 courses of chemotherapy was also lower than that in PD-L1 negative group (70% vs 88.6%). The relapse rate and the proportion of refractory patients in PD-L1 possitive group were higher than those in PD-L1 negative group. The expression of PD-L1 did not correlated with the clinical parameters, such as sex, age, extramedullary infiltration, percentage of blast cells in bone marrow, counts of WBC, RBC and platelet, as well as molecular biological features and cytogenetical characteristics., Conclusion: PD-L1 is expressed in human acute leukemia cells, and may be involved in the immune escape and primary resistant mechanisms, PD-L1 may be used as an indicator for evaluation of the the patients' prognosis and reocurrence.

Two local rice varieties (Baijiaolaojing and Yuelianggu) were cultivated in situ in Yuanyang terraces, China, in 2012 and 2013 to investigate the effect of enhanced UV-B radiation condition (0, 2.5, 5.0 and 7.5 kJ . m2) on internode characteristics including length, culm diameter, culm wall thickness from the first to the fourth internode, as well as the lodging index. The results showed that UV-B radiation had no significant influence on internode length and culm, but significanly reduced the culm wall thickness, with that of the fourth internode region decreased by 11.6% to 19.6% under 7.5 kJ . m2 UV-B radiation. The enhanced UV-B radiation increased the lodging index of rice varieties, making them more prone to lodging. The fourth internode had the highest lodging index which was higher than the lodging critical value (200). The decrease in culm wall thickness due to the enhanced UV-B radiation could be responsible for the increasing lodging risk of rice varieties grown in Yuanyang terraces.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of mixed composite skin graft on the deep partial thickness burn wounds after tangential excision in burn patients., Methods: Tangential excision was performed in 30 extremities of 23 burn patients within 3 postburn days (PBDs). Then large pieces of homologous acellular dermal matrix were grafted onto the superficial fascia with razor thin autoskin on top of them. The survival rate of skin grafts, the appearance and the functional recovery of the extremities were observed on 10 to 12 post operative day (POD). Skin samples from a healed wound of a patient were harvested three months after the injury for pathologic examination., Results: The survival rate of the composite skin grafts was 93%. Necrosis was encountered in 7% of the grafts in the lower extremities due to the poor fixation of the grafts leading to separation of autologous skin and the dermal template, and also due to infection resulting in lysis of the grafts. The grafted skin was excellent in the appearance and elasticity, and function of the injured extremities recovered well after grafting after 3 - 6 months of follow-up. Epidermal and dermal texture was also good as shown by pathologic examination., Conclusion: Mixed composite skin grafting after early tangential excision might be an ideal and effective method in the management of deep partial thickness burn wounds.