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Timely and accurate acquisition of cropland spatial distribution data is of great significance for agricultural production management, planting structure adjustment and food security. In this study, three northeastern provinces (Heilongjiang, Liaoning and Jilin) were selected as the research area. Based on massive Sentinel-2 data, a 12-month Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) dataset of cropland and non-cropland samples in a specific year was established in each province. The Google Earth Engine remote sensing computing platform was used to conduct supervised classification according to the difference characteristics of NDVI between cropland and non-cropland samples, and the spatial distribution data set of cropland resources with 10 m spatial resolution in the three northeastern provinces during 2020-2022 was obtained. The data set is an update of the latest available cropland resource data set, which can provide data support and scientific services for the scientific protection of phaeozem in Northeast China, the implementation of the strategy of "storing grain in land, storing grain in technology" and the guarantee of food security. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]