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【Objective】Fiber Raman Amplifier (FRA) based on multi-pump technology has features of low noise, a wide gain bandwidth, and a controllable gain spectrum shape, which is regarded as an ideal optical relay amplifier for long-haul fiber optic transmission network systems. Intelligent optical amplifiers with adaptive controllable gain are required in dynamic fiber optic transmission network systems. This article introduces a gain control method for FRA based on neural network and numerical solutions of Raman power coupling equations.【Methods】First, the data set containing the signal gains, pump powers and wavelengths in the FRA is collected to train the neural network to establish an approximate mapping relationship between the signal gains and pump parameters. Subsequently, the trained neural network is utilized to determine the initial pump powers and wavelengths of the FRA based on the target gains of the signal. Finally, the pump powers are optimized by solving the numerical solutions of the Raman power coupling equations to improve the accuracy of the FRA output signal gains.【Results】The paper investigates the effect of the flatness of signal gains in each group in the training dataset on the accuracy of FRA output signal gains. When the gain fluctuation of each group signal in the training data is less than 2 dB, the mean and variance of the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of the 1 000 sets of test signal gains output by the FRA are 0.230 and 0.010 dB, respectively. Additionally, the mean and variance of the maximum error of the gains are 0.462 and 0.044 dB, respectively.【Conclusion】The results indicate that the proposed method can achieve high-precision FRA gain control, offering a new idea and method for investigating intelligent optical amplifier gain adaptive control in dynamic fiber optic transmission networks.

The damage effect of the explosion shock wave generated by the explosion of the air to air missile warhead on the aircraft skin structure is influenced by various factors，and the function mechanism is relatively com plex，so that a large number of experimental and computational samples are required to evaluate the damage of shock waves to aircraft skin structures accurately. The static explosion experiments of aluminum alloy reinforced plates with fixed supports are performed，and their dynamic response and deformation patterns under shock wave loading are analyzed. The finite element analysis software LS-DYNA is used to simulate the structural response under explosive impact，and the simulation model is validated by comparing with the experimental results. The results show that the target plate is prone to tensile failure with tearing at the fixed boundary when the hole area ratio of the reinforced plate exceeds 1‰，and increasing the hole diameter or the number of holes enhances the risk of perforation damage between holes. The target deformation increases with the incident angle of explosion，and the target deflection can increase by more than 30% when the angle increases from 30° to 60° at a constant explosion distance.

The solar-driven interfacial evaporation （SDIE） can efficiently convert liquid water into steam using solar energy， providing a foundation for the development of eco-friendly and cost-effective freshwater production technologies. The photothermal material is the key platform for energy conversion， and the generated heat can be directly used for evaporation. In recent years， significant efforts have been made to enhance the efficiency of solar-driven water evaporation. Numerous innovative solar-thermal materials have been employed to achieve controlled and efficient solar-thermal conversion to meet energy-water challenges ranging from the microscale to the molecular level. On this basis， the latest research progress in carbon-based photothermal materials for SDIE technology is reviewed， focusing on the design， synthesis， and application of graphene， carbon nanotubes， natural plant-based carbon materials， carbon-based composite materials， and other photothermal materials that are currently widely used in the field of SDIE. Research findings related to the evaporation water collection rate were summarized. This aims to provide a reference for designing low-cost， efficient light absorption， chemical stability， and reusable and broad-spectrum absorption SDIE devices for off-grid desalination. Finally， the future development prospects of carbon-based materials for SDIE combined with artificial intelligence， power generation， sterilization， and all-weather operation are envisioned， to achieve eco-friendly， efficient， and multi-purpose water treatment and purification technologies.

(目的 调查老年住院患者照顾者与护理人员协作关系的总体状况, 分析两者之间协作关系的影响因素, 从而为进一步采取措施促进双方有效协作提供指导和依据。方法 采用随机抽样方法, 于2022年4月—2023年4月选取北京市5家三甲医院的老年患者的照顾者230例作为研究对象, 采用患者及照顾者的一般情况调查表及跨文化调适后的家庭协作量表(FCS)进行调查。结果 老年住院患者的照顾者与护士的协作得分为(91. 1±10. 04)分, 其中照顾者的文化程度、是否与患者同住等因素影响照顾者与护士的协作水平(P＜0. 05)。结论 住院老年患者的照顾者与护士的协作水平处于中等偏上水平。护理人员应关注照顾者的文化水平、是否与患者同住等方面, 根据情况给予个体化指导, 并不断提高护理人员自身水平, 及时识别照顾者需要, 为提高护理质量及满足老年人对日常延续照料的需求提供依据。)

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of health distress on depression and anxiety among the middle-aged and elderly hearing-impaired people, and to explore the mediating effect of social capital, so as to provide an evidence for the implementation of appropriate interventions.MethodsA face-to-face self-designed questionnaire survey was conducted on 271 middle-aged and elderly hearing-impaired people aged 50 years and above in Shanghai from September 2021 to February 2022, including the general information of the subjects, social capital scale, hospital anxiety and depression scale, and health distress scale. The higher the total scores of the social capital scale, the higher level of social capital. Higher scores on the hospital anxiety and depression scale indicate more severe anxiety and depression, and scores >7 points were used to define an anxiety or depression status. The higher scores of the health distress scale, the worse the health condition of the respondents. Univariate and multivariate linear regression models were used to investigate the effects of health distress on depression and anxiety, and the mediating effects were used to test the mediating role of social capital between health distress and depression and anxiety.ResultsThe mean scores of depression, anxiety, social capital and health distress among the middle-aged and elderly hearing-impaired people aged 50 years and above were (11.063±5.892), (58.391±15.273) and (6.384±4.787) points, respectively. Health distress scores were positively correlated with social capital scores, health distress was positively correlated with depression and anxiety, while social capital was negatively correlated with depression and anxiety (all P

Data quality is the foundation for implementing smart governance. Based on a case study of the construction of smart governance projects in City D and data collection from different channels, this article aims to analyze the challenges and their reseasons for data quality management and propose the countermeasures from the perspective of data users. The challenges are inadequate management systems and mechanisms, mismatched data quality evaluation indicators, and obstructed information transmission during collaboration. The reasons include the particularity of quality management requirements in project construction, the difficulties in matching data resources with usage needs, and consensus on quality management difficult to support management execution because of the inertia of thoughts. The following suggestions are brought forth: enhancing the degree of consensus on quality management concepts, upgrading the dynamic ability of quality evaluation methods ,and optimizing the refinement granularity of data collaboration strategies.

In order to master the distribution law of each layer state of the ion exchange resin in the EDI membrane block, this paper firstly analyzed the working principles and characteristics of the migration failure layer, exchange stability layer and hydrolysis protection layer of EDI ion exchange resin. Then, the effects of influent conductivity and operating current on the layer state distribution were tested through experiments. The results showed that the thickness of the hydrolytic protection layer was negatively correlated with the influent conductivity and positively correlated with the operating current. The hydrolysis protection layer was the key point to ensure the quality of product water from EDI membrane block. When the influent conductivity was less than 10 µS/cm (25 ℃), the ratio of the hydrolytic protective layer thickness to the thickness of the whole resin layer was ≥11.43%, which could well ensure that the conductivity of product water from EDI membrane block was

ObjectiveTo analyze the factors affecting the cost of hospitalization for patients and provide insights using the intrauterine lesion surgery group (DRG code NE19) as an example.MethodsThis study was a retrospective cross-sectional study, with data from the first page of medical records of patients enrolled under NE19 at a comprehensive tertiary hospital in Beijing from March 15, 2022 to November 30, 2023. Influence factor selection and multifactorial linear regression analysis were conducted with hospitalization cost as the dependent variable, and patient's basic information, treatment information and key concern factors as independent variables. The profit and loss of medical records containing key factors and differences in indicators of hospitalization cost structure were analyzed in the context of clinical practice.ResultsA total of 2213 valid medical records (all female patients) were included, with patients predominantly young and middle-aged women under 45 years of age (72.12%), and with 931 day surgery medical records (42.07%). The diagnosis records included 334(15.09%) multiple uterine leiomyomas, and 246(11.12%) pelvic adhesions. A total of 150(6.78%) medical records involved ovary- and tubal-related surgeries or manipulations, with 160(7.23%) main operations being laparoscopic hysterectomy of diseased uterine lesions and 38(1.72%) mechanical rotational excision of abnormal uterine tissue using transhysteroscopy. Linear regression analysis showed that whether or not ovarian and tubal surgical operations were involved (βi=0.30), whether or not the main operation was laparoscopic hysterectomy for uterine lesions (βi=0.30), and whether or not transhysteroscopic mechanical rotational excision of abnormal uterine tissue was used (βi=0.20) had a greater impact on hospitalization costs. In the analysis of the focal factors, the percentage of patients who experienced a deficit was higher for surgical operations involving the ovaries and fallopian tubes, whether the primary operation was laparoscopic hysterotomy for uterine lesions, multiple uterine leiomyosarcomas, and pelvic adhesions (all P < 0.05), and "whether or not transhysteroscopic mechanical rotational excision of abnormal uterine tissues was used" and "whether it was a day surgery" had a significant effect on several structural indicators of hospitalization costs (all P < 0.05).ConclusionsThe NE19 group of hospitals in the study had a high loss rate, and factors such as the severity of the patient's condition and the use of new technologies affected hospitalization costs, suggesting that there is room for further optimization of the existing grouping scheme. Tiered payment standards can be set up for different tiers of healthcare institutions, and a sound and optimized exclusion mechanism can be used to promote the development of new technologies. The internal management of hospitals should encourage the development of daytime surgery to improve the efficiency of medical services.

With the widespread adoption of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) in China's medical evaluation and healthcare payment systems, the importance of disease classification coding has become increasingly prominent, drawing considerable attention from the industry. As ICD is rapidly promoted and applied, various work methods have been developed, with it disagreements in understanding have emerged. Some medical institutions strictly require physicians to select clinical diagnoses from the ICD list of disease and surgical names. This practice undermines and even replaces the coding process conducted by the professional coders, leading to practical issues and affecting the data quality. This article analyzes these issues and proposes that the diagnoses entered by physicians on the first page of medical records are essentially disease nomenclature, while ICD codes represent classified diagnoses. These two elements have fundamentally different purposes andfunctions. It is recommended that physicians understand the requirements of ICD coding for clinical diagnosis documentation, revert to a medical-centric mindset, and accurately record disease diagnoses by using disease nomenclature. For the ICD-coded data, the key to high quality lies in strictly adhering to ICD classification rules and aligning with international standards. Professional medical record coders should be trained in health informatics, master international classification rules to fulfill their responsibilities, and ensure the accurate transformation of clinical diagnoses into ICD codes.

As a practical carrier for promoting the tiered diagnosis and treatment model, the medical consor-tium is of great significance for balancing medical resources and boosting medical service efficiency. The construction of medical consortiums not only improves the accessibility of high-quality medical resources for patients, but also enhances the diagnostic and treatment level of member units. Meanwhile, it provides space for the leading hospital to adjust the structure of diseases and improve the level of discipline construction. As the core of medical insurance payment reform, DRG, through indicators such as the case mix index(CMI) and the number of diagnosis related group (DRG), provides objective and quantified data support for case management and disease structure optimization, thus effectively guiding the rational allocation of medical resources and the adjustmentof diseases and surgical types within the medical consortium. Comprehensive use of DRG evaluation indicators can construct a multidimensional medical consortium construction evaluation system, provides a clear direction for medical consortium cooperation, thereby promoting the overall healthy and sustainable development of medical consortiums and achieving a win-win situation for all parties involved. This paper, based on the "1+5+1" medical consortium cooperation model centered around Peking Union Medical College Hospital, utilizes DRG indicators to analyze the benefits for patients, member hospitals, and the leading hospital during the medical consortium construction process, with the hope of providing reference for the construction of a medical consortium evaluation system.

In July 2024, the National Healthcare Security Administration issued "Notice on Printing and Distributing the 2.0 Edition Grouping Scheme for Diagnosis Related Group(DRG) and Disease-based Payment and Further Advancing Related Work, " marking the official entry of China's DRG payment reform into the 2.0 era. In the 2.0 edition of the DRG grouping scheme, the number of DRGs has increased by six groups, and that of the adjacent DRGs has increased by 33 groups, featuring more scientific and reasonable grouping that aligns better with clinical practice. The National Healthcare Security Administration has also clarified five supporting management mechanisms, including the special case negotiation mechanism, the fund prepayment mechanism, the negotiation and consultation mechanism, the feedback mechanism for opinion collection, and the data disclosure mechanism. These are aimed at optimizing the management of DRG payment reform to ensure a win-win situation for medical institutions, healthcare security departments, and patients. The release of the DRG 2.0 edition provides medical institutions with more refined management tools and a more reasonable paymentmechanism. Medical institutions need to actively embrace this reform, optimize internal management, and improve service quality to achieve cost control and efficiency enhancement, ultimately leading to a win-win situation for patients, healthcare security funds, and medical institutions.

【Objective】 The Barkol Lake Basin is located in the east of Xinjiang of China, and groundwater plays a pivotal role in supporting agriculture, livestock and other sectors in the region. This study aims to analyze the chemical characteristics and health risks associated with groundwater in the plain areas in the basin. 【Method】 The analysis utilized groundwater quality data collected in August 2022. Factors influencing groundwater chemistry were evaluated using ion ratio and saturation index methods. Groundwater quality and the associated health risks were assessed with the entropy weight water quality index method and a health risk assessment model. 【Result】 The groundwater in the study area is weakly alkaline, with low salinity and moderate hardness. Its hydrochemical profile is primarily of the HCO₃·SO₄-Ca·Na type. The chemical properties are predominantly influenced by rock weathering and cation exchange. In the region, 75.0% of the groundwater is deemed drinkable without treatment, 8.3% is of moderate quality, and 16.7% is undrinkable without further treatment. The non-carcinogenic health risk index for Na⁺ is the highest, with children facing a greater potential non-carcinogenic risk compared to adults. 【Conclusion】 Overall, groundwater quality in the area is satisfactory, though there are potential risks in the northern part of Bolqiangji Town. This analysis provides a baseline for ensuring the safe use of groundwater in the region.

Thyroid nodules (TNs) exhibit a high prevalence rate of 36.9% in China, with a marked preponderance in females over males, and regional variations observed. Ultrasonography (US), due to its non-invasiveness, convenience, and high sensitivity, has emerged as the primary diagnostic tool for TNs. In recent years, advancements in US diagnostic techniques have flourished, including the Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (TIRADS), multimodal US, fine-needle aspiration (FNA) coupled with molecular testing, and artificial intelligence (AI). Notably, the 2020 edition of the Chinese-specific C-TIRADS system has improved diagnostic accuracy by tailoring to China's healthcare landscape. Multimodal US assessment, integrating various US techniques, has significantly enhanced diagnostic efficacy, reducing unnecessary biopsies. Molecular testing and AI-assisted diagnosis have further improved diagnostic precision; however, the generalization capabilities of AI models and their long-term clinical application efficacy remain to be validated. Ultrasound-guided interventional therapies occupy a pivotal position in TN management, including chemical ablation and thermal ablation techniques. Chemical ablation is primarily utilized for cystic-predominant nodules, whereas thermal ablation is suitable for both cystic-solid and solid nodules, with their combined application yielding optimal results. Although the application of thermal ablation in thyroid micropapillary carcinoma remains controversial, preliminary studies have demonstrated its efficacy and safety. Despite the remarkable progress in US technologies for TN diagnosis and treatment, challenges persist, including inconsistent diagnostic criteria, disparities in equipment and technical expertise across regions and hospitals, and the absence of large-scale studies on the long-term efficacy and safety of thermal ablation. Future directions encompass refining risk stratification systems, intensifying research on multimodal US assessment, enhancing the generalization capabilities of AI models, standardizing the application of molecular testing, exploring indications for ablation therapy, and establishing standardized efficacy assessments.

Objective To investigate the effect of refined nursing management on relieving the negative emotions of patients undergoing chemotherapy after surgical excision of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Methods Totally 182 patients undergoing chemotherapy after surgical excision of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma were randomly divided into the control group and study group, with 91 cases in each group. The control group received routine nursing management during treatment, and the study group received refined management based on the routine nursing interventions. The negative emotions, fatigue, quality of life and satisfaction with nursing service were measured and compared between two groups. Results Scores of Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS) in the study group were lower than those in the control group after intervention(P＜0. 01). The Cancer Fatigue Scale (CFS) score in the study group were lower than that in the control group after intervention(P＜0. 01). The Short-Form 36-Item Questionnaire (SF-36) score in the study group was higher than that in the control group after intervention(P＜0. 01). The nursing satisfaction score in the study group was higher than that in the control group after intervention (P＜0. 05). Conclusion Refined nursing management is effective to relieve the negative emotions and cancer-related fatigue of patients undergoing chemotherapy after surgical excision of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, improve patients’ quality of life and satisfaction by kinship care. (目的 探究超细化护理干预在肝内胆管癌术后化疗患者中的应用。方法 选取医院2023年1月—2024年1月收治的182例肝内胆管癌术后化疗患者为本次研究对象, 采用随机数字表法分为对照组(n=91)和试验组(n=91)。对照组进行常规护理, 试验组在常规护理基础上增加超细化护理干预。比较两组患者负性情绪、疲乏程度、生活质量和护理满意度。结果 干预后试验组患者焦虑自评量表(SAS)和抑郁自评量表(SDS)评分低于对照组, 差异有统计学意义(P＜0. 01)。干预后试验组癌因性疲乏量表(CFS)评分低于对照组, 差异有统计学意义(P＜0. 01)。干预后试验组健康状况调查简表(SF-36)评分高于对照组, 差异有统计学意义(P＜0. 01)。试验组护理满意度高于对照组 (P＜0. 05)。结论 超细化护理干预能够帮助肝内胆管癌术后化疗患者改善负性情绪, 减轻癌因性疲乏, 提高生活质量, 并通过亲情式细化服务提高患者满意度。)

Nursing case discussion system is one of the core nursing systems. This paper refers to the relevant medical case reporting guidelines at home and abroad, and tries to compile the "Key Points and Checklist of Integrative Nursing Case Discussion", focusing on the modularization of the five aspects of case discussion type, purpose, organization, implementation and evaluation, so as to make the nursing case discussion system develop professionally and standardized, provide reference and reference for domestic nursing workers to write high-quality nursing case discussion case reports, and promote the formulation, promotion and application of nursing case reporting standards of Integrative Nursing. (护理病例讨论制度是护理核心制度之一。本文参考国内外相关病案报告指南, 尝试编制“中西医结合病例讨论案写作要点和核对清单”, 重点对病例讨论类型、目的、组织、实施、评价五方面结构模块化, 使护理病例讨论制度向专业化、规范化发展, 为国内护理工作者撰写高质量护理病例讨论案例报告提供借鉴和参考, 推动中西医结合护理案例报告规范的制定和推广应用。)

In recent years, both domestic and international studies have demonstrated therapeutic benefits of microneedles with various depth in the treatment of androgenetic alopecia, alopecia areata, and telogen effluvium. The mechanisms of microneedle therapy for alopecia may be related to the enhancement of transdermal drug delivery. In addition, various growth factors generated during microneedling participate in multiple hair loss-related signaling pathways, thereby promoting the formation of hair follicles during the growth phase. This article introduces microneedle treatments for different types of hair loss diseases and the selection of microneedle depth, aiming to provide reference for clinical treatment.

Low earth orbit (LEO) satellite communication technology can provide ground users with broad coverage, high capacity, and high reliability services, making it one of the key supporting technologies for future networks. Direct-to-mobile satellite communication technology offers advantages such as portability, low cost, and large user scalability, promising extensive commercial and application prospects. Simultaneously, it generates corresponding demand for service resources from LEO satellite. In scenarios where LEO satellite resources were constrained, a service model was proposed that comprehensively considers communication, sensing, computation, and storage. Based on this model, a user allocation method was proposed. Simulation results indicate that this strategy, compared to three other methods, achieves higher resource utilization rates, serves more mobile phone users, and provides theoretical support for the development of direct-to-mobile satellite communication technology.

ObjectiveTo analyze the disease group structure and its trends in key departments of large public hospitals using diagnosis related group (DRG) data, explore the key points of intervention and optimization of disease groups in departments, and further promote the rational allocation of department resources.MethodsWe retrospectively collected DRG data from two surgical departments in a large public hospital in Beijing from 2017 to 2023. When the case mix index (CMI) of the two surgical departments declined, interventions such as performance appraisal, department education, and hospital publicity were promptly adopted. The changesin CMI values were observed and the trends in disease group weights, time consumption index, cost consumption index, and mortality rate in low-risk groups were analyzed.ResultsAfter the interventions, in surgical department Ⅰ, the proportion of patients with lower-weight diseases, such as major thyroid surgery (KD1), significantly decreased, while that of patients with higher-weight diseases, such as colorectal malignancy surgery (GB2) and pancreatic malignancy surgery (HB1), significantly increased. In surgical department Ⅱ, the proportion of patients with lower-weight diseases, such as chemotherapy (RE1), decreased markedly, while that of patients with higher-weight diseases, including major surgery for malignancy of kidney, ureter, and bladder (LA1), adrenal gland surgery (KC1), surgery for kidney/ureter/bladder except for major malignancy surgery (LB1), and male genital organ malignancy surgery (MA1), increased significantly. Both surgical departments achieved the goal of increasing their CMI values. In terms of efficiency, cost, and quality indicators, the time consumption index and cost consumption index of the two surgical departments were significantly lower than 1, and the mortality rate in low-risk groups was 0.ConclusionBased on actual conditions and development goals, large public hospitals can achieve improvements in CMI values and optimization of disease group structures through reasonable interventions, thereby enhancing medical efficiency and rational utilization of resources.

Amid challenges of adapting to an aging society and maintaining sustainable healthcare financing, DRG forms a comprehensive suite of healthcare management tools, serving not only as a payment management tool but also encompassing budget management and healthcare quality control. However, further exploration of DRG's potential, which includes stimulating intrinsic motivations, and maximizing its positive incentive effects, requires continuous exploration and implementation. This paper discusses the standardization of clinical practices, localization of guidelines, minimization of iatrogenic harm, and popularization of economic evaluation, with the aiming of optimizing clinical pathways, standardizing medical practices, and balancing the challenges and opportunities of cost control and clinical innovation under the DRG payment model.

This article proposes a novel phononic crystal configuration consisting of a through-hole cantilever beam and a mass block, and conducts numerical analysis and experimental verification on the bandgap characteristics of a two-dimensional periodic array plate containing this configuration. The results indicate that there are multiple bending wave band gaps in the proposed structure, and the formation of the bandgap is due to the coupling between elastic waves in the matrix and the resonance characteristics of the local resonant structure. The width of the bandgap is related to the coupling strength. Further research has also found that the proportion of effective mass of the mode is a criterion for determining whether the mode generates a bandgap. At the same time, the regulation of band gaps by the cell constants and geometric parameters of local resonance units was studied. Based on the above research, by improving the original local resonance structure, more abundant bandgap features were obtained, providing a feasible approach for the design of broadband bandgaps. Finally, the vibration transmission rate of the finite period structural plate was obtained through simulation calculations and experiments, and its attenuation frequency band was basically consistent with the bandgap range, indicating that the structure has good low-frequency vibration reduction performance, which has broad engineering application prospects in the field of vibration and noise reduction.

In response to the global climate crisis, some countries and regions have established green trade “carbon barriers” that leverage their advantages in carbon emissions accounting and certification to curtail exports of Chinese products. Facing these emerging challenges, China needs to refine its carbon accounting system to contribute to an equitable and cooperative global climate governance and trade system. This study aims to improve China’s carbon accounting system. It summarizes the essence and construction progress of the carbon accounting system, introduces the accounting and reporting requirements of international green trade mechanisms, and employs comparative analysis to examine the differences between China’s carbon market, the European Union’s Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism, and the “Regulation (EU) 2023/1542 concerning batteries and waste batteries” in terms of accounting boundaries, methodologies, and data support and quality assurance systems. The findings indicate that while China’s carbon market aligns with international green trade mechanisms in terms of accounting methodologies, it lags significantly in its carbon footprint system as well as data support and quality assurance systems. These gaps mean that Chinese export-oriented enterprises struggle to overcome these carbon barriers with the current accounting system, potentially hindering the development of emerging industries. The study suggests that China should adhere to its fundamental stance of opposing unfair green trade barriers and take specific measures to improve the carbon accounting system: (1) enhancing the product-level carbon accounting system, (2) establishing a credible platform for emission factor data, (3) bolstering research support from academic institutions, (4) reinforcing data security management, and (5) improving the carbon accounting and reporting capabilities of affected enterprises.

Ecological environmental protection is an important support for China to achieve ecological civilization, but it often encounters challenges in fairly distributing protection responsibilities and development rights between the wider society and local communities living in protected areas. Ecological protection planning is an instrument for reconstructing environmental protection responsibilities and development rights among different social groups: the communities within the protected areas bear the responsibility for ecological protection but may lose some development rights to some extent, whereas the communities outside the protected areas enjoy the benefits of environmental protection without having to fulfill related obligations. This asymmetry of rights and obligations triggers environmental injustice, and is a crucial factor in determining the effectiveness of policy implementation. The changing patterns of environmental (in)justice are shaped by negotiations between governments at different scales and local stakeholders, and involve complex political processes. Therefore, this study introduces a theoretical framework that integrates scale politics and environmental justice to explore the distinctive-scale political processes involved in achieving environmental justice in ecological protection areas under China's segmented and hierarchical political system. First, the pattern of environmental justice is shaped by the highest-scale actors among relevant stakeholders. Second, intermediate-scale actors tend to prioritize compliance with policy directives from higher scales and may use methods such as scale retention or devolution to limit the interest demands of lower scales. Finally, lower-scale actors may seek to enhance their political discourse power through scale escalation when faced with unjust situations created by a top-down decision-making system. Empirically, this research selected a village yet to be reconstructed in an ecological protection zone in the central provincial capital city of China as a case study and analyzed the environmental injustice faced by the villagers and pathways to change the injustice. The empirical findings suggest that, without prior consideration of the development rights of local residents, strict top-down ecological environmental protection methods often aggravate tense relationships among actors at different scales. Specifically, this leads to environmental injustice, in which the development rights of local residents at lower scales are overshadowed by the protection requirements enforced by higher-scale government entities. Environmental (in)justice includes the allocation, institutional, and recognition dimensions. In response, scale reconstruction emerges as an informal strategy for lower-scale residents to seek justice. Through this strategy, lower-scale residents appeal to higher-scale governments to intervene in the development issues of ecological protection areas, and thus strive to achieve equality in development rights and protective responsibilities. This process opens a way to achieve environmental justice. Additionally, the reliance on informal mechanisms underscores the lack of formal mechanisms in China to ensure that lower-scale groups have fair rights to urban ecological environmental protection. To address the challenges, this article integrates theoretical insights with empirical evidence to propose the following policy measures:(1) strengthening the top-down transmission of policies to implement the principle of balancing ecological protection by improving people's livelihoods, (2) establishing mechanisms for achieving environmental justice through the balanced allocation of rights and responsibilities, and (3) enhancing the democratic participation of relevant stakeholders in planning.

Objective A finite element model of metro vehicle air compressor frame is established and verified through modal testing and vibration testing. It is found that the vertical bending modal frequency of the dryer frame coincides with motor harmonic frequency and the vibration isolation rate is relatively low. Under the premise of meeting modal frequency and vibration isolation rate requirements, a structural optimization design of air compressor frame is carried out by integrating finite element method and optimization techniques. Method Taking the thickness of the air compressor frame as the optimization variable, DOE (design of experiment) is firstly carried out to obtain different samples of air compressor frame, then an approximate model of air compressor frame is established using the Moving Least Squares method. Based on this approximate model, with vertical first-order bending modal frequency of the frame, vertical bending modal frequency of dryer frame and vibration isolation rate as optimization objectives, an optimization design is performed using the adaptive response surface method to obtain the optimal scheme of frame parameters. Result & Conclusion Results show that, compared to before optimization, the vertical first-order bending and the dryer frame vertical bending modal frequencies after optimization are both more than 3.0 Hz different from the rail excitation frequency (typically 15.0 Hz), motor rotation fundamental frequency (24.5 Hz), and harmonics; reaching the optimal avoidance of resonance conditions, and the vibration isolation rate can be increased by 20% to 25%, while the total mass only increases by 6%.

Objective As a key structure for carrying the vehicle, the abnormal vibration of bogies has a direct impact on the service performance of rail transit trains. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct in-depth research on the fatigue of vehicle bogies. Method In response to the abnormal bogie vibration on a certain urban rail transit train, a main line passenger tracking test is conducted to analyze the dynamic stress in the key areas for the testing vehicle. Combined with the elastic mode of bogie frame, the frame vibration and main frequency of wheel-rail excitation under different track types are compared and studied. Result & Conclusion The equivalent stress (σaeq) of 17 measuring points on train bogie frame exceeds the limit of 70 MPa before wheel reprofiling, while only one measuring point exceeds the limit after wheel reprofiling. Therefore, wheel off roundness has a significant impact on the dynamic stress of the frame. The main frequency of the frame dynamic stress signal both before and after wheel reprofiling is 59 Hz in the low-frequency range, and the main frequency energy still exists after wheel reprofiling, indicating that its correlation with train running speed and wheel off roundness is relatively small. The main frequency of dynamic stress signal is above 700 Hz in the high-frequency range. Since the high-frequency σaeq is mainly within 25 MPa, its contribution to the damage of bogie frame is very small. This type of bogie frame has an elastic mode with a frequency of about 59 Hz, where motor and side beam nod in the opposite direction. The frequency of this elastic mode is consistent with the main frequency of the dynamic stress signal of vehicle dynamic stress measurement points on three track types: long sleeper integrated track bed+ZX-2 fastener, short sleeper integrated track bed+ZX-2 fastener, and floating plate track bed (high-end steel)+ZX-2 fastener. However, this main frequency does not exist on other track types, indicating that the elastic mode of the frame is excited on some track types, causing excessive fatigue damage values. The vertical vibration main frequencies of the vehicle axle box on this line are 60.5 Hz and 37.0 Hz respectively, of which 60.5 Hz is mainly generated by the coupling effect between the vehicle and the track, and 37.0 Hz has a certain correlation with the vibration damping fasteners. Therefore, the combination of track bed and fastener types has a significant impact on the wheel rail vibration.

Background Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a common clinical condition with a decades-long course. Long-term and personalised health management in community hospitals is the best way to prevent and treat KOA, and non-surgical treatment is an effective way to slow joint degeneration and postpone joint replacement surgery. Objective To understand the population characteristics, clinical staging and treatment modality characteristics of the population attending community hospitals for knee osteoarthritis, in order to provide a basis for optimising the treatment protocol for knee osteoarthritis at the grassroots level. Method All streets in the urban area of Beijing were randomly selected for the study using the whole cluster sampling method, and Hepingli Street in Dongcheng District, Beijing was censored for all patients who attended all community hospitals (7) belonging to the street from January to June 2022, and general information, medical history, personal history, clinical staging, K-L grading and treatment modalities were collected. Results A total of 3 615 KOA patients were included in this study, including 1 327 males (36.71%) and 2 288 females (63.29%), aged (71.8±13.3) years. There were 867 cases (23.98%) in the onset period, 2009 cases (55.57%) in the remission period and 739 cases (20.45%) in the rehabilitation period. Gender and age of patients with different clinical stages were not correlated with clinical stages (P>0.05), while BMI (K=0.235) and KL grading (K=0.406) were correlated with clinical stages (P

The exploration area of Shengli Oilfield was studied， and the difference in geological characteristics of shale oil in continental lake basins in eastern and western China and its influence on the enrichment law were systematically compared. Controlled by paleogeomorphology， paleoclimate， paleowater medium， and other factors in Eocene The Upper Submember of 4th Member of Eocene Shahejie Formation （Es4U）-The Lower Submember of 3rd Member of Eocene Shahejie Formation （Es3L ） of Jiyang Depression， the organic-rich lamellar carbonate shale was widely distributed. The synergistic evolution of hydrocarbon generation of organic-rich clay lamina and reservoir formation of carbonate-rich lamina provided favorable conditions for the large-scale enrichment of free hydrocarbons. The strong rifting of Fengcheng Formation in Hashan area in the northwest margin of Junggar Basin led to strong volcanic activity. Under the combined influence of volcanic eruption materials and paleoclimate， large-scale distribution of organic-rich lamellar alkali-bearing felsic shale lithofacies was observed. More felsic minerals were formed during the evolution of hydrocarbon generation and reservoir formation， accompanied by a large number of matrix dissolution pores and intercrystalline pores， which laid an essential foundation for shale oil enrichment. In the process of multi-stage thrusting in Hashan area， the quasi-in-situ system continued to generate hydrocarbons， with more oil and less gas. The relatively good storage conditions， as well as abnormal high pressure caused by structural overburden pressure and pressurization due to hydrocarbon generation， provide necessary conditions for high shale oil production. Under the background of salt water in Haiji Lake， Lucaogou Formation in the southeastern margin of Junggar Basin was affected by volcanic debris and microorganisms to form the primary lithofacies combination type of organic-rich lamellar shale and organic-poor interlayer dolomite. The organic-rich shale of Lucaogou Formation in the piedmont zone around Bogda Mountain has entered the mature evolution stage， and the structural stability area in the exploration area of Shengli Oilfield was a potential area for shale oil exploration.

The development of health-promoting hospitals is an important part of the Healthy China Initiative, facilitating the transformation of medical institutions from a primary focus on medical and surgical treatments to a patient-centered approach prioritizing public health. To promote the scientific, standardized, and sustainable development of health-promoting hospitals, the Shanghai Municipal Center for Health Promotion, together with Shanghai General Hospital and other institutions, has jointly developed the Standards for the Development of Health⁃promoting Hospitals (Standards) in accordance with the principles of scientific rigor, feasibility, and advancing with the times. The Standards outlines the requirements for the development of health-promoting hospitals across four aspects: organizational and institutional guarantees, creation of a healthy environment, implementation of health education and promotion, and evaluation. It is applicable to all levels and types of public medical institutions in Shanghai, and can also be referred to and implemented by other medical institutions. The introduction of the Standards is of great significance for promoting the formation of a long-term mechanism in health-promoting hospitals. This paper introduces the basis, principles, main content, precautions, and implementation suggestions of the Standards. Taking into account relevant policies and standards, it interprets the technical aspects in the process of developing health-promoting hospitals, which is helpful for medical institutions and their management to better understand and apply the standards in their work.

Micro-energy networks integrate distributed energy systems, multiple loads and control devices in parks or communities. Micro-energy networks are capable of realizing multi-energy cogeneration and co-supply functions, which are conducive to enhancing the operational flexibility and economy of multi-energy networks. To effectively cope with the uncertainty of load and new energy output within the micro-energy networks, a polyhedral uncertainty set is established to portray the fluctuation of load and photovoltaic output. An energy hub (EH) coupling matrix describing the topology of micro-energy networks and the coupling relationship between the energy flows is constructed. Then, a two-stage robust optimization economic dispatch model is established for micro-energy networks in both grid-connected and islanded operation modes to minimize the system operation cost. Linear decision rule (LDR) and duality theory are used to develop model-solving strategy. Finally, a case is carried out using micro-energy networks based on improved IEEE 33-node distribution network. The results show that LDR can effectively approximate the relationship between decision variables and uncertain variables through linear affine function within a certain accuracy range, which reduces the difficulty of solving the two-stage robust optimization economic dispatch model.

Background The elderly colorectal cancer population has a high prevalence and complex condition, and postoperative rehabilitation faces various challenges. It is of great significance to construct a scientific, practical and comprehensive postoperative health management program for colorectal cancer in the elderly to improve patients' health. Objective To construct a comprehensive health management program for elderly postoperative colorectal cancer patients, and provide reference for postoperative rehabilitation of elderly colorectal cancer patients. Methods Based on literature review and qualitative interviews, the management program for elderly postoperative colorectal cancer patients was initially formulated. The Delphi method was used to conduct 2 rounds of correspondence with 16 experts from tertiary hospitals in Nanjing and Shanghai. The motivation degree of the experts was evaluated based on questionnaire recovery rate and text revision rate. Furthermore, the authority coefficient was used to evaluate the degree of expert authority, while the coefficient of variation and Kendall's W coefficient were used to evaluate the coordination of expert opinions. Based on opinions and discussion of experts, the ultimate formation of the health management program for elderly postoperative colorectal cancer patients was constructed after adjusting the content of entries. Results The recovery rates of the two rounds of expert correspondence were 94.12% and 100.00%, respectively. The text revision rates were 56.25%, and the authority coefficient was 0.91. The mean importance scores of items in the two rounds of the consultation ranged from 3.81 to 5.00 and 4.13 to 5.00, with the coefficients of variation from 0 to 0.24 and 0 to 0.20. The Kendall's W coefficients of expert opinions were 0.211 and 0.222, respectively (P

【Objective】 Change in soil water content is not only an indicator of water stresses used for irrigation management but also controls biogeochemical processes in soil. In this paper, we study the feasibility of using thermal infrared imaging to estimate soil moisture dynamics. 【Method】 The experiment was conducted in July-August 2023 in a walnut orchard in Xinjiang. Thermal infrared images of the walnut canopy were measured continuously using a thermal infrared camera. Based on the HSV color space of the images, an improved K-means segmentation algorithm was proposed to analyze the change in canopy temperature. We also measured air temperature and humidity, illuminance, wind speed, atmospheric CO2, and soil water content in the 0-80 cm soil layer, from which we proposed an inversion model to estimate soil water dynamics. 【Result】 The improved K-means algorithm increased the accuracy from 82.34% to 94.55%, and the errors between the canopy temperature acquired from the images and the measured canopy temperature were in the range of 0 to 1.0. The infrared imaging method was most accurate between14:00 pm to 16:00 pm. Our results showed that the walnut roots were most active in taking up water from the 40-60 cm soil layer 50-60 cm away horizons from the tree truck. Canopy temperature, air temperature and relative humidity, and atmospheric CO2 concentration were correlated with soil water content at significant levels; they can thus be used to estimate soil water dynamics, with a coefficient of determination of R2=0.86 and p

Objective To investigate the home-based pulmonary rehabilitation training and self-management practices among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and assess the impact of these practices on their quality of life. Methods Convenience sampling was used to select 81 patients with COPD as research subjects, and a questionnaire was administered using the "Questionnaire Star" platform. The primary investigation focused on patients' self-management and pulmonary rehabilitation training at home, as well as the influence of self-management and home-based pulmonary rehabilitation on patients' quality of life. Results Among the 81 respondents, 46. 91%(38/81) of patients adhered to respiratory exercises (more than 3 days per week), 61. 73%(50/81) of patients were able to maintain regular physical exercises (more than 3 days per week), 75. 31%(61/81) of patients followed their medication prescriptions as advised by their doctors, and 64. 20%(52/81) of patients did not receive home oxygen therapy. The COPD Assessment Test score was (20. 22 ±7 . 48), which indicated a moderate level of quality of life among COPD patients. Factors such as age, education level, duration of illness, employment status, the number of hospitalizations due to COPD, alcohol and smoking habits, attempts to quit smoking, adherence to medication prescriptions, home oxygen therapy, duration of continuous oxygen therapy, and the number of days of respiratory and exercise training per week were found to have a significant impact on the quality of life(P＜0. 01). The patents’ quality of life was associated with frequency of alcohol consumption, smoking habits, attempts to quit smoking, adherence to medication prescriptions, home oxygen therapy, duration of continuous oxygen therapy and number of days of respiratory training per week(P＜0. 01). Conclusion Home-based pulmonary rehabilitation helps improve self-management abilities among patients with COPD, encourages the adoption of healthy lifestyle habits, and promotes adherence to scientifically guided home oxygen therapy. Adequate respiratory and exercise training, as well as maintaining a positive mood, play a crucial role in enhancing patients' quality of life. (目的 调查慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者居家肺康复训练和自我管理情况, 及居家肺康复训练和自我管理对患者生活质量的影响。方法 便利选取COPD患者作为研究对象, 运用“问卷星”在线问卷平台对81例COPD患者进行调查, 主要调查患者居家自我管理和肺康复训练的情况, 及自我管理和居家肺康复对患者生活质量的影响。结果 81例患者中, 46. 91%(38/81)的患者坚持呼吸训练(每周训练天数≥3 d), 61. 73%(50/81)的患者能坚持运动锻炼(每周锻炼天数≥3 d), 按医嘱服药的患者占75. 31%(61/81), 未进行家庭氧疗的患者占64. 20%(52/81)。COPD患者慢性阻塞性肺疾病评估测试(CAT)问卷总分为(20. 22 ± 7. 48)分, 属于中下水平。单因素分析显示, 年龄、学历、病程、有无工作、近1年因COPD而住院的次数、饮酒习惯、吸烟习惯、是否尝试戒烟、是否按时遵医嘱用药、是否家庭氧疗及持续氧疗时间、每周进行呼吸及运动训练天数会影响生活质量(P＜0. 01)。相关分析结果显示, 生活质量与饮酒频次、吸烟习惯、是否戒烟、是否按时遵医嘱用药、家庭氧疗及每天持续时间、每周呼吸训练天数具有相关性(P＜0. 01)。结论 居家肺康复的COPD患者应提高自我管理能力, 养成健康的生活习惯, 坚持科学家庭氧疗; 适当开展呼吸训练与运动训练; 保持愉快的心情, 对于提高生活质量具有重要的意义。)

To study the chemical constituents of n-butanol extract from Astragalus rigidulus, HP-20 macroporous adsorption resin, Sephadex LH-20 gel, ODS gel column chromatography and semi-preparative high performance liquid chromatography were used to separate the chemical constituents. The structures of all isolates were identified by spectroscopic methods, including NMR and HR-ESI-MS. The results showed that twenty compounds including nineteen flavonoid derivatives and one sesquiterpene glycoside were isolated and purified from n-butanol extract of A. rigidulus. Their structures were identified as 7-O-methylorobol-4′-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (1), mildiside A (2), naringenin (3), purine 4′-O-β-D-glucoside (4), orobot (5), kaempferol-3-O-β-D-(6′-acetyl) glucopyranoside (6), 5,7-dihydroxy-4′-methoxyisoflavone-2′-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (7), amarantholidoside IV (8), kaempferol-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranoside (9), kaempferol (10), 5,7,4′-trihydroxyisoflavone (11), kaempferol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (12), (S)-mucronulatol (13), calycosin (14), quercetin (15), pratensein-7-O-β-D-glucoside (16), 2′-hydroxy-3′,4′-dimethoxyisoflavan-7-O-β-D-glucoside (17), kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside (18), 5,7,4′-trihydroxy-3′-methoxyflavonol-3-O-rutinoside (19), quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucoside (20). It is the first report for the compounds 1-9 found in the genus Astragalus. The other compounds are isolated from the title plant for the first time. The results of this study provide basic data for the pharmacodynamic material study of A. rigidulus, and provide a theoretical reference for the rational development and utilization of the plant resources in the future.

To clarify the corrosion problem of a certain gathering and transportation pipeline in the Daniudi gas field, corrosion rate tests, micro-morphology observations and corrosion product analyses were conducted on the corrosion coupons and corroded pipe sections on-site. The corrosion mechanism of the gathering pipeline in an H2S/CO2 coexistence environment was studied to provide a basis for formulating corresponding corrosion protection measures. Results showed that the average corrosion rate of the corrosion coupon was 0.092 3 mm/a, which was higher than the 0.076 0 mm/a required by the industry standard. The local corrosion rate was 0.157 0 mm/a, the pitting corrosion coefficient was 2.7, and the maximum depth of the corrosion pit on the test piece of the corroded pipe section was 88 μm. The corrosion product film had a loose structure and poor protection performance. The corrosion products mainly contained C, O and S elements, which were much higher than the chemical composition of 20 carbon steel. The corrosion products were mainly composed of FeCO3, FeS and Fe2O3, indicating that the corrosion of the gathering pipeline was mainly caused by CO2 and H2S when encountering humid environments.

Aiming at the difficult-to-treat high-concentration phosphorus in the spent electroless nickel plating baths, the transformation trends of phosphorus species in catalytic oxidation-reduction, H2O2 oxidation, calcium hypochlorite oxidation, and Fenton oxidation treatment processes were monitored and analyzed. Subsequently, the coagulation/precipitation process was further used to remove TP from the wastewater, and the final TP removal effect was investigated. The experimental results showed that there was no obvious selectivity in the three oxidation treatments of H2O2 oxidation, calcium hypochlorite oxidation, and Fenton oxidation, and a certain concentration of difficult-to-treat H2PO2- remained in the wastewater after the reaction, with TP removal rates of 81.9%, 92.2%, and 96%, respectively. After catalytic oxidation-reduction treatment, almost all phosphorus species in the spent electroless nickel plating baths were converted to HPO32-, and the TP removal rate could reach 99.7% after calcium chloride precipitation treatment. Meanwhile, HPO32- was also a valuable resource that could be utilized. By adding Al2(SO4)3·18H2O to the wastewater treated by catalytic oxidation-reduction, aluminum phosphite products could be recovered, which was of great significance in wastewater treatment, green environmental protection and resource utilization.

Objective In order to understand the research on urban rail transit vehicle development in China in the past 20 years, Citespace software is used to make visual retrieval and analysis of the relevant literatures on this issue, and determine the cutting-edge hot topics. Method In the CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure) paper database, periodicals are selected as the search scope, the year 2001-2020 as publication year, and subject ′vehicle′+full text ′urban rail transit′ as the search condition，9392 papers are exported in Refworks format. New data are generated by Citespace software creening and de-duplicating. The number and temporal characteristics of the literatures, keywords, citation frequency, cooperative relation of research institutions, research hot topics and cutting edge analysis are studied. Result & Conclusion The research shows that there are three research stages featuring steady growth, rapid growth and exponential growth corresponding to the years devided by 2008 and 2016 respectively. The research hot topics focuse on "traction", "braking", "dynamics" and "bogie" and others. The cutting edges of the research are "supercapacitor", "city railway", "vehicle maintenance", etc. Relevant scholars and research institutions are mainly concentrated in universities and main locomotive factories.

Aiming at the lack of effective analysis and identification of operational area in the traditional battlefield situation awareness process, a method of aerial battlefield target trajectory analysis method for operational area extraction is proposed. Firstly, based on the improved Douglas-Peucker algorithm, the featured trajectory is extracted based on the original target trajectory, thus reducing the trajectory redundant information. Secondly, the clustering by fast search and find of density peaks (CFSFDP) algorithm is used to cluster the featured trajectory, which obtains multiple featured points clusters. Finally, each featured points cluster is scanned based on Graham's convex hull algorithm to obtain closed polygons to characterize the combat areas. The feasibility and effectiveness of the algorithm model are verified by several case simulations.

ObjectiveTo summarize typical situations of illegal addition， the illegal drug addition to ordinary food sold online that claimed to reduce weight was investigated， and its typical external characteristics analyzed.MethodsHigh throughput screening method and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method that could detect multiple types of compounds simultaneously and quantification accurately were developed. The packaging information， typical ingredients， gifts， production enterprises， and other external typical characteristics of the product were sorted out， and the correlation between detection results and external typical characteristics was analyzed.Results22.09% （19/86） of the weight loss claiming samples purchased online added drugs， and the drug addition behavior showed characteristics such as escape addition， combination addition， and main and auxiliary addition. There were certain correlations between drug addition and external typical features. Typical ingredients， gifts， trial products， products involving OEM， and products labeled with liability insurance had a higher probability of drug addition.ConclusionTypical situations analysis and summarization that are prone to illegal addition ， and we expected to give consumers moderate consumption advices and provide precise guidance for the regulation of illegal added products.

In order to clarify the relationship among nutritional quality of highland barley flour, processing quality and edible quality of noodles, the flour of 21 highland barley varieties in Qinghai Province was used as raw the materials. The key indexes for evaluating the suitability of highland barley noodle processing were screened out through correlation analysis and cluster analysis to construct an evaluation system for the suitability of highland barley noodle processing. The results showed that the contents of starch, fat, the fiber and the protein of highland barley flour were 69.95%~83.36%, 0.87%~2.38%, 1.13%~3.69%, and 6.88%~11.64%, respectively. Beiqing No. 8 (gate) had the highest peak viscosity (2 378.50 mPa·s), and Kunlun No. 15 (Dulan) had the highest regeneration value (756.00 mPa·s). Kunlun No. 16 (Guinan) had the best water holding capacity (4.32 g/g), and Chai Qing No. 1 (Dulan) had the highest oil holding capacity (0.94 g/g). Kunlun No. 14 (Guide) had the largest solubility (27.46%), and Kunlun No. 15 (Dulan) had the largest expansion (9.15%). Kunlun No. 18 (gate) had the greatest transparency (28.40%), and freeze-thaw stability was the largest (77.16%). The nutritional quality and processing characteristics of highland barley noodles were significantly related to the cooking quality and texture characteristics of noodles, flour water content, total starch content, resistant starch content, flour L* value and peak viscosity were the key indicators to evaluate the suitability of highland barley noodle processing. Through the construction of processing suitability evaluation system, the evaluation level of highland barley noodle processing suitability was determined. Beiqing No. 9 (Xining), Kunlun No. 14 (Xining), Kunlun No. 17 (Menyuan), Chai Qing No. 1 (Guinan) were screened out, while Kunlun No. 14 (Guinan), Kunlun No. 15 (Guinan) and other 6 highland barley flours were suitable for processing into highland barley noodles. The results of this study could provide a theoretical basis for the selection of raw materials for processing highland barley noodles.

In order to investigate the application potential of prolyl endopeptidase (PEP) in the enzymatic preparation of bone collagen peptides, the amino acid sequence characteristics of bovine bone collagen (BBC), porcine bone collagen (PBC) and chicken bone collagen (CBC) were comparatively analyzed, and their potential enzymatic cleavage sites and theoretical hydrolysis degrees were predicted. Collagen hydrolyzed by PEP at 55 ℃ and pH 8.0 was characterized by hydrolysis degree, molecular mass distributionand scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy were used to explore the structural changes of collagen during enzymatic digestion. The results showed that PEP could hydrolyze the three collagens. The hydrolysis degree of PBC was the highest (51.35%), followed by those of BBC (22.81%) and CBC (29.81%). The molecular masses of the three collagen hydrolysates were mostly distributed below 500 Da. Spectroscopic analysis showed that PEP destroyed the triple helix structure of collagen, and then degraded it. Therefore, PEP can efficiently enzymatically hydrolyze collagen into small molecule peptides, which provides a basis for the enzymatic preparation of functional collagen-derived peptides.

To solve the problems of short network lifetime, caused by unbalanced node energy consumption, and large energy consumption in data transmission of wireless sensor network, a semi-fixed clustering routing algorithm was proposed in order to achieve the load balance of each cluster. After the nodes were deployed, each cluster was adjusted to ensure that each cluster was well-matched in the number of nodes. In the beginning, the cluster heads were selected according to the distances between nodes and the residual energy of nodes. In data transmission phase, the optimization model of relay nodes was constructed according to the residual energy of nodes, the distances between nodes and the base station, and the distances between nodes. Then the goal of balancing and reducing energy consumption was achieved. Furthermore, when the network ran for a period of time, due to the large differences in residual energy between clusters, the clusters were optimized again to make the energy of each cluster as close as possible. Finally, when the energy of cluster heads was lower than the set threshold, the cluster heads were rotated and optimized again to extend the working life of nodes. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm reduces the energy consumption of nodes and provides longer network lifetimes of WSN.

The existing modulation recognition algorithms based on deep learning theory require a large number of IQ signal samples during the training phase. It is difficult to obtain a large number of samples in complex electromagnetic environments, resulting in a decrease in the generalization performance of modulation recognition algorithms based on deep learning. A signal enhancement based modulation recognition (SEBMR) algorithm was proposed to address the issue of poor network generalization ability. Firstly, a feature extraction and reconstruction module was designed to capture the global features of IQ signals. Secondly, an IQ signal enhancement network based on auxiliary classifier generative adversarial network (ACGAN) was proposed to achieve dual enhancement of sample quantity and quality. Finally, the support vector machine algorithm was employed to achieve modulation recognition and classification. To achieve recognition of debugging signals in complex channels, reconstructed signals representing global features were for training, and IQ baseband signals which experienced wireless fading were used for testing. The experimental results show that the proposed method can achieve better recognition accuracy performance in small sample training sets and fading channel environments compared to existing recognition methods based on long short-term memory (LSTM), convolutional neural network (CNN), attention mechanism, etc.

Nowadays, the demand of consumers and industrial users for satellite-terrestrial integrated communications is evolving to achieve seamless coverage and anytime, anywhere access, and the integration of satellite and terrestrial communication capabilities will be the development direction of future mobile phones. The application scenarios for direct-to-handset connectivity, domestic and international development paths, and related technical solutions were introduced. Subsequently, the network architecture and key technology for realizing direct-to-handset connectivity with respect to the 3GPP NTN standard scheme were analyzed. The requirements and potential improvement schemes for multi-mode terminals in satellite communication scenarios in terms of integrated design, antenna capabilities, voice capabilities and power saving, were also identified. Finally, by exploring the key regulatory challenges (e.g. radio-frequency spectrum) related to direct-to-handset communications, feasible pathways for the future development of satellite-terrestrial integrated terminals were provided.

Complicated terrains, specific regions, and high wind turbulence intensity frequently trigger shutdown protection of wind turbines due to vibration beyond the designated limit, resulting in serious loss of power generation. This paper aims at reducing the frequency of shutdowns and improving operational stability of wind turbines. Operational characteristics of wind turbines under complicated conditions such as specific regions and strong turbulent wind were analyzed. A fuzzy control approach was proposed based on pertinent theory, to deal with complicated operating conditions at specific sites. This strategy incorporates a vibration recognition algorithm to classify vibration conditions and a fuzzy control algorithm for vibration suppression based on the categorized conditions. Compared with the conventional shutdown or sector-based control methods, the proposed fuzzy control strategy of vibration suppression eliminates the frequent starting and stopping of wind turbines, thus ensuring power generation and improving operational stability. Furthermore, a simulation analysis was performed using Bladed software, taking 3.x MW wind turbines as the research object. Subsequent experimental verification was carried out at a wind farm. In the experiment, the application of the fuzzy vibration suppression control method effectively led to the quick ride-through of the wind turbine amid the complicated operating conditions including the specific region and strong turbulent wind. A 23.87% reduction in the maximum RMS of the front and rear accelerations of the nacelle demonstrated a substantial enhancement in the wind turbine reliability.

The Ehlers-Danlos syndrome(EDS)is a rare inherent connective tissue disorder. The prevalence of EDS in the population is estimated at one out of ten thousand to one out of a hundred thousand. The vascular EDS(vEDS) are rare among the subtypes but are the worst in prognosis. The article reports a case of vEDS admitted to the hospital. The patient was a young man complaining of a sudden onset of aphasia in right hemiparalysis and severe left abdominal pain for unknown reasons. The diagnosis was made after the genetic testing. The patient suffered from vEDS. Then, the multi-disciplinary team(MDT)made a treatment plan tailored to this young patient. The complexity in classification and delusive presentations of the EDS make the correct diagnosis very challenging. This article hopes to report this case and to share the experiences to the better understanding of this disease.

Objective To establish an allogeneic rat model of endometriosis and to evaluate the effects of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist GenSci006 on experimental rat endometriosis. Methods Endometrium from SPF grade donor female SD rats were transplanted onto the abdominal wall of recipient female rats to construct an allogeneic endometriosis model. The rats undergoing sham surgery were divided into the sham group. Three weeks later, the length, width and height of the ectopic endometrium were measured, and the volume of the endometrium (V1) was calculated before drug administration. The modeling rats were randomly divided into four groups: model group, triptorelin group (0.25 mg/kg), GenSci006-1 group (0.125 mg/kg) and GenSci006-2 group (0.25 mg/kg). Each group had 16 rats and received a single dose of the corresponding drug. The sham group and model group were administered an equal volume of solvent. Three weeks after administration, ectopic endometrium was measured to calculate the volume V2 and inhibition rate. The effect of GenSci006 on rat uterus and ovarian tissues was assessed by comparing organ coefficients and changes in pathological sections. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure the levels of serum estradiol (E2), progesterone (P4), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), and luteinizing hormone (LH). Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR was used to detect the expression of GnRH receptor (GnRHR) mRNA in the hypothalamus and pituitary. Western blot was used to detect the expression of estradiol receptor alpha (ERα), beta (ERβ) and progesterone receptor (PR) in ectopic endometrium. Results Three weeks after administration, compared with the model group, the body weight of rats in the triptorelin and GenSci006-2 groups significantly increased (P < 0.05), while the volume of ectopic endometrium significantly decreased (P < 0.05). Compared with the sham group, the model group showed no significant changes in uterine and ovarian organ coefficients or endometrial thickness (P > 0.05). Compared with the model group, the uterine organ coefficients and endometrial thickness were significantly reduced in the triptorelin and GenSci006-2 groups (P < 0.05). Compared with the sham group, the serum levels of E2, P4, FSH and LH in the model group showed no significant changes (P > 0.05). Compared with the model group, the ovarian organ coefficient and serum P4 levels of rats in the Triptorelin, GenSci006-1, and GenSci006-2 groups were significantly reduced (P < 0.05), while the serum LH levels of rats in the GenSci006-1 group were significantly increased (P < 0.05). However, there were no significant changes in serum E2 and FSH levels in each group (P > 0.05). Compared with the model group, the expression levels of GnRHR mRNA in the pituitary tissue of rats in the triptorelin and GenSci006-2 groups were significantly downregulated (P < 0.05), with no significantly changes in the hypothalamus (P > 0.05). There were no significant changes in the expression level of GnRHR mRNA in the hypothalamus or the protein levels of ERα, ERβ and PR in the ectopic endometrial tissue in any group (P > 0.05). Conclusion The allogeneic endometriosis rat model is a suitable animal model for screening and evaluating drugs for treating endometriosis. The volume of ectopic endometrium, inhibition rate, uterine and ovarian organ coefficients, and serum E2 levels may serve as indicators for detecting drug efficacy.

In the context of the “dual carbon” strategy， this paper addresses the optimization of wind-solar-energy storage capacity configuration in microgrids by proposing a dual-layer optimization model. With the overarching objective of maximizing net profit throughout the microgrid's planned lifecycle and considerations related to constraints on carbon emission quotas and transformer capacity on the source side， the model aims to reduce electricity purchasing of main grid and lower the overall carbon footprint of the system. On the load side， demand response is introduced， and users are guided to modify their electricity consumption patterns under time-of-use pricing， leading to an optimized load curve and improved economic efficiency for the microgrid. The dual-layer optimization model is solved using LINGO， a nonlinear programming tool. Through case studies， the planning outcomes considering different proportions of transferable and unloadable loads， as well as varying constraints on carbon emission quotas and transformer capacities. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model.

A 3-RPS parallel leveling mechanism based on the proportional integral (PI) robust sliding mode system is designed to solve the problem of data acquisition inaccuracy caused by vehicle tilting during the robot walking. Firstly, the configuration synthesis is carried out according to the spiral and inverse spiral theory. Then, the dynamic analysis and calculation of the 3-RPS leveling mechanism are carried out to construct its dynamic model. On this basis, the adaptive robust sliding mode algorithm is introduced to optimize and improve the PI controller to improve the stability and adaptive correction ability. The stability of the nonlinear control system is verified by Lyapunov function. Finally, the control error curve is obtained by Matlab/Simulink comparative simulation experiment. The simulation results show that the adaptive correction effect of the PI control system optimized by the robust sliding mode algorithm is remarkable, and the steady-state error of the control is greatly reduced. The research provides a basis for the development of physical prototype of 3-RPS parallel leveling mechanism.

With the rapid development of low-temperature fields such as deep space exploration，polar scientific research，low-temperature storage and transportation，the service conditions for low-temperature structural components are becoming increasingly stringent. Therefore，low-temperature materials have gradually become a research hotspot in the world. This article mainly summarizes the low-temperature performance and related mechanisms of common structural materials such as low-temperature steel，aluminum alloy，titanium alloy，aluminum matrix composites and resin matrix composites. The effects of different crystal structures，alloy types，alloying elements and other factors on the mechanical properties of structural materials such as low temperature strength，plasticity and toughness，and the mechanism of low temperature deformation，strengthening and toughening are concluded. The application and prospect of different grades of low-temperature structural materials in different fields at home and abroad are also briefly introduced. The future research prospect of low-temperature materials is put forward.

With the development of new weapon systems and the application of intelligent technology in military fields, the research of intelligent situation awareness technology has become the hot spot among military powers. Firstly, the concepts of situation awareness and intelligent situation awareness are introduced. Secondly, In view of the characteristics of modern warfare, five critical demands of intelligent situation awareness are analyzed, including intelligent combat system of system analysis, intelligent awareness of combat window, combat situation evolution and prediction, intelligent cognition production representation, and intelligent combat situation retrospective. With domestic and foreign research literature, the key technologies and countermeasures involved are analyzed. The relevant results have certain reference significance for the future development and technological breakthroughs of intelligent situation awareness.