Search

Objective The Litang-Yidun fault is a left-lateral strike-slip active fault zone extending approximately 130 km in the Sichuan-Yunnan rhombic block in the Holocene. As a significant seismogenic structure controlling seismic activity in the Litang area of western Sichuan, research on both paleoseismicity and surface ruptures primarily focuses on the Litang and Damaoyaba sections, with relatively limited study on the Cuopuhu section in the northern part. Detailed investigation of the Cuopuhu section can provide fundamental information on its activity characteristics, paleoseismic events, and slip rates. Methods The Cuopuhu section of the Litang-Yidun fault was investigated using field surveys, high-precision mapping, trenching, and 14C dating methods to explore its slip rate and paleoseismic events. Two trench sites were excavated at the foothills of Dongou Mountain to identify the relationships between faulting and strata, sedimentary characteristics, and fault motion. Conclusion Four paleoseismic events were identified: Event Ⅰ occurred before BC 3382±60 a; Event Ⅱ occurred between BC 3382±60 a and BC 1094±51 a; Events Ⅲ and Ⅳ occurred after AD 1330±44 a. The recurrence intervals of the four earthquakes are approximately 0.4±0.3 ka, 2.42±0.1 ka, and 2.40±0.1 ka, respectively. Based on the calculated intervals, Events Ⅰ and Ⅱ, and Events Ⅱ and Ⅲ, Ⅳ, have recurrence intervals of about 2.4 ka. Events Ⅲ and Ⅳ occurred after AD 1330±44 a, making it difficult to determine their sequence and exact timing. It can be inferred that the Cuopuhu section of the Litang-Yidun fault likely has a recurrence interval of about 2.4 ka for paleoseismic events, with a possibility of seismic events with recurrence intervals of 0.4±0.3 ka. By comparing the research data between the Cuopuhu section and the Litang and Damaoyaba segments, differences in paleoseismic events between the Cuopuhu section and the other sections are evident. However, the seismic activity of different fault sections has shown a sustained strengthening trend since the Holocene. Based on mapped fault scarps and moraine ridges from the last glacial period, the average slip rate of the Cuopuhu section since the Late Pleistocene is estimated to be 4.15±0.5 mm/a, similar to the slip rates of different branches of the Litang-Yidun fault in the late Quaternary period. Significance This study provides information on the tectonic features, paleoseismicity, and slip rates of the Litang-Yidun fault, aiding in a better understanding of the seismic history and structural deformation patterns in the area and giving more data for medium- and long-term earthquake prediction in the future. It also contributes to the seismic risk assessment of relevant projects along the Sichuan-Tibet Railway.

Objective To explore the influencing factors of patient adherence behavior to tuberculosis treatment based on knowledge-attitude-practice (KAP) model and investigate the moderating effect of coping styles on the behaviors. Methods A total of 231 pulmonary tuberculosis patients were recruited from the Tuberculosis Clinic of Chongqing Public Health Medical Center from April 8 to June 9, 2021. There were 133 males and 98 females, with an average age of 26.97±8.57 years. A cross-sectional survey was conducted using a Web-based questionnaire to collect their demographic data, knowledge, attitudes and self-reported practice behaviors related to treatment compliance, and coping styles (confrontation, avoidance and acceptance-resignation). Results ① Adherence knowledge and attitudes showed positive predictive effect on adherence behavior (β=3.014, β=0.505, P < 0.01); ② Adherence knowledge had positive predictive effect on adherence attitudes (β=2.587, P < 0.01); ③ Adherence attitudes still showed significant predictive effect on adherence behavior even when acceptance-resignation at lower level(x-1s)and average level(x)(ρ=0.483, 95%CI: 0.293~0.674, P < 0.01; ρ=0.271, 95%CI: 0.170~0.373, P < 0.01), but the effect was not significant when acceptance-resignation at high level(x±1s)(ρ=0.059, 95%CI: -0.071~0.189); ④ The interaction between avoidance and adherence knowledge showed negative predictive effect on adherence attitudes (β=-0.144, P < 0.05), while the interaction between confrontation and adherence knowledge was positive predictor for adherence attitudes (β=0.066, P < 0.05). Conclusion Improvement of adherence knowledge and attitudes contribute to adherence behavior. A decreased acceptance-resignation level can help the pulmonary tuberculosis patients enhance adherence attitude and promote their adherence behavior.

Papillary thyroid carcinoma is one of the most common thyroid cancer subtypes. Although papillary thyroid carcinoma can be treated effectively with excision, microwave ablation, radioactive iodine and hormone replacement therapy, these ways are inefficient in reducing its morbidity, mortality and recurrence rates. Therefore, it is very important to seek the molecular mechanism of the occurrence and development of papillary thyroid carcinoma, to provide effectively early diagnosis, accurate treatment and better long-term prognosis for papillary thyroid carcinoma patients. This paper summarizes the molecular regulatory mechanisms of non-coding RNAs and their related signaling pathways in the occurrence and development of papillary thyroid carcinoma, in order to provide evidence for continued research of biomarkers for papillary thyroid carcinoma.

It is a challenging problem to efficiently calculate and systematically analyze the motion laws and working gait of the inchworm-like soft robot. A simple mechanical model consisting of a rigid slider and a curved beam is established under quasi-static conditions, in order to realize quasi-static modeling and simulation analysis of the inchworm-like soft robot. First, based on the Euler-Bernoulli beam theory, the total potential energy expression of the beam is obtained. Next, combining the boundary conditions and the governing equation derived from the total potential energy based on the variational principle, a set of ordinary differential equations are established. Then, through discretization and dimensionlessness of those equations, a class of nonlinear algebraic equations for numerical solution is proposed. Finally, in the light of the contact situation between curved beam and ground as well as the viscous and slip condition of the system, the motion of the robot is divided into three stages. Through numerical calculations, the different configurations of the curved beam in different stages with the change of the initial curvature amplitude are obtained, which makes it possible to describe the law, the gait, and the net displacement of the soft robot in a motion cycle and solve the problem of movement connection of soft robots at different stages. The quasi-static method is characterized by high computational efficiency, which is more suitable for analyzing the motion configuration of soft robots.

YVO4, YPO4 and YV1-xPxO4 phosphors with various Tb3+ doping concentrations were prepared by high-temperature solid-state method. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements were conducted to evaluate the chemical reactions during synthesis process, determining 1 350 °C as the optimal synthesis temperature. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis of the synthesized materials confirmed a tetragonal crystal structure for all samples. The luminescent properties of the mentioned phosphors at room temperature were investigated. Under ultraviolet excitation, luminescence in YVO4 : Tb3+ predominantly arises from the 5D3→7FJ(J = 6, 5, 4, 2) transitions, resulting in blue emission. The introduction of P element modified the crystal field environment in YV1 - xPxO4 :Tb3+, enhancing multi-phonon relaxation (MPR) and cross-relaxation (CR) between 5D3 and 5D4 energy levels. With increasing P element content, the emission gradually shifted towards 5D4→7FJ' (J' = 6, 5, 4, 3), displaying blue, cyan, and green emissions. In YPO4 : Tb3+, higher doping concentrations enhanced cross relaxation between 5D3 and 5D4 energy levels of Tb3+, leading to weakened 5D3 luminescence and intensified 5D4 luminescence. Fine- tuning the doping concentration enabled the control of luminescence from blue to green. In conclusion, by adjusting the matrix composition and doping concentration, the blue-green luminescence modulation of Tb3+ -doped vanadium phosphate system can be achieved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aimed to clarify the lower limb kinematic and dynamics characteristics of patellofemoral pain (PFP) patients during running with different cognitive tasks, so as to provide references for finding movement patterns that could reduce patellofemoral joint stress (PFJS) during running. The study recruited 46 male patellofemoral pain patients, and the lower-limb kinematics and dynamics data in no task, musical task and mental arithmetic task were respectively collected by infrared motion capture system (Nokov Mars2H) and three-dimensional force plate (Bertec). Repeated measurement ANOVA was used to identify the effects of different cognitive tasks on lower-limb biomechanics parameters, and the relationship between lower-limb biomechanics characteristics and PFJS was identified by Pearson's bivariate correlation. The results showed that: (1) Compared with no task, both the music task and the mental arithmetic task increased the step length of PFP patients (P<0.001). The music task also increased knee flexion angle (P=0.005) and decreased ankle plantarflexion moment (P=0.022) for PFP patients, and the mental arithmetic task decreased the hip adduction moment (P<0.05) and step frequency (P<0.001). (2) Regardless of the cognitive task, the step length and knee flexion angle were positively correlated with peak PFJS (P<0.05), and ankle plantarflexion moment was negatively correlated with peak PFJS (P<0.05). Under the mental arithmetic task, hip adduction moment (R2=0.162, P=0.006) and step frequency (R2=0.123, P<0.017) were negatively correlated with peak PFJS. The conclusion showed that: patellofemoral joint stress may be increased by increased knee flexion, ankle dorsiflexion and increased stride length during musical task running in patellofemoral pain patients; movement characteristics such as smaller hip inversion, long stride length and slow stride frequency during mental arithmetic task running may increase patellofemoral joint stress. It is recommended that listening to music during running, patellofemoral pain patients should use a more upright knee movement pattern to reduce patellofemoral joint stress and also take care to reduce stride length. Furthermore, patellofemoral pain patients can reduce patellofemoral joint stress and prevent pain recurrence by strengthening the hip adductors and ankle plantar flexors, which help prevent pain recurrence caused by mind-wandering during running. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, different types of demulsification experiments have been carried out inemulsified sulfur-containing sewage,and the iron content of the samples through demulsification has been tested to determine the demulsification method which is suitab!e for suifurcontaining sewage. By controlling a singlr variable to study the influencing factors in the determination of ron content in emulsified suifurcontaining wastewater,the experiment condition is identified: sampie volume is 50 mL, the add-on amount of n-butanol is 2. 5 mL,the add-on amount of hydrochloric acid is 5 drops,and the pH of the sampie is adjusted to 4. 5 after digestion. It is verified by experiments that the method is suitable for the determination of iron content in emulsified suifur-containing sewage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the continuous development of Internet of Things (IoT) technology, there is a constant emergency of new IoT applications with low latency, high dynamics, and large bandwidth requirements.This has led to the widespread aggregation of massive devices and information at the network edge, promoting the emergence and deep development of fog computing architecture.However, with the widespread and in-depth application of fog computing architecture, the distributed network security architecture deployed to ensure its security is facing critical challenges brought by fog computing itself, such as the limitations of fog computing node computing and network communication resources, and the high dynamics of fog computing applications, which limit the edge deployment of complex network intrusion detection algorithms.To effectively solve the above problems, a personalized lightweight distributed network intrusion detection system (PLD-NIDS) was proposed based on the fog computing architecture.A large-scale complex network flow intrusion detection model was trained based on the convolutional neural network architecture, and furthermore the network traffic type distribution of each fog computing node was collected.The personalized model distillation algorithm and the weighted first-order Taylor approximation pruning algorithm were proposed to quickly compress the complex model, breaking through the limitation of traditional model compression algorithms that can only provide single compressed models for edge node deployment due to the high compression calculation overhead when facing a large number of personalized nodes.According to experimental results, the proposed PLD-NIDS architecture can achieve fast personalized compression of edge intrusion detection models.Compared with traditional model pruning algorithms, the proposed architecture achieves a good balance between computational loss and model accuracy.In terms of model accuracy, the proposed weighted first-order Taylor approximation pruning algorithm can achieve about 4% model compression ratio improvement under the same 0.2% model accuracy loss condition compared with the traditional first-order Taylor approximation pruning algorithm.

Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) have become one of the cutting-edge technologies in the world, and have been mainly applicated in medicine. In this article, we sorted out the development history and important scenarios of BCIs in medical application, analyzed the research progress, technology development, clinical transformation and product market through qualitative and quantitative analysis, and looked forward to the future trends. The results showed that the research hotspots included the processing and interpretation of electroencephalogram (EEG) signals, the development and application of machine learning algorithms, and the detection and treatment of neurological diseases. The technological key points included hardware development such as new electrodes, software development such as algorithms for EEG signal processing, and various medical applications such as rehabilitation and training in stroke patients. Currently, several invasive and non-invasive BCIs are in research. The R&D level of BCIs in China and the United State is leading the world, and have approved a number of non-invasive BCIs. In the future, BCIs will be applied to a wider range of medical fields. Related products will develop shift from a single mode to a combined mode. EEG signal acquisition devices will be miniaturized and wireless. The information flow and interaction between brain and machine will give birth to brain-machine fusion intelligence. Last but not least, the safety and ethical issues of BCIs will be taken seriously, and the relevant regulations and standards will be further improved.

Objective: To investigate the damage of rat alveolar type II epithelial cells(RLE-6 TN) caused by air fine particulate matter(PM&#95;(2.5)) and its related mechanism., Methods: PM&#95;(2.5) in the atmosphere of Weifang City in 2020 was collected and cell culture medium was used to prepare particulate suspension. RLE-6 TN cells were exposed to different concentrations(25, 50, 100, 200, 400 μg/mL) of particulate matter suspensions for 24 h. The morphological changes of RLE-6 TN cells were observed under inverted microscope, and the cell viability was determined by MTT method. The concentration of lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) in cell supernatant was determined by microplate method. DCFH-DA, Annexin V-FITC/PI, JC-1 probe and laser confocal fluorescence intensity were used to determine the levels of reactive oxygen species(ROS), apoptosis and mitochondrial membrane potential. Total superoxide dismutase(T-SOD), glutathione(GSH) and malondialdehyde(MDA) contents and activity levels in cells were determined by colorimetric method. Caspase-3 and Caspase-9 kit were used to detect the relative expression activity of apoptosis proteins., Results: PM&#95;(2.5) could lead to morphological changes of RLE-6 TN cells, enlarged cell space and decreased cell viability. Compared with the control group, there were statistically significant differences in each dose group(P&lt;0.05). LDH concentration in the supernatant of ≥50 μg/mL infected group increased, and LDH concentration was ≥(377.82±29.84), which was significantly different from that of the control group(278.51±23.76)(P&lt;0.05). The result of laser confocal detection of ROS showed that the intracellular green fluorescence increased gradually in the ≥50 μg/mL group, and the relative fluorescence intensity was ≥(2.77±0.18), which was statistically significant compared with the control group(P&lt;0.05). The level of apoptosis was significantly increased compared with the control group(P&lt;0.05). The level of mitochondrial membrane potential decreased gradually, and the level of mitochondrial membrane potential in the ≥25 μg/mL group was ≤(4.22±0.45), which was statistically different from that in the control group(6.16±0.49)(P&lt;0.05). PM&#95;(2.5) could reduce the levels of T-SOD and GSH, and the levels of T-SOD and GSH in ≥50 μg/mL exposed group were ≤(14.67±0.49) and ≤(433.29±39.24), respectively, significantly lower than those in control group((16.58±0.60) and(542.90±45.06))(P&lt;0.05). MDA level increased with the increase of PM&#95;(2.5) concentration. Compared with the control group(1.15±0.19), MDA level in ≥50 μg/mL exposed group was ≥(1.72±0.13), with statistical significance(P&lt;0.05). The activity levels of Caspase-3 and Caspase-9 increased in ≥100 μg/mL group, and the activity levels were ≥(1.62±0.27) and ≥(1.23±0.06), respectively, compared with the control group, the differences were statistically significant(P&lt;0.05)., Conclusion: Exposure to a certain concentration of PM&#95;(2.5) can induce oxidative stress of rat alveolar type II epithelial cells, reduce the membrane potential, and eventually lead to cell apoptosis.

Refeeding syndrome (RFS) is a potentially fatal complication of clinical nutritional therapy. Patients in intensive care unit (ICU) consuming nutrients under high stress and high metabolism are more likely to develop RFS, which is closely related to the poor prognosis and higher mortality. However, due to the lack of characteristic clinical manifestations of RFS and the incomplete evaluation of risk factors, there are few reports on the related research of RFS risk prediction model, and it is easily ignored by clinicians. The key to prevention and treatment is to clarify the risk factors of RFS in ICU patients, early identify high-risk patients and initiate intervention. In this paper, the diagnostic criteria, current domestic and abroad situation, risk prediction indexes and preventive therapy of RFS are reviewed. It provides a reference for constructing an RFS risk prediction model that is in line with our national conditions, in order to improve the ability of medical staff to early identify RFS and improve the survival rate of ICU patients.

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of early exercise safety management in patients undergoing mechanical ventilation in intensive care unit (ICU)., Methods: A prospective historical control observation was conducted. Forty-five patients with severe respiratory failure undergoing mechanical ventilation admitted to the ICU of Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University from April to June in 2019 were enrolled in the observation group and implemented early exercise safety management, including establishing multidisciplinary safety management team with ICU doctors, ICU nurses, respiratory therapists, rehabilitation therapists, dietitians and psychological consultants to jointly develop early exercise plan; equipping with sports and safety protection equipment; assessing the early exercise risks, formulating early exercise prescriptions; formulating the nutritional and psychological prescriptions; carrying out the propaganda and education in the early exercise process of patients and communicating with patients timely; strengthening team training. Other 45 patients with severe respiratory failure admitted for mechanical ventilation from January to March in 2019 were enrolled in the control group, whose gender, age and artificial airway conditions were matched with those in the observation group. Routine mechanical ventilation nursing was performed, including condition monitoring, medication nursing, environmental management and routine examination assistance. The improvement of depression, anxiety, comfort, lung function, and quality of life before and after nursing intervention were observed, and the occurrence of complications was recorded., Results: There was no significant difference in gender, age or artificial airway conditions between the two groups. Before nursing intervention, there was no significant difference in depression, anxiety, comfort, lung function and quality of life between the two groups. After the intervention of different nursing programs, the above conditions of the two groups were significantly improved, and the improvement was more significant in the observation group, which showed that the hospital anxiety and depression scale (HAD) score and forced vital capacity (FVC) of the observation group were significantly lower than those of the control group [HAD score: 10.80±2.54 vs. 17.51±3.66, FVC (L): 1.81±0.42 vs. 2.23±0.39, both P < 0.01], while the general comfort questionnaire (GCQ) score, forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), FEV1/FVC ratio, FEV1 percentage of predicted (FEV1%) and each dimension score of 36-item short form health survey (SF-36) scale were significantly higher than those of the control group [GCQ score: 110.87±5.33 vs. 96.93±3.02, FEV1 (L): 1.99±0.37 vs. 1.71±0.15, FEV1/FVC ratio: 0.88±0.04 vs. 0.84±0.03, FEV1%: (88.98±8.57)% vs. (80.41±4.45)%, mental function score: 49.74±9.88 vs. 40.17±8.95, physical function score: 27.65±9.46 vs. 20.32±9.53, social relationship score: 62.14±6.33 vs. 50.28±8.76, general health score: 38.61±8.48 vs. 30.63±8.93, all P < 0.01]. The overall incidence of complications in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group (24.44% vs. 57.78%, P < 0.01)., Conclusions: Early exercise safety management scheme for patients undergoing mechanical ventilation in ICU can improve clinical efficacy and reduce complications. At the same time, it can further standardize the behaviors of medical staff and ensure the early exercise.

Objective: With advances in intensive care, more patients are surviving from critical illness, and post-intensive care syndrome (PICS) began to get people's attention. Early detection and intervention of PICS can improve the quality of life of intensive care unit (ICU) survivors and reduce the rate of re-hospitalization. However, effective, reliable, and easy-to-use assessment tools are the basis for early detection and evaluation of intervention outcomes. Thus, we introduce the evaluation tools for PICS from the perspective of universality or specificity, aim to provide reference for doctors or nurses to choose suitable assessment tools for PICS, and to provide reference for the development of localized assessment tools for PICS in China, so as to promote the related research of PICS.

Objective: To explore the clinical and genetic characteristics of a case with Pallister-Killian syndrome (PKS)., Methods: Chromosomal karyotype of umbilical cord blood sample derived from a 36-year-old pregnant woman was analyzed by G-banding analysis. After birth, the child was further analyzed with single nucleotide polymorphism microarray (SNP array) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using 12pter/12qter probes., Results: G-banding analysis showed that the fetus has a karyotype of 46,XY [77]/47,XY,+mar [23]. After birth, Affymetrix CytoScan 750K array analysis showed a segmental tetrasomy of arr [hg19] 12p13.33p11.1(173 786 - 34 835 641)×4 and a 34.6 Mb repeat at 12p13.33p11.1 with in the neonate. FISH analysis confirmed that 39% of cells harbored the 12p tetrasomy., Conclusion: Combined clinical examination, G-banded chromosomal karyotyping, FISH and microarray analysis can delineate the origin and fragments of small supernumerary marker chromosomes and diagnose PKS with precision.

Objective: To investigate the value of maternal plasma cell-free fetal DNA (cff-DNA) examination in detection of fetal chromosomal aneuploidy in pregnant women at advanced maternal ages during the first trimester of pregnancy., Methods: A total of 136 pregnant women (11 to 13+6 gestational weeks) with advanced maternal ages were screened for fetal chromosomal aneuploidy with ultrasound and maternal plasma cff-DNA examination during March 1, 2011 to August 31, 2013, and the results were then confirmed by karyotype analysis and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH)., Results: Of the 136 women examined, cff-DNA screening detected chromosomal aneuploidy in 5 cases, including trisome-21 in 3 cases, trisome-18 in 1 case, and 45,X in 1 case as confirmed subsequently by karyotype analysis. Ultrasound screening reported a normal finding in one case of trisomy-21, thickening of the NT in the case of trisomy-18, and fetal anasarca in the case of 45,X. Karyotype analysis and follow-up of the women did not find chromosomal abnormality in the 131 negative cases screened by cff-DNA detection., Conclusion: Screening of material plasma cff-DNA allows accurate and early detection of fetal chromosomal aneuploidy in women of advanced maternal ages to avoid unnecessary invasive antenatal examinations.

Objective: To evaluate associations between carbon constituents of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and atherogenic index of plasma (AIP)., Methods: We collected subjects from two communities by a system sampling, and 112 people aged over 60 years old without cardiovascular disease were recruited. The levels of cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) of objects, and personal exposure to PM2.5 were measured on December, 2011. Total carbon (TC), organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) of PM2.5 were detected and AIP was calculated according to its definition., Results: The value of AIP among the 112 subjects was 0.05 ± 0.26. Personal exposure concentration of PM2.5 and its carbon components (TC,OC and EC) were (164.75 ± 110.67), (53.86 ± 29.65), (44.93 ± 26.37) and (9.49 ± 5.75) µg/m(3), respectively. The Pearson analysis showed the linear relationship between TC,OC,EC and AIP, all significant positive correlations. The correlation coefficients were TC (r = 0.307, P < 0.05),OC (r = 0.287, P < 0.05) and EC (r = 0.252, P < 0.05), respectively. The multiple logistic regression analysis showed that when the AIP risk categories were selected as dependent variable and low risk group as reference group, the regression coefficient of TC,OC and EC was separately 1.03 (95%CI:1.01-1.05), 1.03 (95%CI:1.01-1.05), 1.12 (95%CI:1.02-1.22) in the high risk group; while there was no statistical significance of the regression coefficient and OR in the middle risk group., Conclusion: There was stable associations between the carbon constituents (TC,OC and EC) of fine Particulate Matter (PM2.5) and AIP. The findings suggested that carbon components of PM2.5 should be considered as risk factors of atherogenic.

Objective: To compare the difference of the dose distribution in clinical target volume and organ at risk (OAR) between coplanar decile field intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) and conventional three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT) for postoperative radiotherapy of cervical cancer., Methods: Ten postoperative patients with cervical cancer were selected randomly to undergo CT scan and planning target volume (PTV) and OAR contouring. 3D-CRT and coplanar decile IMRT planning was performed for each patient with a prescribed dose of 50 Gy. The homogeneity index (HI), conformity index (CI), maximum dose, minimum dose, mean dose of PTV, and irradiated volume of OARs were calculated and the results were compared., Results: 5-field IMRT, 7-field IMRT and 9-field IMRT plans had a significant better conformity index (CI) of PTV compared with 3D-CRT (P<0.05) . Compared with 3D-CRT plans , V30, V40, and V50 of the bladder, V50 of the small bowel, and V30, V40, and V50 of the rectum in the coplanar decile IMRT plans were all significantly reduced (P<0.05) but showed no significant differences among the IMRT plans (P>0.05)., Conclusion: Coplanar decile IMRT plans is superior to 3D-CRT plan in terms of the conformity index (CI) of the PTV and sparing the bladder, rectum and small bowel. Seven-field and 9-field IMRT do not warrant more benefits than 5-field IMRT, and the latter can significantly reduce the treatment time and costs.