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Jinan, called as "the city of thousands of springs", is famous for its large number of springs. The saying "the seventy-two famous springs in Jinan top those elsewhere" reflects a profound spring culture with a long history. Therefore, spring water conservation and research are very important. However, in Baotu Spring Group, the reduction of water level and spring flow in the dry season have to be faced with . The direct recharge area and the major leakage zone in the region of Baotu Spring are important recharge areas for karst groundwater. Especially, the major leakage zone is an important supply channel for spring water. As a natural river leakage zone with a large watershed area and better inflow conditions, the Yufu river is one of the major leakage zones in the region of Baotu Spring. Besides, by increasing the water replenishment capacity of major leakage zones with external water replenishment, the water system connection project of Wohushan Reservoir and Jinxiucheng Reservoir can transport and replenish water to the Yufu river. Taking the main river as a research focus, we delimited the protection range of the major leakage zone of the Yufu river. In order to finish the delimitation, we analyzed the water replenishment function of leakage and adopted the techniques such as RS, GPS, GS, geophysical surveys and hydrogeological tests and LSDPV method. Meanwhile, the calculation by the method of variation parameters shows that the average recharge of nature groundwater in the major leakage zone of the Yufu river has reached 12.90 million m3 for recent years, becoming an important recharge source for karst groundwater. The water replenishment effect in the major leakage zone of the Yufu river has been achieved mainly by raising the karst groundwater level in the western area so as to prevent the westward diversion of groundwater in the northern runoff process in the southern mountainous area of Baotu Spring. In this process, the groundwater is concentrated in the spring outcropping area, and hence the spring discharge may increase. On the condition of protecting the nature infiltration of leakage zone, we can fully explore the water replenishment function and increase the replenishment of major leakage zones of the Yufu river by water diversion, ecological restoration and pollution control. The research finding shows that delimiting major protection areas for leakage zones is important for us to ensure the continuous gushing of springs. This study also provides a basis for the accurate and scientific protection of springs as well as technical support for urban development planning and protection of the famous springs in Jinan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A strain of microorganism that demonstrated efficient nitrogen removal potential under low C/N conditions was screened from landfill leachate. The strain was identified as Galactomyces candidum by ITS sequencing, and growth density and removal of ammonia nitrogen were assessed after 24 h of incubation. The results showed that the optimum ammonia nitrogen reduction conditions for G. candidum was at pH 8.0 and 30 t, with a C/N ratio of 1.5; the highest rate of ammonia nitrogen removal was 93.1%. This novel function of G. candidum offers great potential in the removal of ammonia nitrogen from sewage, especially in low C/N wastewater. Our study provides a new theoretical basis for the industrial application of microorganism in the biochemical treatment of wastewater and reduces environmental pollution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]