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BackgroundLong-term exposure to whole-body vibration (WBV) will affect the health of occupational drivers. However, research on the characteristics of WBV exposure by urban bus drivers and health risk evaluation is still insufficient. ObjectiveTo identify the characteristics of occupational WBV exposure of bus drivers serving 31 bus routes provided by three branches of Haikou Public Transport Group, and to evaluate their occupational health risks related to WBV. MethodsA total of 31 out of 142 bus routes run by three branches of Haikou Public Transport Group were selected to monitor WBV exposure of 31 bus drivers during driving. WBV parameters such as triaxial frequency weighted acceleration (awx, awy, awz) and triaxial crest factor (CFx, CFy, CFz) of the drivers were determined with a six-channel human vibration meter. Two methods, 8-hour daily value of the weighted root mean square average weighted vibration [A(8)] based on aw and 8-hour daily value of vibration dose [VDV(8)] based on vibration dose value (VDV), were used for health risk assessment and classified WBV health risk results into three levels (high, medium, and low) by the exposure action value (EAV) and exposure limit values (ELV) for A(8) and VDV(8) recommended by ISO 2631-1:1997. The two evaluation methods, A(8) and VDV(8), were compared by Fisher's exact test. ResultsRegarding the WBV parameters, the vector sum of acceleration (av) was 0.321-0.680 m·s−2, the VDV of monitoring interval was 3.824-10.174 m·s−1.75, and the VDV(8) was 6.039-13.505 m·s−1.75; their values in mean ± standard deviation were (0.480±0.100) m·s−2, (6.987±2.737) m·s−1.75, and (9.773±4.540) m·s−1.75, respectively. Positive correlations were found between awx and awz, av and awz, CFx and CFy, CFy and CFz. No bus route's WBV exposure level was graded as high health risk by either A(8) or VDV(8). The number of routes graded as low health risk by A(8) was 26, while the number by VDV(8) was 12. The consistency rates of health risk levels evaluated by the two methods were 66.7% (6/9), 54.6% (6/11), and 45.5% (5/11) for the three bus group branches, respectively. The difference in WBV health risk assessment results between the two evaluation methods was not statistically significant. ConclusionPositive correlations are found between triaxial acceleration and triaxial crest factor. There is no difference in the results of using A(8) and VDV(8) to evaluate health risks of WBV in urban bus routes.

In order to understand the difference in microbial diversity between wild and cultivated Anemone altaica rhizosphere soils, Illumina MiSeq high-throughput sequencing technology was used to study the microbial composition and diversity in rhizosphere soils between wild and cultivated A. altaica. The results were as follows: (1) Alpha diversity analysis showed that the diversity of fungi in the rhizosphere soil of wild A. altaica was significantly higher than that of cultivated A. altaica (P0.05). The non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) analysis revealed that the fungal community structures of wild and cultivated A. altaica rhizosphere soils had more significant differences. (2) A total of 9 566 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) of bacteria belonged to 39 phyla, 127 classes, 315 orders, 500 families and 886 genera, and 2 670 OTUs of fungi belonged to 15 phyla, 57 classes, 138 orders, 293 families and 597 genera. The bacterial phylum Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria and the fungal phylum Basidiomycota, Ascomycota, Mortierellomycota were the dominant phyla in the rhizosphere soil between wild and cultivated plants, but their relative abundance was different under different growth modes. At genus level, Candidatus_Udaeobacter, norank_f_Xanthobacteraceae and Rokubacteriales were the dominant rhizosphere soil bacteria of wild Anemone altaica. However, Candidatus_Udaeobacter, Vicinamibacter and Rokubacteriales were the dominant rhizosphere soil bacteria of cultivated Anemone altaica. The dominant rhizosphere fungi of wild A. altaica were Mortierella, Sebacina and Russula, while the dominant rhizosphere fungi of cultivated Anemone altaica were Sebacina, Mortierella and unclassified_f_Hyaloscyphaceae. (3) The redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that soil organic matter was the main factor affecting soil bacterial community (P < 0.05), and soil pH, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen and available phosphorus were the main factors affecting fungi communities (P < 0.05), while bacterial community structure were not significantly correlated with soil pH, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen and available phosphorus (P > 0.05). In summary, this study reveales significant differences in the composition and diversity of rhizosphere microbial communities between wild and cultivated A. altaica, which may be closely related to the physicochemical properties of soils under different growing conditions. The results of this study have certain significance for scientific planting and soil improvement of A. altaica.

Objective To observe the primary tumor of tree shrews and to provide a basis for studying the pathogenesis and prevention of trichoepithelioma.Methods A tumor was discovered in the chest and abdomen of a tree shrew during natural cultivation. The tree shrew was anesthetized, and the tumor was surgically removed. Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining and immunohistochemical staining were performed on the tumor tissue after paraffin section, and the tumor cells were isolated and cultured by passage. The isolated tumor cells were subcutaneously injected into healthy tree shrews and nude mice. The tumorigenesis of tumor cells in vivo was observed once a day, with nude mice continuously observed for 2 months and tree shrews observed for more than 6 months.Results HE staining showed that the basal cells in the dermis were arranged as a whole, like a string of petals, forming nests and stripe-like structures with clear boundaries. The observation results after magnification revealed that the tumor cells were arranged in a pallisade-like and basal pattern, with deep nuclear staining and minimal cytoplasmic. Immunohistochemical staining showed the high expression of CK protein and low proportion expression of ki-67 protein in tumor cells, as well as the high expression of vimentin and low expressions of Bcl2 and CD10 in tumor cell mesenchyme. The isolated tumor cells grew well in DMEM medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum and could be cultured by passage, but no tumor formation was observed in healthy tree shrews and nude mice inoculated with tumor cells.Conclusion Combined with the location of the tumor, overall morphology, HE staining, and immunohistochemical results, the thoracoabdominal mass of the tree shrew was diagnosed as a trichoepithelioma.

【Objective】Biogas slurry fertilizer is a kind of high quality organic liquid fertilizer, and the application of organic fertilizer in cotton fields in Xinjiang is less or no. This study was conducted to explore the effects of foliar spraying biogas slurry fertilizer on the growth, yield and quality of cotton in oasis of Xinjiang.【Method】Four concentration gradients of biogas slurry fertilizer were set: Cotton foliar spraying experiment was carried out at 0 kg/hm2 (CK), 15 kg/hm2 (OM1), 30 kg/hm2 (OM2), 45 kg/hm2 (OM3). After spraying at bud stage and flowering stage, cotton plant height, leaf number and leaf width were investigated, and dry matter weight of each organ of cotton was weighed. The effects of biogas slurry fertilizer spraying on cotton growth, yield and quality were studied by measuring chlorophyll content of functional leaves and analyzing yield and quality indexes.【Result】(1) Application of biogas slurry fertilizer could promote the growth of cotton, significantly increase the plant height, leaf number and leaf width of cotton, and the growth indexes of cotton treated with OM2 (30 kg/hm2) were better. (2) The dry matter weight of stem, leaf, bud (boll) and root was significantly increased by applying biogas slurry fertilizer. The dry matter weight in various organs of cotton increased with the increase of spraying concentration at bud stage. After spraying at flowering stage, only the dry matter of leaves increased with the increase of spraying concentration. (3) Spraying biogas slurry fertilizer on leaves can increase the chlorophyll content of cotton leaves. From bud stage to flowering stage, the SPAD values of leaves in OM2 treatment was between 63.35 and 71.55, with the smallest change over time. (4) With the increase of biogas slurry fertilizer application rate, cotton yield first increased and then decreased, and OM2 treatment had the highest seed cotton yield (6 338 kg/hm2) which increased by 7.37% compared with the CK. The application of biogas slurry fertilizer showed that the overall quality of cotton fiber was improved, and the length, uniformity and Macronaire value of cotton fiber were improved. With the increase of biogas slurry fertilizer application amount, the length of cotton fiber showed a downward trend. The uniformity and Micronaire valu e of fiber increased first and then decreased. The breaking strength decreased first and then increased, and the lowest value was 31.78 cN/tex under OM2 treatment.【Conclusion】In the oasis cotton planting area of Xinjiang, spraying biogas slurry fertilizer on the leaf surface of cotton at bud stage and flowering stage promoted the growth of cotton, and was beneficial to maintain the chlorophyll content (SPAD values) of functional cotton leaves. Suitable for spraying biogas slurry fertilizer, can improve cotton yield and quality, but excessive spraying biogas slurry fertilizer (OM3: 45 kg/hm2) will reduce cotton yield.

In this study, headspace solid-phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) and electronic nose technology were used to analyze the volatile components of the fruit from nine pomegranate (Punica granatum) cultivars grown in southern Xinjiang. The conditions for solid-phase microextraction were optimized. The optimal conditions for headspace solid-phase microextraction were as follows: salt concentration 0.3 g/mL, extraction time 45 min, and extraction temperature 45 °C. The electronic nose detected differences in the volatile components of the fruit among the pomegranate cultivars. A total of 73 compounds were detected from the nine pomegranate fruit samples by HS-SPME-GC-MS, comprising 23 terpenes, 16 alcohols, 3 esters, 15 aldehydes, 5 ketones, 8 acids, and 3 others. Thus, six types of volatile components were distinguished, with a relative content of 63.11%~92.32%, which comprised the main constituents of the volatile components of Xinjiang pomegranate fruit. In each of the nine cultivars, 2, 6, 0, 1, 3, 3, 3, 3, and 3 unique volatile components were detected, hence each cultivar had a unique complement of fruit volatiles. The results could provide a reference for fruit quality evaluation and utilization of pomegranate cultivars in Xinjiang.

Sudden transition is a widely existing phenomenon in engineering practice. When the state of the system experiences sudden abrupt transition, calculus-based traditional mathematical modeling methods has low accuracy. Although theoretically, machine learning algorithms, such as artificial neural networks, can approximate any nonlinear function, this type of black-box method makes no reasonable explanation for the sudden transition phenomenon. The cusp catastrophe model based on the catastrophe theory can be applied to explain the discontinuous changes in the system’s state. However, the construction of traditional cusp catastrophe models is often based on large amounts of prior knowledge to select the input variables for modeling. On the condition that there is a lack of prior knowledge and comparatively large dimensions of input variables, the model has high complexity and poor accuracy. In this paper we have put forward a two-step method for constructing a cusp catastrophe model based on the selection of variables to solve the abovementioned problems. The first step was to apply multimodel ensemble important variable selection (MEIVS) to quantify the importance of the variables to be selected and extract important variables. The second step was to use the extracted important variables to construct a cusp catastrophe model based on the framework of maximum likelihood estimation (MLE). Results indicate that on a dataset with characteristics of catastrophe, the cusp catastrophe model is simple in form using the MEIVS dimensionality reduction algorithm and outperforms the unreduced cusp catastrophe model and reduced cusp catastrophe model using other dimensionality reduction algorithms in terms of evaluation indicators. This shows that the algorithm proposed in this paper have improved the accuracy and reduced the complexity of the cusp catastrophe model. At the same time, the cusp catastrophe model exhibits higher accuracy compared with the linear and logistic models. Thus, it can be used to explain the discontinuous changes of the research object, and it has a practical engineering significance.

BackgroundMetallic nickel and nickel compounds are classified as possibly carcinogic and carninogic to humans respectively, but the exact carcinogenic mechanism has not been clarified.ObjectiveTo analyze the carcinogenic research trend and hotspots of nickel and nickel compounds, and provide research directions for this topic.MethodsLiterature search on the carcinogenesis of nickel and nickel compounds was conducted through authoritative databases at home and abroad: Wanfang, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, PubMed at the US National Library of Medicine, and Elsevier’s biomedical research database EMBASE. VOS viewer 1.6.17 visual analysis software was applied to perform the bibliometric analysis and present results with charts on annual number of publications, distribution of author’s affiliations, country/region distribution, journal distribution, and keywords of literature that meet a predetermined inclusion criteria.ResultsA total of 242 Chinese documents and 878 foreign documents (languages included English, German, and Japanese) related to the carcinogenic research of nickel and nickel compounds were found. In terms of Chinese articles, the earliest publication of relevant research was in 1974; Guangzhou Medical University (including Guangzhou Medical College and Institute of Chemical Carcinogenesis of Guangzhou Medical College) was the institution that published most articles in this field (35 articles); Industrial Health and Occupational Diseases was the journal that published the most articles (19 articles). In terms of foreign articles, the earliest publication was in 1950; the United States ranked the country having the highest number of published articles (304 articles), and China took the second place (83 articles); Cancer Research was the journal that published the most articles (40 articles). The keyword co-occurrence analysis showed that the domestic studies on the carcinogenesis of nickel and nickel compounds mainly focused on nickel smelting fume, nickel sulfate, nickel chloride, and other nickel and its compounds in association with DNA damage, DNA methylation, induction of human bronchial epithelial cell transformation, and other carcinogenic mechanisms. The international studies focused on population epidemiological studies on occupational risk factors, incidence, and mortality on carcinogenesis of nickel and nickel compounds, and studies on histone modification, oxidative stress, DNA damage, cell transformation, and other carcinogenic mechanisms.ConclusionStudies have shown that the hotspots of carcinogenic research on nickel and nickel compounds involved studies on carcinogenic mechanisms related to DNA damage, DNA methylation, histone modification, oxidative stress, and induction of human bronchial epithelial cell transformation, and population epidemiological studies on occupational risk factors, incidence, and mortality. In recent years, the number of published articles on the carcinogenesis of nickel and its compounds in China has been decreasing. In view of the large number of occupational nickel-exposed population in China, more efforts should be made to study the carcinogenesis of nickel and nickel compounds in the future.

Smart health technologies have been increasingly used in chronic disease management, and become an important way foroptimizing the health management behaviors in patients with chronic diseases. Based on a review of studies about healthcare-seeking behaviors in Chinese patients with chronic diseases and the framework of the Andersen's Behavioral Model of Healthcare Utilization, we summarized that healthcare-seeking behaviors in these patients are associated with predisposing, enabling, and need factors, with enabling factors (economic status and education level) being the key determinant. Therefore, it is necessary to utilize the advantages of care delivery modes using smart health technologies to integrate media resources for health knowledge education, strengthen the social support for vulnerable groups and optimize the cooperation between multiple care delivery groups. The implementation of these strategies will contribute to the empowerment of people with chronic diseases, optimizing their healthcare-seeking behaviors, and making effective use of health service resources.

Using ERA5 reanalysis data， cloud characteristic parameters retrieved by FY-4A satellite data， wind and rainfall data of ground automatic weather stations， a regional rainstorm accompany with short-term heavy rainfall in southeastern Liaoning Province from May 17 to 19， 2020 is studied in detail.The results show that northeast cold vortex superimposed on the strong northward development of the cyclone is the main weather situation in this process.The short-term heavy rainfall occurs when the cold vortex is close to mature and the cyclone is strongly developed.The local ground convergent shear line is the mesoscale condition leading to short-term heavy precipitation.The water vapor transporting channel on the southeast side of the cold vortex merges with the water vapor transported to north through the South China Sea by the southwestern low-level jet on the east side of the tropical depression， which comes from Bengal Bay.This has become the necessary condition for the occurrence and maintenance of the rainstorm.The precipitation in the central and eastern part of Liaoning Province appears in the northeast-north-northwest region of the cold vortex system.The precipitation area has the highest correlation with the 850 hPa wind field.In the generation and maintenance stage of precipitation， the convergence area appears below 700 hPa， and the divergence occurs between 600 and 200 hPa.Where the rainfall intensity is greater than 5 mm·h-1， the updrafts ascend approximately upright through the whole wet layer.There is a dense pseudo equivalent potential temperature tilt above the precipitation areas toward the northwest， and a thermal instability exits below 400 hPa.The cold vortex develops to a mature stage， and the intrusion of dry and cold air makes the inner edge of cold vortex clouds clear gradually， forming a comma-shaped clouds.The heavy precipitation area is distributed in strips， the cloud top height is generally greater than 9 km， and the cloud optical thickness is greater than 60， which is a cold-warm mixed cloud with abundant hydrometeor content； The cloud optical thickness far away from the center of the cold vortex is less than 20， where the cloud is loose and belongs to a high-level cold cloud， and there is basically no precipitation on the ground.

Aiming at improving the accuracy of radar signal recognition under a low signal-to-noise ratio, a radar signal recognition algorithm based both on time-frequency image and high-order spectrum feature was proposed.Firstly, the time-frequency image was obtained by Choi-Williams distribution (CWD) transform, based on which the time-frequency image was preprocessed and the texture features were extracted by gray level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) in sequence.Meanwhile, the symmetrical holder coefficient was used to extract the high-order spectral features of the signal.Then, the texture features and high-order spectrum features were form a new set of joint feature vectors.Finally, with the proposed feature vector the classification and recognition of radar signals were implemented by a support vector machine.The algorithm was verified on the data set with eight typical radar signals.Experimental results show that the recognition accuracy of different radar signals can achieve higher than 90% when the signal-to-noise ratio is -8 dB.

To explore the general law of dynamic accumulation of the effective components in Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni, the contents of steviol glycosides, chlorogenic acids and flavonoids were investigated during the growth period. The leaf samples of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni cultivar Puxing 6 from July 24 to October 16, 2018 were used as the subjects of high performance liquid chromatography analysis. In order to study clarification methods through analyzing the clarification rate and retention rate of three steviol glycosides and six chlorogenic acids, water extract of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni was clarified by using five kinds of flocculants such as chitosan hydrochloride, chitosan quaternary ammonium, polyaluminum chloride (white), polyaluminum chloride (yellow) and ferrous sulfate plus calcium hydroxide. The results indicated that biomass showed an increased trend, and the contents of steviol glycosides showed a small fluctuation. The accumulation of chlorogenic acids and flavonoids was closely related to the growth period, and the contents presented decreased-increased-stabilized-decreased trend. The contents of steviol glycosides, chlorogenic acids and flavonoids reached the highest value from September 18 to October 2, which were 168.74, 73.78 and 14.88 mg/g respectively. According to the production and effective components, the optimal harvest time of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni in Bazhou district of Xinjiang province should be from mid-September to early October. Different flocculants presented different clarification effects on water extract, and flocculating treatment of chitosan hydrochloride showed the highest retention rate of nine indicative components. The optimum condition obtained for chitosan hydrochloride were the dosage of 0.45 g/L and 45 ℃ temperature, and a clarification rate reached 89.39%. Chitosan hydrochloride could be used as a suitable flocculant for separation and purification of steviol glycosides and chlorogenic acids in water extract of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni.

Taking the PM2.5 heavy air pollution event that lasted for 4 days in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region from March 2 to 5 in 2021 as an example, we analyze mainly the impact of anomalous high pressure over the North Pacific on the air pollution in this region by using the PM2.5 mass concentration grid data, daily city air quality index (AQI), NCEP reanalysis data, sea surface temperature and the HYSPLIT trajectory tracking model. The main results are as follow. (1) The stability and maintenance of the anomalous warm high pressure system over the North Pacific at 500 hPa is favorable for the formation of air pollution in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region. When this region is located on the west of the anomalous high pressure system and controlled by southerly winds in ground level, the air pollutants will be difficult to diffuse. (2) The anomalous high-pressure system at 850 hPa guides the warm and wet airflow from the Northwest Pacific to Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region and therefore increases the low-level temperature and humidity, which hinders the vertical diffusion and accelerates the hygroscopic growth of air pollutants. (3) The anomalous high pressure is positively correlated with the sea surface temperature in the central and western parts of the North Pacific and negatively correlated with the sea surface temperature in the central and eastern equatorial Pacific. This anomalous high pressure system, along with surface southerly wind, is an important indicator for air pollution in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region.

Many research focused on the characteristics of warm-sector rainstorms in South China during past decades. The rainstorms occurring in warm sectors show abrupt and significantly localized characteristics. The triggering mechanism is complex due to weak synoptic baroclinic forcing, strong environmental instability, as well as external forcing including special topography features and land-sea difference. Nowdays the forecast skills of numerical weather prediction models are still limited. The synoptic characteristics of warm-sector rainstorm in South China have been studied since 1980s, and the development characteristics of convective systems in the warm region have been summarized. It is revealed that the extreme precipitation events in the warm region were closely related to the development of the quasi-stationary linear convection systems. Recently, through several scientific experiments in South China, further scientific understanding has achieved on the convective process, boundary layer physics and cloud physics related to the development of warm-sector rainstorms in South China. Based on the observational analysis of boundary level jet and surface cool pool evolution near coastal area of South China, the convective triggering mechanism has been more clearly understood than before. The studies on the torrential warm-sector rainstorms in recent 40 years are reviewed in this article. The synoptic condition and dynamics of warm-sector rainstorms are analyzed, such as the first proposing of the concept for warm-sector rainstorms in different areas and its multi-scale synoptic characteristics, the relationship between the rainstorm in warm sector and Low Level Jet(LLJ), the development characteristics of meso-scale convective system(MCS). Finally, scientific problems are proposed for further studies.

Torrential rain is one of the most important disaster severe weather in China. Forecasting it is not only the key point but also the difficulty in operation. The heavy rain forecasting operation in National Meteorological Center has been developed from the traditional method of subjective extrapolation based on synoptics and statistics on weather map analysis to the modern method of numerical prediction. It is emphasized that the scientific problems of rainstorm forecast are extracted from the practice of forecasting, not from literatures. It is highlighted that forecasters are the initiators of the study on scientific problems of rainstorm and the first participants in solving practical problems. The close combination of forecast and service is an important part of meteorological development with Chinese characteristics, and the important role of National Meteorological Center and the Institute of Heavy Rain and other units in the CMA in rainstorm forecast and research and China's response to sudden natural disasters are fully affirmed. It is clear that the forecast of rainstorm and other disasters is aimed at serving the people, society, economic development and national security. Some perspectives are discussed on how to improve the accuracy of rainstorm forecast from the following aspects:training and improving forecaster's scientific research and practical ability, multi-source observation data application, technology development of mesoscale numerical prediction model and ensemble model, and validation and improvement of revision ability, artificial intelligence technology application.

Most of existing recommendation models constructed pairwise samples only from a user’s perspective.Nevertheless,they overlooked the functional relationships among items--A key factor that could significantly influence user purchase decision-making process.To this end,a co-pairwise ranking model was proposed,which modeled a user’s preference for a given item as the combination of user-item interactions and item-item complementarity relationships.Considering that the rank position of positive sample and the negative sampler had a direct impact on the rate of convergence,a rank-aware learning algorithm was devised for optimizing the proposed model.Extensive experiments on four real-word datasets are conducted to evaluate of the proposed model.The experimental results demonstrate that the devised algorithm significantly outperforms a series of state-of-the-art recommendation algorithms in terms of multiple evaluation metrics.

Based on IPv6 overlay network,two key technologies,multihoming and multipath routing were analyzed.According to logic functions,architectures of overlay nodes were presented.The mechanism of multipath traffic proportion of IPv6 overlay network was discussed on emphasis.A simplified scheme of traffic proportion according to path bandwidth was proposed,and the design and implementation of the scheme were carried out.Experimental results show that the efficiency of the algorithm of multipath traffic proportion is much higher than that of single path,and the advantage is more obvious with increasing data packets.

A data distribution strategy based on the X-RDP code was presented for correcting triple storage failures, which is an extension of the double-erasure-correcting RDP code. A theoretical proof that the X-RDP code is an MDS code was given by using algebraic definition. The encoding and decoding procedures were described by geometrical line graphs, which were easily implemented by soft hardware. The theoretical analysis shows that the comprehensive proper-ties of the X-RDP codeis better than other popular MDS codes in encoding and decoding efficiency, small writes and bal-ance performance, thus the X-RDP code is practically meaningful for storage systems.

Aimed at the traditional OFDM communication system fails when the channel was frequency-selective,rapidly fading and had the Doppler effects,resulting in inter-carrier interference,a orthogonal multi-carrier system for underwater acoustic communication was proposed,which employed orthogonal signal basis of the chirp type corresponding to the fractional Fourier transform (FRFT) signal basis.The scheme used the orthogonal LFM signal as sub-carrier to modulate,which had same chirp rate but different center frequency with overlapped bandwidth,and used fractional Fourier transform for modulation and demodulation method to transmit information.For suppression of the multi-paths channel effect,the guard interval (GI) was used between signal data frame.And the position correction in fractional domain method combining with QDPSK was proposed to suppress the Doppler effects,which simplified the system complexity.The communication scheme had the characteristic of high communication rate,and the maximum rate was up to 3 600bit/s.The effectiveness and reliability of this system was verified through a large number of simulation and lake experiments.

Objective To observe the expressions of heat shock 27 ⁃ associated protein 1 (HSPBAP1) and echinoderm microtubule⁃associated protein⁃like 5 (EML5) in cerebrospinal fluid of drug⁃ resistant epilepsy, and to explore the value in early diagnosis of epilepsy. Methods According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 79 patients admitted in Department of Neurology, Hubei Xinhua Hospital and the First and Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University were divided into drug ⁃ resistant epilepsy group (n = 39) and non⁃epileptic control group (n = 40). Cerebrospinal fluid (every sample 4 ml) were collected by lumbar puncture specimens, and HSPBAP1 and EML5 were detected by sandwich enzyme⁃linked immunosorbent assays. SPSS 13.0 software was used for statistical analysis, and P ≤ 0.05 indicated significant differences. Results The expressions of HSPBAP1 and EML5 were 0.17 ± 0.03 and 0.13 ± 0.02 in drug⁃resistant epilepsy group, while were 0.10 ± 0.03 and 0.08 ± 0.02 in non⁃epileptic control group. There was significant difference between 2 groups (t = 3.239, P = 0.002; t = 3.294, P = 0.002, respectively). Conclusion The expressions of HSPBAP1 and EML5 were increased in drug ⁃ resistant epilepsy patients. This provides a new way for early diagnosis of drug⁃resistant epilepsy． DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1672⁃6731.2012.05.014

Objective: to investigate the effects of endostar, a recombined humanized endostatin, on the growth, lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic metastasis of Lewis lung carcinoma xenograft in mice., Methods: lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) xenograft were established in C57 mice by intravenous transplantation of 1 × 10(6) cells. Then tumor-bearing mice were assigned into two groups: control group received caudal vein injections of 0.2 ml of 0.9% sodium chloride for 15 days, and treatment group received 500 µg endostar daily. Six weeks after LLC cell injection mice were sacrificed, and then tumor numbers and size were recorded. The expression of vascular endothelial growth factor-c (VEGF-C) and microlymphatic vessel density (MLVD) were observed by immunohistochemical staining., Results: tumor number and size of control group were significantly higher than those of treatment group. The microlymphatic vessel density (MLVD) was 5.7 ± 1.6 in the treatment group, which was markedly lower than in the control mice (7.8 ± 1.6). Two lymph node metastases were observed in treatment group, and eight in control group. Lymphatic metastases were more frequent in control group than in treatment group. Expression of VEGF-C in control group was significantly higher than that in treatment group., Conclusion: endostar significantly inhibits the growth, lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic metastasis of Lewis lung carcinoma xenografts, and the inhibitory effect is due to its ability to regulate the expression of VEGF-C of tumors in part.

Objective: This is an investigation made in Korean population with regard to the distribution of the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in calpain-10 gene that was discovered in Mexican American., Methods: By utilizing the techniques of polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP), the authors analyzed the polymorphisms for calpain-10 SNP-43, -19 and -63 genotype, evaluated the gene types, and calculated their frequencies and combined genotypes in 312 healthy Korean., Results: The calpain-10 UCSNP-43 genotype frequencies for types 1/1, 1/2, and 2/2 were found to be 86.2%, 13.5%, and 0.3% respectively, with the allele frequencies 0.930 for G and 0.070 for A. The UCSNP-19 genotype frequencies were 9.9% for type 1/1, 44.6% for type 1/2, 45.5% for type 2/2, with the allele frequencies 0.322 for D and 0.678 for I. The UCSNP-63 genotype frequencies were 57.4% for type of 1/1, 35.9% for type of 1/2, 6.7% for type of 2/2, with the allele frequencies 0.754 for C and 0.246 for T. All of the gene distributions matched the equilibrium law of Hardy-Weinberg. A total of 12 genotype combinations of three SNPs were observed in Korean. Seventy-five point six per cent of the Korean was composed of three genotype combinations in the order of UCSNP-43,-19 and -63, i.e., GG-DI-CC(haplotype combination 111/121, frequency=10.6%, GG-DI-CT(haplotype combination 112/121, frequency=28.8%), and GG-II-CC(haplotype combination 121/121, frequency=36.2%)., Conclusion: The distribution of SNPs in calpain-10 gene in Korean is similar to that in Chinese and Japanese, but different from that reported in Caucasian, American Mexicans and American Pima Indians.