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In order to evaluate the effect of lactic acid (LA)-assisted low-temperature plasma on the preservation of yellow-feathered broiler carcass, single factor experiments and response surface methodology were used to investigate total viable count (TVC), coliform count (CC) and fat oxidation value as a function of three variables, namely LA concentration (V/V), discharge voltage, and discharge time. Microbiological, physicochemical, and quality indicators of chicken were determined during storage after sterilization under optimized conditions. The results showed that the optimal sterilization parameters were LA concentration of 2.0%, discharge voltage of 150 kV, and discharge time of 115 s. Under these conditions, the TVC and CC on the surface of chicken and its fat oxidation value were 3.02, 1.00 (lg(CFU/g)) and 0.58 mg/kg, respectively. On the 7th day of storage, the inhibitory effects of LA-assisted low-temperature plasma on TVC and CC increased by 26.75% and 19.72% compared with those of LA, by 34.51% and 24.87% compared with those of low-temperature plasma, respectively, and the combination decreased the total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N) content by 27.35% and 12.25% compared with single treatments with LA and low-temperature plasma, respectively. In addition, the combination treatment delayed the increase in pH of chicken during storage, improved the texture, and significantly slowed down the deterioration of sensory quality (P < 0.05). Low-temperature plasma treatment increased the fat oxidation value at the early stage (from day 1 to 3) of storage, but did not have a significant impact on the sensory evaluation of meat in terms of odor or color. Overall, LA combined with low-temperature plasma was more effective in preserving yellow-feathered broiler carcass than either alone.

Instant rice with added coarse grain (IR/CG) is a new type of coarse grain product which is self-heating and convenient to eat and has the nutritional value of coarse grains. However, its health effects are not clear yet. Therefore, in this study, the effect of IR/CG on glucose and lipid metabolism was explored in mice with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) induced by high fat diet (HFD) combined with intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. The mice were fed on HFD alone (model), its mixture with IR/CG in different ratios: 25% (low-dose IR/CG, IR/CG-L), 50% (medium-dose IR/CG, IR/CG-M), and 75% (high-dose IR/CG, IR/CG-H), IR/CG alone, or a basal diet (control). During the dietary intervention, the body mass, fasting blood glucose, food intake and glucose tolerance of the mice were measured. After the IR/CG intervention for four weeks, the organ coefficients were calculated, and the pathological changes in liver and pancreas tissues were examined by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining. Fasting insulin levels, blood glucose and lipid levels, and proinflammatory cytokines levels were determined. The experimental results showed that dietary supplementation of IR/CG improved blood glucose and lipid levels in T2DM mice to different extents, and this effect was more prominent in the IR/CG-H and IR/CG groups. In addition, IR/CG-H and IR/CG significantly mitigated insulin resistance, decreased insulin secretion, glucagon and HbA1c levels, and reduced oxidative stress injury and inflammatory cytokine levels in T2DM mice. By analyzing the organ index and pathological sections of liver and pancreas tissues, it was found that IR/CG intervention could effectively alleviate liver steatosis and partially restore the structure of the pancreatic islets in mice. Therefore, the substitution of high-fat diet by IR/CG has a significant effect on regulating blood glucose and lipids in T2DM mice, which can provide a theoretical basis for the development of self-heating rice products and functional foods with coarse-grain.