Objective: To compare the influence extrusive and Fogarty balloon catheter embolectomy on the patency rate of bloodstream and the damage of the wall of vein in acute femoral vein thrombosis., Methods: Eighty rabbits were randomly divided into 4 groups: Group A (n = 25) undergoing ligation of unilateral femoral to establish acute femoral vein thrombosis model and treated by extrusion of the hind leg muscles 24 h after the operation, Group B (n = 25) treated by Fogarty balloon catheter embolectomy 24 h after establishment of the thrombosis model, Group C (n = 25) undergoing sham operation, and Group D (n = 5) as normal controls.7, 14, and 28 days after the treatment digital subtraction angiography (DSA) was conducted to observe the patency rate of the vessel.1, 4, 7, 14, and 28 days after the treatment specimens of the thrombotic and corresponding sections of the veins were collected from the 4 groups (on days 1 and 7 for Group D) to undergo transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Quantitative reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the level of tissue thromboplastin (TF). ELISA was used to detect the levels of thromboxane B(2), (TXB(2)) and 6-keto-prostaglandin F1alpha (PGF1alpha)., Results: Occlusion was seen in 3 femoral veins of Group B and one femoral vein of Group (P < 0.01), and the other veins were all patent. TEM and SEM showed that the endothelial cell injury was slight in Group A, and aggravated in Group B. TF mRNA expression could be seen 1 day after the treatment in Groups A, B, and C, and peaked on the day 7, and not found in Group D at any time points (all P < 0.01); and the TF mRNA levels at different time points of Group A were all significantly lower than those of Group B (all P < 0.01). The TXB(2) expression levels on days 1 and 7 of Groups A, B, and C were all significantly higher than those of Group D; especially those of Group B (all P < 0.01). The 6-keto-PGF(1)alpha levels on days 1 and 7 of Group D were both significantly higher than those of Groups A, B, and C (all P < 0.01)., Conclusion: Compared with Fogarty balloon catheter embolectomy, extrusion embolectomy can discard the thrombus more thoroughly and guarantee the patency rate of bloodstream. Both extrusion embolectomy and Fogarty balloon catheter embolectomy, especially the latter, cause damage to the blood vessel endothelium.