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ObjectiveTo assess the direct economic burden and influencing factors of road traffic injuries in Shanghai, providing a basis for future prevention of road traffic injuries.MethodsInformation of inpatient cases caused by road traffic injuries was collected from 22 pilot hospitals in Shanghai that participated in the registration and reporting system of injury hospitalizations from 2017 to 2020. The main content of the collected information included basic demographic information, total hospitalization costs for injuries, mode of transportation, cause of injury, nature of injury, location of injury, and hospital level. Univariate analysis was used to analyze the average hospitalization costs and length of hospital stay between different years. Kruskal-Wallis test was used to analyze the median hospitalization costs and the median length of hospital stay between different years, and the median hospitalization costs of different groups. A full subset regression model in multivariate regression was used to explore the main influencing factors of hospitalization costs.ResultsA total of 4 655 patients were hospitalized with road traffic injuries, including 2 675 males (57.47%) and 1 980 females (42.53%). The average age was (53.84±15.37) years old, with a minimum age of 4 years old and a maximum age of 97 years old. 1 907 patients (40.97%) had non-motor vehicle accidents, and 2 748 patients (59.03%) had motor vehicle accidents. The average hospitalization cost is 23 245.71 yuan, with a median of 9 793.94 yuan. The average length of stay was 13.61 days, with a median stay of 10.00 days. The main factors affecting hospitalization costs included year, nature of injury, location of injury, length of hospital stay, and hospital level.ConclusionRoad traffic injuries seriously affect the health of middle-aged and young people, especially vulnerable road user such as pedestrians and cyclists, causing serious injury and an increase of direct economic burden year by year. Therefore, road traffic injury prevention projects should be actively carried out to reduce the occurrence of injuries.

The main functional components and biological activities of Grifola frondosa were reviewed, and the existing problems and future research directions were also discussed.

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Copyright of Urban Mass Transit is the property of Urban Mass Transit Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Data from national meteorological stations in 90 counties of Jiangxi province during 2012-2021 and 8 microclimate stations in rice fields during 2017-2021 were used to analyze the differences in temperature between rice fields and stations, and the statistical results based on H1 (NS)(daily max temperature of national stations ≥35 °C), H1 (RS)(daily max temperature of rice fields ≥35 °C), H2 (NS)(daily max temperature of national stations ≥37°C) and H2 (RS) (daily max temperature of rice fields ≥ 37 °C ) were compared. Furthermore, proposing high-temperature damage indicators more suitable for early rice in Jiangxi, which would promoting capabilities of high-temperature monitoring and defense. The results showed that: (1) compared with the national stations, the rice fields had a cooling effect, and the Tmax(daily maximum temperature), T(daily average temperature), and Tmin(daily minimum temperature) were 0.6 °C, 0.4 °C, and 0.3 °C lower than national stations. What's more, the cooling effect increased with the growth of early rice, which showed as heading-maturity period>transplanting-booting period>sowing-transplanting period. (2) The cooling effect was higher in sunny days than in cloudy and rainy days during the high temperature period, and T, Tmax and Tmin of early rice field were 0.7 °C, 0.8 °C and 0.6 °C lower than that of the national stations. On cloudy and rainy days, the decrease in temperature of rice fields was similar. (3) There were significant differences in daily and hourly air temperature between 6 rice fields and the corresponding national stations during H1 (NS) heat damage occurred, and the cooling intensity of the rice field was greater at night than in the daytime. The Tmax, T and Tmin of the 6 fields were generally about 1.2 °C lower, which was strongest in Jinxi filed with T, Tmax and Tmin was 1.5 °C, 1.1 °C and 2.6 °C lower. (4) H1 (NS) was the largest and H2 (RS) was the smallest in terms of the number of counties affected by heat damage, the average duration, the average yield reduction simulation value of affected counties and the simulation value of the whole in recent 10 years based on different heat damage index. There was no significant difference in the result of average duration, the simulated average yield reduction rate of affected counties, and the simulated yield reduction rate of the whole based on H2 (NS) and H1 (RS), while they were all different with the result based on H1 (NS) or H2 (RS). And the simulated value of the reduction rate of the whole calculated by H2 (NS) was closer to the actual value. Therefore, national stations Tmax ≥37°C was more suitable as an index of heat damage for early rice in Jiangxi. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reliable connection of 5 mm pure titanium was achieved by friction stir welding, and the microstructure of the welded joint was studied by optical microscopy(OM), scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and transmission electron microscopy(TEM). The results show that the welded area can be divided into the weld nugget zone, thermo-mechanically affected zone, heat affected zone and base metal. According to the structure of each district, the dynamic recrystallization process of pure titanium during friction stir welding was analyzed. Because of high stacking fault energy, dislocations generated by friction stir of titanium cannot be completely decomposed. When there is a hindrance, it can continue to move only through slip and climb. By the effect of friction stir repeatedly, the dislocation tangles are accumulated and piled up, so the dislocation density continuously increases, which will produce new grain boundaries and form fine grains, and then the grain refinement is achieved.

Silicone rubber has become a promising dielectric elastomer material due to its high mechanical energy conversion, good weather resistance, good shear stability, low toxicity, wide operating temperature range and insensitivity to air humidity. However, the low dielectric constant of silicone rubber limits its use as a dielectric elastomer material. Starting from the three aspects of silicone rubber composites, polysiloxane and other polymer blending, and chemically modified polysiloxanes, the research progress improving the dielectric constant of silicone rubber dielectric elastomers in recent years has been introduced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To investigate the preparation of radioiodinated Chlorpyrifos and its biodistribution in mice, Chlorpyrifos was labeled with 131I using the Iodogen method. Biodistribution studies were carried out in KM mice. At different times after radiopharmaceutical i.v. administration (185 kBq 131I-Chlorpyrifos/mouse, n=5), the animals were sacrificed. Blood samples and the tissues of interested were collected, weighted and counted. The percentage of injected does per gram (%ID/g) was calculated for each sample. The labeling yield of 131I-Chlorpyrifos was 93.5%, The radiochemical purity (RCP) was 96.9%. Biodistribution in mice demonstrated that 131I-Chlorpyrifos was extensive, and the uptakes mainly occur in lung, stomach, small-intestine, colon, musle, and submaxillay gland, as indicated by their amount of 37.12%ID/g, 6.18%ID/g, 8.12%ID/g, 8.15%ID/g, 7.04%ID/g, and 7.02%ID/g at 10 min, respectively. And it was metabolized in liver and kidney, as indicated by their uptake of 4.34%ID/g and 8.50%ID/g at 5 min, and 0.22%ID/g and 0.69%ID/g at 4 h, respectively. In addition, 131I-Chlorpyrifos was cleared out from blood quickly, and the uptake of 131I-Chlorpyrifos in blood was 37.27%ID/g at 5 min, and decreased to 1.35%ID/g at 4 h post injection. In conclusion, 131I-Chlorpyrifos was stable in vitro and it was absorbed in lung and digestive tract, and it was metabolized mainly in liver and kidney, worthy of further investigation to trace the compound in vivo and in vitro.

Pediatric brain tumors are the most common solid tumors in children. Compared with brain tumors in adults, pediatric brain tumors have characteristic clinicopathological features and molecular mechanisms. The accurate diagnosis and classification of brain tumors in children is important for patients to have an individualized therapy and to improve the survival rate. With the further study of pediatric brain tumors, there are some new viewpoints on pilocytic astrocytoma (PA), ependymoma, medulloblastoma (MB), atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor (AT/RT), etc. In this article, an overview about pathological advances in the common pediatric brain tumors will be shown. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2015.10.002

Long-term wind observation data from 142 meteorological stations, historical apple wind disaster data, apple growth stages data, etc. were used in this study. Firstly, the optimal machine learning model has been built to extend long-term extreme wind speed. Then the thresholds of different levels of wind disasters in different apple growth stages were determined. The spatial-temporal distribution characteristics and a comprehensive risk assessment of apple wind disasters were carried out. The results showed that the random forest model had the highest accuracy and showed good performance in extending the extreme wind speed time series which is suitable for Hebei province. The thresholds of apple wind disasters were extreme wind speed≥9.1m·s-1 in flowering to fruit set, and extreme wind speed≥7.9m·s-1 in fruit development to mature. Furthermore, 4 levels of wind disasters in different apple growth stages were determined and the validation were in good agreement with the historical records. The overall trends of apple wind disasters were first decreasing and then increasing. In the northwest Hebei province and eastern Cangzhou, the frequencies of wind disasters were higher than in other regions. The high and the severe comprehensive risk areas of apple wind disaster were scattered which accounted for nearly 20% of Hebei and mainly in eastern Zhangjiakou, southeast Hengshui, middle Hengshui, and eastern Shijiazhuang. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rapid development of satellite internet, the shortage of bandwidth and spectrum resources has become increasingly prominent. Satellite laser communication has the characteristics of large bandwidth and no spectrum constraints, which makes it an effective means to alleviate the shortage of radio frequency resources and improve the communication bandwidth. Through the investigation of the development of satellite laser communication at home and abroad, this paper summarizes the future technical development trend in this field. The key technologies such as network reconstruction and efficient coding are studied via simulation, which provide theoretical and technical reference for the research of satellite laser communication in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the test was to assess the nutrient composition and carbohydrate composition of more than 20 commonly used equine animal feeds in Southland. The results show that comparing the conventional composition of the 15 roughages measured. The CP content ranged from 3.31% to 19.43%, the EE content ranged from 1.23% to 2.94%, and the NDIP content ranged from 2.21% to 12.96%. Comparing the conventional composition of the five energy feeds, the CP content ranged from 5.66% to 15.63%, the EE content ranged from 1.60% to 4.08%, and the NDIP content ranged from 2.51% to 8.33%. Comparing the conventional composition of the four protein feeds, the CP content ranged from 23.75% to 46.32%, the EE content ranged from 1.26% to 15.99%, and the NDIP content ranged from 7.95% to 14.14%. Comparing 24 feedstuffs in terms of carbohydrate fraction, overall the CHO-H content of energy feeds was higher than protein feeds and most roughage, the CHO-FR content of energy feeds was higher than roughages and protein feeds, and the CHO-FS content of roughage was higher than that of energy feeds and higher than that of some protein feeds. Analysis of feeds according to the digestive characteristics of the equine genus, feeds with higher ratios on CHO-H and CHO-FR content are digested more quickly, thus the more rapidly digested of the roughage, energy and protein feeds are whole plant maize silage, dates and soya meal respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To understand rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) heterosis on salt tolerance, hybrid cultivar Ningza 21 was used to investigate genes differentially expression compared with its parental lines. Through the next-generation high-throughput transcriptome sequencing technology with no salt treatments as negative control, 1078 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained, which were recognized to be closely related to heterosis of salt tolerance in oilseed rape at early seedling stage. These DEGs were annotated by released salt stress related QTLs, and expression of some DEGs were verified by qPCR, indicating the reliability of these DEGs. Additionally, the hybrid had more up-regulation candidate DEGs in shoot than those in root, and the expression pattern of DEGs was much closer to that of the maternal line than the paternal line in hybrid Ningza 21. More DEGs in hybrid similar to female parent showed positive regulation, and their function tended to be assimilation of biosynthesis. In contrast, DEGs similar to male parent were much related to redox and other regulatory functions. It was predicted that SNP loci were specific for heterosis of salt tolerance. All the results were expected to be helpful for salt tolerance improvement of hybrid rapeseed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a typical pegmatite type lithium ore in Africa, the useful component Ll20 exists in different forms of lithium minerals. Through in-depth analysis of ore properties, characteristics and ore dressing test results, scientific judgment of ore separability, to determine a reasonable ore dressing design index, so as to objectively evaluate the value of ore resources. As for overseas resources, there are such key questions needed to be answered as whether they are worth purchasing and whether the data provided by foreign parties are reliable. It is very important to make a correct judgment on the quality of resources and make an objective economic evaluation, which provides an important decision-making basis for investors to determine investment opportunities and control risks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To explore the effectivenss and mechanism of Qingxinyin ( Heart-clearing Formula) -containing serum (QXY serum) in inhibiting the endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) of cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (CMVECs) following CVB3 infection by regulating the Pyk2-PI3K-AKT signal pathway. Methods Stably cultured CMVECs were infected with 100TCID50CVB3, and intervened by 20% QXY serum (intervened by Pyk2 inhibitor-TAE226 and PI3K inhibitor-LY294002 in other groups). Edothelial cells marker-CD31, mesenchymal cells marker-a-SMA, and protein and gene expression of Pyk2, PI3K, AKT were tested by using immunofluorescence (IF), Western blot (WB) and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Results Compared with the blank control group, the expressions of Pyk2, PI3K, AKT (P <0.05) and CD 31 were decreased (P <0. 05), but that of a-SMA was increased (P <0. 05) in the model group. Compared with the blank serum group, the expressions of Pyk2, PI3K, AKT (P <0. 05) and CD 31 were increased(P <0. 05), but that of a-SMA was decreased (P <0. 05) in the QXY group. Moreover, compared with the QXY group, in the Pyk2 inhibited group, PI3K, AKT (P <0.05) and CD31 showed lower expression, and a-SMA showed higher expression (P <0.05) ; while in the PI3K inhibited group, AKT ( P <0.05) an CD31showe lowerexpresion a-SMA showe higherexpresion ( P <0.05) while Pyk2 showed no significant change (P >0. 05). Besides, the expression trends of Pyk2, PI3K, AKT and mRNA according to PCR were consistent with western blot. Conclusion 20% QXY-containing serum seems to inhibit the EndMT of CMVECs following CVB3 infection, and one of the possible mechanisms could be through the Pyk2-PI3K-AKT signaling pathway during that process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chronic fluoride-arsenic combined poisoning is a global public health problem. While the cause of the disease is clear, the pathogenesis is unknown. Given that there is no specific treatment, early prevention is particularly important. Biological exposure limits are designed to investigate the maximum allowable concentration of harmful effects from exogenous chemicals. To explore the biological exposure limits for mixed exposures of fluoride and arsenic, we compared the contents of fluorine and arsenic in the environmental media of the control and fluoride-arsenic combined exposure areas and analyzed the dose-effect and dose-response relationship between fluoride, arsenic and the key proteins of Wnt signaling pathways. The benchmark dose method was used to estimate the biological exposure limit for fluoride-arsenic combined exposure. The results showed that the content of fluoride in coal' clay' indoor air' outdoor air' chili and rice' as well as arsenic content in coal' clay' outdoor air' chili and rice was higher than that of the control. With the increase of fluoride and arsenic exposure levels, the glycogen synthase kinase ( (GSK), (β-catenincontents and the prevalence of Wnt/p-catenin signaling pathway antagonistic protein Dickkopf- (DKK), GSK Beta-catenin ((β-catenin) gradually increased, but the content of DKK significantly decreased. Based on the Wnt signaling pathway, the biological exposure limit for fluoride-arsenic combined exposure was urinary fluoride of 0.5 mg • g-1 creatinine and urinary arsenic of 6.59 mg • g-1 creatinine. Our results had important guiding significance for early prevention of body damage caused by fluoride-arsenic combined poisoning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objectives] To identify the dominant natural enemies of Ricania speculum and to provide a scientific basis for the comprehensive protection and utilization of such species for the control of this pest. [Methods] Geo-statistics and grey correlation were used to analyze the spatial relationships between R. speculum and its natural enemies in two tea plantations in 2015 and 2016. [Results] The four natural enemies whose spatial distributions were most closely correlated with that of R. speculum in the Wuniuzao tea plantation were Tetragnatha squamata Karsch, Tetragnatha maxillosa, Neoscona theisi and Theridion octomaculatum. The four natural enemies whose spatial distributions were most closely correlated with that of R. speculum in the Baihaozao tea plantation were Clubiona japonicola Boes. et Str, Theridion octomaculatum, Neoscona theisi and Hylyphantes graminicola. The four natural enemies whose spatial distributions were most closely correlated with that of R. speculum were the same in two tea varieties; in 2015, these were T. maxillosa and C. japonicola and in 2016, they were Hylyphantes graminicola and T. octomaculatum. [Conclusion] Comprehensive analysis, including close index summation and serial number summation, indicate that the three natural enemies whose spatial distributions were most closely correlated with that of R. speculum in both tea plantations in both years, were T. octomaculatum, C. japonicola and N. theisi. These results promote the rational use and protection of natural enemies of R. speculum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objectives] To investigate the population dynamics of Caloptilia theivora and its natural enemies in order to provide a scientific basis for comprehensive control of C. theivora on the Wuniuzao and Baihaozao tea varieties. [Methods] We used grey correlation analysis and semivariant function theory to model the ecological niches of C. theivora and its natural enemies. We standardized the above results by dividing the correlation and similarity coefficients by the maximum value of each parameter, thereby obtaining a quotient close to the index. Based on this analysis, annual differences between the two tea varieties were analyzed. [Results] In 2015, the four natural enemies most closely associated with C. theivora on the Wuniuzao tea variety were Clubiona japonicola Boes. et Str, Tetragnatha maxillosa, Oxyopes sertatus L. Koch and Neoscona theisi. The three natural enemies most closely associated with C. theivora on the Baihaozao tea variety were C. japonicola, Tetragnatha maxillosa, Neoscona theisi and O. sertatus. The difference in ranking of these eight predators between the two tea varieties was 62.5%. In 2016, the four natural enemies most closely associated with C. theivora on the Baihaozao tea variety were O. sertatus, C. japonicola, N. theisi and T. maxillosa. The four natural enemies most closely associated with C. theivora on the Wuniuzao tea variety were N. theisi, Erigonidium graminicolum, T. maxillosa and C. japonicola. The difference in ranking between the two tea varieties was 87.5% and the difference in ranking among natural enemies was 75%. Comparing 2015 and 2016, the four highest ranked natural enemies were T. maxillosa, C. japonicola N. theisi and O. sertatus on the Wuniuzao tea variety, and the annual difference in ranking among different natural enemies was 87.5%. The four most important natural enemies in both years on the Baihaozao tea variety were T. maxillosa, C. japonicola, N. theisi and O. sertatus, the proportion of different natural enemies was 75%. The average difference in ranking among natural enemies in the two tea varieties was 81.25%. The four spider species most closely associated with C. theivora in abundance, time and space were C. japonicola, N. theisi, T. maxillosa and O. sertatus. [Conclusion] Ranking of natural enemies of C. theivora was more affected by tea variety than year. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objectives] To analyze the spatial relationships between Ricania speculum and seven spider species under different block size conditions. [Methods] Block square variance analysis, grey correlation, spatial aggregation intensity index, population aggregation mean and the ρ index were used to analyze the spatial distribution of R. speculum and the seven spider species in the Baihaozao tea garden, Hefei, Anhui Province. [Result] Correlations between the peak of the mean square deviation of seven spider species and R. speculum indicated that the latter had the closest spatial relationship to Erigonidium graminicolum (0.781 1), Clubiona japonicola (0.692 8)and Neoscona theisi (0.688 7). When the basic block sample number, K, was 1, 2, 4 or 8, the diffusion coefficient C increased continuously with increasing number of basic samples in the cluster, then decreased continuously in a uniform and random manner. There was no significant difference in the spatial distribution of R. speculum and the spider species when the basic sample number K in the cluster was 2, 4, 8 or 1. They population aggregation of Ricania speculum was in most cases > 2 and the result of intraspecific factors alone. When the population aggregation mean, λ, was positive, that of the spider species and R. speculum increased with increasing basic sample number in the agglomeration. The minimum range of the aggregation of individual clusters of R. speculum as determined by the clustering method indicated a minimum of four basic samples in each cluster. [Conclusion] The results provide a scientific basis for determining the optimum sample size for sampling Ricania speculum and its natural enemies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An dynamical model of an inextensible rotating composite shaft with internal damping is presented and analyzed to investigate the effects of the internal damping on the nonlinear free vibration of the shaft. The rotating composite shaft is modeled as an Euler Bernoulli beam which includes the rotary inertia and gyroscopic effects while neglects the shear deformation. Nonlinearities are due to the inextensiblity in the shaft which lead to nonlinearities in curvature and inertia. The damping property is described by the dissipative behavior of viscoelastic composites. The extended Hamilton principle is employed to derive the nonlinear equations of bending-bending vibration of the rotating composite shaft. The partial differential equations of motion are discretized by Galerkin method. The solution of nonlinear free vibration is derived by using the method of multiple scales. The nonlinear natural frequencies are examined for different parameters such as ply angle, ratio of length over outer radius, stacking sequence and rotating speed, the effects of the internal damping of the composite are evaluated. The results of multiple scales for free vibration responses are compared with the numerical simulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the fat emulsion tolerance in preterm infants of different gestational ages in the early stage after birth. Methods A total of 98 preterm infants were enrolled and divided into extremely preterm infant group (n=17), early preterm infant group (n=48), and moderate-to-late preterm infant group (n=33). According to the dose of fat emulsion, they were further divided into low- and high-dose subgroups. The umbilical cord blood and dried blood filter papers within 3 days after birth were collected. Tandem mass spectrometry was used to measure the content of short-, medium-, and long-chain acylcarnitines. Results The extremely preterm infant and early preterm infant groups had a significantly lower content of long-chain acylcarnitines in the umbilical cord blood and dried blood filter papers within 3 days after birth than the moderate-to-late preterm infant group (P<0.05), and the content was positively correlated with gestational age (P<0.01). On the second day after birth, the low-dose fat emulsion subgroup had a significantly higher content of short-, medium-, and long-chain acylcarnitines than the high-dose fat emulsion subgroup among the extremely preterm infants (P<0.05). In the early preterm infant and moderate-to-late preterm infant groups, there were no significant differences in the content of short-, medium-, and long-chain acylcarnitines between the low- and high-dose fat emulsion subgroups within 3 days after birth. Conclusions Compared with moderate-to- late preterm infants, extremely preterm infants and early preterm infants have a lower capacity to metabolize long-chain fatty acids within 3 days after birth. Early preterm infants and moderate-to-late preterm infants may tolerate high-dose fat emulsion in the early stage after birth, but extremely preterm infants may have an insufficient capacity to metabolize high-dose fat emulsion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Up to 11% of women with mastitis develop a breast abscess, which obviously affects breastfeeding. Therefore, this is a potentially significant issue for women's health. Women with breast abscesses suffer from severe pain. Pain is the most significant factor causing the termination of breastfeeding. The experience of women with breast abscesses who continued to breastfeed may provide valuable insights / guidance to women who are currently in the same or similar situations. Purpose: This study explores the continuous breastfeeding experience of women with breast abscesses. Methods: We collected qualitative data from 10 qualified female participants using 60-90 minute, in-depth interviews that were conducted between April 2012 and June 2012 in a central medical center. All interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim. Content analysis was used to analyze and categorize the major themes. Results: Results were generalized into the following seven themes: (1) experiencing uncomfortable breast pain; (2) feeling helpless to manage the abnormal breast symptoms; (3) relying on the concept of motherhood to support continued breastfeeding; (4) feeling shocked about the process of diagnosis and treatment; (5) facing the doubts and difficulties regarding continuing to breastfeed; (6) experiencing the assistance of the support system for breastfeeding; (7) returning to a normal pattern of life. Conclusions / Implications for Practice: The findings provide nurses with a deeper understanding of the biological and psychological behaviors and social support system experiences of women with breast abscesses who continue to breastfeed. Study results may serve as a reference for nurses in providing mother-centered breastfeeding care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Maize precision planting with single seeding that saves labor costs for thinning seedlings is becoming one of the most popular technical innovations in China's maize production. Compared with conventional planting, i.e. multiple seeds per hill to tackle the problem of seedling emergence rate less than 100%, which ensures at least one seedling per hill by planting adequate seeds, what are land patches with missing seedlings under planting one seed per hill like? What variation will occur to maize yields? What seeding strategies should be adopted for high maize yields? These are still open questions. The paper put forward a new computer simulation procedure of planting one seed per hill to plant maize. The procedure consisted of 4 key parts. Firstly, Monte-Carlo simulation of binomial distributions was applied to mimic the number of missing seedlings in cornfields. Secondly, a patch of land with missing plants was partitioned among its surrounding seedlings in the way showed as Voronoi diagrams. Thirdly, for the plant occupying a given area of land, its grain yield was computed using a mathematically identical transformation based on the parabola equation, which was extensively used to relate crop yield to plant density for maize. Lastly, the maize crop yield was evaluated as the sum of individual grain yield per hectare. The simulated results, with seedling emergence rates from 75% to 95%, showed that the number of the patches with missing plants in the field varied with seedling emergence rate following an unimodal curve (R²=0.996), with the maximum fleck number of 7.5 per 100 hills at the emergence rate of 82.3%. The patch size decreased with the increasing of seedling emergence rate in a negative exponential function pattern (R²=0.994). Planting one seed per hill reduced maize yield by 0.06%-16.78%, and the reduction rate displayed the steady falling trend with the increasing of emergence rate. For single seeding, Strategy II outweighed Strategy I in the crop yield (P<0.03) and the yield stability (R²=0.850), the seeding rate for Strategy I was equal to recommended planting density and that for Strategy II was equal to recommended planting density divided by emergence rate. Technical approaches to improve seedling emergence rate were discussed. Our recommendation for single seeding strategy is that, after adopting every mean to promote seedling emergence rate, the seed number sowed should be equal to the target planting density divided by the seedling emergence rate in order that emerged seedlings can reach the optimum planting density. The recommendation will play an important role for spreading the practices in planting one seed per hill in maize production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Frailty Is becoming one of the greatest gerontological challenges faced by modern with aging populations. A novel systematic model for measuring and assessing body degeneration Is proposed. Based on ontology and cloud computing, the assessment results and exercise prescription knowledge database are combined to make scientific and reasonable exercise plans. An experiment is designed to investigate the effectiveness of the automatic model by measuring and comparing degeneration. Experimental results show that the proposed cloud platform has a good performance for real-time application demands, and the subjects' degeneration indicator measurements are significantly improved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a new map matching algorithm based on particle filter, which fuses map and sensor information. Firstly, the nonlinear indoor positioning system is described by state space model. Then, the recursive Bayesian filtering is implemented through the parameterized Monte Carlo method, and the indoor geographic data, sensors, wireless positioning information are fused to modify the weights of the particles and the observed value. The experiment shows that the proposed map matching technology can effectively solve the user experience problems caused by wrong positioning result. Also, this algorithm improves the indoor positioning accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dyeing build-up of Lanasol LE of new proces on wool is studied, which is performanced by single-factor experiments such as the amount of auxiliary BU and acid, the time of thermal insulation. The experiment results show that dyeing color denth of the new dyeing process is improved much on the condition of the amount of auxiliary BU 3% (owf), dyeing temperature 98 °C, the time of thermal insulation 90 min. And also, dyeing rate and dyeing build-up are compared between new and traditional process of dyeing. The experiment results show that dyeing color denth of the new dyeing process is higher than dyeing color denth of the traditional process ; the dyeing rate of the new dyeing process and the traditional process are related with the amount of dye. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The laboratory is the basis and guarantee for teaching and research in universities. In view of the current problems of large size and extremely difficult management, the State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering in Tsinghua University has constructed a teacher and student joint management system for safety and health. The management structure, scientific system, management practice and so forth are described to increase the management level, and the benign concept and the practical implementation are also presented. This idea can provide a better perspective that not only environment becomes clean and tidy, but also students develop a good consciousness of safety and health. This paper can provide a reference for the reform of laboratory management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At low or zero speed,sensorless control of interior permanent magnet synchronous machines ( IPMSM) can be achieved using the difference between d-and q-axis inductances based on high frequency voltage injection. The d-and q-axis inductances are changed caused by the stator currents variation, and then the accuracy of the rotor position estimation is affected by the changing inductances. A rotor position estimation method based on PWM carrier frequency component was presented. Taking the 12-slot- 10-pole IPMSM prototype as an example,the influence of the saturation saliency and cross coupling saliency on inductance parameters and the position estimation were investigated. The IPMSM model was established considering magnetic saturation and cross coupling saliency,and then the system simulation model and experimental platform were built. The simulation and experimental results prove the correctness of the theoretical analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The wood-plastic foamed composites have lower density and higher specific strengths than wood-plastic composites (WPC) and thus have wide applications in fields such as building, decoration, packing, and the automobile industry. Previous studies showed that the weathering causes color fading, strength weakening, chemical changes of WPC, thereby restricting the specific outdoor applications of WPC. In order to explore their weathering mechanism and broaden their outdoor applications, it is of great importance to evaluate the durability of BF/PP foamed composites. The objective of this research was to study the impact of weathering of freeze-thaw cycle on the physical and thermal properties of bamboo flour-polypropylene foamed composite. The foamed composites of bamboo flour (BF), high melted strength polypropylene (HMSPP), polypropylene (PP), 1% modified azodicarbonamide (AC) foaming agent, and maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (MAPP) coupling agent blends were prepared by injection molding. The composites with different BF contents of 0, 20%, 33% and 42% were exposed to accelerated cycling of water immersion followed by freeze thaw at the temperature of -40-60°C for 0, 3, 6, and 9 cycles. The effects of freeze-thaw cycles accelerated weathering on the color change and the physico-mechanical properties and thermal behavior of the foamed composites were investigated. The surfaces morphology of composites non-weathered and freeze-thaw cycles weathered were investigated by (Environmental Scanning Electronic Microscopy, ESEM) and the chemical structures were also analyzed by FTIR. The results showed that the composites at higher BF content exhibited greater color change and larger decreases in physico-mechanical properties especially the tensile and impact strengths as compared to the one without weathering. The negative effects of the weathering increased with the growing number of freeze-thaw cycles. The color change ΔE* of 0, 20%, 33%, and 42% BF/PP composites after nine times freeze-thaw cycles were 0.9, 2.4, 7.0, and 9.9, respectively. The corresponding lightness change ΔL*, redness change Δa*, and yellowness change Δb* of 42% BF/PP composite were 8.7, 1.3, and 4.7, respectively. The retentions of flexural modulus, and bending, tensile, and notched impact strengths of 0%, 20%, 33%, and 42% BF/PP composites were 95.2% - 99.1%, 97.3% - 98.9%, 94.9% - 97.5%, and 92.0% - 95.6%, respectively. The freeze-thaw cycles slightly affected the thermal behavior of composites as the initial temperature of thermal decomposition (Ti) for the 0% and 33% BF/PP foamed composite after nine times freeze-thaw cycles reduced by 19°C and 8°C, respectively. ESEM observation revealed that the surfaces of freeze-thaw cycles weathered composites were no longer smooth; and the micro cracks and folds appeared; meanwhile, some parts of the polymers layers dropped off. FTIR analysis indicated that the wood index (the ratio of the peak intensity at 2 912 cm-1 and the peak intensity at 1 023 cm-1) reduced and the bamboo particles of the composites surfaces lost and the intensity of the groups for PP decreased due to the freeze-thaw cycles weathering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]