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Objective To investigate the effect of blood group serology and polymerase chain reaction with sequence-specific primers (PCR-SSP) on identification and genotyping of ambiguous ABO blood group. Methods Eighty suspicious ABO blood group samples were identified by serology and polymerase chain reaction with sequence-specific primers (PCR-SSP). The final blood group type and the strategy of the transfusion of each case were determined according to the results of serology and PCR-SSP. Results 40 cases were confirmed to be subtypes, and the remaining 40 cases were normal types with weakened antigens or missing antibodies due to other reasons. The results of molecular genetic blood group typing based on PCR-SSP were 41 cases of subtypes (There were 3 discrepancies between two methods: one was Ael identified by serological methods, while its gene type was O2O2; one was common type O, while its gene type was BO1; one was type A, while its gene type was AB.) and 39 cases of normal ones. Conclusion Genotyping technology combined with serological typing has an important significance in identification of ABO blood groups.

A three-dimensional finite element model of premaxillary bone and anterior teeth was established with ANSYS 13.0. The anterior teeth were fixed with strong stainless labial archwire and lingual frame. In the horizontal loading experiments, a horizontal retraction force of 1.5 N was applied bilaterally to the segment through hooks at the same height between 7 and 21 mm from the incisal edge of central incisor; in vertical loading experiments, a vertical intrusion force of 1.5 N was applied at the midline of lingual frame with distance between 4 and 16 mm from the incisal edge of central incisor. After loading, solution was done and displacement and maximum principle stress were calculated. After horizontal loading, lingual displacement and stress in periodontal membrane (PDM) was most homogeneous when the traction force was 14 mm from the edge of central incisor; after vertical loading, intrusive displacement and stress in PDM were most homogeneous when the traction force was 12 mm from the incisal edge of central incisor. The results of this study suggested that the location of center of resistance (CRe) of six maxillary anterior teeth is about 14 mm gingivally and 12 mm lingually to incisal edge of central incisor. The location can provide evidence for theoretical and clinical study in orthodontics.

Objective: To ascertain the genotype of measles viruses isolated in 2012 and genetic characterization of measles viruses in Hongkou district of Shanghai during 2000-2012., Methods: Measles virus was isolated from throat swab specimens collected from suspected measles cases and 450 bp fragment of C terminus on nucleoprotein (N) gene was amplified by RT-PCR. Sequence analysis was conducted to ascertain the genotype and to compare the difference of nucleotide with other measles virus strain announced by GenBank during 2000-2012. Measles virus genotype was analyzed. Epidemiological investigation was conducted., Results: Phylogenetic analysis showed that 7 measles virus samples were isolated from 34 throat swab specimens with 6 of them belonged to H1 genotype, 1 belonged to D8 genotype of H1 genotype. H1a appeared the main part of Shanghai measles virus. Epidemiological survey showed that D8 was an imported case, also the first case detected since 2000., Conclusion: The genotype distribution of measles virus in Hongkou was identified the same as elsewhere in Shanghai. D8 was an imported case, detected for the first time since 2000. The results suggested that viral gene sequencing and genotyping should be regularly conducted at the measles laboratories in Shanghai to strengthen the networking monitoring program of the disease.