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Objectives. Investigation of the injuries on biological simulators and topography of the gunshot residue after shots from the traumatic weapon MR-341 «Howdah» (a sawn-off shotgun of the smooth barrel gun IZH-43КN) using cartridges of 12/35 caliber at different distances (contact shot, 5 cm, 10 cm, then with increments of 10 cm to 100 cm inclusive, 125 cm, 150 cm and 175 cm). Material and methods. Blocks of biological simulator (fragments of the chests of pigs) were used as the targets. After shots the targets were examined visually, in visible infrared rays, under the stereomicroscope and metrically. Results. Morphology of the injuries and topography of the residue deposition has features that allow to consider the range and distance of the shot. Action of the flame and powder gases is manifested at the distance up to 5 cm inclusive; the zone of predominant deposition of the soot has an external border corresponding to the distance of the shot up to 20 cm; the zone of predominant action of the gunpowder has an additional morphology in the form of deposition of multiple rubber particles and continues at the distance of up to 80 cm from the muzzle end of the weapon. Additional features that allow to specify the zone of close range and the distance of the shot are established: after the shots from the distance of 10 cm traces of wad of semicircular and circular shape and gray color were revealed separate from the main gunshot injury; rubber particles were revealed on the target surface after the shots from the distance of up to 80 cm. The results of the study can be used in medico-legal practice to address the issues of the fact and distance of the shot from the traumatic weapon MR-341 “Howdah”.

The responses of subtropical conifer plantation to climate change scenarios were investigated in Qianyanzhou by the process-based physiological-ecological model EALCO (ecological assimilation of land and climate observation). The results showed that CO2 concentration had the greatest effects on the carbon and water fluxes of the plantation, followed by temperature, and precipitation. CO2 concentration was the main driving factor for the gross photosynthesis productivity of this plantation ecosystem, and temperature and CO2 concentration were the key environmental factors controlling the ecosystem respiration. Increasing temperature accelerated the respiration of aboveground part dramatically, while increasing CO2 concentration had greater effects on soil respiration. The evapotranspiration was enhanced by increasing temperature, but reduced by increasing CO2 concentration. Under the future climate changing scenario (the year 2100), the net primary productivity of this plantation ecosystem would be increased by 22%, suggesting that this ecosystem is still capable of sequestrating carbon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To study the incidence of bloodstream infections, pathogen distribution, and antibiotic resistance profile in patients with hematological malignancies. Methods: From January 2018 to December 2021, we retrospectively analyzed the clinical characteristics, pathogen distribution, and antibiotic resistance profiles of patients with malignant hematological diseases and bloodstream infections in the Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University. Results: A total of 582 incidences of bloodstream infections occurred in 22,717 inpatients. From 2018 to 2021, the incidence rates of bloodstream infections were 2.79%, 2.99%, 2.79%, and 2.02%, respectively. Five hundred ninety-nine types of bacteria were recovered from blood cultures, with 487 (81.3%) gram-negative bacteria, such as Klebsiella pneumonia, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Eighty-one (13.5%) were gram-positive bacteria, primarily Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Enterococcus faecium, whereas the remaining 31 (5.2%) were fungi. Enterobacteriaceae resistance to carbapenems, piperacillin/tazobactam, cefoperazone sodium/sulbactam, and tigecycline were 11.0%, 15.3%, 15.4%, and 3.3%, with a descending trend year on year. Non-fermenters tolerated piperacillin/tazobactam, cefoperazone sodium/sulbactam, and quinolones at 29.6%, 13.3%, and 21.7%, respectively. However, only two gram-positive bacteria isolates were shown to be resistant to glycopeptide antibiotics. Conclusions: Bloodstream pathogens in hematological malignancies were broadly dispersed, most of which were gram-negative bacteria. Antibiotic resistance rates vary greatly between species. Our research serves as a valuable resource for the selection of empirical antibiotics.

The study was based on a review of clinical trials for herbal drugs published in various journals. Three journals selected were Chinese Journal of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine (JITWM), Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine (JTCM), and a provincial Journal of Traditional Medicine (JTM). In order to reflect different levels of the journal, each paper of the clinical trials of herbal drugs in the above-mentioned journals during the survey years, 1991, 1987 and 1980 (or 1981) was reviewed using a standard checklist and quantified through a score system. A total of 314 paper were reviewed, in which 179 in 1991, 82 in 1987, and 53 in 1980 and 1981. Controlled trials were found in 86% of JITWM, 40.8% of JTCM, and 26.8% of JTM in 1991. Although there was an increased trend in the use or randomized trials, it still showed a lower proportion, respectively 52.9% in JITWM, 36.0% in JTCM, and 11.1% in JTM. We found that the quality of clinical trials in JITWM was the first, JTCM the second, JTM the third and showed a gradually improved trend with time.