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Software defined network (SDN) is a new network architecture proposed by the clean slate research group of Stanford University.The significant feature of this architecture is to decouple the functions of control plane and forwarding plane,and to flexibly forward the network traffic.Based on this,Internet service providers have deployed SDN technology in their backbone network to maximize the utilization of network resources.However,due to the limitation of economic cost and technical conditions,the backbone network of internet service providers must be in the hybrid SDN network for a long time.The studies have shown that single network node failure is inevitable and occurs frequently.Therefore,it is a key scientific problem to study the routing protection me-thod for single network component failure in hybrid SDN networks.In this paper,the route protection method for single network component failure in hybrid SDN network is described,and then two heuristic methods are used to solve the problem.Finally,the proposed heuristic algorithms are tested in real and simulated topologies.The experimental results show that in the traditional backbone network,only a part of the traditional devices need to be upgraded to SDN devices,and the algorithms proposed in this paper can deal with all possible single network node failure cases in the network.

The standard tea samples are indispensable for the objective and accurate identification of tea quality. In this study, the preparation process of standard Hunan black tea standard samples was introduced and its quality was analyzed. The results of the sensory evaluation and biochemical components show that the supper grade of standard Hunan black tea sample had the highest amino acid content, making the taste sweet and mellow. The terpenoid contents in 110 volatile aroma substances identified were significantly higher than those of other tea samples, and the aroma was tender, sweet, rich and lasting. The first grade standard sample had the highest water extracts and catechin content, making the taste mellow. Meanwhile 114 volatile aroma substances were identified, with the contents of various volatile components in the middle level, showing a pure sweet flavor. The second grade standard sample contained relatively low taste component contents, showing sweet with a bit thick taste, and 109 volatile aroma substances were identified. The contents of fatty acid-derived volatile substances and carotenoids were significantly higher than those of other tea samples, showing sweet and floral aroma. This study can provide a reference for the processing and production of Hunan black tea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The interplays of electron-electron interaction (U), spin-orbit coupling (SOC), and crystal field effects in the 5d transition metal oxides are complex, which can be turned by external fields to induce many novel electromagnetic phenomena and become one of hot topics in condensed matter physics. In this study, the Raman spectroscopy is carried out on single crystals of Sr2IrO4 at room temperature. We discover that when pressure reaches 19.6 GPa to 22.2 GPa, a new peak appears at a wave number of 199 cm-1 in the Raman spectra, accompanied with some anomalous changes of other Raman peaks. This result clearly evidences a structural phase transition occurs, although the existence of the such a transition has been long debated. The structural phase transition is independent of the magnetic phase transition at low temperature, but plays a dominant role in the magnetic ordering transition, owing to the strong spin-orbit coupling. This discovery promises a new way tune electromagnetic properties in the 5d Mott insulators and also provides a new idea to design novel functional materials in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to understand the characteristic taste chemicals of Hunan black tea, representative samples of Hunan black tea and typical samples from other provinces were selected. The taste and chemical constituents of black tea samples were evaluated by electronic tongue and high performance liquid chromatography. Visual pattern recognition method such as Principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) were used to compare the characteristic chemical compositions of Hunan black tea in different tenderness grades and flavor types. The results show that: (1) The contents of water extraction, glucose, maltose, tea polyphenols, theabrownin, amino acid, delicious amino acid, theanine and theaflavins could be used as the main flavor components to distinguish Hunan black tea from other black tea as water extraction, glucose, maltose and theaflavins in Hunan black tea are significantly higher. (2) Most of the contents of taste components in the first grade of Hunan black tea soup were lower than those in other grades. Except for amino acids and thearubigins, other main flavor components were significantly lower than those of second grade tea. The contents of water extracts, tea polyphenols, caffeine, amino acids, theaflavins, thearubin were rich in the second grade tea soup. The contents of catechins, carbohydrates, theaflavins, thearubin and other compounds in the third grade tea was relatively high, while the contents of tea polyphenols, amino acids, thearubin and other compounds were relatively low. (3) The contents of caffeine, catechins, non-ester catechins, EGC and theaflavins in the "sweet and delicious" tea soup were significantly lower than those in the "slightly bitter (strong)" tea soup. The research results provided a reference for the classification and identification of Hunan black tea products and the evaluation of taste quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a study which investigates the influence of cadmium to chicken spleenic lymphocyte membrane protein damage.

Farm tax levied in kind was an important fiscal and economic system implemented by the National Government during the period of the Anti-Japanese War and it turned out to be a relatively successful policy. In the process of implementing the system, various interest groups, including the central government, the local government, ministries of the central government, and farmers, were in conflict and competed with one another to maximize their respective interests. Fortunately, in the special period of national crisis, while maximizing their own interests, all parties arrived at a compromise to balance their interests, which promoted the successful implementation of the farm tax levied in kind and provided the necessary resources needed by the war against Japanese invasion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The chemical components of the volatiles from the leaves and branches of Larix principis-rupprechtii were analyzed by GC-MS, with their allelopathic effects on the seed germination and growth of L. principis-rupprechtii itself investigated. The results indicated that the volatiles contained 20 major components, and the main constituents were terpenes and their oxidized derivatives, in which, there were 5 monoterpenes and 12 sesquiterpenes. The volatiles from the leaves and branches of L. principis-rupprechtii had significant inhibitory effects on the germination rate, germination speed index, radical length, hypocotyl length, and fresh mass of L. principis-rupprechtii itself, indicating that these volatiles contained potential allelochemicals, which might be related to the higher contents of terpenes and their oxidized derivatives. The allelopathic effects of the volatiles affected the regeneration of L. principis-rupprechtii, which should be a reason for the degeneration of artificial pure L. principis-rupprechti forest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate whether lenalidomide alone or in combination with cisplatin can inhibit the growth of human cervical carcinoma SiHa cells in vitro. Methods Human cervical carcinoma SiHa cell line was cultured in vitro and then treated with different concentrations of lenalidomide, cisplatin, or lenalidomide combined with cisplatin in different groups. MTT was used to determine the growth inhibition ratio; flow cytometry was used to determine the effect of the drugs on cell cycle. Results The result of MTT showed that lenalidomide in combination with cisplatin enhanced the inhibitory effect of cisplatin on cell growth (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference between the lenalidomide group and control group (P>0.05). The result of flow cytometry showed that the percentage of G1 phase of lenalidomide group was significantly higher than that of control group (P<0.05) and that the effect on cell cycle arrest could be enhanced when lenalidomide was used in combination with cisplatin (P<0.05). Conclusion Lenalidomide combined with cisplatin can enhance cisplatin's suppression on the growth of SiHa cells. Lenalidomide can arrest cell cycle in G1 phase, and when combined with cisplatin it has the synergistic effect on cell cycle arrest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the effect of hydroxysafflower yellow A (HSYA) on pulmonary fibrosis induced by bleomycin in mice and transforming growth factor β 1(TGF-β1) /Smad signal transduction pathway regulation., Methods: The pulmonary fibrosis model was prepared by intranasal injection of bleomycin 50 μl (15 mg/kg). ICR mice were randomly divided into control group, model group, HSYA group(6 mg/kg) and dexamethasone (Dex) group(3 mg/kg), with 15 mice in each group. From the next day of modeling, HSYA and Dex groups were intraperitoneally injected with corresponding drugs, while the control group and model group were intraperitoneally injected with the same volume of normal saline, once a day, for 28 consecutive days. After 4 weeks, the mice were sacrificed and the lungs were collected. HE and Masson staining were used to observe the pathological damage of lung tissue; Immunohistochemistry, RT-qPCR and Western blot were used to detect the expressions of TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway in lung tissues., Results: Compared with the control group, the model group showed severe alveolitis and pulmonary fibrosis. The mRNA and protein expressions of TGF-β1 and Smad3 in lung tissues were increased significantly ( P ＜0.01), while the mRNA and protein expressions of Smad7 were decreased significantly ( P ＜0.01). Compared with the model group, the degree of alveolitis and pulmonary fibrosis in the HSYA and Dex groups was reduced significantly. The mRNA and protein expressions of TGF-β1 and Smad3 in lung tissues of HSYA and Dex groups were decreased significantly ( P ＜0.01), while the mRNA and protein expressions of Smad7 were increased significantly( P ＜0.01)., Conclusion: HSYA can alleviate the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis, and its mechanism may be related to the regulation of TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway.

Objective: To investigate the effects of Eucommia ulmoides Oliv polysaccharide on the injury of interleukin-1β(IL-1β)-induced chondrocyte and its possible mechanism., Methods: ATDC5 was treated with 10 μg/ml IL-1β to establish osteoarthritis chondrocyte inflammation model, mouse chondrocyte ATDC5 were cultured in vitro and randomly divided into blank group, model group, model+Eucommia ulmoides Oliv polysaccharide low concentration group, model+Eucommia ulmoides Oliv polysaccharide medium concentration group and model+Eucommia ulmoides Oliv polysaccharide high concentration group. The cells in the blank group were cultured with conventional medium;the cells in the model group cells were cultured with a medium containing 10 ?g/ml IL-1β, and the cells in the model+Eucommia ulmoides Oliv polysaccharide low concentration group, model+Eucommia ulmoides Oliv polysaccharide medium concentration group and model+Eucommia ulmoides Oliv polysaccharide high concentration group were co-cultured with medium containing 100, 200, 400 μg/ml Eucommia ulmoides Oliv polysaccharide and 10 μg/ml IL-1β. After the cells of each group were cultured for 24 h, 48 h and 72 h, CCK-8 method was used to detect cell viability. After the cells of each group were cultured for 48 h, flow cytometry and DAPI staining were used to detect cell apoptosis;ELISA method was used to detect the expression of TNF-α, NO, IFN-γ and IL-6 in cells; DCFH-DA method was used to detect the content of ROS in cells;Western blot was used to detect the protein expression of TIMP-1, MMP-13 and NF-κB signaling pathway-related P65 and p-P65;Immunofluorescence staining was used to observe the localization of NF-κB P65 cells., Results: Compared with the blank group, the ATDC5 cell viability and the protein expression of TIMP-1 in the model group reduced ( P <0.05), while apoptosis rate, the levels of TNF-α, NO, IFN-γ and IL-6, the content of ROS, the protein expression of MMP-13 and p-P65, and the number of P65+ in the nucleus increased( P <0.05). Compared with the model group, the ATDC5 cell viability and the protein expression of TIMP-1 in the model+Eucommia ulmoides Oliv polysaccharide low concentration group, model+Eucommia ulmoides Oliv polysaccharide medium concentration group and model+Eucommia ulmoides Oliv polysaccharide high concentration group increased ( P <0.05), while apoptosis rate, the levels of TNF-α, NO, IFN-γ and IL-6, the content of ROS, the protein expression of MMP-13 and p-P65, and the number of P65+ in the nucleus reduced ( P <0.05)., Conclusion: The results showed that Eucommia ulmoides Oliv polysaccharide could promote proliferation of IL-1β-induced chondrocyte ATDC5 and inhibit its apoptosis, inflammatory response and matrix degradation. Its mechanism may be related to the inhibition of the activation of NF-κB pathway.

Objective: To investigate the transcriptional regulation of transcription factor MZF-1 on acute monocytic leukemia-related gene MLAA-34., Methods: The effect of MZF-1 on the transcriptional activity of MLAA-34 gene promoter was analyzed by luciferase reporter gene detection system and site-directed mutation technique. The EMSA and ChIP assay were used to verify whether MZF-1 directly and specifically binds to the core region of MLAA-34 promoter. The over-expression vector and interference vector of MZF-1 were constructed to transfect U937 cells, and RT-PCR and Western blot were used to detect the transcription and expression changes of MLAA-34 gene., Results: The transcription factor MZF-1 had a regulatory effect on MLAA-34 gene expression, and the relative luciferase activity was decreased after MZF-1 binding point mutation (P<0.01). EMSA and ChIP experiments demonstrated that MZF-1 could directly bind to MLAA-34 promoter and play a regulatory role. In the over-expression test, the increase of MZF-1 could up-regulate the expression of MLAA-34 (P<0.05). In the interference test, the decrease of MZF-1 could down-regulate the expression of MLAA-34 (P<0.05)., Conclusion: Transcription factor MZF-1 can bind to the transcriptional regulatory region on the promoter of MLAA-34 gene and promote the transcription of MLAA-34 gene in acute monocytic leukemia.

The effects of the policy of converting farmland to forest and grassland on soil nitrogen content and conversion enzyme activity were studied. Caragana intermedia , Prunus davidiana, Medicago spp., and Stipa bungeana and a corn control were examined to determine the concentrations of seven soil nitrogen components and the activity of two nitrogen conversion enzymes. The main factors affecting soil nitrogen distributions and transformation was also explored using redundancy analysis (RDA). The results showed that:① Compared with the corn soil, the content of particulate organic nitrogen, light fraction organic nitrogen, microbial biomass nitrogen, and ammonium nitrogen in the Stipa bungeana soil increased by 35.3%, 83.3%, 64.2%, and 110.0%, respectively; soluble organic nitrogen and ammonium in the Medicago spp. soil increased by 0.7% and 67.5%, respectively; the asparaginase and protease activities in the Stipa bungeana soil increased by 360% and 144.8%, respectively, indicating that conversion of farmland to forest and grassland has a promoting effect on nitrogen components and conversion enzyme activity; ②The content of organic nitrogen, light organic nitrogen, particulate organic nitrogen, and soluble organic nitrogen in the Prunus davidiana soil was 3.7%, 133.3%, 70.6%, and 28.1% higher than that of the corn soil, respectively. The light fraction organic nitrogen content of the Caragana intermedia soil and microbial biomass nitrogen content of the Prunus davidiana soil was 16.7% and 49.6% higher than that of the corn soil, respectively. Protease activity in the Caragana intermedia and Prunus davidiana soils was higher than in the corn soil, further indicating that the conversion of farmland to forest and grassland promotes the accumulation of nitrogen components and enhances conversion enzyme activity; ③ The RDA and environmental factor explanation rate results indicated that soil water content, pH, and soil organic carbon were the key factors affecting nitrogen distribution and transformation in the mountainous area of southern Ningxia. Overall, the results show that converting farmland into forest and grassland has changed conversion enzyme activity and has promoted the accumulation of nitrogen components in soils. This provides a theoretical basis for ecological restoration and soil quality management in the Loess Plateau.

Objective: To clone the promoter sequence of acute monocytic leukemia new antigen gene.MLAA-34 and identify its promoter core region., Methods: The full-length fragment of MLAA-34 gene promoter region was amplified by PCR, then was ligated into pGL3-Basic vector, and the recombinant plasmid was cloned. Constructed a series of MLAA-34 gene promoter 5' flanking region truncated plasmid. These recombinant plasmids were transfected into U937 and HEK293 cells, and the dual luciferase reporter gene was used to detect the promoter activity of each fragment to determine the minimum active region. Transcription factor binding sites were analyzed by bioinformatics methods., Results: The recombinant plasmid containing MLAA-34 promoter sequence and its truncated plasmid were successfully constructed, and the promoter activity was significantly increased as compared with the empty vector (P＜0.001). The minimal active region of MLAA-34 located between 402 bp and 200 bp. It contained multiple transcription factor binding sites such as E2F1, MZF-1, SP1, USF2 and STAT3., Conclusion: The promoter of luciferase reporter gene has been successfully constructed with different deletion fragments of MLAA-34, and its core promoter region may contain multiple transcription factor sequence.

Objective: To determine the expression of microRNA-221 (miR-221) in endometrial tissues and its impact on the proliferation of ectopic endometrial stromal cells., Methods: Endometrial stromal cells were isolated, cultured and identified from normal endometrial tissues (taken from patients without endometriosis) and ectopic endometrial tissues (taken from patients with ovarian endometriosis). The expression of microRNA-221 was detected by stem-loop qRT-PCR. Changes in the expression of miR-221-3p in endometrial stromal cells exposed to estraldiol (10 - 8 mol/L) for 48 h were detected. The effects of miR-221-3p inhibitor on the expressions of miR-221-3p, phosphatase and tensin homology deleted on chromosome ten ( PTEN ) and cell proliferations were compared with those of the negative control (NC, 10 nmol/L)., Results: The expression of miR-221-3p in ectopic endometrial tissues was 4.2 times higher than that in normal endometrial tissues ( P =0.039): 2.66 times higher in ectopic endometrial stromal cells compared with normal endometrial stromal cells ( P =0.029). But no differences in the expression of miR-221-5p were found ( P >0.05). No differences in the change of miR-221-3p expression after exposure to estrogen for 48h were found between normal and ectopic stromal cells. Inhibition of miR-221-3p function was associated with decreased cell proliferation ( P =0.018) and increased expression of PTEN gene ( P =0.021)., Conclusion: The expression of microRNA-221 is upregulated in ectopic endometrial tissues and ectopic endometrial stroma cells. Inhibiting the function of miR-221-3p may result in increased PTEN expression and decreased cell proliferation in endometrial stromal cells., (Copyright© by Editorial Board of Journal of Sichuan University (Medical Science Edition).)

This study investigated the effects of the program aimed at converting farmland into forest or grassland on the soil bacterial diversity in the Loess Hilly region. Corn land was selected as the experimental control, and Caragana intermedia land and Stipa bungeana land were selected as the experimental lands. Soil from three different land use types were selected as subjects. The soil bacterial communities were analyzed using a high throughput sequencing technique (MiSeq). The sequence region was 16S rRNA V3-V4 variable region. The α diversity, community composition, and relative abundances of the soil bacterial groups were analyzed, in order to explore the effects of soil physical and chemical properties on the bacterial community structure. The results showed that the structure and diversity of the microbial communities differed under the different land use types. At the phylum level, the dominant phyla were Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria, Chloroflexi, Gemmatimonadetes, and Firmicutes. At the class level, α -Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria, β -Proteobacteria, Thermoleophilia, Gemmatimonadetes, Bacilli, and δ -Proteobacteria were predominant. Compared to the corn land, Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria were the dominant bacteria in the Caragana intermedia land, while Actinobacteria and Acidobacteria were the dominant bacteria in the Stipa bungeana land. Soil bacterial diversity was the highest in the shrub land. RDA analysis revealed that soil organic matters and total nitrogen were the most influential environmental factors. It was shown thus that the program of converting farmland into forest or grassland has significantly improved the soil fertility and environmental conditions, and the composition of the soil bacterial community has also been appreciably changed.

Objectives: To investigate the interventional effects of 16-week aerobic exercises on the elderly's arteriosclerosis and its mechanism., Methods: Twenty-seven elderly people with the average age of 62. 70 ±3. 26 joined a 16-week square dance/taijiquan exercise program that conducted 60 minutes each time, six times per week. Arterial stiffness and its related indexes such as systolic pressure(SBP), diastolic pressure(DBP), left brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (L-baPWV), right brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity(R-baPWV), left ankle brachial index (L-ABI), right ankle brachial index(R-ABI), serum triglyceride(TG), total cholesterol(TC), high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-c), low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-c), superoxide dismutase(SOD), malondialdehyde(MDA) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) were detected at 3 time points including before exercise program, by the end of exercise for 8 weeks and 16 weeks., Results: ① Compared with pre-exercise, the R-baPWV and R-ABI of the elderly people were decreased at the end of the 8 th week, and the L-baPWV, RbaPWV, R-ABI and L-ABI were decreased significantly at the end of the 16 th week. ②Compared with pre-exercise, SBP and DBP were declined markedly ( P <0.01, P <0.05) at the end of the 8 th week, SBP, DBP and pulse pressure were decreased significantly ( P <0.01, P <0.05) at the end of the 16 th week. ③Compared with pre-exercise, TC and LDL-c were declined markedly ( P <0.01) at the end of the 8 th and the 16 th week, and there was no difference of the level of TG and LDL-c between pre-exercise and post-exercise. ④There was no evident difference of serum level of SOD, GSH-Px, MDA between pre-exercise and post-exercise at the end of the 8 th week. Compared with pre-exercise, the level of serum SOD, GSH-Px was increased evidently while the content of serum MDA was decreased significantly ( P <0.01)., Conclusions: Sixteen-week aerobic exercises could reduce baPWV and ABI levels, regulate blood pressure, blood lipids and lipid peroxides levels of the elderly evidently, thus improve the controlling quality of atherosclerosis.

Objective: To investigate the correlation of all exone mutation in MLAA-34 gene with chemotherapeutic efficacy for leukemia., Methods: The expression level of MLAA-34 gene in 40 patients with AML-M5 and 5 healthy volunteers as control was detected by RT-PCR and its effect on chemotherapeutic efficacy were analyzed by RT-PCR; the effect of MLAA-34 gene mutation on overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) of AML-M5 patients was analyzed by sequencing of all 12 exoues in MLAA-34 gene, the correlation between the mutation of prognostic genes important to leukemia and the mutation of MLAA-34 gene was explored., Results: The expression level of MLAA-34 gene was significantly up-regulated as compared with that of healthy volunteers, moreover this up-regulation was related with a C59T SNP site located in second exon of MLAA-34 gene, meanswhile this SNP site is affinitive to the well-known mdecular markers of AML, inclinding Fms-like tyrosine kinase (FLT-3) and DNA methyltransferase-3A(DNAMT3A). The AML-M5 patients with high expression of MLAA-34 gene poorly responded to chemotherapy, the AML-M5 patients with MLAA-34 C59T mulation had even more high expression of MLAA-34 gene and significantly short OS and PFS in comparison with those of patients without C59T mutation., Conclusion: The C59T mutation in MLAA-34 gene is a high risk factor for recurrence of AML, and may be a cadidate target for treatment of AML.

Objective: To assess the quality of whole spine images obtained by DR and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and analyze the whole spinal imaging sagittal parameters for standing DR and supine MRI., Methods: Sixty-one patients aged 49.9∓17.6 years with degenerative spinal disease underwent both standing DR and supine MRI of the whole spine from November, 2010 to March, 2016. The image quality was retrospectively reviewed, and the cervical lordosis (CL), thoracic kyphosis (TK), lumbar lordosis (LL), sacral slope (SS), and sagittal vertical axis (SVA) were measured on the whole spinal lateral DR and middle sagittal MR images., Results: Both the DR and MR whole spine images had a high quality (100%). The CL, TK, LL, SS, and SVA measured were 28.37mnplus;10.91 °, 29.98mnplus;8.96 °, 45.61mnplus;12.46 °, 34.38mnplus;9.05 °, and 17.20mnplus;26.39 mm on DR images and were 24.34mnplus;9.01 °, 21.22mnplus;8.13 °, 41.45mnplus;12.17 °, 37.45mnplus;8.19 °, and 36.51mnplus;12.44mm on MR images, respectively, showing significant differences in the measurements between the two modalities (P=0.000, 0.000, 0.000, 0.001, and 0.007, respectively). The correlation coefficient between DR and MR images for CL, TK, LL, SS, and SVA were 0.69, 0.68, 0.72, 0.51, and 0.27 (P=0.000, 0.000, 0.000, 0.000, and 0.034, respectively)., Conclusion: Both standing DR and supine MR whole spine imaging can provide high-quality images. The CL, TK, LL, SS, and SVA measured on supine MR whole spine images are correlated with those on standing DR images but differ obviously. Supine MR imaging can not substitute standing DR examinations, and comprehensive assessment of degenerative spinal disease needs the combination of the two imaging techniques.

Objective: To analyze the clinical characteristics and prognostic factors of patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) in single center of the Northwest area in China for 10 years, so as to provide the evidences for early diagnosis, stratified treatmetn, evaluation of therapeutic efficacy and prognosis, as well as early prevation and so on., Methods: The clinical data of 254 patients with NHL were analyzed retrospectively, the clinical characteristics were evaluated by unvariate analysis; then the single factors affecting prognosis were enrolled in multivariate analysis and the independent prognostic factors affecting the survival of patients were summarized., Results: A total of 182 cases achieved CR（71.6%）, PR 30 cases（11.8%）, SD 22 cases（8.7%）, PD 20 cases（7.9%）, and RR 212 cases（83.5%). The statistically significant unfavorable prognostic factors for NHL revealed by univariate analysis included age, invasive, Ann Arbor stage, relapse, and total course of chemotherapy. Cox regression model analysis showed that the Ann Arbor stage, IPI, ECOG, B symptoms, peripheral blood cell levels, short-term efficacy, course to achieve CR, and total course of chemotherapy all were the independent prognostic factors., Conclusion: The incidence characteristics of NHL in this center displayed mainly middle and high-risk B cell type with attacks at young age, aggression and in lymph nodes. For aggressive lymphoma, the single and multiple prognostic factors may provide the significant guides for the treatment, individualized plan and evaluation of prognosis. The course number of chemotherapy is one of the important factors for survival and prognosis, possessed clinical significance, and worth further clinical research for aggressive lymphoma.

Objective: To study the antiapoptotic effect of leukemia-associated gene MLAA-34 in HeLa cells., Methods: The MLAA-34 recombinant lentiviral expression vector was constructed, and the stably transfected HeLa cell line with high expression of MLAA-34 was set up; As(2)O(3) was used to induce apoptosis; the MTT assay, colony formation test and flow cytometry were used to detect the ability of cell proliferation, colong formation, apoptosis and cell cycle changes respectively., Results: After treatment with As(2)O(3), the survival rate of HeLa cells with MLAA-34 overexpression was significantly higher than that of the control cells, and the colony formation ability of MLAA-34 significantly increased, and the high expression of MLAA-34 gene significantly decreased the apoptosis rate of HeLa cells, and decreased the proportion of G(2)/M phase cells., Conclusion: The leukemia-associated gene MLAA-34 has been comfirmed to show antiapoptotic effect in HeLa cells which are induced by As(2)O(3).

Objective: To explore the effectiveness and safety of combined chemotherapy with pegasparaginase (PEG-Asp) for treatment of patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and T cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (T-NHL) patients., Methods: A total of 62 ALL or T-NHL patients were diagnosed and treated in our department and were enrolled in this study. Among them, 22 patients received the combined chemotherapy with PEG-Asp, while the other 40 patients received the standard chemotherapy with L-asparaginase (L-Asp) as the control. Therapeutic effectiveness, adverse effects, duration and expense of hospitalization, treatment-related mortality and survival were evaluated and compared in 2 different groups., Results: In group of combined chemotherapy with PEG-Asp, the overall response rate was 90.91% (20 cases), among them CR rate and PR rate are 77.27% (17 cases) and 13.64% (3 cases), respectively. In the group of standard chemotherapy with L-Asp, the overall response rate was 87.5% (35 cases), among them CR rate and PR rate were 72.5% (29 cases) and 15% (6 cases), respectively. The difference neither between PEG-Asp and L-Asp chemotherapy groups nor between ALL and T-NHL subgroups was significant (P > 0.05). The 6-month and 12-month overall survival rates were not significantly different between the PEG-Asp and L-Asp chemotherapy groups, respectively (P > 0.05). The adverse effects were identified as degree 1-2 according to the WHO criteria of drug toxicity. Neither the adverse effects identified as degree 3-4 nor the treatment-related death were observed. Expect for allergy and hyperglycaemia, the difference of side-effect incidence between the two groups were not significant (P > 0.05). The treatment for all the patients in PEG-Asp chemotherapy group was completed, while the treatment with L-Asp was completed only in 29 cases. Moreover, both average duration and expense of hospitalization after the combined chemotherapy were less than the control., Conclusion: With higher response rate, lower drug toxicity and allergy incidence, the combined chemotherapy with PEG-Asp can replace the standard chemotherapy with L-Asp in the treatment of ALL and T-NHL. The optimization of the combined chemotheropeutic protocols for more cases and long-term survival rates need to further and deeply explorate.

Objective: To compare the efficacy of porcine and rabbit antithymocyte globulins (ATG) in the treatment of severe aplastic anemia (SAA)., Methods: We reviewed the clinical data of 43 SAA patients receiving porcine ALG treatment and 32 patients receiving rabbit ATG treatment between 2004 and 2013 in our hospital. The overall response rates of the patients at 6 month were compared, and the patients' survival in the two groups was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier survival curves., Results: The overall response rates at 6 months was significantly higher in porcine ALG group than in rabbit ATG group (79.07% vs 56.25%, P=0.034). The 5-year overall survival was also higher in porcine ALG group than in rabbit ATG group, but this difference was not statistically significant (86.047% vs 72.878%, P=0.190)., Conclusions: Porcine ALG is superior over rabbit ATG in terms of hematological response but is comparable with rabbit ATG in view of the patients' survival and safety.

Objective: To investigate the correlation between the lumbar bone marrow fat and abdominal fat., Methods: A total of 68 individuals (32 men and 36 women, aged 21-74 years with a median of 49.5 years) were included in this study. All the subjects underwent spectroscopic examination of the third lumber vertebra with the single voxel method on a 1.5T MR scanner to measure the fat fraction (FF%). Quantitative CT was also performed for measurement of the abdomen subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT). The measurements were compared between subjects aged ≥50 years and those below 50 years, respectively,in male or female subjects., Results: In male subjects, BMI, FF%, VAT or SAT showed no significant differences between the two age groups (P>0.05), and FF% was not correlated with BMI, VAT or SAT (r=0.109, 0.034, 0.066, respectively; P>0.05). In the female subjects, BMI, FF%, VAT and SAT differed significantly between the two age groups (P<0.05), and in ≥50 years group, FF% showed a positive correlation with VAT (r=0.499, P<0.05) but was not correlated with SAT (r=0.221, P>0.05); in<50 years group, FF% was not correlated with VAT or SAT (r=0.076, -0.067, respectively; P>0.05)., Conclusion: FF% is positively correlated with VAT in female subjects aged beyond 50 years, but is not correlated with VAT or SAT in male subjects or in younger female subjects.

Objective: To study the non-Hodgkin's lymphoma treated with enhanced chemotherapy regimen and increase of treatment courses, including number of treatment courses, short-term efficacy, long-term survival and safety., Methods: All the 254 cases of NHL in our hospital from January 2004 to February 2014 received a variety of intensive enhanced chemotherapy regimen, such as CHOPE, MAED, MMED and TAED. The median number of treatment course was 14, including 8 in the 1st year, 4 in the 2nd and 2 in the 3rd., Results: (1) In 254 assessable patients, 182 patients (71.7%) achieved complete responses (CR), 30 patients (11.8%) achieved partial responses (PR), 22 patients (8.7%) achieved stable disease (SD), 20 patients (7.9%) achieved progressive disease (PD), 212 patients (83.5%) achieved response rate (RR). The median time of following-up was 56.5 months, the overall survivals (OS) of 1, 3 and 5 years were 90.1%, 74.5% and 61.1% respectively, the median survival time was 69 months, and the disease-free survivals (DFS) were 81.8%, 65.4% and 54.7% respectively, the median DFS was 65 months. (2) In therapeutic effects at early phase, the 3-year OS of patients who achieved CR, PR, SD and PD were 92.2%, 56.0%, 20.2% and 0% respectively; The 5-year OS of patients who achieved CR through ≤4 cycle treatments and the 5-year OS of patients who achieved CR through >4 cycles treatments were 83.1% and 6.8%, their DFS were 72.4% and 0% respectively. (3) The relapse rates of patients who received < 6, 6-8, 9-10, 11-13, 14, 15 and 20 cycle treatments were 82.5%, 78.9%, 71.9%, 65.8%, 41.8%, 30.4% and 16.7%. The response rate (RR) of patients who received 6-8 traditional chemotherapy cycle as CHOP or CHOP-like regimen were 50%-60% and relapse rate > 70%., Conclusion: Compared with traditional chemotherapy regimens, the dose-escalated, intensive and modified chemotherapy regimen can significatly improve the therapeutic efficiency for patients with NHL, including CR, long-term survival rate, and a good tolerance for patients. The chemotherapy intensity has been confirmed to be an important factor that associated with therapeutic efficiency. On the conditions tolerated by patients, the number of treatment cycles for NHL patients can be increased at lest 14, with 8 in the first year, 4 in the second year and 2 in the third year. The increase of chemotherapy cycle can obviously reduce the relapse rate and improve the long-term prognosis of patients. It is worth to further explore.

Objective: To explore the effect and safety of topical propranolol hydrochloride gel for treatment of infantile hemangioma. METHODS Thirty nude mice (BALA/c, nu/nu) were divided into three groups, experimental group, control group and normal group. Human hemangioma endothelial cells cultured in vitro were injected subcutaneously in experimental group and control group to establish infantile hemangioma model. Topical propranolol hydrochloride gel was applied on the surface of the hemangioman in experimental group and normal group. Tumor volumn change and the skin situations (edema, erythema, ulceration) were observed at different periods. 45 days after cell injection, the mice were killed and plasma concentration was detected in the experimental group and the control group by high performance liquid chromatography with evaporative light scattering detector, and tumors were subjected to histopathologic examination and immunohistochemistry for CD31 and CD34. The correlation between volumes and plasma concentration was statistically analyzed with SPSS 13.0 paired samples t test with α = 0.05 as statistical standard., Results: At 45 days, the volume of the tumor in control group was (366.57 ± 17.08) mm³, which has a significant difference as compared to the experimental group (13.36 ± 2.09) mm³ (P < 0.05); and the plasma concentration was (16.83 ± 1.53) ng/ml in experimental group, and (18.42 ± 2.21) ng/ ml in normal group (P > 0.05 ). Topical propranolol hydrochloride gel (3%) has no irritation to nude mice's skin., Conclusions: Topical application of 3% propranolol hydrochloride gel is effective and safe for the treatment of infantile hemangioma.

The study aimed to investigate the characteristics and relationship between soil carbon and nitrogen transformation of artificial forestlands, which is one type of vegetation restoration in the mountain area of Southern Ningxia. Soil samples were collected every two months in a year from three forestlands, and the characteristics of soil organic carbon, dissolved carbon, microbial biomass carbon, organic nitrogen, inorganic nitrogen, soil ammonification, nitrification and mineralization rates, microbial immobilization rates and coupling of soil carbon and nitrogen were studied by the in-situ closed-top PVC tube incubation methods. The results showed that: in the process of in-situ incubation, the most obvious changes of carbon and nitrogen were in 61-120 days which was mainly affected by soil moisture; There were significantly positive correlations between the soil organic carbon and the total nitrogen, microbial biomass carbon and microbial biomass nitrogen, dissolved carbon and dissolved nitrogen; Transformation rates of soil organic carbon had significant effects on the soil ammonification, nitrification and microbial immobilization rates. It can be well simulated by model of linear regression equation; Microbial quotient, MBN/SON were significantly increased in soil of Caragana korshinskii land. Net nitrification rates, net mineralization rates in Caragana korshinskii land were significantly higher than that in Prunus davidiana and Prunus mandshurica lands.

Objective: To explore the correlation between pathological characteristics of target organs and excess evil syndrome in IgA nephropathy., Methods: Data were collected in multicenter cooperation. Totally 266 IgA nephropathy patients were typed into exogenous wind-heat affection syndrome (49 cases), lower energizer damp-heat syndrome (100 cases), damp-phlegm syndrome (43 cases), and blood stasis syndrome (74 cases). Meanwhile, percutaneous renal biopsy was performed in all patients for Hass classification, Oxford classification, Katafuchi integral, and Jiang's classification methods. The correlation between excess evil syndrome and pathological index was analyzed., Results: Four syndrome types were correlated with their Hass levels (r = 0. 341, P <0. 01). Affection of exogenous wind-heat syndrome was correlated with segmental proliferation of endothelial cells and damaged active lesions of segmental capillary loops. Lower-energizer damp-heat syndrome was associated with Hass III level, destroying active lesions of capillary loops, segmental proliferation of endothelial cells, glomerular segmental lesions, focal interstitial infiltration of inflammatory cells, focal interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy. Blood stasis syndrome was associated with Hass IV level, glomerular sclerosis, segmental glomerulosclerosis (S)/adhesion, mesangial hypercellularity (M), angiohyalinosis, multi-foci interstitial infiltration of inflammatory cells, multi-foci interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy. Phlegm-damp syndrome had higher proportions of Hass I and III levels, but with no association with other pathological parameters., Conclusions: Excess evil syndrome was associated with partial pathological characteristics of IgA nephropathy. It could reflect pathological damage degree of target organs, activities, chronic lesions, and prognosis of IgA nephropathy to certain extent. Correlated pathological characteristics and its evolution could indicate excess evil syndrome types and their evolution rules.

Objective: To further reveal the chemical constituents of Polypodium hastatum, volatile components from this plant were investigated., Methods: The volatile components were extracted under reflux from the whole plant of Polypodium hastatum, and then analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively by GC-MS., Results: 60 volatile components were detected and of all components detected, the structures and relative contents of 34 volatile compounds were elucidated., Conclusion: In the volatile components identified, most are fatty acid esters, especially methyl and ethyl esters, which compose the major volatile chemical constituents of Polypodium hastatum.

A chiral LC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous analysis of desvenlafaxine (DVS) enantiomers in human plasma was developed and applied to a pharmacokinetic study on 12 Chinese healthy volunteers. d6-Desvenlafaxine was used as internal standard (IS). Chromatographic separation was performed on the Astec Chirobiotic V chiral column (150 mm x 4.6 mm, 5 μm). The assay was linear over the concentration range of 0.500-150 ng x mL(-1) for both enantiomers (r2 > 0.99). The method was successfully applied to a stereoselective pharmacokinetic study of 100 mg desvenlafaxine sustained release tablets on 12 Chinese healthy volunteers under fasting conditions. The results showed that the pharmacokinetic parameters were similar to both enantiomers in Chinese healthy volunteers. The AUC(0-t), and C(max) of the two enantiomers were about 1.5 times higher than those of blacks and whites reported in the literature.

Objective: Chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) animal model was used to mimic the status of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in order to investigate the pathological mechanism of CIH-induced cardiac remodeling and observe the protective effect of antioxidants., Methods: FVB mice (8-10 weeks-old) were randomly divided into control (saline, i.p.) group and CIH group, reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase inhibitor, apocynin (APO, 3 mg×kg(-1)×d(-1), i.p.) alone or CIH+APO, SOD mimic MnTMPyP (SODM, 5 mg×kg(-1)×d(-1), i.p.) alone or CIH+SODM (n = 5 each). After 4 weeks, cardiac function and structure were determined by echocardiography, cardiac inflammation, apoptosis, cardiac fibrosis and cardiac MDA contents were examined by Western blot and chemical-biological methods, respectively., Results: (1) Heart weight, LVIDd and LVIDs were increased while LVEF and FS were reduced in CIH group compared to control group (all P < 0.05). (2) Myocardial protein expression of ANP and VCAM-1 was significantly upregulated, myocardial MDA content and apoptosis as well as myocardial fibrosis marker CTGF and PAI-1 were increased in CIH group compared to control group (all P < 0.05). (3) Above parameters were similar between APO and CIH+APO as well as SODM and CIH+SODM (all P > 0.05)., Conclusion: CIH could induce cardiac remodeling and CIH-induced cardiac inflammation, cardiac oxidative injury, cardiac apoptosis and cardiac fibrosis serve as the pathological mechanisms of CIH-induced cardiac remodeling. The protective effects of the two antioxidants suggest that the main mechanism of CIH-induced cardiac injury is oxidative stress.

Objective: To analyze clinical features of 4 families with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) and potential mutations of ENG, ACVRL1 and SMAD4 genes., Methods: Four unrelated HHT patients and their affected family members were analyzed. All exons and flanking regions of ENG, ACVRL1 and SMAD4 genes were analyzed with PCR and direct sequencing and multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) methods., Results: Eleven patients from the 4 families were enrolled in this study. Two ENG and 1 ACVRL1 mutations were identified, among which an ENG mutation (c.207G>A; p.L69L) and an ACVRL1 mutation (c.817C>T; p.L273L) have been previously reported. In addition, a novel ENG mutation (c.1004A>T; p.Q335L) has been found in 3 different families. Similar mutations were not detected in 200 healthy individuals. No mutations of ENG, ACVRL1 and SMAD4 were found in the fourth family., Conclusion: A novel mutation c.1004A>T (p. Q335L) of ENG has been identified in patients with HHT. And there is significant phenotypic variability and genetic heterogeneity with the disease.

Objective: To explore the diagnostic values of endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) in the patients with hilar and mediastinal masses., Methods: A total of 91 patients with mediastinal/hilar masses undergoing EBUS-TBNA in Zhongshan Hospital between September 2009 and March 2011 were retrospectively enrolled. Their unknown etiologies were difficult to be assessed by a traditional biopsy. The association of pathologic examinations and clinical data were analyzed., Results: Among them, 61 patients had malignant lesions while 30 patients were diagnosed with benign diseases. In the cases with malignant lesions, the diagnostic sensitivity, specificity and accordance rate were 91.67%, 100% and 91.80% respectively. The diagnostic accordance rate of benign lesions was 60%. And 36.9% (24/65) of the samples were small-sized so as to improve the diagnostic accuracy. The combination of cytology and histology significantly increased the diagnostic accordance versus cytology alone in all cases (P < 0.01). But there was no statistically significant difference in the malignant lesion subgroup with a better tendency (P > 0.05). No severe complication occurred., Conclusion: With a high diagnostic accuracy and a low complication rate for the patients with hilar and mediastinal masses of unknown etiologies, EBUS-TBNA has different values for diagnosing malignant and benign lesions.

Objective: To observe the expression of Toll-like receptor 8 (TLR8) in human cervical cancer cell-line HeLa cells, and the effects of TLR8 agonist CL075 on the survival and proliferation of HeLa cells., Methods: PCR and RT-PCR were used to detect the expression of TLR8 in 13 cancer cell lines, and the expression of COX-2, Bcl-2, VEGF mRNA in the HeLa cells stimulated by TLR8 agonist CL075 were also measured by RT-PCR. Immunofluorescence technique was used to determine the exact location of TLR8 in the cells. The percentage of viable cells was determined by trypan blue exclusion after the HeLa cells were stimulated with TLR8 agonist CL075 (0.1 µg/ml, 0.5 µg/ml, 1.0 µg/ml, 2.5 µg/ml), and cell cycle and apoptosis were analyzed by flow cytometry, and the proliferation was measured by MTT., Results: Compared with the other cancer cell lines, the expression of TLR8 in HeLa cells was the highest (703.7 ± 20.6). After stimulation by CL075, the cells had a remarkable increase of the percentage of cells in G(2)/M + S phases. In the control group, the percentage of cells in G(2)/M +S phases was (39.02 ± 2.33)%, whereas after stimulated with 1.0 µg/ml CL075, the percentage of cells in G(2)/M + S phases reached the highest ratio (57.67 ± 1.73)%, and the percentage of cells in G(2)/M + S phases had a less decrease after 2.5 µg/ml CL075 stimulation and the percentage was (56.14 ± 3.73)%. After the CL075 treatment, there was no significant changes of apoptosis compared with that of the control cells (P > 0.05), but after DDP treatment the apoptosis had a significant change (P < 0.01). After stimulation by 1.0 µg/ml CL075 for 24 h, no significant difference (P > 0.05) was found by MTT test, but a significant difference was found at 48 h and 72 h (P < 0.01). An increased expression of COX-2, Bcl-2 and VEGF mRNA was observed in HeLa cells after stimulation by TLR8 agonist CL075 for 24 h and 48 h (P < 0.05)., Conclusions: Expression of TLR8 is significantly increased in HeLa cells. The proportion of cells at different phases has a significant change after CL075 stimulation, which may up-regulate the proliferation of HeLa cells. These data suggested that TLR8 agonist may influence the tumor development and TLR8 may become a potential target in the treatment for cervical cancer.

Late embryogenesis abundant protein (LEA) can enhance the tolerance of organisms under drought, low-temperature and other stress conditions. However, their protection mechanisms are still unclear. In the present paper, the peptides consisting of multi-copies of 11-amino acid motif, such as PM2D and PM2E are proved to protect the activity of the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) from freeze-thaw by using ultroviolet spectrometry. Furthermore, the fluorescence spectroscopic results show that the peptide consisting of multi-copies of 11-amino acid can stabilize the structure of LDH through synergy and multi-sites binding. However, the peptides consisting of less copies of 11-amino acid, such as PM2F and PM2G bind to LDH through one site, and the binding is weak. They thus can not protect the activity of LDH. In addition, the peptides consisted of multi-copies of 11-amino acid protect LDH by acting with trehalose synergically, and the protection mechanisms of LEA and trehalose on LDH are different.

Objective: To build the physical model of four suturae which are related to the growth of maxilla in the three-dimensional finite-element model of maxillofacial bones., Methods: A 16 years old volunteer with individual normal occlusion, good periodontium health condition and without diseases of temporomandibular joint was chosen to be the material of modeling. The three-dimensional finite-element model of the volunteer's maxillofacial bones was built using the CT scan and the finite-element modeling method. Finally we built the physical model of four suturae which were related to the growth of maxilla in the model of maxillofacial bones., Results: The model of maxillofacial bones with 86,575 nodes and 485,915 elements was generated. This model contained four suturae including sutura frontomaxillaris, sutura zygomaticomaxillaris, sutura temporozygomatica and sutura pterygopalatine., Conclusion: A three-dimensional finite-element model of maxillofacial bones with good biological similarity was developed.

The aim of this study was to investigate the expression levels of genes psma6 and slc25a4 in bone marrow of patients with acute monocytic leukemia and their correlation with clinical features and prognosis. The expression levels of genes psma6 and slc25a4 in AML-M5 leukemia cells, normal blood cells and non-leukemia cells were detected by real-time quantitative RT-PCR and compared each other. The expression levels of psma6-encoding protein P27K was assayed by using immunohistochemistry method. The results showed that the expression levels of psma6 mRNA in AML-M5 leukemia cells was lower than that in non AML-M5 leukemia cells, non-leukemia cells and normal blood cells. The results obtained by immunohistochemistry assay were consistent with above-mentioned results. The expression level of psma6 in AML-M5 patients with complete remission was higher than that in AML-M5 patients without remission. The expression level of P27K protein in AML-M5 and AL correlated to leukocyte count in peripheral blood and LDH content. The overexpression of slc25a4 mRNA was found in AML-M5, but there was no significant difference in slc25a4 mRNA expression between the patients with complete remission and those without remission. It is concluded that the expression level of psma6 is probably a new prognostic indicator of acute monocytic leukemia, slc25a4 may be a novel gene of antigen associated with acute monocytic leukemia.

This study was aimed to investigate the expression characteristics of new co-stimulatory molecule CD137 (4-1BB) on human T lymphocytes and antileukemic effects of monoclonal antibody hCD137mAb in stimulating the T lymphocyte proliferation, promoting the cytokine secretion, enhancing the cell killing effect and so on. The expression of CD137 on normal T lymphocytes treated with phytohemagglutinin (PHA) was detected by FACS and indirect immunofluorescence. In HL-60 and T lymphocyte system in vitro, the effect of hCD137mAb and PHA on T lymphocyte proliferation was tested by MTT colorimetric assay. The IFN-gamma and IL-4 expression levels on the surface of T cells were detected by FACS and indirect immunofluorescence. In vitro mixed lymphocyte tumor cell culture (MLTC) system, the function of hCD137mAb enhancing toxicity killing leukemic cells at different effect-target ratio were studied. The results showed that almost no expression of hCD137 was found in T cells without PHA stimulation, but after activation of T cells by PHA, the expression gradually increased with a peak at 7th day (FACS 56.4%+/-1.98%, indirect immunofluorescence 52.8%+/-2.01%). CD137mAb alone could not stimulate T cell proliferation (proliferation index 1.002+/-0.011), but could enhance PHA stimulating activity (proliferative index of 2.161+/-0.102) about 2-folds (proliferation index 4.705+/-0.133). Moreover, hCD137mAb increased expression of IFN-gamma high by about 3-fold in presence of PHA, but did not effect on IL-4. The hCD137mAb markedly enhanced T cell killing activity on HL-60 cell line and its co-stimulatory effect was best at the effect-target ratio of 40:1 with increasing of killing percentage by about 2-fold. It is concluded that the new co-stimulatory molecule CD137 has significant antileukemic effect, use of hCD137mAb is an effective, safe and simple immunization strategy for leukemia therapy, this study provides some experimental basis for clinical immunotherapy with CD137 mAb.

Objective: To observe the effect of amylin on the islet beta-cells voltage-gated L-calcium channels in rats., Method: Patch clamp technique was employed in the observation of the features and changes of electric current of islet beta-cells voltage-gated L-calcium channels before and after using amylin., Results: In the glucose environment of 5.5 mmol/L, the electric current of rat islet beta-cells voltage-gated L-calcium channels was activated at -40 mV and reached the peak at about +20 mV, with a peak value of about -120 pA and the insulin secretion level was (0.76 +/- 0.12) microg/L. Under the stimulation of glucose of 16.7 mmol/L, the peak current voltage moved to the left and increased up to - 140 pA and the level of insulin secretion measured (1.78 +/- 0.13) microg/L. Hatch islet beta-cells in amylin at the concentrations of 0.5, 1.0, 5.0 and 10.0 micromol/L, respectively. It was observed that in the 0.5 micromol/L and 1.0 micromol/L groups, there was no remarkable change in the peak potential activation voltage, current, and insulin secretion volume in comparison with the control group. However, in the environment of 5.5 mmol/L glucose, the increase of activation voltage of the 5.0 and 10.0 micromol/L groups was - 30 mV, with the peak current reduced to approximately -80 pA and -60 pA and the insulin secretion decreased to (0.49 +/- 0.11) microg/L and (0.36 +/- 0.12) microg/L respectively. Under the concentration of 16.7 mmol/L glucose, the activation voltage increased from -40 mV up to -30 mV and the peak current reduced to -80 pA and -40 pA. In the meantime, the insulin secretion decreased respectively to (1.20 +/- 0.13) microg/L and (0.89 +/- 0.14) microg/L, which is of significance., Conclusion: The secretion of insulin is synchronized with the opening of the islet beta-cells voltage-gated L-calcium channels at the stimulation of glucose. The amylin inhibition of the insulin secretion is also synchronized with the opening of islet beta-cells voltage-gated L-calcium channels and it's in a positive concentration-dependent manner.

The infertility of cattle-yak, which is the hybrid offspring of cattle and yak, is a difficult problem in crossbreeding and improvement of yak. Cdc2 and Cdc25A are the key genes of meiosis. The decline of their expression levels will cause the spermatogenesis failure and lead to infertility. Therefore, this study was conducted to study the relationship between the infertility of cattle-yak and the expression levels of Cdc2/Cdc25A genes. The expression profiles were obtained by RT-PCR. Cdc2 and Cdc25A genes were widely expressed in many tissues, which confirmed their important role in cell division and the progression of cell cycle. Real-time quantitative PCR analysis indicated that the expression levels of Cdc2 and Cdc25A in cattle and yak testis were higher than those in cattle-yak (P<0.05). Therefore, low expression levels of Cdc2 and Cdc25A genes may have a relationship with the infertility of cattle-yak.

This study was aimed to detect the expression of co-stimulatory molecules CD80, CD86 and CD137 in peripheral blood of patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), the content of platelet antibodies in serum (PAIgG), and to analyze the relationship between them and their correlation with the number of platelet in peripheral blood, so as to clarify the roles of co-stimulatory molecules in pathogenesis of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura and evaluation of disease status. The co-stimulatory molecules CD80, CD86 and CD137 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNCs) of 48 ITP patients and 40 normal persons were detected by immunofluorescence and flow cytometry (FACS), PAIgG content in serum was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The results showed that CD80, CD86 and CD137 expression levels in ITP patients were (4.92 +/- 2.02)%, (8.68 +/- 4.25)%, (5.32 +/- 2.67)% respectively, PAIgG content was 210 +/- 3.02 ng/10(7) PA, all these of which were significantly higher than these in normal control group (2.01 +/- 0.75)%, (4.56 +/- 2.06)%, (1.37 +/- 1.25)%, PAIgG 20 +/- 1.13 ng/10(7) PA (p < 0.01). Correlation of co-stimulatory molecule expression with PAIgG content were positive (r = 0.302, p < 0.05), but correlation of co-stimulatory molecule expression with platelet number was negative (r = -0.369, p < 0.05). It is concluded that the co-stimulatory molecules CD80, CD86 and CD137 are involved in immune response and the incidence of ITP. Their over-expression closely associates with the pathogenesis of ITP and clinical status, so that correcting the abnormal expression and regulating the immune status may be one therapeutic strategy and have important clinical significance.

The aim of study was to investigate the construction, identification and expression of human B7.1 (CD80) eukaryotic expressing vector on HL-60 cells. B7.1 gene was subcloned from the cloning vector using PCR. The PCR products and eukaryotic expressing vector (pHook) both were separately digested with ApaI, SalI and were ligated using T4 DNA ligase. The ligases products were transduced into DH-5alpha. B7.1 gene containing clones was selected by digestion with ApaI and SalI, and were further confirmed by sequencing of DNA. HL-60 cells were transfected with B7.1 by using lipofectamine and detected by immunofluorescence, SABC and FACS methods. The results showed that the size of PCR products was about 620 bp. Five clones were ampicillin-resistant and all could be digested by ApaI and SalI to produce 620 bp gene fragment that had the same size of B7.1, which means that the B7.1 recombinant vector has been constructed successfully. Further sequencing confirmed the validity of the construction. No nucleotide mutation was found, B7.1 effectively expressed on HL-60 cells with 70%, 65% and 92.7% by immunofluorescence, SABC and FACS respectively. It is concluded that the human B7.1 (CD80) eukaryotic expressing vector can be successfully constructed by molecular cloned methods and can stably effectively express on the membrane of B7.1-negative acute myelocytic leukemia (AML) cell line HL-60. It is inferred that the vaccine prepared by using this method may have immunotherapeutic and immuno-protective effects.