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A quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe pre-treatment method (QuEChERS) was established to evaluate the risk of tetracycline residues in the muscle of Channa argus. The Box-Behnken design (BBD) response surface optimization method was used to optimize the extraction and purification conditions. The samples were extracted with 10 mL acetonitrile (containing 1% formic acid) and 2 mL 0.1 mol/L Na2EDTA-Mcllvaine buffer solution, and the extracts were purified by 150 mg primary secondary amine（PSA）and 200 mg C18, and detected with Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). The result showed that the calibration curve was linear in the range of 0.50~100 ng/mL, with high correlation coefficients (r≥0.999). The limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) were 0.25～0.75 μg/kg and 0.84～2.00 μg/kg, respectively. The average recoveries of tetracycline, oxytetracycline, chlortetracycline and doxycycline at three different spiked levels in the muscle of Channa argus were 89.5%～118%, with relative standard deviations (RSDs) of 1.11%～8.88%. This method is simple, sensitive and accurate, and can be used for the rapid quantitative determination of tetracyclines in Channa argus.

There are many species of terrestrial Mollusca with rapid reproduction rates, a wide distribution range, and a large population. They are not only an important wildlife resource but also an important component of biodiversity. Previously, basic research has been conducted on the species diversity and distribution of terrestrial Mollusca in some nature reserves in Guizhou and Yunnan. The existing sample data of terrestrial Mollusca in Guizhou and survey results from Guiyang, Libo, and Xishui from July 2019 to December 2020 listed 316 species and subspecies (including 13 undefined species) belonging to two subclasses, four orders, 20 families, and 76 genera in Guizhou Province. From the perspective of species composition, the dominant family is Cyclophoridae, with 16 genera and 71 species; the second most dominant family is Bradybaenidae, with 15 genera and 61 species, followed by Helicinidae and Cochlicopidae with one genera and one species. The dominant species are Kaliella cavicola, Bradybaena similaris, Diplommatina herziana, Diplommatina consularis, Chamalycaeus nanus, and Plectotropis pseudopatula. From the perspective of geographical distribution, terrestrial Mollusca are the most abundant in the central region of Guizhou, with 17 families, 54 genera, and 170 species. The areas with the second greatest abundance of terrestrial Mollusca are the sub-subtropical humid areas in southern Guizhou and the sub-subtropical areas in southwestern Guizhou, with 18 families, 56 genera, and 152 species and 17 families, 57 genera, and 150 species, respectively. There are only 10 families, 18 genera, and 27 species in the eastern area of Guizhou. Similarity analysis of species in different regions of Guizhou Province showed that the species composition of terrestrial Mollusca in the southern area, northern area, and southwestern area of Guizhou is similar, whereas the species composition of terrestrial Mollusca in the eastern area of Guizhou is markedly different from that of other regions. This paper discusses the species and distribution pattern of terrestrial Mollusca in Guizhou Province and their resource characteristics to provide a scientific basis for the protection and rational utilization of terrestrial Mollusca resources and to further enrich the research data of terrestrial Mollusca in China.

Background and objective There is no standard treatment for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) after the failure of two lines of chemotherapy, S-1 as the third generation of fluorouracil derivate with well safety and low toxicity, presented some efficacy in lung cancer treatment. The aim of this study is to explore the efficacy of S-1 for advanced NSCLC patients treated with two or more prior chemotherapy regimens. Methods We performed a retrospective analysis of 105 NSCLC patients treated with S-1 monotherapy or S-1 contained chemotherapy as the third or more line of treatment in our hospital from January 2014 to April 2017. S-1 was administrated orally twice daily for 2 weeks, followed by one week of rest, the dose of drug was determined by body surface area (

Cyclodextrin (CD) molecules have a toroidal shape with a hydrophobic inner cavity and a hydrophilic exterior. The hydrophobic inner cavity can enable CD molecules to show high molecular selectivity and enrichment capability, and the hydrophilic exterior can make CD have high solubility in various solvents. On the other hand, because of the large theoretical surface areas and excellent electrochemical properties of carbon nanomaterials, they have important potential applications in electroanalytical chemistry. However, pure carbon nanomaterials usually are insoluble in solvents. Thus, it's of great significance to functionalize carbon nanomaterials with CD:CD not only improves the dispersity of carbon nanomaterials, but also enables high molecular selectivity and enrichment capacity, and hence shows extremely high electroanalytical capability. This review shows the methods and mechanism for preparing CD functionalized carbon nanomaterials (carbon nanotube, graphene, hollow carbon sphere,etc.) and their applications in electroanalytical chemistry. Finally, some critical challenges and prospects in this field were also briefly discussed.

This article describes the care experience of a case of end stage renal disease in which the patient was unable to cope with the progression of the disease and caused spiritual distress. The nursing care period is from January 24 to February 23, 2021. Patient data was collected using physical, psychological, spiritual and social assessments, through direct care, medical records and interviews. The identified health issues were ineffective airway clearance, compromised skin integrity, and spiritual distress. Physiological problems were treated with nursing measures such as oral care, chest physiotherapy care, keeping the skin dry, and choosing an appropriate wound dressing method. The case effectively eliminated sputum, and there was no new sign of infection in the pressure injury wound. In terms of psychological problems, interprofessional collaborative practice provided psychological support and spiritual comfort, and guided the patient to participate in medical decisions and end-of-life discussions, conduct life reviews, build self-worth, and achieve the goal of spiritual wellness. Caregivers are encouraged to participate in courses on hospice care and advance care planning to enhance the sensitivity and communication skills of clinical care in this kind of case. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ongoing coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) epidemic continues to have a global impact. This article describes the author's experience providing nursing care to a female patient who was diagnosed with COVID-19 after returning to Taiwan from overseas. During the patient's period of isolation (February 5th to February 29th, 2020), the author used Roy's adaptation model to perform first-level holistic physical, psychological, and social nursing assessments and collected healthproblem information using face-to-face interviews, telephone interviews, and observations via a remote monitoring system. A second level of assessment confirmed that the problems faced by the patient included (1) existing infections related to COVID-19 and (2) anxiety related to uncertainties about disease prognosis, forgiveness from the family, and potential violations of personal privacy by the media. Due to the special nature of the isolation ward, the author used a remote physiological monitoring system to monitor the vital signs, fever, and shortness of breath status of the patient to quickly decrease her physical discomfort and to improve her self-care ability during hospitalization. Environmental cleanliness was strictly maintained to reduce the risk of cross-infection and ensure patient safety. To alleviate patient anxiety, the author established a good therapeutic interpersonal relationship with the patient by making 10-60 minutes of caring calls to her each day, by providing individual care measures, and by using the Internet to play audio and video to teach mindfulness meditation. Caring for COVID-19 cases is a completely new experience. The author hopes that this experience may be used as a reference for caregivers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Early antiretroviral therapy (ART) is recommended as an intervention for HIV by the World Health Organization. However, the association between the CD4 count at ART initiation and the risk of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) remains unclear. Purpose: This study aimed to describe the trends related to symptom number and intensity among patients newly diagnosed with HIV in three different CD4-count-based groups and then to investigate the ADR trends for these three groups at different points in time. Methods: This multi-center cohort study recruited newly diagnosed HIV/AIDS patients who had not previously used ART from AIDS-designated hospitals in Taiwan from March 2015 to December 2016. Study measures were assessed at the time of case enrollment (T0) and during the 1st month (T1), 4-6th month (T2), and 7-9th month (T3) of ART treatment. Patients were stratified into three groups according to initial CD4 count: ≤ 350 cells/mm³, > 350-500 cells/ mm³ and >500 cells/mm³. Repeated measures ANOVA and generalized estimating equations were used to estimate the relationships between the level of initial CD4 count and ADRs. Results: A total of 207 patients completed the study. Mean symptom numbers and symptom intensities decreased significantly over time in all three groups (p < .01). The largest mean reduction in both symptom number and intensity was achieved by the CD4 count > 500 cells/mm3 group. Overall, at least one ADR was reported by 85.7% of the participants at the first month of ART use, and the incidence of ADR had decreased by an average of 22% at the 7--9th month assessment (p < .001). ARDs decreased significantly over time in the CD4 count > 500 cells/mm³ group, with the degrees of ADRs in systematic side effect most significantly decreased in this group (p = .03). Conclusions/ Implications for Practice: Number and intensity of symptoms significantly improved over time in all three CD4 count groups. The percentage of systematic side effects was most reduced in the CD4 count >500 cells/mm3 group. The results of this study may be referenced by HIV care providers when discussing with patients the initiation of ART and the potential risks of experiencing ADRs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To analyze the different types of breast surgery for repair of breast defect after breast cancer conservative surgery, and their characteristics. Methods We collected the data of breast surgeries of our department from October 2011 to March 2014, in which the three different kinds of methods were applied to the breast conservative surgery for breast cancer, namely, the double loop method + repair keratoplasty glands, conserving surgery of breast with pedicted latissimus dorsi muscle flap and local defect repair by adjacent flap prothesis. After the surgery, patients were followed up for 3 months to 2 years. During the time, the evaluation of the breast cosmetic effect was made by medical measurement and satisfaction survey. Results Altogether, there were 124 cases of breast conservative surgeries for breast cancer. Among which, there were 50 cases that applied the double loop method + repair keratoplasty glands, 48 cases applied the conserving surgery of breast with pedicled latissimus dorsi muscle flap and the other 26 cases applied the local defect repair by adjacent flap prothesis. All the surgery succeeded. As for the evaluation of the three kinds of surgery, the grade which the surgeries got was 21 and above were 36 (72.0%), 26 (54.2%) and 18 (69.2%) respectively. It was apparent that the double loop method + repair keratoplasty glands was better than the other two methods by Chi-squared test P < 0.05. And according to the patients' satisfaction research, the satisfaction of the three methods were 94.0%, 87.5% and 92.3%. Which also indicated that the patients were much more satisfied with the double loop method + repair keratoplasty glands. Meanwhile, all the differences were statistically significant P < 0.05. Conclusion For the earlier patients who suffered breast cancer, the double loop method + repair keratoplasty glands often get better breast cosmetic effect, and patients are much satisfied of the surgery, so the method is worthy applying in the surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To determine the relation between CCDC8 gene and molecular subtype of breast cancer. Methods One hundred breast cancer tissue samples were collected in this study, and HIC was performed to investigate the expression of CCDC8 in breast tissue. Tumor characteristics (estrogen and progesterone receptor, Her-2, Ki67) were recorded. Results The positive expression of CCDC8 in breast cancer was 38%. The positive expression of CCDC8 in ER, PR positive group was higher than negative group, in Ki67 negative group was higher than positive group. But no correlation was found between CCDC8 and estrogen and progesterone receptor, Her-2, Ki67 and molecular subtype. Conclusion The positive expression of CCDC8 in ER, PR positive group and Ki67 negative group is higher, but there is no correlation between CCDC8 and molecular subtype. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To summarize the clinical experience and postoperative cosmetic effect of the round block technique and glands repair plasty in repairing breast defect of breast conserving surgery for the early stage patients. Methods From October 2011 to March 2014, our department has received 50 patents who suffered from breast cancer. We applied the round block technique and glands repair plasty in breast conserving surgery, analyzed their clinical data, and evaluated the degree of satisfaction of the breast cosmetic effect by medical measurement and questionnaire. Results The patients were followed up for 3 to 29 months, with the average of 16 months. No local and regional lymph node tumor recurrence, wound, skin necrosis and infection were found. For the degree of patient satisfaction about the surgery, the good rate was 84% (42/50), with score over 21 points of 42 cases. For the cosmetic effect, 37 patients (74%) were completely satisfied with the surgery, 13 (26%) patients were satisfied, 2 (0.4%) were only modest satisfied, 1 (0.2%) was frankly unpleasant, but no one was very dissatisfied. Conclusion Choosing the patient at the early stage, removing more tissue in order to get a better effect, applying the round block technique and glands repair plasty in breast cancer confirmed breast defect in breast augmentation, can get a better cosmetic results. The patients speak highly of the surgery, and the method is worth applying. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Monitoring the quality of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) care and evaluating the effectiveness of HIV case management programs (CMPs) as approaches to raising the rate of HIV care retention and to improving the efficacy of viral suppression after the initiation of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) are important focuses of research worldwide. Purpose: This study describes the trends and evaluates the influence of CMPs on retention in care and viral suppression among patients in Taiwan diagnosed with HIV from 2008 to 2010. Methods: This retrospective study enrolled 1,302 HIV-positive individuals who had visited at least one outpatient clinic between 2008 and 2012. Of these patients, 715 (54.9%) were enrolled in an HIV CMP. Trend analysis and logistic regression were applied to investigate longitudinal trends and the impact of CMPs on the quality of HIV care. Results: Retention in care improved substantially from 44.5% in 2008 to 57.3% in 2012. The percentage of viral suppression within 12 months of the initiation of HAART increased from 88.4% in 2008 to 93.5% in 2012. Of the patients who were in HIV CMPs, 73.6% were retained in care, which was significantly higher than the 31.7% among those who were not enrolled in CMPs (p < .001). Among the patients who received HAART for more than 180 days, those who achieved viral suppression within 12 months were significantly more likely to be retained in care (adjusted odds ratio = 5.36, 95% CI = 2.6-10.9, p < .001). Conclusions and Implications for Practice: Nurse-led case management programs play a role in improving HIV-related health outcomes. HIV CMPs are beneficial to HIV-infected patients by improving retention in care and are indirectly associated with successful viral suppression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To establish a method of cultivation of dendritic cells(DC) from mouse bone marrow in vitro and identify their phenotype and function. Methods Under aseptic condition, bone marrow cells were extracted from the tibia and femur bones of BALB/c mice. Bone marrow cells were cultured with recombinant mouse granulocyte--macrophage colony--stimulating factor (rmGM-CSF ) in vitro. The expansion and morphological changes of DC were observed with light inverted microscope. Phenotype was identified with flow cytometry and biological function was studied with antigen phagocytosis test. Results A large number of immature and mature DC with typical dendritic morphological characteristics could be generated from murine bone marrow. Immature DC, which had high expression in CD11c and low expression in CD40, MHC-II and CD86, could phagocytize antigen. Mature DC, which could be induced from immature DC by lipopolysaccharides, had high expression in CD11c, CD40, CD86 and MHC-II molecules. Conclusion Immature and mature DC can be generated from mouse bone marrow cells through cytokine induction in vitro and be used for further study associated with DC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intellectual capital lies deepwithin corporations, creates value and maintains the competitive advantage of corporations. As the credit risk of a corporation increases, so does the cost of capital, which may interfere with value creation of intellectual capital. Previous studies have scarcely scratched the surface of this phenomenon, and it is precisely this shortcoming that we seek to address in this study. Multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS) resolves non-linear, non-normal Intellectual capital data issues and it also enables the selection of independent variables. This model appears to surpass ordinary least squares regression in forecast ability and accuracy of identification. We collected and constructed intellectual capital and financial data from 257 listed companies in Taiwan from the period between 2000 and 2006. MARS was applied to select the variables of intellectual capital, and panel data was used to analyze how corporate credit risk interfered with the value creation of intell ectual capital. We showed that corporate credit risk did exhibit negative significant moderating effects on intellectual capital and business value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a macroeconomic model in an open economy based on the framework developed by Frenkel and Rodriguez (1982), Sutherland (1995) and Lai and Chang (2001). In view of the changes in people's dual expectations regarding price and exchange rate, and the Lucas aggregate supply function under open economy, the model uses the economically-intuitive dual expectations graphical approach developed by Lai et al. (2002)(2011) and the optimal exchange rate band graphical approach developed by graphical approach developed by Chen (2004) to discover the normative perspective issue of the choice of the optimal exchange rate band if the monetary authority attempts to minimize the social welfare loss. This paper concludes that if the economic system faces the disturbance derived from commodity demand and the monetary authority cares the fluctuation of exchange rate, the monetary authority must adopt the exchange rate target zone regime or the flexible exchange rate regime (the exchange rate target zone regime or the fixed exchange rate regime) under the capital mobility degree is relatively larger (smaller). On the other side, if the monetary authority cares the fluctuation of price, the monetary authority must adopt the flexible exchange rate regime (the exchange rate target zone regime or the fixed exchange rate regime) under the capital mobility degree is relatively larger (smaller). This finding is found to be different from those proposed by Sutherland (1995) and Chen (2004). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Nursing is the property of Taiwan Nurses Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In order to understand the dynamic changes of non-volatile metabolites in Xinyang Maojian tea during processing, Xinyang Maojian tea samples from Xinyang tea population (Camellia sinensis cv. Quntizhong) taken during processing were systematically analyzed by non-targeted metabolomics. A total of 1 000 non-volatile metabolites were identified, and multivariate statistical analysis showed that non-volatile metabolites changed significantly during the processing stages after fixation. Meanwhile, a total of 53 differential compounds were screened out, including amino acids, catechins, flavonoid glycosides, lipids, purine nucleosides and organic acids that were identified as the key components contributing to the flavor and quality of Xinyang Maojian tea. In particular, the relative contents of some acylated flavonoid glycosides, lysophosphatidyls and purine nucleosides were significantly elevated during the processing stages after fixation. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) metabolic pathway enrichment analysis showed that the differential compounds were significantly enriched in the pathways of purine metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism, phenylalanine metabolism, aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis, and glycine, serine and threonine metabolism (P < 0.05). This study provides a basis for understanding the formation mechanism of the flavor and quality of Xinyang Maojian tea.

Pedestrian appearance attributes are important semantic information distinguishing pedestrian differences.Pedestrian attribute recognition plays a vital role in intelligent video surveillance,which can help us quickly screen and retrieve target pedestrians.In the task of person re-identification,we can use attribute information to obtain fine feature expressions,thereby improving the effect of pedestrian re-identification.This paper attempts to combine pedestrian attribute recognition with person re-identification,looking for a way to improve the performance of person re-identification,and proposes a person re-identification framework based on feature positioning and fusion.Firstly,we use the method of multi-task learning to combine person re-identification with attribute recognition,and improve the performance of the network model by modifying the convolution step size and using double pooling.Secondly,to improve the expression ability of attribute features,a parallel spatial channel attention module based on the attention mechanism is designed.It can not only locate the spatial position of the attribute on the feature map,but also can effectively mine the channel with higher correlation with the attribute features,and uses multiple groups of parallel branch structure to reduce errors and further improve the performance of the network model.Finally,we use the convolutional neural network to design the feature fusion module to effectively integrate the attribute features and pedestrian identity features to obtain more robust and expressive pedestrian features.The experiment is conducted on two commonly used person re-identification datasets DukeMTMC-reID and Market-1501.The results show that this method is at the leading level among the existing person re-identification methods.

The data of wireless sensor network has strong joint sparse characteristics,by utilizing compressed sensing theory,compressed data by joint encoding,and then reconstructed the data by joint decoding,the sensed data can be gathered with low computational cost.A synchronous subspace pursuit algorithm based on joint sparse model and com-pressed sensing theory was proposed.By utilizing the sparsity of the sensed data,it selected the correct joint subspace and reconstruct the original signal group accurately with fewer observations in a backtracking iterative manner.Com-pared with SCoSaMP algorithm and SP algorithm,the proposed algorithm presents better data reconstruction perform-ance under the conditions of different sparsity and sampling rate.

Veillonella species, known as the early colonizer of oral biofilm, are prevalent in oral microbiota. Seven Veillonella species have been isolated from oral cavity. Their distribution varies not only with different people but also with different sites in the oral cavity. Oral Veillonella are associated with oral diseases. They contribute to the adhesion of Streptococcus mutans and consume the lactate generated by streptococci. Veillonella species play an important role in the occurrence and development of periodontal diseases by providing adhesion sites for Porphyromonas gingivalis and boosting immune responses. The production of lipopolysaccharide and H2S is related to other oral diseases, such as pulpitis, periapical periodontitis, and halitosis. Several studies have been conducted on the relationship between Veillonella and oral diseases and the interaction between Veillonella and other pathological microorganisms, but limited knowledge is available at the molecular level. This article reviews the research progress in the relationship between Veillonella and oral infectious diseases, such as dental caries and periodontal diseases.

The ongoing coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) epidemic continues to have a global impact. This article describes the author's experience providing nursing care to a female patient who was diagnosed with COVID-19 after returning to Taiwan from overseas. During the patient's period of isolation (February 5th to February 29th, 2020), the author used Roy's adaptation model to perform first-level holistic physical, psychological, and social nursing assessments and collected health-problem information using face-to-face interviews, telephone interviews, and observations via a remote monitoring system. A second level of assessment confirmed that the problems faced by the patient included (1) existing infections related to COVID-19 and (2) anxiety related to uncertainties about disease prognosis, forgiveness from the family, and potential violations of personal privacy by the media. Due to the special nature of the isolation ward, the author used a remote physiological monitoring system to monitor the vital signs, fever, and shortness of breath status of the patient to quickly decrease her physical discomfort and to improve her self-care ability during hospitalization. Environmental cleanliness was strictly maintained to reduce the risk of cross-infection and ensure patient safety. To alleviate patient anxiety, the author established a good therapeutic interpersonal relationship with the patient by making 10-60 minutes of caring calls to her each day, by providing individual care measures, and by using the Internet to play audio and video to teach mindfulness meditation. Caring for COVID-19 cases is a completely new experience. The author hopes that this experience may be used as a reference for caregivers.

Background: Early antiretroviral therapy (ART) is recommended as an intervention for HIV by the World Health Organization. However, the association between the CD4 count at ART initiation and the risk of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) remains unclear., Purpose: This study aimed to describe the trends related to symptom number and intensity among patients newly diagnosed with HIV in three different CD4-count-based groups and then to investigate the ADR trends for these three groups at different points in time., Methods: This multi-center cohort study recruited newly diagnosed HIV/AIDS patients who had not previously used ART from AIDS-designated hospitals in Taiwan from March 2015 to December 2016. Study measures were assessed at the time of case enrollment (T0) and during the 1st month (T1), 4-6th month (T2), and 7-9th month (T3) of ART treatment. Patients were stratified into three groups according to initial CD4 count: ≤ 350 cells/mm 3 , >350-500 cells/mm 3 and >500 cells/mm 3 . Repeated measures ANOVA and generalized estimating equations were used to estimate the relationships between the level of initial CD4 count and ADRs., Results: A total of 207 patients completed the study. Mean symptom numbers and symptom intensities decreased significantly over time in all three groups (p < .01). The largest mean reduction in both symptom number and intensity was achieved by the CD4 count >500 cells/mm 3 group. Overall, at least one ADR was reported by 85.7% of the participants at the first month of ART use, and the incidence of ADR had decreased by an average of 22% at the 7-9th month assessment (p < .001). ARDs decreased significantly over time in the CD4 count > 500 cells/mm 3 group, with the degrees of ADRs in systematic side effect most significantly decreased in this group (p = .03)., Conclusions / Implications for Practice: Number and intensity of symptoms significantly improved over time in all three CD4 count groups. The percentage of systematic side effects was most reduced in the CD4 count > 500 cells/mm 3 group. The results of this study may be referenced by HIV care providers when discussing with patients the initiation of ART and the potential risks of experiencing ADRs.

Background: There has been a global consensus since 2016 that antiretroviral therapy (ART) should be initiated following HIV diagnosis regardless of CD4-count test results. Identifying an instrument that is able to accurately assess the readiness of HIV-infected persons for treatment initiation is thus critical., Purpose: (1) To evaluate the comparative readiness of patients receiving ART and those who are not yet on ART; (2) to evaluate the respective readiness variation within these 2 groups over a one-year period; and (3) to identify the cutoff value for medication readiness that indicates the ideal time to initiate ART., Methods: A multicenter cohort study design was conducted and 297 newly diagnosed patients with HIV were enrolled at four time points, including: baseline and at 1, 3-6, and 9-12 months after ART initiation. Data collection included a demographics datasheet, the Chinese version of the HIV Medication Readiness Scale (HMRS), and 2 items, readiness to take ART for a long period of time and confidence in adhering to ART, which were scored using a 10-point Likert scale., Results: Overall, 224 (75.4%) of the participants had initiated ART. Over time, the medication readiness of participants with ART initiation had increased significantly over that of non-ART user (p < .001). The mean scores of the 2-item self-rated readiness scale for patients with ART initiation were significantly greater than those without (p < .001). The cutoff values for HMRS, self-rating readiness for ART, and confidence in adherence to ART were 23.5, 5.5, and 6.5, respectively., Conclusions / Implications for Practice: The optimal cutoff value of the Chinese version HMRS for evaluating HAART initiation among persons with HIV infection was 23.5. HIV healthcare professionals may apply the Chinese version HMRS and the two simple self-rated items as a clinical tool for quickly assessing the initiation of ART in people living with HIV.

Background: Wireless communication technologies are increasingly being used in the fields of healthcare, with platforms such as mobile health (mHealth) being widely implemented in HIV care. The rapid expansion of mobile technologies, including smartphone applications (apps), provides a unique opportunity to effectively remind patients about regular follow-up appointments, thereby ensuring patient retention and resulting in a higher quality of care for HIV patients., Purpose: This study examines mobile phone users' usage patterns, application usage, and challenges associated with the use of a mobile phone reminder system in order to improve retention in HIV care among patients., Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted to collect data on the usage and patterns of communication technologies from 405 patients., Results: This study included 384 of the 405 eligible patients, resulting in a response rate of 94.8%. A majority of participants (73.3%) indicated their willingness to receive reminders via a text message regarding their upcoming HIV clinical appointments. After adjusting for sociodemographic and clinical variables, multiple logistic regression models indicated that the willingness to receive reminder messages was independently associated with having a college-level education (AOR=2.06, 95% CI [1.05, 4.04]) and with having prior experience with using electronic reminders (AOR=4.01, 95% CI [1.51, 10.66])., Conclusions/implications for Practice: Protection of personal information was identified as the most important factor that must be addressed in order to increase patient willingness to use a cell phone reminder system. Our findings suggest that mobile technologies are a widely used and an acceptable method for improving quality of care for HIV patients.

Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze the bacterial diversity of urban section of Nanming river as well as to study relationship between the bacterial diversity and environmental factors., Methods: The high throughput sequencing on PCR-amplified 16S rDNA V4 fragments was used to determine the bacterial diversity of samples from five sites of Nanming river. The ordination technique of redundancy analysis was used to analyze the effects of the environmental factors on bacterial community composition., Results: Diversity index analysis of bacterial community composition in Nanming river showed that the Shannon-Wiener index of bacterial diversity in Nanmng River was about 7.5. The Shannon-Wiener index of 5 sampling site had an order as Wudang bridge > Shuikou Si > Wuyan bridge > Huaxi bridge > Guanzhou bridge. Based on the sequencing results, there were 11 phyla (327 genera) in the samples, of which proteobacterice (66.1% ± 3.30% ) was the dominant phyla, Gamma proteobacteria (54.76% ± 4.86%) was the dominant subgroup and Pseudomonas (16.92% ± 0.02%) was the dominant genera. In addition, there are some flora and rare flora undetermined. The result of RDA suggested that the influence of different environmental factors on different microbes were different. Bacterial community IV had significant positive correlation with total nitrogen and total phosphorus in the environment., Conclusion: This research provides references for the association of bacterial composition and diversity with environmental factors.

Background: Monitoring the quality of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) care and evaluating the effectiveness of HIV case management programs (CMPs) as approaches to raising the rate of HIV care retention and to improving the efficacy of viral suppression after the initiation of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) are important focuses of research worldwide., Purpose: This study describes the trends and evaluates the influence of CMPs on retention in care and viral suppression among patients in Taiwan diagnosed with HIV from 2008 to 2010., Methods: This retrospective study enrolled 1,302 HIV-positive individuals who had visited at least one outpatient clinic between 2008 and 2012. Of these patients, 715 (54.9%) were enrolled in an HIV CMP. Trend analysis and logistic regression were applied to investigate longitudinal trends and the impact of CMPs on the quality of HIV care., Results: Retention in care improved substantially from 44.5% in 2008 to 57.3% in 2012. The percentage of viral suppression within 12 months of the initiation of HAART increased from 88.4% in 2008 to 93.5% in 2012. Of the patients who were in HIV CMPs, 73.6% were retained in care, which was significantly higher than the 31.7% among those who were not enrolled in CMPs (p<.001). Among the patients who received HAART for more than 180 days, those who achieved viral suppression within 12 months were significantly more likely to be retained in care (adjusted odds ratio=5.36, 95% CI=2.6-10.9, p<.001)., Conclusions and Implications for Practice: Nurse-led case management programs play a role in improving HIV-related health outcomes. HIV CMPs are beneficial to HIV-infected patients by improving retention in care and are indirectly associated with successful viral suppression.

Bats are considered as important animal reservoirs for many pathogenic viruses to humans. The viral metagenomic analysis was performed to study gut and lung tissues of 30 insectivorous bats collected in Yunnan Province and 26 reads were noted to group A rotavirus (RVA). Further RT-PCR screening on bat samples and in vitro viral isolation on cell cultures confirmed the presence of a novel RVA, named as RVA/Bat-tc/MYAS33/2013/G3P[10], in one of 30 Stoliczka's trident bats. The VP7 gene of this strain MYAS33 was closely related to that of an equine RVA strain from Argentina and the nucleotide sequence similarity was 93%, while its VP4 gene was a rare P[10] type and obtained the maximum sequence identity (94.8%) with that of a human strain from Thailand. The present study highlights the potential role of bats as reservoirs for RVAs.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of comprehensive control and prevention for chronic diseases in demonstration plot of Chongqing., Methods: Residents were enrolled through multi-stage stratified random sampling method from 17 districts or counties which had successfully established demonstration plots and 21 districts or counties which had not established demonstration plots (non-demonstration plot for short) yet on May, 2012. Questionnaire was designed to survey awareness of health knowledge, health behaviors and utilization of health supportive tools. The results were analyzed by SPSS 15.0 software., Results: We investigated 15 108 residents, 6156 of which were in demonstration plot and others (8951) were not. The findings revealed the percentage of the people who were aware the national action of health lifestyle in demonstration plot and in non-demonstration plot were 44.4% (2734/6157) and 40.2% (3598/8951), respectively, and the awareness of the hypertension risk of too much sodium were 72.4% (4458/6156) and 67.5% (6042/8951), respectively, and the awareness of the cardinal vascular disease (CVD) risk of obesity and overweight were 77.2% (4753/6157) and 69.6% (6230/8951), respectively. About the residents' health behaviors in demonstration plot and in non-demonstration plot, the utilization rates of salt restriction scoop or pot were 23.5% (1447/6157) and 17.9% (1602/8951), and the utilization rates of oil restriction pot were 16.7% (1028/6157) and 11.8% (1064/8951), respectively. Totally, 33 of the 37 indexes were shown higher in demonstration plot than that in non-demonstration plot (P < 0.05)., Conclusion: The chronic diseases comprehensive control and prevention in demonstration plot was more effective, and the remarkable improvement of health knowledge and behaviors level had been achieved in demonstration plot.

Objective: To evaluate the relationship between peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ2 (PPARγ2) Pro12Ala polymorphism and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Chinese Han population., Methods: PubMed, Chinese Biomedicine Database (CBM), China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and Wanfang database were searched for all relevant articles investigating the association between PPARγ2 Pro12Ala polymorphism and T2DM that were available from January, 1990 to June, 2011. A total of 29 relevant articles were selected. A Meta-analysis was performed to estimate heterogeneity and the pooled odds ratio (OR) to evaluate the relationship between PPARγ2 Pro12Ala polymorphism and T2DM. The sensitivity analysis was also assessed., Results: A total of 21 qualified articles including 3870 patients with T2DM and 3333 healthy controls were analyzed in the study. The frequencies of the allele Ala12 in T2DM and control groups were 4.13% (320/7740) and 4.56% (304/6666), respectively. There were not heterogeneity (χ(2) = 25.96, P = 0.17) among the 21 qualified articles. The pooled OR (95%CI) value of the frequencies of the PPARγ2 genotype (PA + AA)/PP calculated by fixed effects model was 0.96 (0.81 - 1.14) (P = 0.64). There was not heterogeneity among the remaining articles after excluding the article with the largest weight and the article with larger frequencies of the allele Ala12 respectively (χ(2) values were 24.23, 16.87 respectively, both P values > 0.05). The pooled OR (95%CI) value of the frequencies of the PPARγ2 genotype (PA + AA)/PP of the remaining articles were 1.01 (0.84 - 1.21) and 1.07 (0.89 - 1.28) after excluding the article with the largest weight and the article with larger frequencies of the allele Ala12 (both P values > 0.05)., Conclusion: PPARγ2 Pro12Ala polymorphism was not associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Chinese Han population.

Objective: A molecular biology method was studied to identify medical Dendrobium and to provide a method for quality control of these plants., Method: ISSR primer was screened through ISSR-PCR reaction according to its gene resolving power, and digital barcodes were established for identification., Results: Screening 2 primers which Rp value above 8, This primers can identify medical Dendrobium from 6 kinds 8 groups., Conclusion: ISSR molecular maker technology is useful for identifying species and habitats of medical Dendrobium plants.

Background: An estimated 70% of women with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) continue to engage in sexual activity after receiving a positive diagnosis. However, such women experience stigmatization because of their disease and find it difficult to maintain an intimate relationship., Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore the intimate relationships of women living with HIV., Methods: A narrative inquiry was conducted and a semi-structured interview outline was used to collect data., Results: Interviews with five HIV+ women found each of their intimate relationship experiences exhibited the following five stages: 1) loving relationships began, but were given up easily; 2) inner conflict about whether to love or not to love; 3) a desire not to hold back on love; 4) accept love with doubts, but avoid talking about such doubts; and 5) love and live with HIV., Conclusions/implications for Practice: Health professionals can assist women with HIV and their partners to discuss their life experiences in order to express their needs at different stages of their post-HIV diagnosis intimate relationship.

Objective: To explore the effects of paeoniflorin on blood brain barrier and pathological changes in brain ischemia., Method: Mice were divided into sham operation group, model group, positive control group-Deng zhanhua tablet group and three different dose (high, middle, low-dose) groups of paeoniflorin. The neurological symptoms of rats were observed. The SOD of ischemic brain tissue, MDA BBB and EAA contents were determined. The ultrastructure on the brain cells was inspected by transmission electron microscope., Result: Paeoniflorin had the protetive effects on 4VO model of total cerebral ischemia. Paeoniflorin could obviously increase SOD content, reduce MDA content in rat brain-tissue and alleviate oxidative stress damage by cerebral ischemia on rat brain. Paeoniflorin could improve pathological changes of cell nuclear, perikaryon, mitochondria and myelin sheath, which was the morphologic basis of the protective effect on ischemia. Paeoniflorin could alleviate the incrense of EAA content caused by and hypoxia and inhibit the excitatory neural toxicity by EAA., Conclusion: Paeoniflorin has the protection effect on the brain edema after cerebral ischemia, the oxidative stress damage on brain tissue, the ultrastructure lesions of cells and the BBB. The protective mechanism may be related to inhibiting intracellular calcium overload, anti-free radical and reducing EAA content.

Objective: To study the effect of Oncomelania hupensis hupensis of niclosamide, and exploring the main influencing factors., Methods: The samples of Oncomelania hupensis hupensis were collected from 37 sampling sites in 33 counties of 10 provinces by means of stratified random sampling methods in accordance with the categories of Oncomelania hupensis hupensis habitats. Samples were randomly located into study group and control group. Oncomelania hupensis hupensis of the study group was marinated in different concentration liquor of niclosamide which was confected with water for 24 hours or 48 hours, then LC50 of niclosamide by which Oncomelania hupensis hupensis was killed and amount calculated. The influencing factors of the mortality of Oncomelania hupensis hupensis in the study group was statistically analyzed by 2 test and by multiple logistic regression using SPSS 13.0 statistical software., Results: The mortality of Oncomelania hupensis hupensis of the two test groups which were marinated in 0.5 mg/L liquor for 48 hours and 1.0 mg/L liquor for 24 hours was 100%. The effect of Oncomelania hupensis hupensis killed by niclosamide was markedly reduced along with the reduction of drug concentration. The average LC50 rates of niclosamide liquor by which Oncomelania hupensis hupensis killed for the 24 hours and 48 hours in the study group, were 0.0939 mg/L and 0.0625 mg/L, respectively. There was significant difference between the two test groups (chi(2) = 5.001, P <0.01) . In determinate range of concentration, the mortality of Oncomelania hupensis hupensis showed significant difference among the geographic types of habitat ( chi(2) = 4.264, P < 0.05). By means of multiple logistic regression using SPSS 13.0 statistical software, the estimate value of coefficient of regression on the influence factors, drug concentration, test time and the geographic types of habitat were 2. 047 ( OR = 5. 573), 0.263 ( OR = 2.924) and 0. 187- 0.210 ( OR = 1.969- 2. 560), respectively., Conclusion: Niclosamide could kill Oncomelania hupensis hupensis effectively. The main influencing factors on the efficacy of niclosamide by which Oncomelania hupensis hupensis was killed, appeared to be drug concentration, time of testing and the geographic types of habitat.

Objective: To explore the effect of nutrient support on severe infant pneumonia., Methods: Prospective study was conducted on the outcome of 567 inpatients suffering from severe pneumonia in 13 hospitals randomly selected in Hunan. Twelve factors were surveyed and data analyzed by multiple logistic regression., Results: Malnnutrition, anemia and rickets were risk factors in severe pneumonia, and nutrient support had protective effect on severe pneumonia., Conclusion: Nutrient support contributes to the positive outcome of severe infant pneumonia.

Objective: The study was designed to find out the epidemic characteristics of leptospriosis and to develop effective intervention measures. The effects of floods on leptospriosis in some areas along Yangzi river and Huai river in Anhui province was also analysed., Methods: Study on serum epidemiology of leptospriosis was carried out from serous samples collected from native residents and animal hosts including isolation of pathogens at different phases (before,middle and after) and different monitoring spots,during the floods., Results: Infection rate with leptospriosis pathogen among native residents was 13.49% during the flood-period,much higher than 2.18% at post-flood (chi2 = 22.78, P < 0.01) stage, in the flood-affected areas along Yangzi river in 1998. The average rates of infection were 2.48% and 5.35% in affected and unaffected areas along Huai river respectively, in 2003., Conclusions: There was full evidence that floods causing the epidemics of leptospriosis. However, the transmission of leptospriosis among people would depend on affecting factors as scales of floods, lasting time, coincidence between flood happening and epidemic season, immuno-protection level against leptospriosis among people and so on to a great extent. Factors as the magnitude of pathogens carried by various kinds of infectious sources were also important determinants affecting the nature, being epidemic or pandemic of leptospriosis. It was suggested that active surveillance network on the sources of infection and risk factors of leptospriosis should be developed for the control and prevention of the disease, in the flood-hit areas.

Objective: To determine accurately the incidence of heterotopic gastric mucosa in the upper esophagus (HGMUE) in China, and to study the macroscopic and microscopic aspects of the lesions and to evaluate the clinical importance of HGMUE., Methods: A prospective study was made among a total of 15,228 consecutive patients, 8,573 male and 6,655 female, aged 54 (8-95), undergoing gastroscopy. Disease histories of all patients were carefully inquired, especially those regarding possible complaints including discomfort of throat and swallowing pain and so on. Special care was taken in the upper esophageal sphincter area to make sure whether the area was adequately inspected. Biopsy specimens from aberrant mucosa were obtained and the sections were stained with haematoxylin and eosin, and Giemsa stain for Helicobacter pylori., Results: HGMUE was found in 39 patients (0.26%) with an average age of 50. Five patients with H. pylori infection in heterotopic gastric mucosa also presented the infection in the stomach. The gastric mucosa was gastric body type in 8 patients, transitional type in 11 patients, and antral pattern in 7 patients. Intestinal metaplasia was found in 5 patients, and mild atypical hyperplasia in 2 patients. An impressive finding was coexistent erosive gastritis in 14 patients (35.9%), Barrett's esophagus in one patient (2.6%), peptic ulcer in 8 patients (20.5%), and a patient had the complication of constriction in the upper esophagus., Conclusion: HGMUE is not rare in China. The presence of inlet patches is possibly correlated with specific symptoms. There are some severe complications in HGMUE, especially esophageal constriction. Close surveillance should be taken for rare cases with metaplasia or dysplasia in HGMUE.