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Strong-aroma natural spices are characterized by their strong aroma, possessing aromatic and irritating properties, with the main components being aromatic compounds. Typical representatives include star anise, cinnamon, fennel, and cloves. The aforementioned strong-aroma natural spices are widely used both domestically and internationally, especially in soy sauce stewed meat products and fermented meat products. Nonetheless, current research on the aroma-imparting and flavor-presenting mechanisms of natural spices remains insufficiently in-depth and systematic. This paper bases on a review of relevant domestic and international research in recent years, systematically summarizes the flavor analysis methods, flavor characteristics, and key flavor components of typical strong-aroma natural spices. It concurrently discusses their impact on the flavor formation of meat products: spice flavor components can influence the flavor of soy sauce stewed meat products by directly migrating into the food or by improving the flavor of fermented meat products through inhibiting fat oxidation and anti-bacterial effects. Building on this, the paper further elucidates the aroma-imparting and flavor-presenting mechanisms of strong-aroma natural spices, encompassing direct migration of flavor components into food for aroma enhancement, aroma-generating reactions between spice components and food matrices, inhibition of flavor precursor oxidation processes, and suppression of spoilage bacteria growth to ameliorate undesirable flavor formation. The summary of the flavor characteristics and aroma-imparting mechanisms of strong-aroma natural spices facilitates researchers in delving into the mechanisms by which these spices regulates food flavor formation and provides a reference for food enterprises, particularly meat product manufacturers, in further rational development and utilization of natural spices.

Marine creatures have an abundance of polysaccharides, active proteins, active peptides, and amino acids. With advancements in separation extraction and structure-activity relationship analysis technology, marine animal polysaccharides, as important components of marine animal active ingredients, are shown to exhibit a variety of biological activities such as immune regulation, hypoglycemic activities, antioxidant effects, lipid-lowering processes, and anticancer properties. This article examines the different types, biological activities, and applications of polysaccharides in biomedicine, aquaculture, food, cosmetics, and proposes potential research directions for pursuit by providing theoretical reference to promote the high-value and ecological development and utilization of marine animals.

Under the background of the “carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals”, the salt cavern is an important place for geological storage and carbon sequestration. The limited knowledge of the quantity and quality of the salt cavern and immature investigation technology constrains the development and utilization of salt cavern. After analyzing the geological exploration reports on major salt mines, reserves reports, enterprise annual reports, and research articles, a scientific understanding and basic judgment of the amount and utilizability of salt caverns in China are obtained; a technical system of salt cavern resource survey is established through a test with comprehensive detection technology in the concentrated area of salt cavern. The results show that salt cavern resources in China are characterized by abundant reserves, wide distribution, feasible burial depth, and convenient utilization on large scale. The most abundant salt cavern resources occur in the east and central regions. The national salt cavern resources are divided into levels I, II, and III by using an availability evaluation method system of salt cavern resource. Level I accounting for about 29.4%, is mainly distributed in Jiangsu, Hubei, Henan, and other provinces in east and central China. Salt cavern resources in level I are preferred for development and utilization. Level II accounting for about 65.4%, is widely distributed in southwest, northwest, and centra China, and can be used as a prospective area for development and utilization. Salt cavern resources in level III accounting for about 5.2%, are not suitable for development and utilization. Ground geophysical exploration, which can identify the characteristics of the regional geology, salt layer geology, hydrogeology, and salt cavity distribution of the salt mining area, guides the site selection on the salt cavern construction; geophysical exploration of high precision, which can obtain the information of salt mine levels and cavity structure, benefit the construction and operation detection of storage. This study provides the basic data and technical support for the planning and development of salt cavern resources in China.

ObjectiveTo determine the role of AAMP in osteosarcoma cells and explore the mechanism of invasion and metastasis of osteosarcoma cells regulated by AAMP through the YAP signaling pathway. MethodsPublic sequencing data analysis was used to explore the correlation between AAMP and osteosarcoma. q-PCR, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry were used to detect the expression levels of osteosarcoma cell-related molecules. CCK-8 was used to detect cell proliferation ability. Transwell and wound healing assays were used to detect the invasive and metastatic abilities of osteosarcoma cells. Immunofluorescence was used to detect the cell localization and expression levels of related molecules. ResultsHigh expression of AAMP was negatively correlated with the prognosis of patients with osteosarcoma (P

Coal is the main energy source in China, and the western region in China is the main coal production area. The protection and utilization of coal mine water is the major technical challenge in the coal mining. The coal green mining research team of China Energy Group has pioneered the technology of underground coal mine reservoirs, which has been widely implemented in the Shendong mining area in Western China, providing over 95% of water needed for mining and ensuring the sustainable development of the mining area. To further enrich and improve the theoretical and technical system of underground coal mine reservoirs, this technology has been promoted and applied under different geological and working conditions in the western coal mining areas to ensure national energy security and water resources protection. The research team has built the original technology experimental platform system for coal mine underground reservoirs, including the comprehensive intelligent experimental platform for underground water transport and protection, the physical modelling platform for coal mine underground reservoirs under multiple coal seams, the dam structure experimental platform for coal mine underground reservoirs, the simulation experimental platform for deep well construction in western areas, the water-rock coupling mechanism experimental platform for underground water reservoirs, the integrated water treatment process experimental platform, and the impact experimental platforms for coal mine underground reservoirs, etc. On these platforms, the researches can be carried out consisting of the transport law of underground water, the optimization of dam structure parameters, the safety and stability of reservoirs, water-rock coupling mechanism, the optimization of mine water treatment, and the impact of caving rock mass on the dam structure under different coal seam occurrence conditions in the western mining areas of China. These platform systems provide a theoretical support and technical verification for the construction, operation, and safety of coal mine underground reservoirs. By utilizing these experimental platforms, various experimental research studies have been conducted, including the stability and seepage of coal mine underground reservoirs under multiple coal seams, the structural safety of coal mine underground reservoirs dam, and the water-rock coupling mechanism of coal mine underground reservoirs. These research results have been applied in actual engineering practice to ensure the safe and stable operation of coal mine underground reservoirs.

[Objective] The structural reliability of the transmission shaft of guideway rubber-tyred train is crucial to the safety of train operation. During the ice and snow test on a certain urban rail transit line, the guideway rubber-tyred train failed several times resulting from the fracture of the transmission shaft. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the fracture causes of the transmission shaft and optimize its design. [Method] The causes of the fracture of the transmission shaft are analyzed from two aspects: macroscopic detection of the failure shaft section, physical and chemical detection of the failure material. A wireless torque test system is used to test the real-time load of the transmission shaft between stations 5-6 and stations 5-7 on the line. The test results are analyzed, and the structure of the transmission shaft is optimized. The strength test on the optimized transmission shaft bench and the fatigue test on the optimized transmission shaft are carried out respectively. [Result & Conclusion] The causes of transmission shaft fracture are identified as the overload brittle fracture of cross shaft and fatigue fracture of double coupling bushing. The test results from the above two line sections show that all the maximum torques of the shaft occur when the vehicle is slipping. Though the actual torque of transmission shaft is less than the designed maximum working torque, the impact energy on the shaft is much larger than the torque change value under normal working conditions because the torque changes within a very short time. The measures that are taken to optimize the transmission shaft structure are as follows: increasing the shaft diameter of the cross shaft, increasing the chamfer angle of the cross shaft arc transition, and further reducing the stress concentration. The strength of the shaft shoulder of the double coupling bushing is increased by adding the reinforcing rib on it. The strength test on the optimized transmission shaft bench shows that it meets the design requirements and passes its fatigue test.

Based on the study of the distribution of intra-platform shoals and the characteristics of dolomite reservoirs in the Middle Permian Qixia Formation in the Gaoshiti–Moxi area of the Sichuan Basin, SW China, the controlling factors of reservoir development were analyzed, and the formation model of “intra-platform shoal thin-layer dolomite reservoir” was established. The Qixia Formation is a regressive cycle from bottom to top, in which the first member (Qi1 Member) develops low-energy open sea microfacies, and the second member (Qi2 Member) evolves into intra-platform shoal and inter-shoal sea with decreases in sea level. The intra-platform shoal is mainly distributed near the top of two secondary shallowing cycles of the Qi2 Member. The most important reservoir rock of the Qixia Formation is thin-layer fractured-vuggy dolomite, followed by vuggy dolomite. The semi-filled saddle dolomite is common in fracture-vug, and intercrystalline pores and residual dissolution pores combined with fractures to form the effective pore-fracture network. Based on the coupling analysis of sedimentary and diagenesis characteristics, the reservoir formation model of “pre-depositional micro-palaeogeomorphology controlling shoal, sedimentary shoal controlling dolomite, penecontemporaneous dolomite benefiting preservation of pores, and late hydrothermal action effectively improving reservoir quality” was systematically established. The “first-order high zone” micro-paleogeomorphology before the deposition of the Qixia Formation controlled the development of large area of intra-platform shoals in Gaoshiti area during the deposition of the Qi2 Member. Shoal facies is the basic condition of early dolomitization, and the distribution range of intra-platform shoal and dolomite reservoir is highly consistent. The grain limestone of shoal facies is transformed by two stages of dolomitization. The penecontemporaneous dolomitization is conducive to the preservation of primary pores and secondary dissolved pores. The burial hydrothermal fluid enters the early dolomite body along the fractures associated with the Emeishan basalt event, makes it recrystallized into medium–coarse crystal dolomite. With the intercrystalline pores and the residual vugs after the hydrothermal dissolution along the fractures, the high-quality intra-platform shoal-type thin-layer dolomite reservoirs are formed. The establishment of this reservoir formation model can provide important theoretical support for the sustainable development of Permian gas reservoirs in the Sichuan Basin.

Spondylus aurantius, a member of the Mollusca phylum, Bivalvia class, Pterioida order, and Spondylidae family, is an important economic marine bivalve species that is widely distributed along the warm-water coastal region in Guangdong and Hainan Province in China, and the Philippines. As an important marine commercial bivalve, wild S. aurantius individuals are often captured by local fishermen for their large adductor muscle, which makes delicious seafood, and for their beautiful shells, which are used for displays.According to the China Fishery Statistical Yearbook for 2022, the annual production of cultured mollusks exceeded 15 million tons, with oysters, scallops, and clams accounting for 78.23% of the total aquaculture yield. In southeast coastal provinces, such as Guangdong, Guangxi, and Hainan, the most common cultured mollusks include Hong Kong oysters (Crassostrea hongkongensis), Suminoe oysters (Crassostrea ariakensis), pearl oysters (Pinctada fucata martensii), and noble scallops (Chlamys nobilis). Generally, Hong Kong and Suminoe oysters cannot tolerate high salinity conditions and are often cultured near estuaries; the P. f. martensii industry is rapidly declining because of high mortality rates and nucleus rejection after transplantation in the process of pearl production; and noble scallop rearing, which is primarily practiced in net cages, and a considerable amount of labor is required to clean attachments. Therefore, there is an urgent need to investigate the cultivation of new bivalve species that can adapt to coastal areas with high temperatures and high salinity.Though S. aurantius is traditionally regarded as an edible mollusk, few studies have reported the artificial breeding of this species. In this study, wild adult S. aurantius with shell length of (12.00±1.25) cm and wet body weight of (100.00±5.04) g were selected as the research subjects to artificially ripen mature individuals, observe and compare the development of the embryo and juveniles at different temperatures (28 ℃ and 32 ℃), and study the effects of different substrates and water depths on the adhesion efficiency of juveniles. Our results were as follows: (1) Under artificial conditions, adult S. aurantius gonads could continue to develop and mature, with testes and ovaries filled with milky spermatozoa and orange eggs, respectively; (2) The method of "dry in the shade + flowing water + high temperature" successfully induced spawning and fertilization of S. aurantius; (3) The diameters of fertilized eggs were (130.1±0.3) µm, and the first unequal cleavage was observed 95 min after fertilization. These eggs then developed into multicellular stages (cleavage occurred at approximately 30-min intervals), blastula (after 4–5 h of fertilization), trochophore (after 10–12 h of fertilization), D-shaped larvae (after 25–28 h of fertilization), umbo larvae (after 6–7 d of fertilization), pediveliger (after 14–15 d of fertilization), and juvenile (after 25–27 h of fertilization); (4) Fertilized eggs could develop into the juvenile stage at both 28 ℃ and 32 ℃; however, the survival rates of fertilized eggs under higher temperatures were lower than of those cultured at 28 ℃, although the speed of S. aurantius embryonic development at 32 ℃ was higher than that at lower temperatures; (5) The density of juvenile S. aurantius in deep water (1–1.5 m depth) was evidently higher than that in shallow water (0–0.5 m depth) in an indoor seedling pond (P < 0.05); (6) Furthermore, the densities of juvenile S. aurantius were highest on the surfaces of Pinctada margaritifera shells, followed by S. aurantius shells > oyster shells > concrete reels > black shading nets > green polyethylene mesh sheets under indoor conditions, while the densities and growth rate of juvenile S. aurantius attached itself and oyster shells were better after one month culture in the natural coastal area of Wuzhizhou Island, Sanya. In this study, embryonic development in S. aurantius was observed for the first time. Furthermore, the breeding technology of S. aurantius, including the induction of gonadal maturation and spawning, the incubation of fertilized eggs, and the selection of substrates, was established for the first time under artificial conditions, which could contribute to the future large-scale breeding and cultivation of this species.

Objective There is a growing incidence of lower bone mineral density （BMD） in patients with lupus nephritis （LN）. The goal of this study was to explore the possible related factors of BMD in LN patients. Methods Between May 2016 and June 2022, BMD was measured by dual X-ray absorptiometry （DXA） at lumbar spines of L1～L4, total hip and femoral neck in 91 female patients. Results The mean age was 47.2 years. And 60.4% of them were postmenopausal and 97.8% received glucocorticoids. There were low BMD （69.2%）, osteopenia （63.7%） and osteoporosis （22.0%）. For preventing osteoporosis, the medications included calcium （87.9%）, α calcitriol （35.2%） and bisphosphonates （53.8%）. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that body weight was an independent correlation factor for BMD of lumbar spine （L1～L4） （β = 0.008, P＜0.001）, total hip （β = 0.016, P＜0.001） and femoral neck （β = 0.016, P＜0.001）. And menopausal duration was an independent correlation factor for BMD of lumbar spine （L1～L4） （β = −0.011, P = 0.038） and total hip （β = −0.01, P = 0.017）. Conclusions LN patients have a high prevalence of lower BMD. Low body weight and menopause duration may be the possible associated factors of BMD.

Coal mine underground reservoir is one of the key technologies to solve the protection and utilization of water resources in western mining areas. The basis for maintaining the safe operation of the reservoir is engineering safety, and the dam body is the core to ensure engineering safety. This paper studies the safety and stability of coal pillar dam of underground reservoir in coal mine. The stress variation (vertical stress and horizontal stress), fracture development and expansion, displacement variation and other multi-parameter variation laws during the failure of coal pillar dam are comprehensively analyzed based on mechanical model, similarity simulation and numerical calculation methods, from the angle of roof rock pressure (vertical stress) and water storage height (horizontal stress). This paper studies the variation characteristics of various parameters during the failure of coal pillar dam, and puts forward the key information of coal pillar dam failure precursors, which provides the basis for the safe operation monitoring and early warning of on-site coal mine underground reservoir. The results show that under the action of vertical stress, the location of coal pillar dam damage caused by overburden stress is the dam roof on the side of underground reservoir of coal mine. The smaller the size of coal pillar is, the easier it is to produce stress concentration. The greater the bearing stress is, the greater the possibility of damage is. Based on this, the failure critical point of coal pillar dam is obtained. Under the action of horizontal stress, the coal pillar dam body experiences three processes: elastic stage, initial failure stage and failure increase stage. The coal pillar dam body shows obvious displacement only after reaching the ultimate strength. At this time, the coal pillar dam body is damaged. After the horizontal stress decreases, the displacement has a rebound trend, but the overall stability of the coal pillar dam body is affected and it is not suitable to continue water storage. The analysis of the main factors causing the instability of the coal pillar dam shows that under the combined action of vertical stress and horizontal stress, the instability of the coal pillar dam is mainly at the top plate, bottom plate and middle position of the small-size dam near the reservoir. Taking Shangwan mine as an example, the maximum bearing head height of the coal pillar dam is 50m, but the coal pillar dam has been damaged at this time. Even if the water level is lowered, the overall stability of the coal pillar dam is irreparably damaged. Comprehensive study of the characteristics and laws of coal pillar dam instability in coal mine underground reservoirs, combined with displacement changes and the physical and mechanical properties of coal pillar dams, obtained the precursor information of coal pillar dam failure, that is, respond to the reservoir before reaching the ultimate strength under the action of external force. For safety measures, it is recommended to focus on monitoring the stress change information of the coal pillar roof with a smaller size on the reservoir side during on-site monitoring and early warning to ensure the safe operation of coal mine underground reservoirs. The research results provide a basis for monitoring and early warning methods for the safety and stability of coal pillar dams in coal mine underground reservoirs.

In order to investigate the effect of conventional packaging forms on the freshness of market shell eggs, this research investigated shell egg freshness of Roman pink in paper-based packaging without overlapped eggs arrangement, paper-based packaging with overlapped eggs arrangement, foam-based cushioning packaging, carton-based packaging, plastic-based packaging 5 groups. The shell eggs were stored at 25 ℃ for 30 d, and evaluated weight loss, air space diameter and height, yolk index, Haugh unit, thick-to-thin albumen ratio and albumen pH at 0, 10, 20, 30 d. The results showed that in shell eggs treated with paper-based packaging with overlapped eggs arrangement had significantly (P

Objective To compare the supply data of red blood cells(RBCs) from 18 blood centers in China before and after the outbreak of COVID-19 during 2018 to 2021. Methods Eight indicators related to RBCs supply from 18 blood centers in China during 2018-2021 were collected retrospectively, including the storage of total amount of qualified RBCs (referred to as the total amount of storage), the distribution of total amount of RBCs (referred to as the total amount of distribution), the distribution amount of RBCs per 1 000 population (referred to as the amount of distribution per 1 000 population), the distribution amount of RBCs from 400 mL original blood per 1 000 population [referred to as the amount of distribution per 1 000 population (400 mL)], the average daily distribution amount of RBCs (referred to as the average daily distribution amount), the average daily storage amount of RBCs (referred to as the average daily storage amount), the average storage days of RBCs when distribute (referred to as the RBC storage days), and the expired amount of RBCs (referred to as the expired amount). Based on the outbreak time of COVID-19, the data of 2018 and 2019 were the pre-pandemic group, and the data of 2020 and 2021 were the post-pandemic group. Results Data on RBCs supply in 18 blood centers from 2018 to 2021(comparison of the pre-pandemic group and the post-pandemic group): the amount of distribution per 1 000 population (median 14.68 U>13.92 U) decreased, the amount of distribution per 1 000 population (400 mL) (median 10.16 U>9.21 U) decreased, and the difference was statistically significant (P99 084.08 U) decreased, the amount of distribution per 1 000 population (median 15.04 U>12.19 U) decreased, the amount of distribution per 1000 population (400 mL) (median 10.11 U>8.94 U), the average daily distribution amount(322.66 U>270.73 U) decreased and RBC storage days (median 10.50 d324.46 U), the average daily inventory (median 3 222.00 U0.00 U) decreased, the difference has statistical significance (P

The applied patents related to Amomum tsaoko food were searched through the Baiten database to understand the layout and development trends of the patents related to Amomum tsaoko food. And the patent analysis method was used to statistically analyze the whole profile of the patents, trends in applications and authorization, territory of applications, applicants, legal status and events, patent value and layout of technical applications. A total of 3225 invention patents of Amomum tsaoko food were searched, including 641 authorized patents and 281 valid patents, which were distributed in Anhui, Jiangsu and Sichuan, etc. The results showed that the research and development of Amomum tsaoko food field began to enter a mature and stable period in 2019, and the authorized patents began to decline from 2015. The majority of patent applicants were enterprises, but the patent invalidation rate was high. There was a lack of patents with technical content, and the market conversion rate of patent economy was low. From the perspective of technical layout, the current active technology of Amomum tsaoko food patent applied to meat products, condiments, bean products, aquatic products and vegetable products, the innovation of health food and its extracts was slightly weak. In terms of health food, Amomum tsaoko had high recognition and attention for its health care efficacy in enhancing immunity, strengthening spleen and appetizing, and lowering blood pressure. The distribution pattern of patents related to Amomum tsaoko food was comprehensively analyzed in this paper, providing reference for the subsequent research and development of Amomum tsaoko food, and helping the upgrading of Amomum tsaoko industry.

Polysaccharides are biological macromolecules and their biological activities depend on their structure and physicochemical properties. Studies have shown that chemical modification of polysaccharides can significantly increase their structural diversity, improve their biological activities, and even add new biological activities. This article reviews systematacially the research progress of chemical modification of polysaccharides in recent years, including frequently-used methods of chemical modification, the influence of various chemical modification on molecular weight of polysaccharides, physical and chemical properties and spatial structure, the biological activity of chemically modified polysaccharides as well as their pharmaceutical and food industrial application prospect and challenges. It is expected to offer a reference for the further research chemically modified polysaccharides and provide an important basis for the future development of food and medicine based on human health.

Deep high-temperature rock is often subjected to different cooling mediums, and the deterioration of its mechanical properties is easy to induce some rock mass engineering disasters. Based on the three cooling ways, cooled in an oven, cooled in air and cooled in water，firstly, the variations in the P-wave velocity and microscopic cracks of high temperature (200−800 ℃)granite after exposure to heating and cooling treatments were studied. Then, based on the modified SHPB test system, the dynamic tests were conducted by using the disc granite after exposure to heating and cooling treatments, and the stress equilibrium, dynamic tensile strength and deformation and failure of samples were investigated. The results show that the damage degree in the sample increased with the increase of cooling rate, and the water-cooled samples exhibit the largest decrease in P-wave velocity and the largest amounts of newly-generated cracks. The relationship between the dynamic tensile strength and loading rate can be well-fitted using an exponential positive correlation. The cooling rate has less influence on the dynamic tensile strength when the sample reaches 200 ℃. When the sample reaches 400−700 ℃, the temperature and cooling rate have great effects on the dynamic tensile strength, and the dynamic tensile strength decreases with the increase in temperature and cooling rate. The temperature and cooling rate have great influences on the dynamic tensile strain and fracture initiation time of the sample at the initiation position. The dynamic tensile strain increases with the increase in temperature and cooling rate, and the fracture initiation time decreases with the increase in temperature and cooling rate. There are two failure types for samples with different heating/cooling treatments. Type I is the central main crack and the crushed zone at loading ends in the sample. Type II is very complex, there are central main crack, crushed zone at loading ends and cracks in other directions. The present results will be much helpful for providing the theoretical reference for the stability control of deep high-temperature rock engineering.

A green and efficient ultrasonic-assisted acidic natural deep eutectic solvents for the extraction of anthocyanins from Aronia Melanocarpa was developed. The extraction conditions were optimized by the artificial neural networks and genetic algorithms, and the stability and antioxidant activity of anthocyanins extracts were investigated. A series of acidic natural deep eutectic solvents were prepared using betaine and organic acids as hydrogen bond acceptor and hydrogen bond donor respectively. Their physical and chemical properties such as density, viscosity, pH value were measured. The structure and formation mechanism of natural deep eutectic solvents were studied by infrared spectroscopy. The optimal extraction conditions were optimized by artificial neural network combined with genetic algorithm. The photostability, thermal stability and antioxidant activity of anthocyanins extract were evaluated. The experimental results showed that the natural deep eutectic solvents formed by the hydrogen bond interaction between betaine and lactic acid had the characteristics of density as low as 1.19, viscosity as low as 24.75 mPa·s and pH as 2.89. The optimal extraction conditions were as follows: betaine and lactic acid were used to prepare natural deep eutectic solvents, molar ratio was 1:3, water content was 32%, ultrasonic power was 124 W, ultrasonic time was 24 min and initial ultrasonic temperature was 32 ℃. Under this condition, the anthocyanins extraction yield reached 23.62 mg/g. Compared with traditional solvents and other methods, the method is green, efficient and simple to operate. The results of stability and antioxidant experiments showed that light can accelerate the degradation of anthocyanins in the extract. When the temperature was higher than 50 ℃, the thermal degradation of anthocyanins accelerated with the first-order kinetic degradation constant k>0.0234. When the mass concentration was 200 μg/mL, the DPPH free radical scavenging rate and total antioxidant capacity of anthocyanins extracts were 62.30% and 6.39 mmol/L FeSO4·7H2O equivalent, and at a mass concentration of 30 μg/mL, the ABTS+ free radical scavenging rate of anthocyanins extracts was 85.14%. The antioxidant activity of anthocyanins extracts was significantly (P

【Objective】The study aims to screen the high-quality LEDs combination suitable for the proliferation, rooting and shoot strengthening of ornamental Dendrobium clonal seedlings, with a view to providing a basis for seedling quality improvement and standardized production.【Method】We studied the effects of 8 different light combinations including LEDs (red, blue and green) and white light (W) on the proliferation, rooting, shoot strengthening and growth of tissue culture seedlings of 2 popular Dendrobium varieties, Dendrobium Mini Red and Dendrobium Angel Baby 'Love Pocket'.【Result】D. Mini Red had the best proliferation effect in light quality culture of R6B3G0, the proliferation coefficient reached 2.35 per plant, and its fresh weight, dry weight and dry matter content were 3.941 g/plant, 0.2731 g/plant and 7.06%, respectively; the root number and average root length were 14.20 roots/plant and 2.81cm, respectively. The proliferation of D. Angel Baby 'Love Pocket' was the best in light quality culture of R6B3G0, the proliferation coefficient was 3.11 per plant, and the fresh weight, dry weight and dry matter content were 0.258 g/plant, 0.0218 g/plant and 8.58%, respectively; the best root effect was obtained under the light quality treatment of R6B3G0, and the root number and average root length were 10.98 roots/plant and 3.00 cm, respectively. Finally, PCA principal component analysis was used to classify the rooting seedlings of the above two Dendrobium varieties, and it was concluded that the first-class seedlings of D. Mini Red were the most in light quality culture of R3B3G3, R3B6G1 and R3B6G3 (46.7%-53.3%), and the survival rate of domesticated seedlings reached 100%; however, the first-class seedlings of D. Angel Baby 'Love Pocket' were the most in light quality culture of R6B3G0 (53.3%), and the survival rate of domesticated seedlings reached 100%.【Conclusion】Appropriate combination of red, blue and green LED light quality can promote the tissue culture and growth of clonal seedlings of D. Mini Red and D. Angel Baby 'Love Pocket', and cultivate more high-quality first-class seedlings. The results of this study provide technical reference for the application of LED light source in tissue culture production of ornamental Dendrobium and the standardized production of high-quality seedlings.

The change of soil and water mechanics caused by rainfall infiltration in loose soil is the key to affect stability. At present, most studies focus on the influence of particle size, content and other factors on slope failure. However, the research on the internal water-soil response and spatial-temporal evolution of slope stability is insufficient. Based on a field landslide case, this study explores the deformation and failure processes and mode of loose accumulation slope triggered by rainfall through the flume test, soil mechanics test, and theoretical analysis. The Van Genuchten model (VG model) is used to reconstruct the soil-water characteristic curve of the soil, and the mechanical change of soil and water in the slope and the temporal and spatial evolution of stability are mainly explored. The results show that: (1) The failure processes of the accumulation slope emerge in three stages, that is, the micro-fracture development stage, local failure stage and complete collapse stage, presenting the failure mode of “initial cracking-slope collapsing-plastic sliding”. (2) The volumetric water content and pore water pressure of slope increase rapidly during infiltration, while the matric suction between soil particles decreases or even dissipates, which promotes the development of slope failure. (3) The mechanical strength of soil decreases exponentially with the increasing volumetric water content. When the volumetric water content is 36.3%, the effective cohesion and effective internal friction angle are only 0.27 kPa and 3.39°. (4) Based on the limit equilibrium theory and the monitoring data of slope soil-water characteristics, the spatio-temporal evolution map of slope stability is constructed, which is in good agreement with the failure characteristics of the model test. The research results provide theoretical support for monitoring and early warning of accumulation slope under rainfall and disaster prevention and mitigation.

As an important nutritional and functional base for food, protein powders are widely used in the food processing industry. However, the solubility of protein powders is reduced during the dissolution process due to lumping and agglomeration caused by interfacial effects, which severely limits the application and economic value of food proteins. Food surfactants can effectively bind protein powders and reduce the interfacial effects that occur during the dissolution process. Therefore, food surfactants can be more widely used to improve the solubility of protein powders. This paper reviews the main types of food surfactants, their mechanism of action on protein binding, and their effects on the various stages of protein powder solubilization, intending to provide a theoretical reference for the application of food surfactants in highly soluble protein powders.

The sandstone body of the main oil layer of M oilfield in Wushi Sag is large, and the lithology is mainly gravelly medium-coarse sandstone and sandy conglomerate, followed by fine sandstone.Due to the influence of special sedimentation and diagenesis, the shallow buried oil layer shows the characteristics of high resistivity, while the resistivities of some middle and deep buried oil layers are very close with that of the water layers, which brings great difficulties to the well logging based identification of fluid properties and quantitative evaluation of permeability.Based on the experimental data of NMR, mercury injection and cast thin sections, this paper analyzed the difference in reservoir characteristics between high resistivity reservoirs and low contrast reservoirs from the microscopic view.Then, based on the pore types (intergranular pores, mixed pores and mold pores), the resevoirs were diveded into three types, and the reservoir type classification standard were established. At last, the reservoir type-based permeability estimation models were proposed.The results show that the high irreducible water saturation caused by the complexity of pore structure is the main reason of the low contrast reservoirs. The accuracy of the estimated permeability is significantly improved after reservoir classification, which lays a solid foundation for the formulation and implementation of the oilfield development plan and post drilling evaluation.

In order to screen an optimal thermal protective agent for immunoglobulin G in bovine colostrum, the IgG was extracted from bovine colostrum. Based on single factor experiments, the response value was the retention rate of IgG activity, and the response factors were glycine, maltitol and inulin. Box–Behnken experimental design on three levels and three variables was used for optimization of IgG thermal protectant. The structure of IgG was characterized by Fourier transform infrared Spectroscopy and endogenous fluorescence spectroscopy. The results showed that the best formula of IgG thermal protection agent was: Glycine 0.48%, inulin 14.98%, and maltitol 12.50%. Under these conditions, the IgG activity retention rate at 75 ℃ for 5 min was 36.59%, indicating that the response surface model had high accuracy and the optimized thermal protectant formula had practical application significance. The results of Fourier transform infrared spectrum and endogenous fluorescence spectrum analysis showed that compared with bovine colostrum IgG without compound heat protectant, the β-fold content decreased significantly (P

ObjectivesIn order to solve the problem of the reduced accuracy of integrated navigation when a carrier is disturbed, a confidence check-adaptive federated Kalman filter (CC-AFKF) framework is proposed.MethodsFirst, the electronic compass (EC), global positioning system (GPS) and inertial navigation system (INS) are combined. Second, a confidence check model is constructed to effectively filter out low-confidence measurements in the INS/GPS and INS/EC subsystems, and ensure the accuracy of the measured value. Finally, an adaptive adjustment factor strategy for the INS/GPS and INS/EC systems is proposed to effectively adjust system noise covariance during the update process.ResultsA large number of related tests are carried out through an underwater vehicle equipped with INS/GPS/EC integrated navigation systems. The test results show that the CC-AFKF algorithm proposed in this paper can improve the integrated accuracy of position and velocity by at least 29% compared with typical KF and FKF algorithms.ConclusionsThe results of this study can provide corresponding directions and ideas for research on loosely coupled integrated navigation systems.

As the "decision-making brain" of a pipeline network system, the control centre is a comprehensive decision-making control centre that integrates large amounts of data, rules and expert experience. It is very similar to the development idea and evolution direction of a new generation of artificial intelligence characterized by data driving. Herein, the intelligent and digital transformation plans for the control business of the pipeline companies and the power grid companies at home and abroad were analyzed, and the latest research results were summarized. Then, combined with the latest development of artificial intelligence technology, the basic concepts and functional characteristics of intelligent control were preliminarily put forward based on the demand of natural gas pipeline networks for the control business, namely, to achieve the intelligent perception, prediction and early warning, optimal decision-making, and intelligent control, and ultimately to realize the intelligent control mode based on black screen. Subsequently, the architecture of intelligent control was designed, and the key technologies of the intelligent control layer and the intelligent decision layer, as well as their potential application scenarios, were analyzed. Finally, the research results are expected to provide reference for the development and application of artificial intelligence in the control of pipeline networks in the future.

In this work, operando low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF-NMR) technology was used to quantitatively study the photocatalytic reduction of Cr(Ⅵ) in a real solid-liquid reaction environment. The performance of Ag/g-C3N4 photocatalysts with different loadings of Ag for the photocatalytic reduction of aqueous Cr(Ⅵ) to Cr(Ⅲ) under visible-light irradiation was systematically investigated. The results showed that the addition of Ag cocatalysts (Ag loading amount: 1 wt.%, 2 wt.%, 5 wt.%, and 10 wt.%) significantly enhanced the photocatalytic performance of g-C3N4 photocatalysts, while the optimal content of Ag loading was 5 wt.%, which was greater than that of pristine g-C3N4 by a factor of 4.0. Furthermore, we carried out a quantitative analysis on the concentration of paramagnetic Cr(Ⅲ) ions in solution by using the transverse relaxation time (T2) values, and proved the viability of employing operando LF-NMR relaxometry for monitoring the photocatalytic Cr(Ⅵ) reduction performance.

The stability of large-scale landslide in the reservoir area of hydropower station has an important impact on the safety of dam structure and surrounding people's life and property. Large-scale real-time accurate observation of the stability and deformation trend of this type of landslide can provide reliable early warning and control information for the landslide, which is of great significance. The traditional monitoring methods of landslide in the reservoir area of hydropower station are mainly GNSS monitoring and total station monitoring. In this study, the advanced GB-InSAR system LKR-05-KU-S100 is applied to the monitoring of Cangjiangqiao-Yingpan landslide and Dahua landslide of Dahuaqiao hydropower station on Lancang River. Field monitoring tests show that the system has high precision, and it can carry out long-distance, all-day, all-weather, and large-scale monitoring. It has unique advantages and broad application prospects for the monitoring of large and super-large landslides.

One of the most intriguing features of the Earth's inner core is its temporal variability over decadal time scale. Time-varying sesismic waves traversing the inner core, from high-quality repeating earthquakes, provide unequivocal evidence for the feature. However, the mechanism of the temporal change remains in debate. There have been two competing models, differential rotation of the inner core shifting its lateral heterogeneities and the rapid localized changes of the inner core boundary (ICB). Recent studies suggest that the time-varying seismic waves originate from the interior of the inner core, rather than the ICB. Consequently, the model of differential rotation provides so far the simplest and most reasonable explanation. Inner core is inferred to rotate at the rate of 0.05～0.1 degree per year, with the possibility of decadal fluctuation. The model can reconcile all the time-varying signals observed in previous studies. The investigations on the temporal change of the inner core and its mechanism shed lights on understanding the inner workings of our planet, especially the operation of the geodynamo.

With the development of deep learning, aspect-based sentiment classification has achieved a lot of results in a single field and a single language, but there is room for improvement in multi-fields. By summarizing up the methods of text aspect-based sentiment classification in recent years, the specific application scenarios of sentiment classification were introduced, and the commonly used data sets of aspect-based sentiment classification were categorized. The development of aspect-based sentiment classification were summarized and prospected, and further research can be carried out in the following areas: exploring methods based on graph neural networks to make up for the limitations of deep learning methods; learning to fuse multi-modal data to enrich the emotional information of a single text; developing more targeted research work on multilingual texts and low-resource languages.

Accurate assessment of the level of consciousness of patients with prolonged disorders of consciousness is the basis for making appropriate diagnosis and treatment strategies. It is difficult to make an accurate evaluation only based on the physical examination of nervous system on bedside, and the rate of misdiagnosis is extremely high. With the help of neuroimaging and neuroelectrophysiological monitoring technology, the detection rate of potential consciousness and accuracy of prognosis prediction can be significantly improved. The neuroelectrophysiology technology based on electroencephalography has many advantages such as high cost performance, high temporal resolution, long recording time and so on. This article summarizes the clinical application status and progress of neuroelectrophysiological monitoring technology to provide reference for clinical and scientific research in prolonged disorders of consciousness. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1672⁃6731.2020.11.002

To assess the risks of natural gas gathering and transportation pipelines in Sebei Gas Field and obtain more accurate risk assessment results, the failure possibility and failure consequence assessment factors of China's current semi-quantitative risk assessment specifications were compared and analyzed. According to the operation status of the gas gathering and transportation pipeline in Sebei Gas Field, 11 first-grade factors and 59 second-grade factors for risk assessment were determined. Analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method was used to calculate and correct the weight of failure consequence assessment factors for the gas gathering and transportation pipeline in Sebei Gas Field, and the calculation method of semi-quantitative risk assessment was determined. Two representative natural gas gathering and transportation pipelines in Sebei Gas Field were selected as examples and the risk assessment was carried out with the methods before and after correction respectively. Comparison of the assessment results of the two methods shows that the corrected semi-quantitative risk assessment method is more consistent with the regional characteristics of Sebei Gas Field and the actual risk condition of the pipeline.

Objective To develop a method for the determination of 23 pesticides in vegetables by atmospheric pressure gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (APGC-MS/MS). Methods Acetone was used to extract target compounds in vegetable samples, while multi-walled carbon nanotubes was used as purifying material. The extracts were separated by DB-5MS column (30 m×0.25 mm, 0.25 μm). APGC-MS/MS was operated in positive ion multiple reaction monitoring mode (MRM) for pesticides detection. External standard calibration method was used for quantification. Results The 23 pesticides showed good linearity in the range of 0.01-20 μg/L, with correlation coefficient (R2) above 0.99. The detection limits and quantification limits of 23 pesticide residues in vegetable substrates were 0.02-0.40 and 0.05-1.25 μg/kg, respectively. The recoveries were between 66.7%-110.7% with relative standard deviation (RSD) ≤14.8%. Conclusion The method had high sensitivity, reproductivity and specificity and was suitable for rapid detection of multiple pesticide residues in vegetables.

Objective: To explore the clinical characteristics of progressive macular hypomelanosis and its treatment. Methods: Retrospective analyses of the clinical manifestations and treatment efficacy were made in 30 patients with progressive macular hypomelanosis from October 2013 to October 2018. Results: The main clinical manifestations of progressive macular hypomelanosis were unclear rounded and scaleless hypopigmented macules, with some merge at the center, on the trunks. Microscopic examination for fungi was negative.Spotted red fluorescence on the hypopigmented lesion was visible under the wood lamp. Under confocal scanning microscope, normal pigment rings in all cases and reduced pigment particles in 25 cases were observed.Following 10-week treatments with isotretinoin-erythromycin gel combined with NB-UVB(narrow-band ultraviolet B) radiation twice a week, total effective rate was 80.00%, including 10 cured, 7 almost cured, 7 markedly improved, 3 improved and 3 unimproved. Conclusions: Because progressive macular hypomelanosis is asymptomatic, with minimal clinical manifestations and without specific laboratory examination, it can be easily neglected or misdiagnosed.Topical isotretinoin-erythromycin gel combined with narrow-band ultraviolet B radiation is safe and effective, which is worthy of clinical popularization.

Ischemic stroke brings heavy social and family burden because of its high morbidity, mortality, disability rate and recurrence rate. Intracranial and extracranial atherosclerosis is an important cause of ischemic stroke throughout the world and is associated with a high risk of recurrent stroke. The comprehensive evaluation of atherosclerosis plays an important role in risk stratification and clinical decision making. This paper makes a brief review on the main evaluation indexes and common assessments of intracranial and extracranial atherosclerosis. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2015.03.005

The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of salt stress on seed yield, quality, and physiological processes in rapeseed. During rapeseed growing season from 2020 to 2022, two different soil salinity levels of low soil salinity (LS) and high soil salinity (HS) were conducted for rapeseed planting in Dafeng city, Jiangsu province, China (33°24'N, 120°35'E). The results indicated that, compared with LS treatment, the biomass accumulation under HS treatment was decreased by 18.46%-35.67% at the early flowering stage, and 20.92%-46.03% at maturity stage, respectively. HS treatment increased the proportion of dry biomass distribution in roots and leaves and decreased the proportion of stem and branch distribution at the early flowering stage, and increased the proportion of root, stem, and branch distribution and decreased the proportion of pod and seed distribution at maturity stage. Moreover, compared with LS treatment, HS treatment decreased the accumulations of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) in various organs at both early flowering and maturity stages, and decreased the efficiency of C and N translocation in stems, branches, and leaves at reproductive stage, indicating that salt stress inhibited C and N assimilation and translocation, and ultimately led to a decrease in seed yield. Besides, C/N in all organs under HS treatment was lower than that under LS treatment, indicating that the adverse effects of salt stress on C assimilation were more intensive than those on N assimilation, which resulted in the increased seed protein content by 8.23% and decreased oil content by 4.42%. In addition, compared with LS treatment, HS treatment decreased net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), transpiration rate (Tr), and instantaneous carboxylation efficiency (CE); however, it increased intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) and water use efficiency (WUE), which indicating that the effects of salt stress on rapeseed photosynthesis were mainly attributed to the non-stomatal factors. HS treatment increased peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content by 27.41% and 42.33% compared with LS treatment. The superoxide (SOD) activity, catalase (CAT) activity, ascorbic acid (AsA) content, soluble protein content, and soluble sugar content under HS treatment were increased by 65.54%, 22.85%, 29.68%, 9.75%, and 16.84%, compared with LS treatment, respectively. In conclusion, salt stress decreased the yield and changed quality by inhibiting C and N assimilation and photosynthesis in rapeseed, which could improve the antioxidants and osmotic regulation ability to adapt to salt stress environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aseismic capability of the water intake tower-traffic bridge, a crucial component of the reservoir's infrastructure, is essential for ensuring the safe operation of the reservoir after an earthquake. Taking the water intake tower-traffic bridge at Shenzhen Beikeng Reservoir as an example, its seismic response was analyzed with finite element method, and its aseismic safety was evaluated. The maximum transverse displacement of the traffic bridge is 3.15 cm, and the minimum distance between adjacent decks is 2.97 cm during the design earthquake. There is no occurrence of beam dropping or collision between adjacent bridge panels. The traffic bridge experiences significant amplification of seismic accelerations in the earthquake. The maximum amplification for the bridge deck's transverse seismic acceleration is 4.01, and for the longitudinal direction, it is 3.36. During the design earthquake, the dynamic shear stress levels in the pier columns of the bridge are not high, indicating that column shear failure is unlikely. However, there are relatively high tensile stress values on the outer vertical side of the bottom of the pier columns. Additionally, the lower beams of the bridge piers exhibit high tensile stress on both the top and bottom surfaces. To ensure the seismic safety of the bridge pier structure, anti-seismic reinforcements are necessary at pier columns and beams. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to explore the impact of raw materials and heat treatment on the processing quality of lotus root whole powder, different varieties and different growth periods of lotus root were selected, and the effects of steam heating at 100 $ and 120 $ on product color, sugar content, digestion characteristics, thermodynamic properties and gelatiniza- tion characteristics were investigated. The results revealed variations in nutrient composition and digestive characteristics among different cultivars and growth stages of lotus root. Heat treatment led to changes in the qualities of whole powder. Especially, total starch content decreased by 2.48%-18.41%, with an increase in the ratio of fast digestible starch by 19.06%-34.56%, slow digestible starch by 28.66%-57.70%, while resistant starch decreased by 48.56%-87.21%. Digestion patterns for saccharides altered significantly, resulting in a rise in total release amount of reducing sugar by 14.05% -93.78%. The initial, peak and termination temperatures of gelatinization significantly decreased (P<0.05), and the valley viscosity and final viscosity of high pressure heating powder also significantly decreased (P<0.05). Heat treatment significantly influenced nutritional characteristics and flushing characteristics of lotus root powder; these findings can serve as valuable references for controlling its processing quality: [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]