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Objective: To investigate the differences in metabolites of Chinese nectarine, peento, yellow peach, Yangshan honey peach and Xinyi honey peach by using non-target metabolomics. Methods: 250 Fresh peaches of comparable maturity were used as test materials, and the fresh peach pulp was determined by high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole tandem time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF-MS), and the metabolites of different varieties of fresh peaches were investigated by principal component analysis and metabolite variability analysis. Results: A total of 74 metabolites were detected, mainly phenolic acids, flavanols, flavonols, anthocyanins, amino acids, glycosides, iridoid glycosides, B vitamins, etc. PCA analysis revealed that compared with the other 4 fresh peaches, Yangshan honey peach had higher contents of 7-hydroxycoumarin, pinocembrin, chlorogenic acid, neochlorogenic acid, epicatechin, procyanidin A2, cryptochlorogenic acid, plantagoside, procyanidin B2, and lower levels of vitamin B2, kaempferol, rutin. Based on OPLS-DA analysis, 4 fresh peaches were screened for differential metabolites with Yangshan honey peach respectively. Nectarine had 18 species of procyanidin B3 and other metabolites, peento had 12 species of procyanidin B2 and other metabolites, yellow peach had 18 species of procyanidin A2 and other metabolites, and Xinyi honey peach had 15 species of procyanidin C1 and other metabolites, which could be used as a potential biomarker to differentiate between Yangshan honey peach and the other 4 fresh peaches. In this study, the differential metabolites of the 5 fresh peaches were mainly plant polyphenolic compounds, and chlorogenic acid and procyanidin metabolites were high in Yangshan honey peach, which were the key differential metabolites. Conclusion: The non-target metabolomics technology can effectively distinguish the five fresh peaches, which is feasible for the identification of fresh peaches, and can be used to assist the qualitative identification of fresh peaches and deep-processed fresh peaches as an important basis for the identification of true and false Yangshan honey peaches, and it is of great significance to protect the development of Yangshan honey peach speciality industry.

Data, recognized as a fundamental strategic resource and key production factor for a nation, has served as the foundational resource and innovation engine for economic and social development. The financial industry, characterized by its data-intensive and technology-driven nature, necessitates the optimal allocation of data assets to facilitate industrial upgrading. However, financial data commonly exhibits issues such as uneven distribution, information asymmetry, and data silos, which have prevented data from fully realizing its value. To address these challenges, various generative models have been actively adopted by financial institutions to synthesize highly realistic data, thereby breaking down data barriers and monopolies, and shaping the future trend of the financial industry. Among these models, Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) have emerged as particularly popular, demonstrating impressive performance across various fields and showing great potential in generating financial tabular data, financial time series, and detecting financial fraud. The advantages of the GAN model compared with other generative models in the financial field were analyzed. The GAN models that have been applied to the financial field since Generative Adversarial Networks were proposed in 2014 were presented, and the principles of each model were introduced. The application practice of the GAN model in generating financial tabular data, generating financial time series, and financial fraud detection, as well as other financial data fields, was explored. Finally, the challenges and development direction of GANs for the future were discussed, taking into account the actual situation in China.

In order to explore the formation pathways of 5-(α-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-6)-α-D-glucopyranosyloxymenthyl)-2-furancarboxaldehyde (5-GGMF), a pigment formed during the process of sugar smoking, the thermal decomposition reaction site of sucrose, the dehydration reaction modes between glucose and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) and between two molecules of glucose, and the formation pathways of 5-HMF and 5-GGMF were analyzed by quantum chemical calculation. The results showed that the initial position of thermal decomposition of sucrose was the cleavage of fructosyl-oxygen bond. van der Waals force played a leading role in the complexes formed by the interaction between glucose and 5-HMF and between two molecules of glucose, and the intermolecular dehydration reaction was promoted by strong hydrogen bonding. The formation of 5-HMF from the glucose moiety formed after the pyrolysis of sucrose needed more activation energy than from the fructose moiety formed with a lower reaction rate, indicating that the fructose moiety was more prone to form 5-HMF. Among the two formation pathways of 5-HMF from the fructose moiety, pathway 5 was more prone to occur than pathway 4, because pathway 5 showed obvious advantages in energy and reaction kinetics. In the formation pathways of 5-GGMF from sucrose, the energy barrier of the transglycosylation pathway was overall lower, which was more favorable than the disaccharide dehydration and trisaccharide dehydration pathways. Among them, pathway C2, including three steps: the pyrolysis of sucrose to produce fructose and glucose, the reaction of glucose with 5-HMF to form 5-glucosyloxymethylfurfural (5-GMF), and the reaction of 5-GMF with a molecule of free glucose to produce 5-GGMF, was most conducive to the generation of 5-GGMF from both an energy barrier and kinetic perspective. The results of this study can provide a theoretical basis and reference for controlling and intervening in the color of sugar smoked products in the future.

Aeromonas hydrophila (Family: Aeromonadaceae) is a traditional aquatic animal pathogen. It has been widely prevalent in our country since the 1980s and 1990s, causing diseases in a series of freshwater fish, leading to serious economic losses. It has been confirmed to be one of the main pathogens in freshwater aquaculture worldwide. The American shad (Alosa sapidissima) is one of the biggest shad in the world and grows much faster than other shad. Because of its delicious taste as reeves shad (Tenualosa reevesii), American shad were introduced into China from the USA by the Shanghai Fisheries Research Institute for local farming in 1998 and is widely welcomed in Shanghai, Jiangsu, and Zhejiang Provinces. In recent years, with the rapid development of the American shad culturing, fish diseases have become a major threat to fish farming. However, because most of the American shad are cultured in extensive ponds, few diseases have been reported in China. In this study, we reported a case of A. hydrophila infection in American shad. In 2021, the disease outbreak was observed in American shad cultured in Linyi City, Shandong Province, with severe mortality. The daily mortality could be up to 2.5%. The fish were cultured in indoor ponds for breeding and outdoor ponds when fish reached 300 g. The American shad were cultured with underground water and water was changed 1–3 times daily. The water temperature was 18–20 ℃. The fish were fed largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) commercial feed, and the daily feeding rate was approximately 2%. The disease broke out in the indoor ponds first, and then in outdoor ponds. The cumulative mortality was approximately 90% in 2 months. Enrofloxacin was administered orally, but no effects were observed and the disease continued to progress. The typical disease symptoms in the American shad were furunculosis or ulceration, with shedding scales and surface bleeding, especially on the tail, sometimes swollen and pus-filled. In autopsies of the diseased fish, ascites were found in the fish abdomen, and dark red necrosis on the liver, with sepsis and enteritis. The liver, spleen, and kidney of American shad with typical symptoms were collected and cut into about 1 cm3 tissue blocks, immersed in Davidson's Fixative (Davidson's AFA) for 24 h, and preserved in 70% ethanol. The tissues were mounted onto glass slides with hematoxylin and eosin staining for histological analysis. Histopathological results showed swollen liver cells, vacuolar degeneration, basophilia, and diffuse necrosis; the spleen showed hemorrhagic anemic necrosis, nuclear rupture, and atrophy. Glomerular atrophy of the renal corpuscle, cells in the proximal and distal tubules cytoarchitectural loss, and necrosis and shedding of kidney lymphocytes was also observed. No parasite was found on the fish surface, fins, in the gills, or internal organs with the naked eye and a light microscope. Freshwater viruses, such as Cyprinus herpesvirus type 2, largemouth bass ranavirus, megalocytivirus, and rhabdovirus, were checked by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and no viruses were detected. The liver, spleen, and kidney of the diseased fish were sampled and cultured in tryptic soy agar medium (TSA) and Luria-Bertani agar medium (LB) plate medium at 28 ℃ for 24 h. Several pure and dominant colonies with the same morphology were observed on all the plates. These colonies were purified and cultured. The 16S rRNA gene sequencing results of all the purified colonies showed that the dominant strains were of the same species. The typical isolate was purified and named AS-AH2101. The results of biochemical identification with Biolog GenⅢ showed that the isolate AS-AH2101 was negative to gentiobiose, stachyose, D-raffinose, α-D-lactose, D-melibiose, 3-methyl glucose, D-fucose, D-sorbitol, D-arabitol, and Myo-inositol, while positive to dextrin, D-maltose, D-trehalose, D-cellobiose, sucrose, D-turanose, and β-methyl-D-glucoside. According to the Biolog GenⅢ identification system database, the biochemical characterization of AS-AH2101 was similar to that of A. hydrophila, with a confidence of 0.999. The 16S rRNA gene sequence of AS-AH2101 was submitted to GenBank databases under the accession number OP787967 and blasted in GenBank and EzTaxon. Comparison of the 16S rRNA gene sequences showed 99%−100% identity with those of A. hydrophila. The phylogenetic tree was constructed using Mega 7 with the Aeromonas typical strains 16S rRNA gene sequences obtained from GenBank, and the phylogenetic analysis also clustered AS-AH2101 with A. hydrophila. Thus, the molecular analysis results identified the SC18032201 strains as A. hydrophila, and the phenotype also supported this result. Because of the strong stress response of American shad, it is difficult to perform the experimental culturing and infection in the laboratory. As a classic pathogenic infection model organism in aquatic animals, blue gourami (Trichogaster trichopterus) is a traditional model for fish pathogen study and has been widely used in the research of A. hydrophilia and E. piscicida. Therefore, in this study, blue gouramis were used as the model organism for virulence evaluation of AS-AH2101 in the experimental infection. The results of the challenge experiment showed that the death of the blue gourami infected via intramuscular injection was observed on the third day post infection. The infected fish showed redness, bleeding, and scale shedding at the injection site, congestion or bleeding at the base of the fin, abdominal ascites, and liver necrosis, which were similar to the naturally infected American shad. The isolate strain AS-AH2101 showed high virulence to blue gouramis, with the median lethal dose (LD50) of 3.23×104 CFU/fish. The virulence genes of A. hydrophilia were also detected by PCR, and results indicated that AS-AH2101 possessed six virulence genes, including aerolysin (aerA), hemolysin (hlyA), extracellular protease (ahpA), anti-metalloproteinases (ast), enterotoxin (altA), and quorum sensing gene (luxS). Antibiotic sensitivity studies showed that AS-AH2101 was resistant to cefradine, amoxicillin, ampicillin, and erythromycin. These results provided important information for disease control and A. hydrophila prevention and control of American shad culturing in China.

Anthocyanidin reductase is one of the key enzyme involved in the synthesis of flavonoids. In order to explore the structure of ANR gene, ANR enzyme expression pattern and flavonoid content under drought stress and their correlation, a HrANR gene identified from RNA-seq data of sea buckthorn was screened and analyzed by bioinformatics soft, the expression patterns of HrANR gene in different tissues and of flavonoid contents in leaves were performed. The results were as follows: (1) The ORF of HrANR gene was 1 017 bp, which encoded 338 amino acids. It was a stable hydrophilic protein, and the homologous protein had significant family and genus characteristics. (2) HrANR gene was expressed in roots, stems and leaves of sea buckthorn under drought stress, but the expression trends were different, with an increase followed by a decrease and then an increase in roots, a continuous decrease in stems, and an increase followed by a continuous decrease in leaves. (3) The flavonoid contents in leaves of sea buckthorn under different levels of stress showed a trend that first increased continuously and then decreased slightly, increased to the highest point after rehydration. The above results indicated that the expression of HrANR gene and the changes of flavonoid content were closely related to the drought resistance of sea buckthorn. The flavonoid content in leaves was positively correlated with drought stress at the beginning of drought stress and negatively correlated with drought stress under severe stress. (4) Leaf expression, stem expression and flavonoid content of HrANR gene were negatively correlated (Pleaf= -0.751, Pstem= -0.934) and root expression was positively correlated with flavonoid content (Proot= 0.444). The above results indicate that the expression of HrANR genes and changes of flavonoid content in sea buckthorn are closely related to drought resistance, and it provides a reference for elucidating the drought resistance mechanism of sea buckthorn.

At present, the research on spent fuel reprocessing technology, especially the research on solvent extraction technology has been paid more and more attention. The radionuclides in aqueous solution were extracted with organic diluent containing extractant. This paper aims to review and discuss the extraction performance and radiation stability of phosphorus-containing extractants, especially neutral phosphorus extractants, used in spent fuel reprocessing(solvent extraction) in the past decade. For neutral phosphine extractants, the extraction performance and radiation stability are affected by other factors such as its own structure, diluent type, etc. The decrease of the number of P—O bonds in the extractant would improve the extraction performance. The increase of alkyl chain length or the introduction of branched chain(such as methyl, ethyl and phenyl) can improve the radiation stability. In addition, the organic phase with ionic liquid as diluent can reduce the irradiation of the organic phase. Therefore, the study of the relationship between the structure of phosphorus-containing extractants and their extraction performance and radiation stability are conducive to select the extractant suitable for spent fuel reprocessing. It is also of great significance to select the structure with excellent extraction performance and radiation stability to guide the synthesis of new phosphorus-containing extractants.

This paper briefly summarized the structural characteristics of earthquake zones, the frequency of seismic activities, the number of primary and secondary school students and the volume of earthquake prevention and disaster reduction science popularization team in China. Taking “National Security Education Day for Primary and Secondary School Students” as an example, through two aspects of traditional science popularization education and new media science popularization education, seven specific forms of science popularization education are introduced, including earthquake emergency evacuation drills, lectures on science popularization knowledge, thematic research, knowledge competitions, live broadcast on mobile Internet, online education cloud platform, and intelligent digital interactive experience. These provided some valuable references for relevant functional departments of earthquake, education, emergency management, and primary and secondary schools to carry out a series of activities of earthquake prevention and disaster reduction science popularization education for primary and secondary school students. By promoting the continuous enrichment of earthquake prevention and disaster reduction science popularization forms and the continuous improvement of primary and secondary school students’ awareness and ability of earthquake prevention and disaster reduction, the broad masses of primary and secondary school students will gradually become “the future of the country” who understand earthquakes, respect earthquakes, and understand how to prevent earthquake hazards.

ObjectiveTo examine the implementation of diabetes health management project and its influence on knowledge awareness, health behavior, medication, and blood glucose control among the diabetes patients with the standardized management for the improvement of the project. MethodsUsing multistage random sampling, we recruited 3 995 diabetes patients aged 35 years and over and being followed-up in the Survey for Assessment on Chronic Disease Patients Management in the National Primary Public Health Services in 8 provincial level administrative divisions. A questionnaire survey and peripheral blood glucose test were conducted among the participants during August – October 2018. Binary logistic regression model was used to analyze the impact of standardized management on diabetes patients′ knowledge awareness, health behavior, medication and blood glucose control. ResultsOf the 3 938 participants with complete information, 71.28%, 88.69%, 51.98% reported having standardized management (receiving 4 times and more health care follow-ups per year), medication for diabetes, and effective blood glucose control (fasting and postprandial blood glucose < 7.0 and < 10.0 mmol/L), respectively. Compared with those without standardized management, the participants with the management reported significantly higher ratios of relevant knowledge awareness (56.11% vs. 41.54%), better dietary diversity score (48.79% vs.43.26%), and effective blood glucose control (53.16% vs. 47.96%) (all P < 0.05) but significantly lower ratios of current smoking (10.17% vs. 12.49%) and alcohol consumption during past one year (13.34% vs. 18.78%) (both P < 0.05 ). Binary logistic regression analysis showed that the standardized management on diabetes patients was significantly correlated positively with the patients′ better knowledge awareness and better dietary diversity, and negatively with the patients′ current smoking and alcohol drinking (all P < 0.05). ConclusionThe standardized management on diabetes patients was positively related to the patients′ better knowledge awareness and dietary diversity but negatively related to the patients′ current smoking and alcohol drinking, suggesting that the management achieved good primary outcomes in China.

Aeromonas salmonicida is an important pathogen that can infect a variety of marine and freshwater fish. There are five subspecies of Aeromonas salmonicida: A. salmonicida subsp. salmonicida, A. salmonicida subsp. smithia, A. salmonicida subsp. achromogenes, A. salmonicida subsp. masoucida, and A. salmonicida subsp. pectinolytica. Traditionally, the detection of A. salmonicida has been based on 16S rRNA sequencing and physiological and biochemical characterization, but it is difficult to identify the subspecies using these methods. Outer membrane protein (A-layer protein, VapA), which is encoded by the vapA gene and regulated by the luxS gene, is an important secretion protein of A. salmonicida. It is involved in bacterial self-agglutination induction, macrophage phagocytosis resistance, and provides protection against chemicals such as antibiotics and disinfectants. In addition, the vapA gene is also an effective molecular marker for the identification of A. salmonicida subspecies, however, gene sequencing and phylogenetic analysis are required for subspecies determination. To establish an accurate and sensitive rapid detection of A. salmonicida subspecies, in this study we tried to establish a specific PCR method for A. salmonicida subsp. salmonicida and A. salmonicida subsp. masoucida identification. Based on genome analysis, the phoB and LOC111476736 genes were used as molecular markers for PCR amplification with specific primers designed according to the sequences in the GenBank database. The target gene was amplified using the genomic DNA of A. salmonicida subsp. salmonicida or A. salmonicida subsp. masoucida, and the method was optimized to improve the efficiency and accuracy of distinguishing these two subspecies from other pathogens in aquaculture. First, the annealing temperature, primer concentration, dNTPs concentration, Mg2+ concentration, and enzyme dosage of the PCR system were optimized to improve the sensitivity of the detection method. The results showed that the primers could amplify the phoB gene fragment of 522 bp and the LOC111476736 gene fragment of 515 bp. The optimal annealing temperature of specific primers for A. salmonicida subsp. salmonicida was 64 ℃, and the optimal volume of 10 μmol/L primers, 2 mmol/L dNTPs, 25 mmol/L MgSO4, and 1 U/µL enzyme were 1.5 µL, 2.0 µL, 1.5 µL, and 0.5 μL (25 μL reaction system), respectively. The optimum annealing temperature of specific primers for A. salmonicida subsp. masoucida was 64 ℃, and the optimum volume of 10 µmol/L primers, 2 mmol/L dNTPs, 25 mmol/L MgSO4, and 1 U/µL enzyme were 0.75 µL, 1.00 µL, 1.50 µL, and 0.50 µL (25 μL reaction system), respectively. The sensitivity of the detection method was determined using a gradient diluted A. salmonicida subsp. salmonicida ATCC33658 bacterin as the template, and the target band could not be amplified when the bacterin concentration was lower than 12.8 CFU/reaction. The detection limit of A. salmonicida subsp. salmonicida based on the phoB gene sequence established in this study was 12.8 CFU/reaction. With DNA as the template, when the concentration of the DNA template was lower than 17.6 fg/reaction, the target band could not be amplified. Thus, the detection limit of specific primers based on the phoB gene sequence for A. salmonicida subsp. salmonicida was 17.6 fg/reaction. When the gradient dilution of A. salmonicida subsp. masoucida ATCC27013 bacterin was used as the template, the target band could not be amplified when the bacterin concentration was lower than 23.8 CFU/reaction. Thus, the detection limit of the method for A. salmonicida subsp. masoucida, based on the LOC111476736 gene sequence was 23.8 CFU/reaction. With DNA of ATCC27013 as the template, when the concentration of the DNA template was lower than 27.2 fg/reaction, the target band could not be amplified. Thus, in this study, the detection limit of DNA for A. salmonicida subsp. masoucida using specific primers designed according to the LOC111476736 gene sequence was 27.2 fg/reaction. The specificity of the detection method using specific primers based on the phoB and LOC111476736 genes was also determined in this study. Aquaculture pathogens or environmental bacteria, such as Vibrio anguillarum, Photobacterium damselae, Edwardsiella piscicida, Escherichia coli, Aeromonas hydrophila, Vibrio harveyi, Aeromonas encheleia, Streptococcus parauberis, Streptococcus iniae, Streptococcus dysgalactiae, and Bacillus subtilis, were used as templates for specificity testing. No specific products were found for any of the other pathogens tested. The specific PCR products could only be amplified from the bacterins of A. salmonicida subsp. salmonicida or A. salmonicida subsp. masoucida. We also tested the application of detection methods using an experimentally infected turbot as a model. Turbot was infected with A. salmonicida subsp. salmonicida strain ASS20200608XZ11L or A. salmonicida subsp. masoucida strain ASM20160705RZ6S by intramuscular injection. All turbot died within 7 days post-infection, and the liver, spleen, and kidney of moribund fish were used as templates. The results showed that the established method could accurately detect A. salmonicida subsp. salmonicida or A. salmonicida subsp. masoucida in the turbot, without nonspecific amplification in the tissues of the healthy turbot. In conclusion, we established a specific PCR method to detect two subspecies of A. salmonicida, and these methods could be used as effective tools for investigating the epidemiology of A. salmonicida.

The treatment and disposal of high level liquid waste(HLLW) is an important factor affecting the sustainable development of nuclear energy. The extraction separation of high-heat-release nuclide 137Cs from HLLW is not only beneficial to the safe disposal of HLLW, but also meeting the needs of 137Cs in many industry fields. In this work, the extraction process for 137Cs from HLLW was proposed with calixcrown as extractant. The process was tested with simulated and real HLLW with a recovery percentage of 99.9% for Cs(Ⅰ) and 99.95% for 137Cs, respectively. The results show that the proposed process for Sr extraction has a bright future in the treatment of commercial HLLW and the recovery of 137Cs in China.

The electrolytic separation of actinides(An) from fission products(FPs) on solid Al cathode is one of the most promising pyrochemical reprocessing processes. In this work, the electrochemical behaviour of Pu3+ on active Al solid cathode was studied through the transient electrochemical method. Based on the results of cyclic voltammetry(CV) and square wave voltammetry(SWV), Pu3+ can be reduced into alloy through a onestep threeelectrons transfer process on Al cathode, and the reaction is irreversible. The relationship between the reduction potential of the alloy formed by Pu3+ with Al and temperature is EΘ,*(Pu3+/PuAln)(vs. Cl-/Cl2)=-2.944+9.84×10-4T. Five Pu alloys(involving Pu3Al, PuAl, PuAl2, PuAl3, and PuAl4) are formed according to the results of open circuit chronopotentiometry(OCP) together with phase diagrams of Pu-Al. Furthermore, the formation Gibbs free energies of PuAl4 at different temperature are calculated.

Fast reactor spent fuel with high burnup has the characteristics of high plutonium content, high radioactivity and high heat release rate. The aqueous reprocessing based on solvent extraction principle has the problem of solvent radiolysis. It is better to adopt the dry reprocessing. Dry reprocessing based molten salt electrolysis using irradiation-resistant inorganic salts as media, through electrochemical separation and recovery of actinide, is the most promising dry reprocessing technology. In the process of molten salt electrolytic dry reprocessing, the electrorefining unit is the core link which is responsible for the actinide separation. In this paper, the research and development progress of electrorefiner in the dry reprocessing of spent fuel is investigated, and the key technologies and development trend of electrorefiner are analyzed, which provides a reference for the research and development of fast reactor spent fuel reprocessing in China.

The greenfin horse-faced filefish (Thamnaconus septentrionalis) and rockfish (Sebastes schlegeli) occupy important positions in the offshore net fishery in Shandong Province. Interest in their mariculture has been developing rapidly in recent years as candidates for submerged cage open-sea aquaculture. With the development of breeding techniques and the expansion of large- scale farming, fish disease may become a serious constraint that limits sustainable aquaculture and leads to great economic losses. Epidemiological investigation is the basis of disease control and should be carried out throughout the culture process. In this study, we describe the diseases of T. septentrionalis and S. schlegeli caused by Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. masoucida. In November 2018, an outbreak of T. septentrionalis disease was observed in a farm located in Penglai, Shandong Province, and an outbreak of S. schlegeli disease occurred in the same farm in April 2019, with daily mortalities of 0.4%~1% and about 1%, respectively. The main symptoms in the diseased fish were ulcers, redness, swelling, and bleeding in the mouth. Most diseased fish in the ponds showed "red mouth". No parasites were observed by the naked eye or light microscope. From the liver, spleen, and kidney of all the diseased fish, many homogeneous colonies were observed after three days incubation on TSA and 2216E agar plates. All strains had the same shape, color, and size, and the 16S rRNA genes of all strains were the same, with high identity with A. salmonicida. The virulence of the isolates was tested experimentally via injection with T. septentrionalis (infected by 2018TS-1) and S. schlegeli (infected by 2019SS-1) in the laboratory to calculate the median lethal dose (LD50). The results showed that the LD50 of 2018TS-1 to T. septentrionalis was 1.78×105 CFU/fish, and that of 2019SS-1 to S. schlegeli was 0.89×105 CFU/fish. The dead fish of the experimentally infected group showed ulcers and red mouth, the same symptoms as in naturally infected fish. Dominant colonies isolated from experimentally infected fish were all identified as A. salmonicida by 16S rRNA gene sequencing, which indicated that 2018TS-1 and 2019SS-1 were the pathogens of T. septentrionalis and S. schlegeli, respectively. Bacterial identification was carried out by 16S rRNA gene analysis and Biolog Gen Ⅲ characterization. The 16S rRNA gene sequences of 2018TS-1 and 2019SS-1 (Gene Bank: OK258319 and OK258320) isolated from T. septentrionalis and S. schlegeli were analyzed using MEGA5, and the phylogenetic tree derived from 16S rRNA gene sequences clustered the isolates with A. salmonicida. Among the Biolog Gen Ⅲ tests, 31 produced positive reactions or weak positive reactions for both strains (Dextrin, D-Maltose, D-Trehalose, D-Cellobiose, Sucrose, β-Methyl-D-Glucoside, D-Salicin, α-D-Glucose, D-Mannose, D-Fructose, D-Mannitol, Glycerol, Gelatin, Glycyl-L-Proline, L-Arginine, D-Gluconic Acid, Methyl Pyruvate, L-Malic Acid, Bromo-Succinic Acid, Tween 40, α-Keto-Butyric Acid, Acetoacetic Acid, Propionic Acid, Acetic Acid, pH 6, 1% NaCl, 1% Sodium Lactate, L-Aspartic Acid, L-Glutamic Acid, L-Histidine, and L-Serine), and two weak positive reactions for 2019SS-1, while the others were negative. According to the Biolog database, both strains were identified as A. salmonicida. Based on the molecular analysis of 16S rRNA genes and Biolog Gen Ⅲ phenotype results, the isolates were identified as A. salmonicida. The vapA gene, which encodes the outer membrane protein (A-layer protein) and causes the auto-aggregation of bacteria, is a conserved gene with some variation region in A. salmonicida. vapA gene typing is an effective and important method for classifying the molecular types and subspecies of this fish. vapA gene typing was also used in this study to identify subspecies of strains isolated from T. septentrionalis and S. schlegeli. The vapA gene sequences of 2018TS-1 and 2019SS-1 (Gene Bank: OK300094 and OK300095) were analyzed using MEGA5 with type strains obtained from Gene Bank. The phylogenetic tree derived from the vapA gene sequences clustered 2018TS-1 and 2019SS-1 with type strain ATCC 27013, indicating that the strains isolated from T. septentrionalis and S. schlegeli belonged to A. salmonicida subsp. masoucida, similar to the A-layer type Ⅶ strains, which are all from the northeast Asian and Canadian coasts in the Pacific Ocean. Based on the experimental infection, 16S rRNA sequence analysis, Biolog Gen Ⅲ characterization, and vapA gene typing, we confirmed that A. salmonicida subsp. masoucida is the pathogen of T. septentrionalis and S. schlegeli, and the cause of these two diseases on the farm. This is the first report of T. septentrionalis and S. schlegeli infected by A. salmonicida in industrial aquaculture, as well as the first report of a disease of T. septentrionalis in culture. It has been reported that A. salmonicida subsp. masoucida can infect Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), turbot (Scophthalmus maximus), sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria), and tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis) cultured in Shandong Province. In this study, we expanded the host list of A. salmonicida subsp. masoucida to include two new species in aquaculture, T. septentrionalis and S. schlegeli, on the same farm, indicating that A. salmonicida subsp. masoucida may translate and adapt to a new host in a short period. Considering the increasing host and economic losses caused by A. salmonicida in fish culture, the prevention of A. salmonicida subsp. masoucida should be an important objective for mariculture in the future.

In order to improve the dredging effect of the blocked mining-induced fracture field by pulsating hydraulic scouring technology, the flow characteristics of pulsating water flow in fracture and the influence of pulsating hydraulic parameters on the migration mass of deposited particles in the fracture were studied; the relationship between the coefficient of pressure pulsating intensity and the migration mass of deposited particles in fracture was studied. The results show that the fluid flow rate and pressure difference in the fracture fluctuated under the pulsating hydraulic condition, the average velocity is smaller than that of constant flow. Also, the average velocity decreases significantly with the increase of pulsating amplitude, and increases slightly with the increase of pressure pulsating period; the variation of the migration mass of deposited particles with the pulsating amplitude conforms to the law of linear increase, and decreases slowly with the increase of pulsating fluctuation period; in addition, the coefficient of pulsating fluctuation intensity increases with the pulsating amplitude increasing and decreases with the pulsating fluctuation period increasing. Furthermore, the increase of the pulsating fluctuation intensity coefficient is the fundamental reason for the significant improvement of the migration mass of deposited particles in fracture under pulsating hydraulic conditions.

The dissolution process of oxides is a key step in the pyrochemical process of spent oxide fuel by electrolyzing in molten salt. The dissolved products will provide feeds for subsequent separation and recovery of U and Pu. The solubility and dissolution rate of oxides in molten salt systems are generally low. In order to meet process requirements, it is usually necessary to introduce chlorinating reagents. With different chlorinating reagents, the dissolution mechanism is quite different. Through extensive literature investigation, the related principles and characteristics of various chlorinating reagents in the chlorination process were analyzed and compared, which provided guidance for the research on chlorination and dissolution of U and Pu oxides in China.

The extraction of Np(Ⅳ) from nitric acid medium by using di(1-methyl-heptyl) methyl phosphonate diluted in kerosene was investigated. The influences were studied in this research including the contact time, the concentration of DMHMP, HNO3 as well as nitrate and the temperature. Slope analyses indicate that Np(Ⅳ) is coordinated mainly in the form of neutral molecules and the extractant complex is Np(NO3)4·2DMHMP. The value of enthalpy change for the reaction is negative which means that the extraction of Np(Ⅳ) is an exothermic process.

In this study, the chlorination mechanism and influencing factors of uranium oxides(mainly U3O8) were studied by using CCl4 and HCl gas as chlorination reagents respectively. The chlorination of U3O8 powder was studied with CCl4 as chlorination reagent. The mechanism and kinetic behavior of the chlorination reaction were studied by thermogravimetric analysis. The main chlorination product is UCl4. The chlorination of different types and morphologies of uranium oxide by CCl4 was also studied. The UO2 pellets are difficult to chlorinate due to their very dense structure. UO2 powder and UO3 powder are easily chlorinated by CCl4, and the chlorination products are UCl4 and UCl6 respectively. The chlorination of U3O8 powders in LiCl-KCl molten salt system was carried out using HCl gas as the chlorination reagent. The effects of reaction temperature, chlorination time, HCl gas flow rate, feeding amount of U3O8 powder, and uranium oxide types and morphologies were studied. The results show that increasing the reaction temperature, prolonging the reaction time, and increasing the HCl gas flow rate are beneficial to the improvement of the chlorination rate. The process parameters of HCl gas chlorinated U3O8 powder are recommended as follows: the chlorination reaction temperature is 500 ℃, and the flow rate of HCl gas is 0.6 L/min.

In order to obtain the Johnson-Cook（J-C） constitutive parameters that can exactly reflect the plastic flow behavior of the workpiece material under the coupling effect of high temperature, high strain rate and large deformation occurred in high-speed cutting, and make it to suitable for the high-speed cutting simulation. The J-C parameters of Ti-6 Al-4 V was optimized with using the response surface approximation and multi-objective optimization methods to apply it to high-speed cutting simulation. Results show that the optimized constitutive parameters could describe the plastic flow behavior of the workpiece material accurately in a wide range of cutting speeds, and the simulated chip morphologies and the average cutting forces are in good agreement with the experimental results.

ObjectiveTo investigate the characteristics of polysomnography （PSG） in depression patients complicating moderate-to-severe obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome （OSAHS）.MethodsA retrospective analysis was conducted on the outpatients， inpatients and physical examination population who completed overnight PSG monitoring in the sleep medicine center of Suzhou Guangji Hospital from December 2017 to October 2019. Four groups of subjects were finally enrolled， including depression patients with moderate-to-severe OSAHS （n=31）， depression patients without OSAHS （n=79）， moderate-to-severe OSAHS patients （n=96） and normal control group （n=32）. The sleep process related indicators （total sleep time， sleep latency， number of awakenings）， sleep structure related indicators （N1， N2， N3， percentage of REM sleep， REM latency， REM sleep duration）， sleep-related respiratory variables （oxygen reduction index） and other polysomnographic parameters of the four groups were compared.ResultsIn terms of sleep process， the total sleep time， sleep latency and number of awakenings yielded significant differences among the four groups （F=2.874， 3.959， 12.291， P

This paper aims to comprehensively analyze quality features of commercial whole grain dried noodles and provide data reference for the formulation standards of whole grain dried noodles. 41 commercial whole grain dried noodles collected in 2019 and 2020 are analyzed and evaluated in this research.The moisture content is from 9.77% to 13.06%, while the acidity value between 0.00 to 4.46 mL per10 g,with a naturally broken ratio from 0.04% to 4.05%. The cooked broken ratio is from 0.00% to 3.33%. The cooked broken ratio of 90% whole grain noodle samples is 0%, with the cooking loss ratio between 2.46%and 11.36%. Taking the limits of the above indexes in LS/T 3212—2014 as the reference, except the acidity of 2 samples and the cooking loss rate of 4 samples which are beyond the limit values, all indexes of other samples meet the requirements. The total dietary fiber content is between 2.22 to 12.37 g per 100 g and the alkylresorcinols content is between 10.08 μg/g and 218.52 μg/g. The integral level of moisture content,acidity and alkylresorcinols content of samples in 2020 is higher than that in 2019, and the cooking loss rate is the lower, while there is no significant difference between two years’ samples in other indexes. The results show that the quality of commercial whole grain dried noodles varies greatly.

Forty-two buckwheat noodle products were collected from the market and their quality indexes were analyzed to provide data support for the establishment of buckwheat noodle standard.The results showed that among the 42 samples,the moisture content was 9.07% ～ 13.53%,the cooking loss rate of 73.8% samples was ≤10.0%,the weight gain rate of cooking was 93.2% ～ 241.7%,the cooked broken ratio was 0% ～ 3.3%,all ≤5.0%,the naturally broken ratio was 0% ～ 7.1%,the naturally broken ratio of 95%samples was ≤5.0%.The total flavonoids content in Tartary buckwheat noodles was 0.15% ～ 1.94%,the total flavonoids content in other buckwheat noodles was 0.10% ～ 0.55%.The L* value,a* value and b*value of buckwheat noodles were 32.35～86.12,0.85 ～ 7.25 and 11.95 ～ 38.15 respectively.The acidity value of 100% buckwheat noodles were less than 4.0 mL/10g,and the storage quality was good.

The P/S-style spectral ratio method is used to process and analyze the records of several stations with high SNR in Xiangshui explosion. An earthquake that occurred about 7 kilometers away from it on January 19，2013 was selected as the comparison event. In the frequency range of 2—15 Hz，for more than 90% stations，the P/S amplitude spectrum ratio of explosion is greater than 1，and the value of natural earthquake is less than 1，while it reaches 100% in the range of 4—15 Hz. In order to further verify the feasibility of this method in judging explosions and earthquakes，this paper calculated the Tianjin Port explosion on August 12，2015，and obtained the same results. This study provides a case study for using P/S-style spectral ratio method to verify low magnitude explosion. At the same time，this paper analyzes the waveform characteristics and spectrum characteristics of the Xiangshui explosion. We concluded that the seismic phase of this event is relatively single，which is similar to an ordinary blasting record，and there is no low-speed air-pressure and ground coupled Rayleigh wave as in the Tianjin Port explosion. And the event has two main frequencies，which are between 0.2—1 Hz and 4—10 Hz respectively.

Objective Retrospective analysis of the distribution of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pathogens and drug sensitivity test results in hospitalized neurosurgery patients, to provide a scientific basis for rational drug use. Methods A total of 2733 CSF specimens were collected from 2653 hospitalized patients with intracranial infection for bacterial identification and drug sensitivity tests from January 2016 to June 2018. Results A total of 207 pathogenic bacteria were isolated and the positive detection rate was 7.57% (207/2733). Among them, 115 strains of Gram ⁃ negative bacilli accounted for 57.21% (115/207), including 51 strains of Acinetobacter baumannii, 23 strains of Escherichia coli, 17 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 12 strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae, 7 strains of Enterobacter and other 5 cases; 86 strains of Gram ⁃ positive cocci accounted for 41.55% (86/207), 25 strains of Coagulase ⁃ negative staphylococci, 23 strains of S taphylococcus aureus, 19 strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae, 16 strains of Enterococcus, and other 3 cases; 1 strains of Gram ⁃ positive bacterium; 5 strains of Fungi. The resistance rates of Gram ⁃ negative bacilli to penicillins and cephalosporins were over 30% . The resistance rates of Gram ⁃ positive cocci to macrolides were over 40% . Conclusions Pathogens of intracranial infection were widely distributed and the rate of drug resistance was high. The drug resistance of hospitalized patients should be closely monitored and antibiotics should be used reasonably. DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1672⁃6731.2020.05.014

In view of problems of low automation degree and high time and labor cost of static test method of mine personnel positioning accuracy, a mine personnel positioning accuracy verification system based on Hall sensing was proposed. The system uses public UDP interface to interface with different types of positioning base stations of different manufacturers, uses proprietary UDP interface to transmit related ranging messages of Hall sensing device, and uses production-consumption model to collect, parse and store communication data. The Hall ranging result is used as the reference data, and the node positioning distance information collected by positioning base station is compared in real time, so as to verify accuracy of the positioning system. The test results show that the minimum ranging error rate of the system itself is 0.80%, the maximum error rate is 3.30%, and the average error rate is 1.38%, which is much lower than the 5% error rate allowed by the personnel positioning accuracy verification system. The results of accuracy verification application example show that the system can effectively verify the accuracy of positioning system.

Isolation and characterization of lung epithelial stem and progenitor cells and understanding of their specific role in lung physiopathology are critical for preventing and controlling lung diseases including lung cancer. In this review, we summarized recent advances in classification and research methods of lung epithelial stem and progenitor cells. Lung epithelial stem and progenitor cells were region-specific, which primarily included basal cells and duct cells in proximal airway, Clara cells, variant Clara cells, bronchioalveolar stem cells and induced krt5+ cells in bronchioles, type II alveolar cells and type II alveolar progenitor cells in alveoli. The research methods of lung epithelial stem and progenitor cells were mainly focused on lung injury models, lineage-tracing experiments, three dimensional culture, transplantation, chronic labeled cells and single-cell transcriptome analysis. Lastly, the potential relationship between lung epithelial stem and progenitor cells and lung cancer as well as lung cancer stem cell-targeted drug development were briefly reviewed.

Driving drum as the main driving equipment components of pipe belt conveyor,the traditional empirical formula and bigger safety coefficient method is used to design the structure. In the process of actual operation,the driving drum is influenced by the bending moment and torque coupling effect and dynamic load caused by imbalance. Therefore,the driving drum surface and support bearing are easily damaged. Taking existing same thickness cylindrical,drum type,concave type,three different models drive drum structure as examples,the stress analysis of driving drum is studied,the finite element model is established,the stress distribution and deformation law of the three type structures is obtained and the result is that when the maximum amount of concave is 7% of the diameter,the maximum stress decreased 63% and the maximum deformation decreased 76% comparing with common cylinder. Taking the concave type as an example to analyze dynamic characteristic,critical speed and modal vibration mode are studied. When the unbalance appear in the middle,vibration response and bearing load increases exponentially along with the speed change. The results provide guidance for transmission drum structure design and balance control.

The temperature effects on the bi-stable characteristics of T700/3234 anti-symmetric carbon-fiber composite structure were studied. Three different layup specimens were prepared through composite molding process.The two points loading method was used in the experiment. The modified experimental testing machine (the experimental testing machine could be used to induce the bistable composite shell to snap between the two stable shapes, and continually capture the data in the experimental process.) was related to tensile testing machine at present. The load-displacement curvatures under the temperature of 20℃,40℃,60℃ and 80℃ were given. The snap load was recorded and the photos were taken in the experimental process. After the experiment, the detailed data of curvature and twisting curvature were obtained by image processing technology. The variation law of the coiled-up radius, out-of-plane displacement, maximum snap-through and snap-back loads were analyzed. The effect on the composite structure was also discussed.The result shows that the thermal effect is vital to the bistable snaps process, and corresponding influence trends to the snap through and snap back process are given.

Four biomimetic non-smoothed surface specimens with different shapes were prepared by laser processing. Tests were conducted on MMU-5G wear and abrasion test machine to study the influencing rule of non-smoothed surfaces on counter pairs. The results show that the mass loss of the friction pair matching with the non-smoothed units is much greater than the ones matching with the smooth specimens. The pairs matching with different non-smoothed units suffer differently. The non-smoothed surface protruding zone exerts micro cutting on counter pairs. The striation causes the greatest mass loss of the pairs than the other non-smoothed units, which almost doubles the damage of the grid ones suffering the least. The difference in pairs damage is attributed to the different mechanism of undertaking the load in the process of wear. The damage can be alleviated effectively by changing the shapes of the units without increasing or decreasing the area ratio of the non-smoothed units.

Objective To introduce the surgical techniques of image⁃guided endoscopic transnasal odontoidectomy to treat basilar invagination with congenital osseous malformations and describe several advantages compared to the traditional transoral procedure. Methods From September 2009 to February 2010, two cases with basilar invagination, of which the etiology was congenital osseous malformations, underwent endoscopic transnasal odontoidectomy. Case 2 also received occipitocervical fixation and bone fusion during the same surgical episode to ensure stability. The clinical symptoms of the two cases were evaluated by using the Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score for the evaluation of cervical myelopathy. Results Both patients were extubated after recovery from anesthesia and allowed oral food intake the next day. Cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea was found in the second case and cured by continuous lumber drainage of cerebrospinal fluid. No infection was noted. The average follow⁃up time was more than 24 months. Remarkable neurological recovery was observed at postoperation in both patients. The JOA scores elevated from preoperative 12 and 8 to postoperative 17 and 15. Conclusion The endoscopic transnasal odontoidectomy is a more minimally invasive approach for anterior decompression of cervicomedullary with basilar invagination. The advantages over the standard transoral odontoidectomy include visualization improvement, elimination of risk of tongue swelling and teeth damaging, alleviation of prolonged intubation, reduction of need for enteral tube feeding, and less risk of affecting phonation. DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1672⁃6731.2012.04.012

Objective: To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) in patients with acute respiratory infection (ARIs) in sentinel hospitals of the Hubei influenza surveillance network from 2016 to 2023. Methods: ARIs samples [including influenza-like cases (ILI) and severe acute respiratory infection (SARI)] were collected from influenza surveillance sentinel hospitals in Hubei Province from 2016 to 2023, and case information was collected. HRSV virus nucleic acid typing was performed by fluorescence quantitative PCR method, and the data were collated, plotted and analyzed. Results: From 2016 to 2023, 12 779 cases of ILI and 9 166 cases of SARI were collected. The positive rate of HRSV was the highest in<5 years of age group [15.77% (168/1 065)], among which the positive rate was the highest in 2 to 5 years of age group of ILI cases [13.60% (31/228)], and the positive rate was the highest in 0 to 2 years of age group of SARI cases [25.97% (60/231)] (all P values<0.001). The positive rate of HRSV in SARI cases was 2.31%-25.97%, higher than that in ILI cases (0-13.60%) ( P =0.016). HRSV was prevalent in autumn and winter from 2016 to 2020 and in spring in 2023. Alternating epidemics of HRSV virus type A and B in Hubei Province from 2016 to 2023 (dominant epidemics of type B in 2016 and 2020; dominant epidemics of type A in 2017-2019 and 2023). Conclusion: SARI and ILI patients under five years old are the main infection groups of HRSV. The seasonal prevalence characteristics of HRSV in Hubei Province from 2016 to 2023 shift from autumn and winter to spring.

Objective: To summarize the research progress on the role of macrophage-mediated osteoimmune in osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) and its mechanisms., Methods: Recent studies on the role and mechanism of macrophage-mediated osteoimmune in ONFH at home and abroad were extensively reviewed. The classification and function of macrophages were summarized, the osteoimmune regulation of macrophages on chronic inflammation in ONFH was summarized, and the pathophysiological mechanism of osteonecrosis was expounded from the perspective of osteoimmune, which provided new ideas for the treatment of ONFH., Results: Macrophages are important immune cells involved in inflammatory response, which can differentiate into classically activated type (M1) and alternatively activated type (M2), and play specific functions to participate in and regulate the physiological and pathological processes of the body. Studies have shown that bone immune imbalance mediated by macrophages can cause local chronic inflammation and lead to the occurrence and development of ONFH. Therefore, regulating macrophage polarization is a potential ONFH treatment strategy. In chronic inflammatory microenvironment, inhibiting macrophage polarization to M1 can promote local inflammatory dissipation and effectively delay the progression of ONFH; regulating macrophage polarization to M2 can build a local osteoimmune microenvironment conducive to bone repair, which is helpful to necrotic tissue regeneration and repair to a certain extent., Conclusion: At present, it has been confirmed that macrophage-mediated chronic inflammatory immune microenvironment is an important mechanism for the occurrence and development of ONFH. It is necessary to study the subtypes of immune cells in ONFH, the interaction between immune cells and macrophages, and the interaction between various immune cells and macrophages, which is beneficial to the development of potential therapeutic methods for ONFH.

Background: Myocyte enhancer factor 2D (MEF2D) can participate in the process of tumor lesions by regulating the transcription of oncogenes. In a previous study, MEF2D was demonstrated to enhance the proliferation and metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma cells A549 and H1299 by promoting the transcription of NUSAP1. The research aimed to explore the expression level and clinical significance of MEF2D in lung adenocarcinoma., Methods: A total of 199 patients with lung adenocarcinoma were collected. Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect MEF2D expression levels in cancer and adjacent tissues. After the clinical and follow-up data were collated, the correlation between MEF2D expression level and clinical characteristics and prognosis of the patients was analyzed., Results: In the lung adenocarcinoma, the high expression rate of MEF2D in cancer tissues was significantly higher than that in adjacent tissues (P<0.05). According to immunohistochemical score, MEF2D expression level in lung adenocarcinoma tissues was correlated with tumor differentiation, N stage, M stage and intrapulmonary metastasis (P<0.05). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that patients with low MEF2D expression had significantly better prognosis than patients with high MEF2D expression (P<0.05). Cox multivariate analysis showed that MEF2D expression level, M stage, N stage and bone metastasis of lung cancer were independent risk factors for prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma patients., Conclusions: MEF2D expression level is closely related to the metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma and other clinical characteristics, and can be used as an independent risk factor for the prognosis of patients with lung adenocarcinoma, which has the potential to be developed as a clinical diagnosis and treatment target of lung adenocarcinoma.

Objective: To investigate the effectiveness of minimally invasive plate and medial supporting cannulated screw fixation via tarsal sinus approach in treatment of Sanders type Ⅱ and Ⅲ calcaneal fractures., Methods: A clinical data of 46 patients with Sanders type Ⅱand Ⅲ calcaneal fractures met the selective criteria between March 2016 and March 2021 was retrospectively analyzed. The factures were fixed with minimally invasive plate and medial supporting cannulated screws via tarsal sinus approach in 20 cases (group A) and with minimally invasive plate in 26 cases (group B). There was no significant difference between groups in term of the gender, age, injury causes, fracture type and side, the time from injury to operation, and preoperative calcaneal length and width, Böhler angle, Gissane angle, and visual analogue scale (VAS) score ( P >0.05). The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, hospital stay, and the interval between operation and full weight-bearing were recorded. The pain improvement of patients was evaluated by VAS scores before operation and at 48 hours after operation. The ankle joint function was evaluated by American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) score at 3 and 12 months after operation. Besides, the calcaneal length and width, Böhler angle, and Gissane angle were measured by X-ray films before and after operation. Furthermore, the difference (loss value) between 3, 12 months and 1 day after operation was calculated. Moreover, the fracture healing and healing time was observed., Results: All operations of two groups were successfully completed. The incisions healed by first intention, and no vascular/nerve injury or incision infection occurred. The operation time of group A was significantly longer than that of group B ( P <0.05). There was no significant difference in the intraoperative blood loss, hospital stay, and the interval between operation and full weight-bearing ( P >0.05). All patients were followed up 12-36 months (mean, 14.8 months). The VAS scores at 48 hours after operation were significantly lower than those before operation in the two groups ( P <0.05); there was no significant difference in the difference of pre- and post-operative VAS score between groups ( P >0.05). The AOFAS scores at 12 months after operation were significantly higher than those at 3 months after operation in the two groups ( P <0.05); and there was no significant difference between groups at 3 and 12 months ( P >0.05). X-ray films showed that the fractures of the two groups healed and there was no significant difference in healing time ( P >0.05). There was no significant difference in calcaneal length and width and Gissane angle between groups at each time point ( P >0.05), but there was significant difference in Böhler angle between groups at 12 months ( P <0.05). The imaging indexes of the two groups significantly improved at each time point after operation when compared with those before operation ( P <0.05). There was no significant difference between different time points after operation ( P >0.05) in the imaging indexes of group A. There were significant differences in the calcaneal length, calcaneal width, and Gissane angle of group B between 12 months and 1 day, 3 months after operation ( P <0.05), and there was no significant difference between 1 day and 3 months after operation ( P >0.05). The differences in Böhler angle of group B between different time points after operation were significant ( P <0.05). There was no significant difference between groups in the loss of all imaging indexes at 3 months after operation ( P >0.05). The losses of calcaneal width, Böhler angle, and Gissane angle in group A at 12 months after operation were significantly smaller than those in group B ( P <0.05), and there was no significant difference in the loss of calcaneus length between groups ( P >0.05)., Conclusion: Compared with only minimally invasive plate fixation, the combination of minimally invasive plate and medial supporting cannulated screw fixation via tarsal sinus approach for Sanders type Ⅱ and Ⅲ calcaneal fractures has the advantages of less trauma, less incision complications, reliable fracture reduction and fixation, and good long-term stability.

Alveolar echinococcosis, caused by Echinococcus multilocularis infection, is a highly deadly zoonotic parasitic disease. As a benzimidazole compound, albendazole has a strong and broad-spectrum anti-parasitic action. For alveolar echinococcosis patients that are unwilling to receive surgical treatment, lose the timing for surgery, or are intolerant to surgery due to poor physical status, administration of albendazole may delay disease progression. Recently, a large number of advances have been achieved in experimental studies on alveolar echinococcosis. In order to increase the understanding of the therapeutic efficacy of albendazole for alveolar echinococcosis, this review summarizes the advances in albendazole treatment for alveolar echinococcosis, so as to provide insights into the clinical treatment of alveolar echinococcosis with albendazole.

Objective: To investigate the value of CT multiplanar reconstruction (MPR) in the diagnosis of stage Ⅲ pneumoconiosis and complications. Methods: In September 2020, 94 patients with stage Ⅲ pneumoconiosis in Guangzhou 12th people's hospital were selected for digital radiography (DR) and MPR. The detection rate of the number of large shadows and the incidence of related complications were compared and analyzed. The counting data were expressed by frequency and percentage (%) , and the comparison was performed by chi square test. Results: 178 and 132 large shadows were detected in MPR and DR chest films respectively. Compared with Dr examination, MPR had higher detection rates of pneumoconiosis related complications such as pulmonary tuberculosis, emphysema, pleural thickening, adhesion, pneumonia, pleural effusion, enlargement of hilar and mediastinal lymph nodes and calcification ( P <0.05) , There was no significant difference in the detection rate of pulmonary bullae ( P >0.05) . Compared with Dr, MPR had a higher detection rate in the diagnosis of cavity, calcification, bronchiectasis and parascar emphysema ( P <0.05) . Conclusion: MPR is better in detecting large shadow and complications of stage Ⅲpneumoconiosis, and has important value.

During wastewater treatment using a traditional biological denitrification process, the excessive concentration of nitrate nitrogen (NO 3 - -N) in the effluent is the primary cause of excessive total nitrogen (TN) generation. By using an external carbon source to increase the carbon to nitrogen ratio (C/N), the denitrification process can be strengthened, which effectively addresses this problem. Using an integrated denitrification reactor developed based on the two-stage denitrification process principle with the addition of polybutylene succinate (PBS) in the second stage, the denitrification process was analyzed using a scanning electron microscope before and after characterization of PBS materials. Moreover, amplicon sequencing was used for in-depth exploration of changes in the microbial community structure in the second denitrification pool before and after the addition of PBS. The data of a continuous 120-day experiment showed that the COD removal rate dropped from 95.7% to 90.8%, the TN removal rate increased from 51.8% to 80%, the relative abundance of Proteobacteria phylum rose from 36.1% to 46.1%, and the relative abundance of Thermomonas rose from 6.47% to 13.48%. The results show that after the addition of PBS, PBS can not only provide carbon source for denitrification, but its surface can also serve as a carrier for microbial growth and attachment, play a good role in filming, and increase the abundance of denitrifying bacteria and strengthen denitrification. During the nitrification process, denitrification performance was significantly enhanced, effectively improving the TN removal rate of the system.

Objectives: To compare the expression of the Wnt signaling-associated proteins (Wnt3, β-catenin, MMP-7) in gastric cancer and precancerous lesions with positive and negative Helicobacter pylori ( H.pylori , Hp ) infection, and to further explore the mechanisms underlying the Wnt signaling pathway involving in the formation of gastric cancer and its relationship with Hp infection., Methods: The complete paraffin samples with pathologically confirmed diagnosis, who came from the First Hospital of Changsha from January 2018 to April 2020, were collected. All samples were randomly divided into a gastric cancer group ( n =57), a precancerous lesion group ( n =84), and a chronic superficial gastritis group ( n =25). Improved Giemsa staining was used to detect Hp infection, and according the results of Hp infection the above groups were divided into a Hp positive subgroup and a negative subgroup. The expressions of Wnt3, β-catenin and MMP-7 were examined with immunohistochemistry., Results: The Wnt3, β-catenin, and MMP-7 were highly expressed in the gastric cancer group and the gastric precancerous lesion group. The Wnt3 and MMP-7 were highly expressed in cytoplasm, and β-catenin showed a tendency of cell membrane transferring to cytoplasm and nucleus, which was characterized by "nuclear translocation". The positive rates of the Wnt3, β-catenin, and MMP-7 expressions in the gastric cancer group were higher than those in the precancerous lesion group and the chronic superficial gastritis group (all P <0.05), which showed a gradually increasing trend with the deterioration of differentiation degree. In addition, the expressions of Wnt3, β-catenin, and MMP-7 in the Hp positive subgroup in the gastric cancer group and the precancerous lesion group were higher than those in the Hp negative subgroup (all P <0.05)., Conclusions: Aberrant activation of Wnt signaling pathway is involved in the occurrence and development of precancerous lesions and gastric cancer, and which is related with Hp infection. Meanwhile, the Wnt3, β-catenin and MMP-7 may be used as molecular markers for early diagnosis of gastric cancer and indicators to judge the degree of differentiation and malignancy of gastric cancer.

Objective: To explore the risk factors of acute renal injury (AKI) in exertional heat radiation disease (EHS) . Methods: In november 2019, the clinical data of 69 EHS patients admitted from July 2015 to September 2019 were reviewed. The general data, laboratory indexes, Glasgow score (GCS) at admission, 24-hour acute physiology and chronic health score Ⅱ (APACHE Ⅱ) , exposure time rate and physical labor intensity were collected. According to the occurrence of AKI, the patients were divided into AKI group and non-AKI group, 31 and 38 in each group. The differences of general data and laboratory indexes between the two groups were compared, and the t and Mann-Whitney U test were used to compare the two groups. The enumeration data are expressed by examples and constituent ratio (%) . Independent sample χ(2) test is used for inter-group comparison, and multiple test is used for multi-sample comparison. The correlation was analyzed by linear regression. Risk factors were analyzed by Logistic regression analysis. Results: At discharge, 31 of 69 EHS patients developed AKI. Compared with the non-AKI group, the heart rate, white blood cell count, lactic acid, D-dimer and myoglobin were higher; MAP, platelet count and PH were lower in the AKI group. The difference was statistically significant ( P <0.05) . APACHE Ⅱ score, core temperature, time to drop to 38.5 ℃, contact time rate, platelet count, pH, lactic acid, D-dimer and myoglobin were all correlated with creatinine ( r =0.57, 0.42, 0.80, 0.78, 0.57, 0.43, 0.51, 0.55, 0.79) . APACHE Ⅱ score, time to drop to 38.5C, Lac and MYO are the risk factors of AKI in EHS patients. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the time required to drop to 38.5C was an independent risk factor for the occurrence of AKI. Conclusion: AKI is a serious complication of EHS. EHS complicated with AKI, should be identified early and effective intervention measures should be taken.

Objective: To evaluate the prognostic value of different critical care scoring systems in 28-day survival rate of patients with heat stroke. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 71 patients with heat stroke admitted to the department of emergency medicine of Beijing Luhe Hospital. Capital Medical University from July 2015 to September 2018. The general information and the worst values of vital signs and related pathophysiological indicators within 24 hours were collected and the sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) , multiple organ dysfunction (MODS) , simplified acute physiological scoreⅡ (SAPS Ⅱ) and acute physiology and chronic health evaluationⅡ (APACHE Ⅱ) were calculated. The patients were divided into the survival group ( n =45) and the non-survival group ( n =26) according to 28-day prognosis, and the clinical data and scores of the two groups were compared.The ROC curve was drawn to analyze the evaluation value of each scoring system on the survival rate of patients at 28-day. Kaplan-Meier method was used to plot the survival curve of patients. Results: There were no significant differences in age, sex, vital signs and laboratory parameters between two groups ( P >0.05) . In non-survival patients, SOFA, SAPS Ⅱ, APACHE Ⅱ scores were significantly elevated in the survival group ( P <0.05) . ROC curve analysis showed that the area under ROC curve (AUC) of SOFA score for predicting 28-day survival rate was the highest, which was significantly higher than the APACHE Ⅱ, SAPS Ⅱ, MODS score. When the best cut-off value of SOFA score was 9.0, the sensitivity was 84.6%, and the specificity was 71.1%. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that 28-day survival rate after hospital discharge in patients with SOFA score<9 ( n =27) was significantly higher than that in patients with SOFA score ≥9.0 (χ(2) = 1.0, P <0.01) . Conclusion: SOFA, APACHE Ⅱ, SAPS Ⅱ on admission have been proved to have good prognostic ability to predict 28-day prognosis in heat stroke patients. Among them, SOFA score system has more accurate prediction value.

Objective: To compare the effect of different supraorbital foramen variations on the clinical efficacy of radiofrequency treatment of primary trigeminal neuralgia V1. Methods: The clinical data of 62 patients with primary trigeminal neuralgia (V1 branch) from February 2011 to August 2017 in the first hospital of Jiaxing were analyzed retrospectively. According to the shape of supraorbital foramen, the patients were divided into foramen group ( n= 28) and incisional group ( n= 34). The age, sex, course time, CT scan times of the two groups were recorded, and the mean rank of NRS scores and effective rates (NRS≤1) before operation, 1 day after operation, 6 months after operation, 1 year after operation and 2 years after operation were statistically analyzed, as well as the difference of numbness degree in 1 day and 2 years after operation. The short-term and long-term complications were recorded. Results: There was no significant difference in age, gender, course time, CT scan times, preoperative NRS and postoperative NRS between the two groups ( P> 0.05). Compared with the preoperative, the mean rank of NRS in the two groups decreased significantly at each postoperative time point, and the difference was statistically significant (all P< 0.05). Foramen group of postoperative 1 d Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Ⅳ numbness rate were 0, 53.6%, 46.4% and 0 respectively, after 2 years were 42.9%, 46.4%, 10.7% and 0 respectively. Incisional group of postoperative 1 d Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Ⅳ numbness rate were 0, 29.4%, 67.6% and 2.9% respectively, after 2 years were 55.9%, 38.2%, 5.9% and 0 respectively. The degree of numbness 2 years after the operation was reduced in both groups compared with that 1 day after the operation, and the difference was statistically significant (all P< 0.05). The effective rates of the foramen group and the incisional group were 78.6% and 52.9%, respectively, with statistically significant differences (χ(2)=4.406, P< 0.05) . The patient had no other serious complications in the near and long term except for the swelling of puncture point. Conclusion: The short and long-term effective rates of supraperitoneal foramen in anatomical variants for the radiofrequency treatment of primary trigeminal neuralgia V1 are higher. The supraorbital foramen have higher long-term effective rates, there are no other serious adverse reactions excepting numbness, and the patients have a higher acceptability.

Objective: To investigate the effect of preoperative condylar condition for mandible retrognathism deformities with severe temporomandibular joint osteoarthrosis on the stability of the jaw after orthognathic surgery and on the postoperative condylar volume changes., Methods: In this retrospective study, from 2014 to 2019, 37 patients including 1 male and 36 female, aged between 21 to 34 years old with an average age of (28.03±6.52) years, were diagnosed with mandible retrognathism deformities with severe temporomandibular joint osteoarthrosis by Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology and received orthognathic surgery, meeting the inclusion criteria were included. According to the preoperative condylar condition. There were divided into smooth group and non-smooth group, the lateral cephalometric films 1 week (T0), 3 months (T1), 6 months (T2) and 1 year (T3) after surgery were used to establish the coordinate system and cephalometric analysis to determine the stability of the jaw after operation. The three-dimensional model of the condyle was segmented by cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) 1 week (T0), 3 months (T1), 6 months (T2) and 1 year (T3) after surgery and the volume was obtained to evaluate the change of the condyle volume after surgery. CBCT image data was used to evaluate the changes of the condylar condition after surgery, and to clarify the correlation between the postoperative condylar condition and jaw stability. SPSS 20.0 statistical software was used for statistical analysis, Fisher's exact probability methods were used to compare whether there were statistically significant differences in the stability of the mandibular joint at stages T1, T2 and T3 with different preoperative condylar condition.Spearman correlation coefficient analysis and Mann-Whitney test were used to compare whether there were statistically significant differences in the volume changes at stages T1, T2 and T3 after surgery between the two groups., Results: The recurrence rates of the mandible in the condylar smooth group were T1 36.85%, T2 47.37% and T3 42.11%, respectively. The recurrence rates in the non-smooth condylar group were T1 27.78%, T2 44.44% and T3 55.56%, respectively. There was no statistical difference in the recurrence rates between the two groups at different time points. There was no significant difference in the condylar volume change between smooth group and non-smooth group., Conclusion: For patients with mandible retrognathism deformities with severe temporomandibular joint osteoarthrosis and no significant changes in the condyle observed for one year before surgery, there is no difference in the influence of the preoperative condylar condition on the stability of jaw after operation, and no definite influence on the volume of the condyle after operation. Condylar resorption 3 months after surgery can cause instability of the jaw after orthognathic surgery.

Abstract: Objective To discuss the application value of CT scanning technology in cause of death determination of medical dispute cases. Methods From July 2017 to December 2018, postmortem CT imaging data of 12 medical dispute cases were collected. CT imaging diagnosis results and anatomy findings as well as differences between antemortem and postmortem CT diagnosis were compared. The advantages and disadvantages of CT routine tests of the cadavers in terms of the diagnosis of disease and damage were analyzed. Results The comparison between CT imaging diagnosis and anatomical findings showed that CT scans had advantages in the diagnosis of disease and damage with large differences in density changes, such as atelectasis, pneumonia, calcification, fracture and hemorrhage, etc. The comparison of CT diagnosis in antemortem and postmortem examination showed that the cadavers of medical dispute cases were well preserved and that postmortem CT scan was meaningful for the diagnosis of antemortem diseases. Conclusion Virtual anatomy technology has a relatively high application value in postmortem examination of medical dispute cases. It can provide effective information for the appraisers before the autopsy and can also provide a reference for cause of death analysis when the anatomy cannot be performed., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© by the Editorial Department of Journal of Forensic Medicine.)

Abstract: Objective To investigate the sequential changes of the number of neutrophils and myofibroblasts during diabetic wound healing, and discuss its application value in wound age estimation. Methods Diabetic DB mice and mice of the same age in the normal control group were selected, a wound healing model was established, wound samples were taken at different time points, while the number of neutrophils and myofibroblasts during diabetic wound healing were determined by immunohistochemical staining technique. Results The number of infiltrated neutrophils in the wounds of control and diabetic groups reached the peak respectively at 12 h and 5 d after injury. Compared with the control group, the number of neutrophils in the diabetic group decreased significantly from 6 h to 1 d after injury, but increased markedly from 5 d to 14 d. From 5 d to 10 d after injury, the average number of neutrophils at high magnification in wounds of the diabetic group was over 30, while that of neutrophils in wounds of the control group was less than 20. Myofibroblasts appeared in wounds from 3 d to 14 d after injury in the control group and from 5 d to 14 d after injury in the diabetic group. The difference in the number of myofibroblasts in wounds between control group and diabetic group from 3 to 7 d after injury had statistical significance. Conclusion In comparison with normal wound healing, the number of neutrophils and myofibroblasts during diabetic wound healing shows different sequential changes. The results of this study can provide reference for wound age estimation of patients with severe diabetes., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© by the Editorial Department of Journal of Forensic Medicine.)

This paper demonstrates a BSN-based portable monitor integrating micro sensors with mobile devices for monitoring and diagnosing obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) at home. The system uses a micro hot-film flow sensor to detect respiratory flow, uses tri-axis micro accelerometer to detect body posture and motion intensity, and uses a micro photoelectric sensor to detect oxygen saturation of blood. The real-time vital signs are detected and transmitted wirelessly to a mobile device. The transmitted data are processed and analyzed in the mobile device and can be further transmitted to a remote medical center and physicians through mobile cellular networks or Internet for comprehensively analyzing, assessing, and diagnosing to the diseases.

Purpose: To determine the effect of p38 MAPK signaling pathway on BMP9-induced osteogenetic differentiation of human periodontal ligament stem cells( hPDLSCs)． METHODS： hPDLSCs were collected in vitro, and adenovirus vectors were used to infect hPDLSCs; then the activity and staining of alkaline phosphatase(ALP) were detected ,the expression of osteopontin (OPN) and osteocalcin(OCN) were detected by qPCR ，and the calcium nodule deposition was used to analyse the ability of BMP9-induced hPDLSCs osteogenetic differentiation. Phosphorylation of p38 and MKK3/6 was detected after hPDLSCs was intervened with Ad-BMP9 and SB203580 ( inhibitor of p38 MAPK signaling pathway) for 36 h respectively for the effect of the signaling pathway on osteogenic differentiation． SPSS16.0 software package was used for statistical analysis., Results: Under the action of Ad-BMP9, the activity of ALP, the levels of osteopontin and osteocalcin genes were significantly higher than the control group (P<0.01). Staining of ALP and the calcium nodule deposition were consistent with the activity of ALP, the levels of osteopontin and osteocalcin. Western blot demonstrated that the expression of p-p38 and p-MKK3/6 was increased significantly. After adding SB203580, the expression of ALP, OPN and OCN was decreased significantly (P<0.01),and the calcium mineral deposits were also decreased., Conclusions: During hPDLSCs differentiation, BMP9 can induce osteogenesis, and MKK3/6-p38-MAPK pathway was involved in the osteogenesis and had positive regulation for osteogenesis of hPDLSCs.

Purpose: The aim of this meta analysis was to assess the influence of platelet-rich plasma (PRP)combined with demineralized freeze-dried bone allografts(DFDBA) on regeneration of periodontal periodontal defects by means of evaluating clinical and radiographic outcomes in prospective human clinical trials., Methods: The following databases such as PubMed, The Cochrane Library, EMbase, CNKI, Wanfang data and VIP data were searched on computer from inception to December, 2016. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, two reviewers independently extracted the data，assessed the methodological quality of the included studies. RevMan 5.2 was applied for meta analysis., Results: Six papers were obtained reviewed which included 205 periodontal bone defect sites. Six articles showed that there was no significant difference in probing depth decrease between PRP combined with DFDBA and PRP or DFBDA group[MD=0.35, 95%CI（-0.09，0.79), P=0.12], but there was significant difference in clinical attachment loss increase between the two groups［MD= 0.68，95%CI（0.41，0.94），P<0.00001]. Three articles were included for evaluating bone filling, there was significant difference in the distance from the cemento-enamel junction(CEJ) to the vertical bone defect(BD)(CEJ-BD)[MD=0.71，95%CI（0.46，0.95），P<0.00001]between the two groups; there was also significant difference in the distance from the alveolar crest to the vertical bone defect(AC-BD)[MD=0.64，95%CI（0.41，0.87)，P<0.00001]between the two groups. but there was no significant difference in the distance from the cemento-enamel junction(CEJ)to the alveolar crest (AC)(CEJ-AC)[MD=0.03，95%CI（-0.10，0.16），P=0.68] between the two groups., Conclusions: Within the limitations of this meta analysis, PRP combined with DFDBA is superior to PRP or DFDBA alone in clinical attachment loss and bone filling ,but there was no significant difference in probing depth. However, given the limited sample size and quantity of included studies, the above findings still need to be further proved by conducting more high-quality and large-scale RCTs.

Objective: To observe the difference for vascular dementia among flipping moxibustion of Hui medicine at acupoints in governor vessel combined with acupuncture, simple Hui medicine and simple acupuncture., Methods: A total of 120 patients with vascular dementia were randomly assigned into a combination group, a flipping moxibustion group and an acupuncture group, 40 cases in each one, with 2 patients dropping respectively. Flipping moxibustion was used at the acupoints of group A on Monday and at the acupoints of group B on Friday in the flipping moxibustion group. The acupoints of group A were Baihui (GV 20), Dazhui (GV 14), Shenzhu (GV 12), Zhiyang (GV 9), Jizhong (GV 6), Mingmen (GV 4), Yaoyangguan (GV 3), and the acupoints of group B were Fengfu (GV 16), Taodao (GV 13), Shendao (GV 11), Jinsuo (GV 8), Xuanshu (GV 5), Changqiang (GV 1). Acupuncture was used in the acupuncture group at the main acupoints of Baihui (GV 20), Sishencong (EX-HN 1), Neiguan (PC 6), Zusanli (ST 36), Taixi (KI 3) and Xuanzhong (GB 39), matched with the acupoints based on syndrome differentiation, 30 min a time, once a day, continuous 5 times a week. The above two methods were applied in the combination group. All the treaments were for 4 weeks. The indexes were observed before and after treatment, including syndrome differentiationof TCM scale for vascular dementia (SDSVD), simple mental state scale (MMSE), self-care ability of daily life scale (ADL). The clinical effects and safety were evaluated., Results: After treatment, the total effective rate in the combination group was 89.5% (34/38); the rate in the flipping moxibustion group was 65.8% (25/38); the rate in the acupuncture group was 63.2% (24/38). The difference among groups was statistically significant ( P <0.05). The effect in the combination group was better than those in the flipping moxibustion group and in the acupuncture group (both P <0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between the flipping moxibustion group and the acupuncture group ( P >0.05). The SDSVD scores after treatment were lower and the MMSE and ADL scores after treatment were higher than those before treatment in the three groups (all P <0.01), with better results on the above three scores in the combination group than those in the other two groups ( P <0.05, P <0.01), and the differences on the three scores between the flipping moxibustion group and the acupuncture group were not statiatically significant (all P >0.05). The treatment in the three groups was safe, without stastical significance ( P >0.05)., Conclusion: The effect of flipping moxibustion combined with acupuncture for vascular dementia is better than those of simple flipping moxibustion and simple acupuncture. The combination treatment achieves better effect on TCM syndrome, cognitive function and daily activity ability than the other two simple treatment.

Objective: To observe the effects of conventional western medication and joss stick moxibustion combined with pricking and cupping for herpes zoster in acute stage, and to explore its analgesic mechanism., Methods: Seventy patients with acute herpes zoster were randomized into an observation group (33 cases after 2 dropping) and a control group (34 cases after 1 dropping). Patients in the observation group were treated with joss stick moxibustion combined with pricking and cupping at local ashi points for 7 times, once every other day. Oral acyclovir, vitamin B 1 and mecobalamin tablets were applied in the control group for continuous 14 days, and interferon injection was used for continuous 6 days, etc. The herpes evaluation indexes of blister stopping time, scab time and decrustation time as well as pain intensity were observed before and after treatment. Peripheral serum substance P (SP) content of herpes local situation was detected. The comprehensive effects were evaluated., Results: The blister stopping time, scab time and decrustation time in the observation group were shorter than those in the control group (all P <0.05). There was no statistical significance for pain relief degree between the two groups ( P >0.05). The pain beginning to ease time and duration time in the observation group were better than those in the control group (both P <0.05). The contents of SP in the two groups decreased after treatment (both P <0.01), and it was better in the observation group ( P <0.05). The total effective rate of the observation group after treatment was 87.9% (29/33), and that of the control group was 85.3% (29/34), which were not statistically significant ( P >0.05). The cured rate of the observation group was better than that of the control group [66.7% (22/33) vs 58.8% (20/34), P <0.05]., Conclusion: Joss stick moxibustion combined with pricking and cupping are effective for herpes zoster, which have quicker and good analgesic effects than conventional western medication. Its mechanism may be related to reducing the content of SP more fast and to a larger degree.