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To improve the effectiveness of dairy product safety governance, it is necessary to explore the development and mechanism of dairy product safety governance in China from a policy perspective. The texts of policies concerning dairy products from 2002 to 2021 were quantified by the grounded theory to form a dairy product safety assurance system including governance elements and behaviors. Then, based on the quantitative results and social network analysis, the evolutionary process and mechanism of dairy product safety governancein China were dissected. It was found that China’s dairy safety governance has gone through an evolutionary process from mandatory government supervision, emergency governance, government-led and enterprise-assisted governance to social co-governance. The whole evolution process reflects the country’s focus on the governance behaviors and modes, and reveals the mechanism of the comprehensive governance of dairy product safety. The governance actors work together on the governance elements through the interactions of the governance behaviors, and the governance role is reflected in the safety of dairy products through the governance elements, thus guaranteeing the quality and safety of dairy products.

In order to obtain efficient engineered strains for oil production, the desaturase gene from Bacillus subtilis HB1310, an endophytic bacterium isolated from walnut, was expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3), the single-gene-expression strains BL21(DE3)/pET-de1 and BL21(DE3)/pET-de2 and the co-expression strain BL21(DE3)/pET-de were constructed. The results showed that the desaturase gene was highly expressed in E. coli BL21(DE3), and the desaturase activities of the three engineered strains were higher than that of the wild-type strain after induction for up to 60 h, and they reached their maximum after 24 h, which were enhanced by 1.38, 1.48 and 1.75 times compared with that of the wild-type strain at the same time point, respectively. The overexpression of exogenous desaturase gene led to changes in oil yield and fatty acid components in E. coli. The oil yields of the engineered strains were significantly improved compared with that of the wild-type strain, and reached 0.57, 0.58 and 0.72 g/L after 24 h, respectively. The contents of saturated fatty acids were increased by 72.26%, 66.93% and 123.21%, respectively, and unsaturated fatty acids by 112.18%, 44.18% and 134.30%, respectively in the engineered strains compared with the wild-type strain. This study provides a valuable strain source for the development and application of engineered bacteria for oil production.

In order to solve the constraints of the limited number and uneven distribution of samples on the performance of the deep learning model in the identification of partial discharge patterns of GIS （gas-insulated switchgear）， a CWGAN-div（conditional Wassertein generative adversarial network-divergence） model is proposed to guide the generation of multi-class partial discharge patterns， which overcomes the instability of the original GAN （generative adversarial network） training， enhances the sample data， and reduces the average imbalance rate from 11.01 to 3.03. Then after using five kinds of classifiers for the comparative experiments before and after sample enhancement， the F1mean value of each classifier has been improved by more than 3.7% after sample enhancement. In the experiment， the Mi-CNN （multi-input-convolutional neural networks） model proposed in this paper can use the PRPD （phase resolved partial discharge） spectrum of ultra-high frequency method and ultrasonic method at the same time， and its final F1mean value reaches 95.8%.

Iron is essential for living organisms. Iron-containing proteins play a key role in cell function, while iron overload produces reactive oxygen species through electron transfer, resulting in DNA damage, oxidative stress, metabolic disorder and tissue as well as organ dysfunction. Liver is the main organ of iron storage and is related to regulating the metabolism, utilization and excretion of iron and maintaining iron homeostasis. Iron overload is common in patients with liver diseases, which is closely related to the occurrence and development of liver diseases.

Milk contains a variety of bioactive ingredients, such as lactoferrin and immunoglobulin, which are beneficial to health. Reducing the loss of these proteins during processing has always been the focus of attention. Dynamic high-pressure processing technology, also known as ultra-high-pressure homogenization (UHPH), is one of the relatively novel processing technology means. In this review, the research progress of the heat load intensity and the retention of key nutrients in the processing of dairy products were summarized from the aspects of Maillard reaction products, lactoferrin, immunoglobulin and other bioactive ingredients and vitamin loss. Moreover, the development direction of ultra-high-pressure homogenization in dairy product processing was prospected.

With the advancement of new urbanization and territorial and spatial planning, the scientific development and governance of peri-urbanization areas have become an important link in the development of urban-rural integration. This study identifies the research hotspots and evolving process in this field and discusses the existing deficiencies and future development trends in current research, aiming to provide a reference for the development of peri-urbanization areas in China. Based on the bibliometric analysis method and using the visualization tools of CiteSpace and VOSviewer, a knowledge map analysis of domestic peri-urbanization research results over the past 30 years was conducted from the aspects of research strength, research hotspots, research topics, and evolutionary context, among others. The results show the following. 1) The research strength of the authors and institutions is scattered, the geographical distribution characteristics are obvious, and the research ability is positively correlated with the level of social and economic development. 2) Research hotspots focused on developed cities such as Beijing, Guangzhou, and Shanghai in the early stages, later expanding to central and western cities or urban agglomerations such as Wuhan, Chengdu, Chongqing, and Zhengzhou. Land use research, landscape pattern analysis, landless peasant research, and analysis of their influencing factors are the research hotspots; their respective themes can be clustered into four categories: morphological characteristics, spatial definition, driving mechanism, and coordinated development. 3) The development of peri-urbanization research can be divided into three stages: the rising stage (1992-2002), rapid growth stage (2003-2014), and stable development stage (2015-2019). The research area has shifted from the southeast coast to the inland areas, the research content has transformed from qualitative theoretical analysis to quantitative empirical discussion, and the research data have changed from traditional social and economic statistical data to spatial data and network open data. The research perspective has also changed from an analysis of natural characteristics to research on social development, reflecting more humanistic care. However, in terms of research subjects, the cooperation between authors and institutions is limited by groups and regions, and the intensity of cooperation needs to be strengthened. Regarding research content, the theoretical framework and research paradigm of peri-urbanization research are not sufficiently clear, especially in terms of conceptual connotation and space definition standards, concerning which there is still no unified approach. Regarding research perspective, the transitional path of peri-urbanization, population urbanization, ecological environment protection, construction of human settlements, and other issues should also be deeply analyzed. Finally, the prospects are constructed from four aspects: multi-scale dynamic monitoring of the spatial scope of the peri-urbanization area, creating a green and livable living environment, exploring the path of agricultural transfer population urbanization, and implementing the equalization of basic public services. The aim is to provide practical guidance for population management, resource allocation, and policy formulation in the peri-urbanization area.

InAs/GaSb type-Ⅱ superlattices (T2SLs) are considered as high-quality material for the third-generation infrared detectors due to the special energy band structure and mature material growth technology. This paper introduces the optical properties of InAs/GaSb T2SLs for long-wave and short-wave infrared detection. The Raman vibration modes in the superlattice detector structure are obtained by Raman spectra at different layers, and the sub-band photoluminescence spectrum reveals that the device has dual band characteristics of near-infrared and far-infrared. The obvious absorption characteristics of short wave infrared and long wave infrared are characterized by reflection spectrum, photocurrent spectrum and wide band infrared transmission spectrum. The detection mechanism in the near, middle and far infrared bands is reasonably interpreted. The investigation can provide reference for the structural design and mechanism analysis of the development of dual/multi/broadband infrared detectors based on InAs/GaSb T2SLs.

To study the application of three-dimensional speckle-tracking imaging in evaluating left ventricular systolic function and its correlation with peripheral arterial elasticity in children with simple obesity. Methods Random sampling combined with convenience sampling was used to obtain research samples, and then the samples were divided into an obesity group (23 cases), an overweight group (21 cases), and a normal group (24 cases). Three-dimensional speckle-tracking imaging was used to measure the global longitudinal strain (GLS), global radial strain (GRS), and global circumferential strain (GCS) of the left ventricle. An automatic arteriosclerosis tester was used to measure ankle-brachial index (ABI) and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV). These parameters were compared among the three groups. The correlation of three-dimensional speckle-tracking parameters with ABI and baPWV was evaluated. Results There were no significant differences in GLS, GRS, and GCS between the obesity and normal groups (P>0.05). The overweight group had a significantly higher GLS than the normal group [(-24±7) vs (-19± 12), P<0.05]. The obesity and overweight groups had a significantly lower ABI than the normal group [(1.00±0.09)/1.09±0.13) vs (2.25±0.13), P<0.05). The obesity group had a significantly higher baPWV than the normal group [(978± 109) vs (905±22), P<0.05]. In the children with obesity, GLS was positively correlated with baPWV (r=0.516, P<0.05), but not correlated with ABI (P>0.05), and GCS and GRS had no significant correlation with ABI or baPWV (P>0.05). Conclusions There are varying degrees of changes in left ventricular systolic function and peripheral arterial elasticity in children with simple obesity, and there is a certain correlation between them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the next 10 to 15 years, scientific and technological progress will change the industrial structure and global economic growth, and will profoundly change people's needs for food, clothing, housing, transportation and their forms of the needs to meet. Based on the foresight analysis data of economic, social, and technological development from major countries and international organizations or big enterprises, with the method of information and knowledge element analysis, this study describes human-based vision from the following five aspects, life, work, health, information, and safety. For each aspect, we put forward some social development trends, visions, specific scenarios, and key future technology groups. All of these provide references for drawing up China's future development vision and technological innovation demands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To evaluate the role of three-dimensional arterial spin labeling (3D-ASL) in the diagnosis of viral encephalitis. Methods MRI [T1WI, T2WI, diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and 3D- ASL] was performed in 41 patients with clinically diagnosed viral encephalitis, including 28 cases in acute phase and subacute phase with duration < 10 d and 13 cases in late subacute phase and chronic phase with duration ≥ 10 d. The positive outcomes of each MRI sequence for each patient were accounted and compared. The cerebral blood flow (CBF) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) images were extracted from 3D - ASL imaging and regions of interest (ROIs) were selected. CBF and ADC values between ipsilateral side and contralateral side, between normal brain regions of ipsilateral side and contralateral side were compared respectively. Results Among 41 cases, 28 (68.29%) showed abnormalities: T1WI hypointense signal in 3 cases, T2WI hyperintense signal in 8 cases, DWI hyperintense signal in 14 patients, 3D-ASL hyperperfusion in 27 cases and hypoperfusion in one case. The positive rates for 3D-ASL [68.29% (28/41)] were significantly higher than that of T1WI [7.32% (3/41); χ² = 32.416, P = 0.000], T2WI [19.51% (8/41); χ² = 19.807, P = 0.000] and DWI [34.15% (14/41); χ² = 9.567, P = 0.004] respectively. CBF value of ipsilateral side in acute phase and subacute phase (< 10 d) was significantly higher than that of contralateral side [(83.61 ± 7.19) ml/(min⋅100 g) vs. (63.32 ± 4.83) ml/(min⋅100 g); t = 2.690, P = 0.012], while there was no significant difference in ADC value (P > 0.05). There was no significant difference for both CBF and ADC values in late subacute phase and chronic phase (≥ 10 d) between ipsilateral side and contralateral side (P > 0.05, for all). There was no significant difference for both CBF and ADC values between normal brain regions of ipsilateral side and contralateral side (P > 0.05, for all). Conclusions The main manifestation of viral encephalitis in 3D-ASL imaging was hyperperfusion in the early stage. 3D-ASL is superior to conventional MRI sequences in detection of encephalitis lesion and may contribute to the diagnosis of early viral encephalitis in clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To assess the diffusion changes of normal appearing spinal cord (NASC) in MRI examination in patients with neuromyelitis optica (NMO) and multiple sclerosis (MS). Methods Axial diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) of cervical cord was performed in 10 patients with NMO, 14 patients with MS and 13 sex- and age-matched healthy controls. Mean diffusivity (MD) and fractional anisotropy (FA) were measured in the C2-5 level of spinal cord. Regions of interest (ROIs) were placed in the anterior, lateral, posterior funiculi of spinal cord, and the central gray matter of spinal cord. Results Compared with healthy controls, the values of FA in anterior, lateral and posterior funiculi of spinal cord were significantly decreased (P < 0.05, for all) and MD in left lateral funiculus, posterior funiculus and gray matter were significantly increased (P ⩽ 0.05, for all) in NMO group, and the FA values of right lateral and posterior funiculi in MS group were significantly decreased (P < 0.05, for all). Compared with MS group, FA value in patients with NMO was significantly decreased in lateral funiculus, and MD value in left lateral and right posterior funiculi were significantly increased (P < 0.05, for all). Conclusions NASC diffusion abnormalities were found both in patients with NMO and MS. The difference of DTI indicators between NMO and MS patients may offer important information in the early diagnosis and differential diagnosis of NMO and MS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In GM(1, 1) prediction, buffer operators can effectively process raw data with disturbance factors and improve the effect of GM(1, 1) prediction. In this paper, the forecasting effect of GM(1, 1) and applicability evaluation criteria of weakening buffer operators were proposed based on systemic analysis of buffer operators working process to GM(1, 1) prediction. It conducted simulation analysis by choosing six kinds of typical weakening buffer operators working on grain production data of Henan province which were divided into three sequences (the long sequence, the wide spacing sequence and the short sequence). Finally, this paper establishes the effect and its domain of application of each buffer operator on GM(1, 1) prediction. Meanwhile, the validity of the conclusions is verified by selecting other data sequences with similar properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rapid development of economic in China, non-point source pollution has become a major contributor of environment pollution, especially the water environments. The prevention and control of agricultural non-point source pollution have gained more and more attention from the government and scientists in China. This paper reviewed the current state of agricultural non-point source pollution in China and the connotation of circulatory agriculture. It also summarized researches on technologies of circulatory agriculture construction, including pollution control technology for poultry and livestock fanning industry, farmland and domestic waste water. Further more, the idea of construction circulatory agriculture with enterprise management mode was discussed too. Corresponding measures such as strengthen government guidance, construction of scientific and technological innovation system and agriculture circulation industrial clusters for promoting development of circulatory agriculture for the control of agricultural non-point source pollution was put forward. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the clinical, imaging and pathological characteristics of one case of mitochondrial encephalopathy. Methods The data of physical examination, electromyopraphy (EMG), cranial CT and MRI, electroencephalography (EEG), serologic examination, and light microscopy and electron microscopy of muscle biopsy specimens of one case of mitochondrial encephalopathy were collected. The related literatures were reviewed. Results A 52-year-old female patient was admitted with an 8-month of seizures, numbness of the limbs for three times. The clinical manifestations were mainly focal seizures with intelligence disturbance and positive bilateral pyramidal tract sign. The imaging examination was considered to be ischemic stroke and cerebral atrophy. EEG revealed moderate and severe abmormal brain wave. In cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examination, the intracranial pressure (ICP) was initially 2.01 kPa and finally 1.03 kPa, red blood cell count 1.04 × 10 6/L, white blood cell count 5 × 106/L (with an increase in neutrophilic granulocyte proportion), protein 0.70 g/L, chlorides 103.30 mmol/L and IgG 51.90 mg/L. Serum high -sensitivity C -reactive protein (hsCRP) was 15.40 mg/L, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) 23 mm/h. Brain biopsy revealed cortical neuron swelling, loss of natural conical shape. The number of capillary increased and astrocytes proliferated reactively. Immunohistochemical examination showed that there were positive Mito granular materials inside the swelling and normal cytoplasm of neurons. The proliferative astrocytes were positive for glial fibrillany acid protein (GFAP). The electronic microscopic examination revealed that a large number of abnormal mitochondria various in shape and size were accumulated between subsarcolemma and myofibrilla. The mitochondrial cristae were flattened or prolonged and twining in concentricity. Osmiophilic bodies and crystalloid inclusion bodies were found in mitochondria. Conclusion Mitochondrial encephalopathy is a rare disease which may be misdiagnosed as ischemic stroke. The diagnosis of mitochondrial disease must be based upon clinical manifestations and laboratory examinations including serum enzymology, biochemistry, molecular biochemistry, muscular biopsy, etc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microbial fertilizers have the characteristics of high efficiency and environmental protection in improving saline soils, and the application of functional microbial fertilizers is of great significance for the green abatement of saline barriers and the improvement of soil quality in coastal areas. The experiment was based on moderately saline soil in the coastal area of Hebei Province, with corn as the indicator crop, on the basis of conventional chemical fertilizer application. Different microbial fertilizer treatments, namely, T1 （conventional chemical fertilizer 750 kg·hm -2 + compound microbial agent 75 kg·hm -2 ）, T2 （conventional chemical fertilizer 750 kg·hm -2 + Bacillus megaterium 300 kg·hm -2 ）, T3 （conventional chemical fertilizer 750 kg·hm -2 + B. mucilaginosus 300 kg·hm -2 ）, T4 （conventional chemical fertilizer 750 kg·hm -2 + organic silicon fertilizer 600 kg·hm -2 ）, T5 （conventional chemical fertilizer 750 kg·hm -2 + bio-organic fertilizer 600 kg·hm -2 ）, T6 （conventional fertilizer 750 kg·hm -2 + active microalgae 15 kg·hm -2 ）, and CK （only fertilizer 750 kg·hm -2 ）, were used for these seven treatments, to study the effects of different microbial fertilizers on soil nutrients, salinity, bacterial community, and corn yield and economic efficiency during two critical periods （V12 stage and maturity stage） of corn. The results showed that compared with that in CK, T1 significantly increased soil total nitrogen （TN） and available phosphorus （AP） contents during the whole growth period. Over the whole reproductive period, soil organic matter （OM） at maturity increased by 10.35% over the V12 stage compared to that in CK, but there was no significant difference between treatments. Compared with that in CK, T5 and T6 significantly reduced soil total salinity and Ca 2+ content during the whole growth period by an average of 14.51%-18.48% and 24.25%-25.51%. T1 significantly increased the bacterial diversity index over the whole growth period by 45.16% compared to that in CK. The dominant soil phyla were Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, and Chloroflexi, and the dominant genera were Bacillus and Geminicoccaceae . The most abundant functions of the bacterial community in the study area were chemoheterotrophy and aerobic chemoheterotrophy, with average relative abundances of 28.89% and 27.11%, and T3 and T6 significantly improved soil N cycling function. The results of redundancy analysis （RDA） indicated that Na + , SO 4 2- , pH, and EC were important factors driving the structure of the bacterial community, and correlation heatmaps showed that Na + , SO 4 2- , pH, and EC were significantly and positively correlated mainly with the phylum Planctomycetota, whereas soil OM and TN were significantly and positively correlated with Cyanobacteria. Compared with that in CK, T6 increased the relative abundance of Cyanobacteria and optimized the bacterial community structure during the whole growth period. Using recommended dosages of bacterial fertilizers T1 and T6 increased maize yield by 7.31%-24.83% and economic efficiency by 9.05%-23.23%, respectively. The preliminary results of soil chemical properties and yield correlation analysis revealed that EC, AP, HCO 3 - , and Mg 2+ were the obstacle factors limiting soil productivity in coastal areas. In conclusion, the use of the compound bacterial agent （T1） and active microalgae （T6） at the recommended dosage can significantly enhance soil nutrients, reduce salinity, and improve the structural diversity of soil bacterial communities, which not only ensures the increase in maize yield and efficiency but also realizes the efficient use of microbial fertilizers and the improvement of soil quality.

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs-exacerbated respiratory disease （N-ERD） is a chronic respiratory disease characterized by eosinophilic inflammation, featuring chronic rhinosinusitis （CRS）, asthma, and intolerance to cyclooxygenase 1 （COX-1） inhibitors. The use of these medications can lead to an acute worsening of rhinitis and asthma symptoms. This condition has not yet received sufficient attention in China, with a high rate of misdiagnosis and a lack of related research. The Chinese Rhinology Research Group convened a group of leading young experts in otolaryngology from across the country, based on the latest domestic and international evidence-based medical practices to formulate this consensus.The consensus covers the epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnostic methods, and treatment strategies for N-ERD, including pharmacotherapy, surgery, biologic treatments, and desensitization therapy. The goal is to improve recognition of N-ERD, reduce misdiagnosis, and enhance treatment outcomes., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© by the Editorial Department of Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery.)

This study aims to summarize the research hotspots and trends in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) treatment of trauma and provide suggestions for collaborative research on the treatment of trauma with integrated Chinese and western medicine. The re-levant research articles on TCM treatment of trauma were searched against CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, Web of Science, and PubMed from inception to December 31, 2022 and analyzed using bibliometric. After screening, 315 articles in Chinese and 34 articles in English were included. The articles were mainly published by TCM journals. The core author groups were absent. The author affiliations were dominated by medical institutions and supplemented by universities, research institutions, and government agencies. The research mainly focused on the clinical practice and trials of TCM in trauma treatment. Although the TCM treatment of trauma emerged early, it is still in the initial stage of development. The future research can focus on innovating the service model of trauma treatment, improving clinical research capability, improving medical quality management, and strengthening the TCM talent teams in comprehensive hospitals. Western medicine is precise and effective in the treatment of trauma, while TCM with unique treatment methods and effects can play a complementary role. Therefore, the trauma treatment with integrated Chinese and western medicine demonstrates a promising prospect.

Objective: To compare the clinical value of visual analogue scale （VAS）, Lebel scale and total nasal symptom scores （TNSS） in evaluating nasal allergen provocation test （NAPT）. Methods: A total of 151 patients suspected of allergic rhinitis admitted to the Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery of our hospital from April 2020 to September 2020 were included, of which 76 were positive for house dust mites and 75 were negative for allergens. Nasal airway resistance（NAR） was measured by active anterior nasal manometry. Nasal symptoms were evaluated by VAS, Lebel and TNSS. House dust mite allergen was used for NAPT by spray method. An increase≥40% in NAR was used as the gold standard for objective evaluation of NAPT. ROC curves of VAS, Lebel and TNSS were drawn to compare the evaluation effectiveness of different subjective evaluation methods, and the optimal critical point of each ROC curve was obtained. Results: With NAR increased by ≥40% as the gold standard, the area under ROC curve of VAS was 0.884, and the sensitivity and specificity were 97.75% and 80.65%, respectively. The area under ROC curve of Lebel was 0.773, and the sensitivity and specificity were 68.54% and 75.81%, respectively. The area under ROC curve of TNSS was 0.792, and the sensitivity and specificity were 68.54% and 79.03%, respectively. There was no significant difference between Lebel and TNSS（ P >0.05）. The VAS differed significantly from Lebel and TNSS（ P <0.05）. The Kappa values of VAS, Lebel, TNSS and NAR were 0.803, 0.432 and 0.459, respectively. Conclusion: The VAS, Lebel, TNSS subjective scale and NAR are consistent in evaluating the efficacy of NAPT, with the VAS assessment showing highest consistency with NAR. As objective assessment instruments are not widely used in China, subjective assessment method could be adopted to evaluate the efficacy of NAPT in clinical practice, and VAS scale is recommended as a priority., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© by the Editorial Department of Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery.)

Objective To construct the prokaryotic expression plasmid of human mitoferrin 2 (SLC25A28), and to express and purify the protein for preparing its rabbit polyclonal antibody. Methods The prokaryotic expression plasmid pET28a(+)-SLC25A28-His was constructed and transferred into E. coli BL21 (DE3), and induced with Isopropyl-β-D-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG). The SLC25A28 protein was extracted in form of inclusion bodies, and was further purified by His-NTA column after dissolved in 8 mol/L urea. The anti-SLC25A28 polyclonal antibody was prepared by immunizing rabbits, and its specificity was determined by Western blot analysis. Results pET28a(+)-SLC25A28-His was constructed and SLC25A28 protein was successfully expressed in E. coli BL21 (DE3) with the purity up to 90%. The Western blot results indicated that anti-SLC25A28 polyclonal antibody was capable to recognize specifically the SLC25A28 protein in testis. Conclusion The human SLC25A28 is successfully expressed in E. Coli, and the rabbit polyclonal antibody specific to SLC25A28 is prepared.

Objective To investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of sinoline on adjuvant arthritis (AA) rats and the changes of NOD like receptor pyrin-domain containing 3 (NLRP3). Methods Wistar rats were randomly divided into control group, AA model group, (100, 200, 400) mg/kg sinomenine group and 100 mg/kg Tripterygium wilfordii group, with 10 rats in each group. Except for the control group, AA model was established by Freund complete adjuvant. 12 days after modeling, control group and model group were given the same amount of normal saline, and other groups were given drugs by intragastric administration, once a day, for consecutive 16 days. Joint conditions of AA rats were evaluated by multiple arthritis and joint swelling. The level of NLRP3 protein in synovial tissues was detected by Western blot, and the expression and distribution of NLRP3 in synovial tissues were detected by immunohistochemical staining. Serum levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) were detected by ELISA. Results Compared with the control group, multiple arthritis and joint swelling significantly increased in model group, while those significantly decreased in sinomenine treatment groups and Tripterygium wilfordii group. Decreased expression of NLRP3 protein in synovial tissue was observed, along with the significantly reduced levels of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in serum in sinoline treatment groups. Conclusion Sinolin can improve joint inflammation in AA rats by inhibiting NLRP3 and downstream inflammatory factors.

Analyzing the multi-functional evolution of land use can help solve the confusion in the relationship between land use functions and unreasonable land use structure. From the perspective of ecological security, we integrated multi-source data on the basis of quantitative evaluation of various land use functions, and used the method of combining band set statistical model and bivariate local Moran's I to measure the dynamics of trade-off and synergy relationship between land use functions in Huanghua, Hebei from 2000 to 2018, and divided land use functional areas. The results showed that production function (PF) and life function (LF) showed the alternate evolution of the trade-off and synergy relationship, which mostly occured in the central urban areas such as the southern region. The PF and ecological function (EF) was mainly based on the synergistic relationship, which mostly occured in the traditional agricultural areas in the west region. The degree of synergy between LF and water conservation function (WCF) first increased and then decreased, with obvious regional differences in the degree of synergy. LF and soil health function (SHF)/ biological diversity function (BDF) was dominated by trade-off relationship, which mostly occured in western saline-alkali land and coastal areas. The performance of multiple EF was the mutual transformation of trade-offs and synergies. The land space of Huanghua could be divided into six types of areas, agricultural production area, urban development core area, urban and rural optimized development area, renovation and improvement area, nature reserve area, and ecological restoration area. There were differences in the dominant mode of land function and optimization strategies in each area. This research could provide scientific refe-rence for clarifying land function relationship and optimizing land spatial development pattern.

Violet root rot is one of the main root diseases in the production process of Pseudostellaria heterophylla. To clarify the pathogenic species that cause the violet root rot of P. heterophylla in Fujian province, the roots and the sclerotia with violet root rot symptoms were collected from the main producing areas of P. heterophylla(Fujian province) from 2017 to 2021, and the pathogens were isolated by tissue separation method and identified by morphology and multi-gene phylogenetic analysis. Additionally, the biological characteristics of the pathogens were studied and the fungicides were determined. The results showed that 78 strains of violet root rot were isolated from the collected root samples, which belonged to one type after preliminary morphological identification. Two represen-tative strains were selected from the pathogens for multi-gene phylogenetic analysis, and they were clustered with Helicobasidium mompa together. The suitable culture conditions for the mycelium were OA medium, 25 ℃, pH 6, and ammonium oxalate as the nitrogen source. The lethal temperature of the mycelium was 50 ℃ for 10 minutes. Moreover, 99.1% propiconazole and 98.7% azoxystrobin had the optimal bacteriostatic effect, and the concentrations with the 50% bacteriostatic rate were 16.85 and 12.24 μg·mL~(-1), respectively. On the basis of the above results, the pathogen causing violet root rot of P. heterophylla in Fujian province was H. mompa. The medium type, growth temperature, pH value, nitrogen source, etc. had significant effect on the growth of mycelium.

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of acupuncture and moxibustion in the treatment of anxiety and depression in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) by meta-analysis., Methods: China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Data, China Scientific Journal Database (VIP), China Biomedical Literature Service System (SinoMed), PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on acupuncture and moxibustion in the treatment of IBS anxiety and depression from database inception to June 30, 2021. RevMan5.3 and Stata16.0 were used to conduct Meta-analysis of relevant outcome indicators., Results: A total of 11 RCTs were included in this study, involving 774 IBS patients (431 in the intervention group and 343 in the control group). Eight of them used manual acupuncture (MA) intervention, and the other three used electroacupuncture (EA) intervention. Meta-analysis showed that compared with the western medicine, MA improved the sedation-agitation scale (SAS) scores ( MD =5.24, 95% CI =［3.49, 7.00］, P <0.000 01) and self-rating depression scale (SDS) scores ( MD =8.50, 95% CI =［4.68, 12.32］, P <0.000 1) in IBS patients, and there was no significant difference between MA or EA and western medicine in the improvement of Hamilton anxiety rating scale (HAMA) scores ( MD =1.10, 95% CI =［0.36, 2.56］, P =0.14) and Hamilton depression rating scale (HAMD) scores ( MD =0.53, 95% CI =［0.89, 1.94］, P =0.47). In terms of total effective rates ( RR =1.21, 95% CI =［1.12, 1.31］, P <0.000 01) and the irritable bowel syndrome severity scoring system (IBS-SSS) scores ( MD =42.16, 95% CI =［27.40, 56.91］, P <0.000 01), both MA and EA therapy was superior to western medicine in alleviating gastrointestinal symptoms of IBS patients., Conclusion: MA and EA can improve the anxiety and depression of IBS patients, while the influence of other acupuncture and moxibustion interventions needs to be deeply explored with more high-quality RCTs.

Objectives: To study the application of three-dimensional speckle-tracking imaging in evaluating left ventricular systolic function and its correlation with peripheral arterial elasticity in children with simple obesity., Methods: Random sampling combined with convenience sampling was used to obtain research samples, and then the samples were divided into an obesity group (23 cases), an overweight group (21 cases), and a normal group (24 cases). Three-dimensional speckle-tracking imaging was used to measure the global longitudinal strain (GLS), global radial strain (GRS), and global circumferential strain (GCS) of the left ventricle. An automatic arteriosclerosis tester was used to measure ankle-brachial index (ABI) and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV). These parameters were compared among the three groups. The correlation of three-dimensional speckle-tracking parameters with ABI and baPWV was evaluated., Results: There were no significant differences in GLS, GRS, and GCS between the obesity and normal groups ( P >0.05). The overweight group had a significantly higher GLS than the normal group [(-24±7) vs (-19±12), P <0.05]. The obesity and overweight groups had a significantly lower ABI than the normal group [(1.00±0.09)/(1.09±0.13) vs (2.25±0.13), P <0.05). The obesity group had a significantly higher baPWV than the normal group [(978±109) vs (905±22), P <0.05]. In the children with obesity, GLS was positively correlated with baPWV ( r =0.516, P <0.05) , but not correlated with ABI ( P >0.05), and GCS and GRS had no significant correlation with ABI or baPWV ( P >0.05)., Conclusions: There are varying degrees of changes in left ventricular systolic function and peripheral arterial elasticity in children with simple obesity, and there is a certain correlation between them.

Objective: To systematically review the therapeutic effect of acupuncture and moxibustion on postoperative gastrointestinal dysfunction (GID) of gastric cancer with meta-analysis., Methods: The articles of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of acupuncture and moxibustion treatment for postoperative GID of gastric cancer were retrieved from the following databases from the time of database establishment to December 31, 2020, including PubMed, EMbase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang database, VIP database and China Biomedical Literature Database (SinoMed). RevMan5.3 software was used for meta-analysis. Using Stata16.0 software, sensitivity analysis and publication bias test were performed., Results: A total of 16 RCTs were included finally, including 1 360 patients, of which, there were 681 cases in the intervention group and 679 cases in the control group. Meta-analysis results showed that acupuncture and moxibustion shortened the time of first flatus ( P <0.000 01, MD =-14.52, 95% CI = [-17.31, -11.74]), the time of first bowel sound ( P <0.000 01, MD =-10.50, 95% CI =[-13.99, -7.01]) and the time of first defecation ( P <0.000 1, MD =-13.79, 95% CI =[-20.09, -7.50]). Meanwhile, acupuncture and moxibustion shortened the time of the first food intake ( P <0.000 1, MD =-3.23, 95% CI = [-3.45, -3.00]) and the hospital stay ( P <0.000 01, MD =-1.94, 95% CI =[-2.20, -1.69]) after gastric cancer operation, and reduced the incidences of postoperative adverse reactions, i.e. nausea and vomiting ( P =0.000 3, RR =0.43, 95% CI =[0.28, 0.68]) and abdominal distention ( P =0.000 5, RR =0.41, 95% CI =[0.25, 0.68])., Conclusion: Acupuncture and moxibustion can promote the recovery of postoperative gastrointestinal function in the patients with gastric cancer. But, for the comparison among different measures of acupuncture and moxibustion intervention, it needs more high-quality trials for a further verification.

The paper introduces professor WU Xu 's experience of sequential therapy for peripheral facial paralysis. The sequential therapy refers to a staging treatment, but not rigidly adheres to it. With this therapy, the acupuncture- moxibustion regimen is modified flexibly in line with the specific symptoms of illness. At the acute phase of peripheral facial paralysis, warm acupuncture at Wangu (GB 12) is predominated and electroacupuncture is not recommended at the acupoints on the face. At the recovery phase, warm acupuncture at Zusanli (ST 36) is the main therapy and electroacupuncture is applied to the acupoints on the face appropriately. Besides, for the intractable case, the tapping technique with plum-blossom needle or skin needle should be combined and exerted in the local affected region. At the sequelae phase, in order to shorten the duration of illness, depending on the different types of facial paralysis, i.e. stiffness type, spasmodic type and flaccid type, the corresponding needling techniques are provided, i.e. bloodletting and moxibustion, strong stimulation with contralateral acupuncture and the technique for promoting the governor vessel and warming up yang .

Cerium-manganese modified biochar (MBC) combined with earthworms ( Eisenia foetida) can immobilize arsenic (As) in red soils. In this study, high-throughput sequencing technology was used to explore the combined effects of MBC and E. foetida on bacterial diversity and community structure in As-contaminated red soils. The results showed that the single earthworm treatment had the highest diversity index, whereas the diversity index decreased in the single biochar or MBC treatment, indicating that earthworms can boost the growth of bacteria in the soil, and the addition of biochar/MBC all decreased the bacterial diversity of soils. When biochar/MBC was combined with earthworms, the diversity index increased to some degree. In terms of bacterial community structure, the relative abundance of Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes increased significantly in each treatment, especially for MBC-earthworm treated soil, in which the relative abundance was increased by 17.08% and 329.47% for Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes, respectively, compared to that in the control (CK). Otherwise, those abundances were decreased by 19.18% and 48.76%, respectively, for Acidobacteria and Chloroflexi. Correlation analysis results showed that the soil water-soluble As (WSAs) was negatively correlated with the relative abundances of Proteobacteria and Bacteroides ( P <0.05) but was positively correlated with Acidobacteria and Chloroflexi ( P <0.05), which indicated that with the decrease in WSAs in soils, the bacteria of Proteobacteria and Bacteroides reproduced rapidly, whereas the Acidobacteria and Chloroflexi were inhibited. Moreover, different treatments induced selective changes in the bacterial community, in which earthworms significantly promoted the proliferation of γ -Proteobacteria, Flavobacteriales, Aeromonadales, and Variovorax and earthworms improved the immobilization effect of As by promoting the growth of these bacteria.

Objective: To investigate the effect of long non-coding RNA-TUC338 on the proliferation and migration of lymphoma cells., Methods: The expression of TUC338 in different lymphoma cells was detected by fluorescence quantitative PCR, cell proliferation by sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay, migration of lymphoma cells by transwell assay, and protein expression in PI3K/AKT signaling pathway by Western blot., Results: The expression levels of TUC338 in lymphoma cells Daudi, U937, BC-3, and Raji significantly increased in comparison with human normal T lymphocytes H9 (t=13.277, 10.103, 16.200, and 26.687, P=0.002, 0.005, 0.001, and 0.000). Compared with NC-siRNA group, the number of cells crossing the chamber of TUC338-siRNA group was significantly reduced (t=30.508, P=0.000), the protein expression levels of p-PI3K and p-AKT significantly decreased (t=16.872 and 18.371, P=0.000 and 0.000), and OD 530 absorbance values at 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h were significantly lower (P<0.05)., Conclusion: The expression of TUC338 significantly increases in lymphoma cells, and silence of TUC338 effectively inhibits the activation of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, thereby inhibiting the proliferation and migration of lymphoma cells, which has a potential application value in diagnosis and treatment of lymphoma.

Objective: To systematically review the effects of moxibustion on serum cytokines in experimental animals with rheumatoid arthritis., Methods: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, The Cochrane Library, CNKI, VIP, Wanfang Data, and CBM were searched for animal experiments on moxibustion intervention for rheumatoid arthritis. Related data were extracted, and RevMan 5.3 was used to perform a meta-analysis of outcome measures, including serum tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), interleukin-17 (IL-17), interleukin-2 (IL-2), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (RANKL), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), and degree of swelling of diseased joint., Results: A total of 18 studies were included. The detection methods included radioimmunoassay and ELISA and the experimental animal species included rats and rabbits. The studies on serum TNF-α and degree of swelling of diseased joint had publication bias. Meta-analysis showed that the moxibustion group had significant reductions in the serum levels of TNF-α, IL-1, IL-2, IL-6, VEGF, IL-17, and RANKL, significant increases in the serum levels of TGF-β and IFN-γ, and a significant reduction in the degree of swelling of diseased joints in model animals., Conclusion: Moxibustion can effectively regulate levels of the serum cytokines in experimental animals of rheumatoid arthritis and thus reduce inflammatory response and alleviate the swelling of diseased joints.

Objective: To investigate the pathogenesis of OSA-related through 128-slice spiral CT measurements of adult male patients with moderate to severe OSA at different respiratory phases, and to optimize treatment options for patients with OSA. Method: 128-slice spiral CT was used to scan the upper airway in 52 adult male patients with moderate to severe OSA and 20 normal controls under two different breathing states: calm breathing and Müller maneuver. The plane diameter and length of each area of the upper airway were measured. Area size, soft palate length, thickness, airway volume, airway length, total thickness of the pharyngeal wall, and calculate the compliance of the pharyngeal cavity, including the compliance of the pharyngeal wall, the compliance of the anterior and posterior pharyngeal wall, and the total pharyngeal compliance. Comparison of measurement results and correlation analysis with related parameters.Result: In the OSA group, the length and area of the smallest plane of each airway area（except the posterior epiglottic area） during calm breathing are greater than Müller's movement, and the difference was statistically significant（ P <0.05）. The soft palate length and thickness of the OSA group during calm breathing were significantly larger than those of the normal group, and the difference was statistically significant（ P <0.01）, In the OSA group, the total thickness of the soft palate region and the posterior lingual area of the pharyngeal wall in the Müller group was significantly greater than the calm breathing state, and the difference was statistically significant（ P <0.01）. The volume of the nasopharynx, posterior epiglottic area and airway length in the OSA group during calm breathing were significantly larger than those in the normal group, and the difference was statistically significant（ P <0.01）. The compliance of the pharyngeal cavity in the OSA group was greater than that in the normal group, and the difference was statistically significant（ P <0.05）. In the OSA group, the volume of the posterior soft palate, posterior tongue, and total airway volume during Müller movement were significantly smaller than those of calm breathing, and the differences were statistically significant（ P <0.01）. In the OSA group, the compliance of the pharyngeal wall in the posterior region of the soft palate was greater than the compliance of the anterior and posterior wall of the pharynx, while the compliance of the posterior region of the pharynx in the posterior region of the pharynx was greater than the compliance of the pharynx. There was a significant positive correlation between BMI and AHI in OSA patients（ P <0.05）, which was statistically significant. Conclusion: Through MSCT measurement of the upper airways of adult male patients with moderate to severe OSA, the morphological structure and compliance of the upper airways can be observed intuitively, and the degree and location of upper airway stenosis can be accurately assessed, and the measurement indicators and related parameters can be combined. The correlation can optimize the clinical treatment options for adult male patients with OSA., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© by the Editorial Department of Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery.)

Objective: To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety differences between acupuncture-moxibustion at acute stage and non-acute stage for peripheral facial paralysis., Methods: The clinical trials regarding acupuncture- moxibustion for peripheral facial paralysis published before May 31st 2019 were searched in databases of CNKI, WF, VIP, SinoMed, PubMed, Cochrane Library and Google Scholar. The information of included studies was extracted and the quality was assessed by two independent researchers. The Meta-analysis was performed by using RevMan 5.3 software., Results: A total of 11 trials were included, involving 1741 patients. The Meta-analysis results showed that: (1) the curative rate of acupuncture-moxibustion at acute stage was higher than that at non-acute stage ( OR =2.45, 95% CI : 1.91-3.14, Z =7.06, P <0.01); (2) the average curative time of acupuncture-moxibustion at acute stage were shorter than that of non-acute stage ( WMD =5.26, 95% CI : 3.44, 7.08, Z =5.67, P <0.01); (3) the incidence rate of sequelae in 6-month follow up of acupuncture-moxibustion at acute stage were lower than that of non-acute stage ( OR =2.71, 95% CI : 1.26, 5.84, Z =2.56, P <0.05); (4) one study reported that there were no adverse reactions during treatment in both treatment group and control group., Conclusion: Based on current evidence, the efficacy of acupuncture-moxibustion at acute stage is superior to non-acute stage, which could promote the recovery of the disease and shorten the course of treatment, and reduce the occurrence of sequelae. More high-quality, large-sample randomized controlled trials are needed for further verification.

Objective: To investigate the expression of Circ&#95;cgga162 in serum of mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) patients and analyze its potential as a prognostic biomarker., Methods: The expression of Circ&#95;cgga162 in 86 cases of mantle cell lymphoma and 50 cases of lymph node reactive hyperplasia (RH) were detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The relationship between the expression of Circ&#95;cgga162 and clinicopathological features was analyzed by univariate analysis. The relationship of Circ&#95;cgga162 expression with progression-free survival time and overall survival time was analyzed by Kaplan-Meier. The relationship between expression of Circ&#95;cgga162 and prognosis of patients was analyzed by univariate and multivariate analysis., Results: The expression level of Circ&#95;cgga162 in MCL patients was significantly higher than that in control (RH) group (P＜0.01). The expression of Circ&#95;cgga162 not correlated with age, gender, B symptoms and LDH (all P＞0.05), but correlated with the expression of MCL International Prognostic Index (IPI), Ann Arbor stage, bone marrow infiltration and Ki67 (all P＜0.05). In addition, Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that the progression-free survival time and overall survival time of the MCL patients with high expression of Circ&#95;cgga162 were significantly shorter than those of the MCL patients with low expression (P＜0.01). Univariate analysis showed that Ann Arbor stage, Circ&#95;cgga162 expression, MIPI, bone marrow infiltration and Ki67 were the prognostic factors for MCL patients (all P＜0.05). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that Ann Arbor stage, Circ&#95;cgga162 expression and MIPI were independent factors affecting the prognosis of MCL patients (all P＜0.05)., Conclusion: Circ&#95;cgga162 is highly expressed in serum of patients MCL, which relates with the prognosis of MCL patients. Circ&#95;cgga162 can be used as a potential prognostic marker and therapeutic target for MCL patients.

Meiosis is a special type of cell division to produce haploid gametes with intact genome. The behavior of homologous chromosomes during the first division (meiosis prophase I) is the most prominent feature of meiosis. During meiosis prophase I, synaptonemal complex (SC) formed between homologous chromosomes to promote the initiation and repair of programmed DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), which is necessary for the correct recognition, pairing, recombination and separation of homologous chromosomes. In this paper, we reviewed the recent research progress on the composition and function of SC, discussed how the assembly of SC affected the repair of DSBs, and also summarized the known mutations on SC genes which were responsible for human reproductive disorders. On this basis, we also explored the future research direction of this field.

Loaded cerium and manganese modified biochar (MBC) was prepared by high temperature pyrolysis at 600℃, and three kinds of arsenic (As) contaminated soils were selected for remediation, including red soil, yellow soil, and purple soil with different basic properties. During the soil incubation experiment, the goal of this research was to investigate the influence of MBC as a stabilizer of the mobility of arsenic in these three soils after treated by biochar (BC) and MBC. The results revealed that the application of MBC resulted in a significant decrease of water soluble arsenic content in the three different kinds of soils. With the additional amount increasing, the stabilization efficiency of soil arsenic increased continuously. When the applied amount of MBC ranged from 1% to 10%, the stabilization efficiency of arsenic was in the range of 70%-99%. The corresponding stabilizing efficiencies of the red, yellow, and purple soils were 70.59%-94.72%, 75.24%-98.35%, and 76.53%-99.61%, respectively, after being treated by MBC at 1%-10%. At a higher addition of 10% MBC, the efficiency of stabilization reached 95%. On the contrary, the addition of unmodified biochar caused the activation and dissipation of As in soils. Comparatively speaking, according to the stabilization efficiency, the three soils ranked in this decreasing order:purple soil > yellow soil > red soil. It also illustrated that the addition of MBC into soils led to the conversion of active arsenic to stable ones in soil, indicating the conversion from non-specifically sorbed (F1) and specifically sorbed (F2) to well-crystallized hydrous oxides of Fe and Al (F4) and residual phases (F5), which reduced the mobility of arsenic in these soils. According to the analysis of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction analysis, the immobilization of arsenic by MBC was strongly related to the successful loading of cerium-manganese oxide onto biochar. Therefore, MBC can be used to make suitable amendments to immobilize As in soils for remediation of arsenic-contaminated farmland soils.

Objective: To analyze the characteristics of cellular immune function and its prognostic risk factors in patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP)., Methods: The clinical data of patients diagnosed as CAP admitted to department of respiratory and critical care medicine of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University from June 2018 to February 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into survival group and death group according to the mortality at discharge and 28-day survival after hospital discharge; in addition, they were divided into bacterial group, fungi group and mixed infection group according to pathogen results at discharge. The differences of general clinical characteristics, arterial blood gas analysis indexes, plasma albumin, cellular immune function, inflammatory cytokines, the length of hospital stay among groups were analyzed. The correlation between the prognosis-related indicators in patients were analyzed by Pearson test or Spearman test, and Logistic regression model was used to analyze the risk factors of patients in non-survival group., Results: 106 patients were finally enrolled, 69 of whom were survived, and 37 dead. Among 56 patients with pathogen results, 27 were diagnosed as bacterial infection, 11 as fungal infection, and 18 with mixed infection. Compared with the survival group, plasma albumin level, total T cell count, CD4 + T cell count, CD8 + T cell count were decreased in the death group, temperature, pH, acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II (APACHE II), procalcitonin (PCT), interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP) were increased, and the length of hospital stay was significantly shortened. While there was no significant difference in gender, age, mean arterial pressure, arterial oxygen pressure, CD4 + /CD8 + , regulation T cell/effect T cell (TREG/TEF) between the two groups. Correlation analysis showed that plasma albumin, the length of hospital stay, APACHE II score, CD4 + T cell count, CD8 + T cell count, CD4 + /CD8 + , PCT, IL-6, CRP were correlated with death (r value was -0.480, -0.209, 0.203, -0.279, -0.270, 0.271, 0.247, 0.410, 0.329, all P < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that plasma albumin, CD4 + T cell count, CD8 + T cell count, CD4 + /CD8 + decreased; APACHE II score, PCT, IL-6, and CRP increased; the length of hospital stay were correlated with death, and all were independent risk factors for death in CAP patients (all P < 0.05). Correlation analysis showed that the APACHE II score was negatively related to plasma albumin (r = -0.375, P < 0.05), positively related to CRP and IL-6 (r value was 0.363 and 0.333 respectively, both P < 0.05); negative correlation between plasma albumin and IL-6 (r = -0.372, P < 0.05), PCT and CD4 + T cell count (r = -0.354, P < 0.05), CRP and the length of hospital stay (r = -0.356, P < 0.05). There were no significant correlations between the others. There was no significant difference in cellular immune function or inflammatory factor expression between different pathogenic infections., Conclusions: Cellular immune dysfunction, hypoproteinemia, APACHE II score and elevated inflammatory index are all influential factors for the death of CAP patients. Apart from conventional anti-infective treatment, the symptoms of hypoproteinemia and cellular immune function can predict the severity and prognosis of CAP patients.

The sensitization phenomena and regularities of Hegu (LI 4) were preliminarily explored. The relevant literature regarding Hegu (LI 4) sensitization were collected by computer retrieval at Cochrane Library, Pubmed, Embase (OvidSP), China Journal Full Text Database (CNKI), China Biomedical Literature Database (CBM), VIP and Wanfang (WF) databases as well as manual searching, and a modern literature database of Hegu (LI 4) sensitization was established. The information of disease type, sensitization type, detection method and index were collected. Frequency statistics method was used for analysis. As a result, 47 literatures were included, of which heat sensitivity was the most common type of sensitization, and diseases of liver and gallbladder, limb meridians, lung system, and spleen-stomach system were the most common types of diseases. The detection method of sensitization was various, among them, potassium ion introduction method and hot-water tail-flick method were mainly used for pain sensitivity, while acupoint resistance measuring instrument was mainly used for electric sensitivity, while thermal infrared imager was mainly used for heat sensitivity, while infrared spectrometric analyzer was mainly used for light sensitivity, while pressing pain measuring instrument was used for pressing sensitivity. Detection index was different, pain sensitivity detected pain threshold, electric sensitivity mainly detected acupoint resistance, heat sensitivity mainly detected temperature, light sensitivity detected average sharpness and average energy of infrared radiation, pressing sensitivity detected pressing-pain threshold. In conclusion, the regularities of sensitization of Hegu (LI 4) were preliminarily summarized, which involved five sensitization types: heat sensitivity, electric sensitivity, pain sensitivity, pressing sensitivity and light sensitivity. The sensitization of Hegu (LI 4) was commonly seen in facial paralysis, bronchial asthma, allergic rhinitis, tinnitus, ulcerative colitis. The temperature, pain threshold, pressing-pain threshold, average sharpness and average energy of infrared radiation of Hegu (LI 4) in pathological condition were lower than those in healthy subjects, and the resistance value was higher than that of healthy subjects.

The population receptive field (pRF) of a voxel is the joint receptive field of the population of neurons within the voxel. Using a non-invasive pRF technique, researcher can estimate the pRF position and size parameters of each voxel in human brain. These pRF parameters provide an excellent research basis to study neural mechanisms of sensory perception. Although the pRF technique has developed very rapidly in recent years and been widely used in the field of neural mechanisms of sensory perception, related review article is still absent. Here, we provide an overview of the pRF technique. First, we briefly introduce research methods of this technique. Next, we focus on applications of this technique in the field of neural mechanisms of sensory perception. Then, we discuss advantages and limitations of the pRF technique in practical application. In the end, we give some suggestions on the future application direction of the pRF technique. The pRF technique has played an important role in the research of neural mechanism of sensory perception, and it would play a more important role in the future.