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Objective: To investigate the composition of fat and fatty acid in 12 kinds of aquaculture products in Hainan Province., Methods: A total of 12 aquatic products were monitored in 8 breeding bases in Hainan Province, the edible parts were tested for fat and fatty acid. The content and composition of fat and fatty acid were analyzed., Results: A total of 12 aquaculture products were monitored, including 6 freshwater aquaculture products and 6 mariculture aquatic products. The contents of crude fat and total fatty acid(TFA) ranged from 1.2 to 20 g/100 g edible and 1.0 to 15 g/100 g edible, and they were positively correlated(r=0.989, P<0.01). A total of 18-30 fatty acids were detected. Among them, 12 were saturated fatty acids(SFA), ranging from 0.34 to 6.4 g/100 g edible, mainly palmitic acid, eight were monounsaturated fatty acids(MUFA), mainly oleic acid. Ten were polyunsaturated fatty acids(PUFA), ranging from 0.28 to 2.6 g/100 g edible, It was mainly composed of linoleic acid(LA), docosahexaenoic acid(DHA), α-linolenic acid(ALA) and eicosapentaenoic acid(EPA)., Conclusion: The composition of fatty acid in aquaculture products in Hainan Province is mainly unsaturated fatty acids(UFA), and most aquatic products are rich in n-3PUFA, and the ratio of n-6PUFA to n-3PUFA is less than 6, which has high nutritional and health value, and is beneficial to the nutritional diet balance of of population.

To investigate the formation of polystyrene nanoplastic-plant protein corona and its potential impact on plants, three differently modified polystyrene nanoplastics with an average particle size of 200 nm were taken to interact with the leaf proteins of Impatiens hawkeri for 2 h, 4 h, 8 h, 16 h, 24 h, and 36 h, respectively. The morphological changes were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the surface roughness was determined by atomic force microscopy (AFM), the hydrated particle size and zeta potential were determined by nanoparticle size and zeta potential analyzer, and the protein composition of the protein corona was identified by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The proteins were classified in terms of biological processes, cellular components, and molecular functions to study the adsorption selection of nanoplastics to proteins, investigate the formation and characteristics of polystyrene nanoplastic-plant protein corona and predict the potential impact of protein corona on plants. The results showed that the morphological changes of the nanoplastics became clearer as the reaction time extends, as evidenced by the increase in size and roughness and the enhancement of stability, thus demonstrating the formation of protein corona. In addition, the transformation rate from soft to hard protein corona was basically the same for the three polystyrene nanoplastics in the formation of protein corona with leaf proteins under the same protein concentration conditions. Moreover, in the reaction with leaf proteins, the selective adsorption of the three nanoplastics to proteins with different isoelectric points and molecular weights differed, and the particle size and stability of the final formed protein corona also differed. Since a large portion of the protein fraction in protein corona is involved in photosynthesis, it is hypothesized that the formation of the protein corona may affect photosynthesis in I . hawkeri .

Objective: To investigate the safety and feasibility of transoral vestibular endoscopy in the treatment of patients with thyroid malignant tumors. Methods: 120 patients with thyroid cancer admitted to Xi 'an Central Hospital from January 2019 to December 2021 were selected and randomly divided into endoscopic surgery group（60 cases） and traditional open surgery group（60 cases）. The general operation conditions, postoperative complications and postoperative quality of life were compared between the two groups. Results: The intraoperative blood loss, indwelling drainage tube time and average length of hospital stay in the endoscopic surgery group were significantly lower than those in the traditional open surgery group （ P <0.05）, while the operation time and number of lymph nodes dissected were significantly higher than those in the traditional open surgery group （ P <0.05）. There was no significant differences in VAS score at 24h after surgery, white blood cell count, TgAb （+） and temporary hypothyroidism between the two groups at 24 h after operation （ P >0.05）. The CRP, total drainage volume, TgAb and serum calcium in the endoscopic surgery group were higher than those in the traditional open surgery group, and the PTH and Tg were lower than those in the traditional open surgery group （ P <0.05）.One case of hoarseness,2 cases of extremities numbness, 1 case of subcutaneous effusion and 2 cases of chin nerve injury occurred in the endoscopic surgery group, the total incidence of postoperative complications was 10.00%. Five cases of hoarseness, 11 cases of choking cough limbs numbness, 1 case of drinking water, 1 case of postoperative bleeding and 4 cases of subcutaneous effusion occurred in the traditional open surgery group, the total postoperative incidence of complications was 36.67%, the total incidence of complications in endoscopic surgery group was lower than that in traditional open surgery group （ P <0.05）. The total scores of physiological status, social/family status, emotional status, functional status and quality of life in endoscopic surgery group were significantly lower than those in traditional open surgery group （ P <0.05）. Conclusion: The application of oral vestibular endoscopy in the treatment of thyroid malignant tumors has the advantages of good surgical status and postoperative recovery, fewer postoperative complications.The patient was well tolerated,with positive safety，this technique has high clinical application value., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© by the Editorial Department of Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery.)

Micro non-coding RNA (microRNA, miRNA) is a small non-coding RNA involved in gene expression regulation that plays an important role in the onset and development of mental illness. Evidence suggests that several miRNAs are dysregulated in patients with mental illnesses. Because of its stability and quantitative detection in peripheral blood and cerebral fluid, miRNA is a particularly attractive biomarker. The objective of this research is to investigate the relationship between mental illness and miRNAs, as well as the potential processes through which miRNAs contribute to disease etiology. Schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and depression are three major mental disorders with high disability and mortality. The study explored the particular dysregulated miRNAs for each condition as well as common dysregulated miRNAs across diseases. In this study, which analyzes the findings from relevant studies from 2016 to 2020, the authors discuss the functions of numerous severely dysfunctional miRNAs and their application potential in the field of psychiatry research.

Objective To investigate the expression of microRNA-146a-3p(miR-146a-3p) and interleukin 17 (IL-17) in peripheral blood CD4 + T cells of neonates with sepsis (NS) and its regulation mechanism. Methods The expression of miR-146a-3p and IL-17 mRNA in CD4 + T cells of 66 children with sepsis (septicemia group), 40 children with infectious diseases (infection group), and 40 healthy newborns (control group) were detected by real-time quantitative PCR, and the level of IL-17 in peripheral blood was detected by ELISA. The targeting effect of the miR-146a-3p on IL-17 was verified by the dual luciferase reporter assay. After isolation of the CD4 + T cells, the expression of miR-146a-3p in CD4 + T cells was promoted or inhibited by miR-146a-3p mimic or miR-146a-3p inhibitor. The proportion of Th17 cells was detected by flow cytometry, and the methylation of miR-146a-3p gene was detected by methylation specific PCR. The changes of Th17 cell proportion and IL-17 expression were observed after adding methylation inhibitor 5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-Aza-dC) to CD4 + T cells. Results Compared with those in the infection group and the control group, the expression of miR-146a-3p in peripheral blood CD4 + T cells decreased, while the expression of IL-17 mRNA and the level of IL-17 in peripheral blood increased in septicemia group. Transfection of miR-146a-3p mimic in CD4 + T cells significantly inhibited the activity of wild-type luciferase in the 3'UTR of IL-17. After transfection of miR-146a-3p mimic, the expression of IL-17 mRNA in CD4 + T cells, and the level of IL-17 and the proportion of Th17 cells in the supernatant were significantly decreased. After transfection of miR-146a-3p inhibitor, the expression of IL-17 mRNA, and the level of IL-17 and the proportion of Th17 cells in the supernatant were increased. The methylation rate of miR-146a-3p gene promoter in the peripheral blood of the septicemia group was significantly higher than those of the control group and the infection group. After the addition of 5-Aza-dC in CD4 + T cells, the expression of miR-146a-3p was increased and the expression of IL-17 mRNA was decreased, and in the supernatant, the level of IL-17 was decreased and the proportion of Th17 cells was significantly reduced. Conclusion The expression of miR-146a-3p is down-regulated and the expression of IL-17 is up-regulated in peripheral blood CD4 + T cells of children with neonatal sepsis.

Objective: To study the carotid intima-media thickness （IMT） level of OSA patients of different severity, the proportion of Th17 cells in peripheral blood and the mRNA level of nuclear transfer factor RORγt, and to explore the relationship between Th17 cells and atherosclerosis in OSA patients. Method: Sixty-two patients who underwent respiratory and sleep monitoring were selected and divided into three groups according to the AHI index: 15 patients in the normal control group（AHI<5）, there were 22 cases in the mild group（AHI 5-15） and 25 cases in the moderate and severe group（AHI≥15）. Carotid intima-media thickness（IMT） was measured in all subjects, the ratio of Th17 cells in peripheral blood monouelear cells（PBMC） were analysed by flow cytometry. The expression of RORγt mRNA were detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Result: The carotid IMT of patients in the normal control group, the mild OSA group and the moderate to severe OSA group were （0.74±0.21） mm, （1.09±0.23） mm and （1.60±0.30） mm, respectively. The moderate to severe group was higher than the mild group and the normal control group, the difference was statistically significant （ P <0.01）. The proportion of Th17 in peripheral blood of the three groups was（2.54±0.20）%, （4.34±0.30）%, and （8.27±0.31）%, respectively. The moderate to severe group was significantly higher than the mild group and the control group （ P <0.01）, the difference was statistically significant. The relative mRNA expression levels of RORγt in the three groups were 0.92±0.24, 2.60±0.59, and 4.93±0.72, respectively. The moderate to severe group was significantly higher than the mild group and the control group （ P <0.01）, the difference was statistically significant. The proportion of Th17 in peripheral blood and the relative expression of RORvt mRNA were positively correlated with the carotid IMT （ r value was 0.80, 0.78, respectively, all P <0.01）. Conclusion: Th17 cells differentiation is increased in OSA patients, and Th17 cells are correlated with indicators reflecting the progression of atherosclerosis. Th17 cells may be involved in the development of atherosclerosis in OSA patients., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© by the Editorial Department of Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery.)

Background: Lung cancer is the most common neoplasmas with a poor prognosis and a low 5-year survival rate. Early screening is an important measure for the prevention and treatment of lung cancer. At present, different countries have issued corresponding lung cancer screening guidelines, but China still lacks guidelines based on Chinese population research. Therefore, the National Cancer Center launched a Multi-center Cancer Screening Program in Urban China. This study analyzed the evaluation of lung cancer risk assessment model and screening effect in urban China of Yunnan, so as to explore the evaluation model of high-risk lung cancer population suitable for China's national conditions and develop lung cancer screening guidelines for Chinese., Methods: A questionnaire survey and lung cancer risk assessment were conducted on 165,337 people in 36 street offices in 4 main urban areas of Kunming, Yunnan Province, using cluster sampling method from January 2015 to December 2019. People with high-risk of lung cancer conducted low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) screening of chest. What's more, all participants were followed up by active or passive follow-up., Results: There were 264 patients were diagnosed lung cancer by pathology, and the overall incidence of lung cancer was 0.16% (264/165,337). The high-risk group (0.31%, 116/37,914) was higher than the non-high-risk group (0.12%, 148/127,423), and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.001). The incidence of lung cancer in the high-risk group was higher than the non-high-risk group among the male, female, and lower 50-year-old or more than 50-year-old subgroups, with statistical differences (P<0.001), but there was no statistical difference in the group without LDCT screening (P=0.73). The sensitivity of the lung cancer high-risk population assessment model was 43.94% (116/264) and the specificity was 77.10% (127,275/165,073). The early diagnosis rate of the screening group was 72.97% (54/74), which was significantly higher than that of the non-screening group [28.48% (43/151)]., Conclusions: The lung cancer high-risk population assessment model of National Key Public Health Program: Cancer Screening Program in Urban China can detect high-risk populations and improve the early diagnosis rate of lung cancer effectively.

Soybean mosaic virus (SMV), one of the major viral diseases of Pinellia ternata (Thunb.) Breit., has had a serious impact on its yield and quality. The construction of viral infectious clones is a powerful tool for reverse genetics research on viral gene function and interaction between virus and host. To clarify the molecular mechanism of SMV infection in Pinellia ternata, it is particularly important to construct the SMV full-length cDNA infectious clone. Therefore, the infectious clone of Soybean mosaic virus Shanxi Pinellia ternata isolate (SMV-SXBX) was constructed in this study by Gibson in vitro recombination system, and the healthy Pinellia ternata leaves were inoculated by Agrobacterium infiltration, further through mechanical passage and RT-PCR, confirming that the 3' end of the SMV-SXBX infectious clone had a stable infectivity when it contained 56-nt of poly(A) tail. This method is not only convenient and efficient, but also avoids the instability of SMV infectious clones in Escherichia coli. The construction of SMV full-length infectious cDNA clones laid the foundation for further study on the molecular mechanism of SMV replication and pathogenesis.

Background: Yunnan is a country with a high incidence of lung cancer in China and all over the world, and its morbidity and mortality are still rising. With changes in lifestyle and environment, the clinical epidemiological characteristics of lung cancer are converting. However, the trend of clinical characteristics of lung cancer in Yunnan has not been reported in the past 10 years, and we should start further research. The aim of this study was to explore the clinical characteristics and changes of lung cancer in Yunnan from 2005 to 2014, and to provide a theoretical basis for lung cancer prevention and treatment in this region., Methods: A retrospective survey was used to extract the cases of lung cancer patients who were treated in our hospital from 2005 to 2014 by simple random sampling. The sociodemographic and clinicopathological characteristics of the patients were extracted by using a unified and standardized questionnaire. And the statistical analysis of the data was performed., Results: A total of 1,000 patients with lung cancer were enrolled, with an average age of (58.1±10.1) years, and the ratio of male to female was 3.08/1.00. The proportion of male patients decreased from 75.0% in 2005 to 66.0% in 2014, while female patients increased from 25.0% to 34.0% (P=0.007). The proportion of patients aged ≥60 years increased from 30.0% in 2005 to 39.0% in 2014, and the proportion of patients under 60 years of age decreased, but there was no statistical difference (P=0.532). The proportion of patients with lower levels of education (primary or junior high school) increased from 36.0% to 66.0% (P<0.001). The proportion of smokers decreased from 71.0% to 47.0%, and the number of non-smokers increased from 29.0% to 52.0% (P=0.003). The patients with advanced lung cancer (IIIb-IV) increased from 20.0% to 54.0%, while the proportion of stage II-IIIa decreased from 62.0% to 24.0% (P=0.002). The proportion of adenocarcinoma increased from 36.0% to 61.0%, while squamous cell carcinoma decreased from 32.0% to 27.0% (P<0.001). Chest X-ray applications decreased from 91.0% to 58.0% (P<0.001), while chest computed tomography (CT) usage increased from 46.0% to 89.0% (P<0.001). Head magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) usage increased from 1.0% to 15.0% (P<0.001). The bone scan increased from 35.0% to 78.0% (P<0.001). The positron emission tomography-CT (PET-CT) inspection technique increased significantly from 0.0% to 17.0%. Chemotherapy (P=0.67) and surgery (P=0.78) were the most common treatments and the treatments were unchanged over the past 10 years., Conclusions: The proportion of female patients increased, the clinical stage was late, and the pathological type transformation was a major challenge in the prevention and treatment of lung cancer in Yunnan. Despite major changes in sociodemographic and clinicopathological features, the choice of primary treatment modalities has not changed, and further research is needed.

Objective: Identifying Atrial Ventricular Hypertrophy Electrocardiogram (AVH ECG)and diagnosing the classification of theirs automatically., Methods: The ECG data used in this experiment was collected from the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University. CNN are combined with conventional methods and a 10 layers of one dimensional CNN are created in this experiment to extract the features of ECG signals automatically and achieve the function of classifying. ROC, sensitivity and F1-score are used here to evaluate the effects of the model., Results: In the experiment of identifying AVH ECG, the AUC of test dataset is 0.991, while in the experiment of classifying AVH ECG, the maximal F1-score can reach 0.992., Conclusions: The CNN model created in this experiment can achieve the auxiliary diagnosis of AVH ECG.

Objective: To investigate the effect of circadian heart rate variation on short-term and long-term mortality in intensive care unit (ICU) patients., Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted. A total of 32 536 ICU patients were recorded from 2001 to 2008 published by Multiparameter Intelligent Monitoring in Intensive Care II (MIMIC-II v2.6) in April 2011. The circadian heart rate variation was defined as the ratio of mean nighttime (23:00 to 07:00) heart rate to mean daytime (07:00 to 23:00) heart rate. The 28-day mortality and 1-year mortality were defined as outcome events. The information such as age, gender, ethnicity, first sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score, first simplified acute physiology score I (SAPS I), usage of sedatives and catecholamines within 24 hours admission of ICU, clinical complications [hypertension, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), diabetes with or without complications, congestive heart failure, liver disease, renal failure, etc.], and the complete heart rate records within 24 hours after ICU admission were collected. Cox proportional risk regression models were used to investigate the association between circadian heart rate variation and 28-day mortality and 1-year mortality in ICU patients. Besides, subgroup analysis was also performed in patients with different first SOFA scores., Results: Totally 15 382 ICU patients in MIMIC-II database were enrolled, excluding the patients without heart rate records or death records, using pacemaker with arrhythmia, without SOFA or SAPS I score records. Finally, 9 439 patients were enrolled in the study cohort. (1) Cox regression analysis of the whole patient showed that the higher circadian heart rate variation was correlated with the increased 28-day mortality [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.613, 95% confidence interval (95%CI) was 1.338-1.943, P < 0.001] and 1-year mortality (HR = 1.573, 95%CI was 1.296-1.908, P < 0.001). After adjustment for demographic factors (age, gender and ethnicity), severity of illness (SOFA and SAPS I scores), clinical complications (hypertension, COPD, diabetes with or without complications, congestive heart failure, liver disease, renal failure, etc.), and influence of medications (sedatives and catecholamines), the night-day heart rate ratio was also correlated with 28-day mortality (HR = 1.256, 95%CI was 1.018-1.549, P = 0.033) and 1-year mortality (HR = 1.249, 95%CI was 1.010-1.545, P = 0.040). (2) According to the SOFA score (median value of 5), the patients were divided into two subgroups, in which 5 478 patients with SOFA score ≤ 5 and 3 961 patients with SOFA score > 5. Cox regression subgroup analysis showed that circadian heart rate variation was related with higher 28-day mortality (HR = 1.430, 95%CI was 1.164-1.756, P = 0.001) and 1-year mortality (HR = 1.393, 95%CI was 1.123-1.729, P = 0.003) in patients with SOFA score > 5. After adjustment for covariates, the 28-day mortality (HR = 1.279, 95%CI was 1.032-1.584, P = 0.025) and 1-year mortality (HR = 1.255, 95%CI was 1.010-1.558, P = 0.040) also increased with the increasing of night-day heart rate ratio in patients with SOFA score > 5. However, the relationships did not exist in patients with SOFA score ≤ 5., Conclusions: In ICU patients, the 28-day mortality and 1-year mortality increase with the higher circadian heart rate variation, which indicates that the circadian heart rate variation in ICU patients is positively correlated with the short-term and long-term mortality, especially in patients with relatively severe illness.

Objective: To investigate the influential factors for depression and anxiety in patients with chronic wounds, and the relationship between depression and anxiety and social support or quality of life.
 Methods: We used convenience sampling method to enroll 150 patients with chronic wounds. Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS), Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), Short Form 36 Health Survey (SF-36) and Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS) were used to assess the level of depression and anxiety, quality of life, and social support in patients with chronic wounds.
 Results: The detection rate of depression and anxiety in patients with chronic wounds was 45.3% and 14% respectively. In patients with chronic wounds, age was positively correlated with SDS and SAS scores (P<0.05), while education, eight factors of SF-36, objective support, subjective support, and social support scores of SSRS were negatively correlated with SDS and SAS scores (P<0.05). Further multiple regression analysis showed that the duration of wounds, physical functional score, role physical score and role emotional score of SF-36, objective support score, subjective support score, support utilization score, and social support score of SSRS were the independent influential factors for SDS score (P<0.05). Education, general health score, social functional score, and mental health score of SSRS were the independent factors for SAS score (P<0.05).
 Conclusion: The lower quality of life and social support of patients with chronic wounds could increase their depression and anxiety. While treating patients with chronic wounds, medical staff should also pay attention to the mutual influence between anxiety and depression, or quality of life and social support.

An improved method based on the isotope dilution technique was developed for the determination of 20 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in fish samples, including seven indicator polychlorinated biphenyls. The analysis was performed by gas chromatography-triple-quadrupole mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) in the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. Two MRM transitions were monitored for each PCB congener for quantitation and qualification purposes. The edible parts of the fish samples were shattered, frozen, and dried. 13 C-PCB surrogate standards were spiked into the fish samples. The PCBs in fish samples and the surrogate standards were extracted by auto-Soxhlet extraction. The extract was cleaned-up by a disposable multi-layer column packed with acidic silica gel and basic alumina. 13 C-PCB recovery standards were spiked into the extract before injection. The separation was performed on a TG-5MS capillary column. Quantitation was performed by the internal standard method. Every group of PCBs used a same number chlorinated 13 C-isotope PCBs congener as the internal standard. The calibration curves of 20 PCB congeners were linear (correlation coefficient ( r )>0.99) within the range of 0.05-10 μg/L. For the recovery test, three levels were spiked in matrices. The average recoveries obtained by this method were 80.3%-117.6% and the relative standard deviations (RSDs, n =6) were 5.09%-18.5%. The limits of determination (LODs) were 0.01-0.02 μg/kg. Contents of the 20 PCBs in the fish samples were in the range 1.2-8.8 μg/kg (wet weight), while those of the seven indicator PCBs were in the range 0.68-6.4 μg/kg (wet weight). The method is suitable for determining polychlorinated biphenyls in fish samples.

Objective To study the effect of the administration of the circulating microvesicles (MV) obtained from lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated microglia supernatant into rat brain endothelial cells (RBECs) on the injury of tight junction in RBECs under the condition of oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) as well as the underlying mechanism. Methods The circulating MV was isolated from the supernatant of microglia stimulated with LPS 1 mg/L for 24 hours and subjected to morphological identification. The expression of miR-27a in MV was detected by real-time PCR. RBECs were randomly divided into control group, MV-RBECs control group, OGD 6-hour group and OGD-MV group. The expressions of occludin and claudin-5 were detected by immunofluorescence staining in the four groups. Western blot analysis was used to investigate the expressions of occludin, claudin-5, Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), NF-κBp65 and p38 proteins in RBECs, and ELISA was applied to detect the levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) in RBECs. Results The shape of MV was approximately circular double membrane vesicles, with an average diameter of 150 nm, in accordance with the morphological characteristics of MV. Under LPS stimulation, the level of miR-27a in the circulating MV was abnormally elevated. Compared with the control group, RBECs were not obviously influenced by the incubation of MV; under OGD condition, tight junction of RBECs was damaged with the decreasing expressions of occluding and claudin-5. The degree of injury was further damaged after the treatment with MV. Fluorescence intensity of occludin and claudin-5 were further reduced. Meanwhile, Western blot analysis showed the levels of occludin and claudin-5 proteins decreased in the OGD group after MV treatment, which was consistent with immunofluorescence staining. Compared with the control group, the expression of TLR4 protein and the phosphorylation of NF-κBp65 and p38 proteins increased in OGD group; after MV treatment, the level of TLR4 protein and the phosphorylation of NF-κBp65 and p38 proteins further increased, and the release of IL-1β and TNF-α increased as well. Conclusion Treatment with the circulating MV containing miR-27a obtained from LPS-stimulated microglia supernatant damages the tight junction of RBECs under the OGD condition. The mechanism may be related to up-regulation TLR4 and phosphorylation of NF-κBp65 and p38.

Objective: To compare the effect of endoscopic-assisted low temperature plasma (ELTP) and electric planer (EP) on the treatment of adenoid hypertrophy.
 Methods: We searched China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Database, Weipu Database, Chinese Biomedical Literature (CMB), PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Database, and collected the randomized controlled studies regarding the effect of ELTP and EP on the treatment of adenoid hypertrophy from January 2007 to June 2016. Methodologies were used to evaluate the included studies, and Meta-analysis was performed by Revman 5.2.
 Results: Thirteen studies including 1 448 patients fulfilled the study requirement. Seven hundred and twenty-two patients were treated with ELTP, and 726 patients were treated with EP. The Meta-analysis showed: compared with EP, ELTP could improve the cure rare (OR=3.19, 95% CI 1.42 to 7.15, P=0.005), reduce the blood loss during surgery (MD=-20.35, 95% CI -20.84 to -19.87, P<0.001), shorten the operation time (MD=-15.71, 95% CI -18.06 to -12.17, P<0.001), and reduce the incidence of complications (OR=0.13, 95% CI 0.06 to 0.30, P<0.001), while there was no difference between the 2 groups in the postoperative residual rate of adenoid, postoperative hemorrhage rate and the rate of torus tubarius injury.
 Conclusion: Comparing with EP, ELTP shows more advantages in the adenoidectomy.

Objective To study the mechanism of heart and lung injury after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion in mice. Methods C57BL/6J mice were divided into young and old groups according to their ages, the former being 5-6 months old and the latter being 20-21 months old. Each group was divided into five subgroups subjected to sham operation, middle cerebral artery occlusion for 1-hour ischemia followed by 1-, 12-, 24-, 48-hour reperfusion. At different reperfusion time, HE and TUNEL staining were used to observe the morphological changes of heart and lung tissues; meanwhile, chemical colorimetry was performed to determine the changes of cardiac Na + -K + -ATPase and Ca 2+ -ATPase; the lung indexes were evaluated; the levels of nuclear factor (NF)-κBp65, p-NF-κBp65, IκBα, p-IκBα were detected by Western blotting; the levels of interleukin 1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) were determined by ELISA; and the release of NO was examined by colorimetry. Results We observed inflammatory responses in the lung tissues of young and old mice at 24-hour reperfusion and 1-hour reperfusion, respectively, and hemorrhage in the heart tissues of young and old mice at 24-hour reperfusion and 12-hour reperfusion, respectively.Lung tissues showed earlier response to the stimulation of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion than heart tissues did. Meanwhile, the results of Na + -K + -ATPase, Ca 2+ -ATPase, lung index, NF-κB signaling pathway and inflammatory cytokines in young and old mice were consistent with histological changes of heart and lung tissues. Conclusion Cerebral ischemia/reperfusion can cause heart and lung tissue injury in the old mice, and energy metabolism and inflammation cascade are the main mechanisms of the injury.

Objective To investigate the expressions of silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog-1 (SIRT1), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and hypoxia inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) in hypoxic pulmonary vascular smooth muscle cells (PVSMCs) treated with Lycium barbarum polysaccharides (LBP). Methods PVSMCs were divided into 10 groups: normal oxygen (200 mL/L oxygen) cells, 2 μmol/mL LBP-treated normal oxygen cells, DMSO-treated normal oxygen cells, DMSO-treated hypoxic (100 mL/L oxygen) cells, (0.5, 1, 2) μmol/mL LBP-treated hypoxic cells; SIRT1 agonist (resveratrol or SRT-1720)-treated hypoxic cells, SIRT1 inhibitor EX-527-treated hypoxic cells. After 6, 12, 24 hours, the mRNA and protein expressions of SIRT1, MMP-9 and HIF-1α were measured by real-time quantitative PCR and Western blotting, respectively. In LBP-treated groups, the expressions of SIRT1, MMP-9 and HIF-1α mRNA and protein were detected 12 hours after LBP treatment. Results Under the condition of hypoxia, the expression levels of SIRT1 mRNA and protein in PVSMCs decreased, while MMP-9 and HIF-1α mRNA increased. Under hypoxia, SIRT1 expression was raised and MMP-9, HIF-1α were reduced by LBP treatment in a dose-dependent manner. Morever, resveratrol could inhibit the expression of MMP-9. Conclusion LBP can enhance the expression of SIRT1 and decrease the expression of MMP-9 and HIF-1α in hypoxic PVSMCs.

Objective: To compare the results of the three methods of Suresight handheld autorefractor, table-mounted autorefractor and retinoscopy in examination of juveniles patients with or without cycloplegia.
, Methods: Firstly, 156 eyes of 78 juveniles (5 to 17 years old) were examined by using WelchAllyn Suresight handheld autorefractor and NIDEK ARK-510A table-mounted autorefractor with or without cycloplegia; secondly, retinoscopy was performed with cycloplegia.
, Results: The spherical power measured by methods without cycloplegia were significantly greater than those measured with cycloplegia (P<0.05); without cycloplegia, there was no significant difference in spherical power, cylindrical power and cylindrical axis between Suresight handheld autorefractor and retinoscopy (P>0.05). These results were highly consistent, suggesting a tendency towards a short sight. However, the spherical power and cylindrical power measured by table-mounted autorefractor was significantly different (P<0.05); with cycloplegia, there was significant difference in spherical power between Suresight handheld autorefractor and retinoscopy (P<0.05).
, Conclusion: Cycloplegic retinoscopy is necessary for juvenile refraction examination. Under natural pupil situation, Suresight handheld autorefractor is better than table-mounted autorefractor, though both show a myopia tendency. Nevertheless, table-mounted autorefractor can be taken as a recommendation for the prescription of lens trial. As a strong reference for subjective optometry, retinoscopy should be the gold standard for measuring refractive errors.

Objective: To explore the impact of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) on Wnt and NF-κB pathways in a rat model of diabetic nephropathy (DN)., Methods: SD rats were randomly divided into normal control group (NC), DN model group (DM) and GSK-3β inhibitor group (DI). Blood glucose and 24-hour urine protein were monitored in three groups. Renal tissue samples were stained by HE. The expression of GSK-3β and NF-κB proteins was studied by immunohistochemistry. GSK-3β and NF-κB mRNAs were detected by RT-qPCR., Results: Ten weeks after STZ injection, the level of blood glucose increased significantly in DM group [(23.2±5.4) mmol/L] and DI group [(25.0±4.0) mmol/L], compared with NC group, and the level of 24-hour urinary protein increased significantly in DM group [(185.2±35.6) g/24 h] and DI group [(179.6±44.7) g/24 h], compared with NC group. Two weeks after LiCl injection, the level of blood glucose and 24-hour urinary protein decreased in DI group (17.6±2.1) mmol/L, (106.9±30.0) g/24 h], compared with DM Group. Compared with NC group, pathological changes of the kidney of DM group aggravated along with increased mRNA and protein expression of GSK-3β and NF-κB. But the pathological changes of the kidney in DI group alleviated along with declined mRNA and protein expression of GSK-3β and NF-κB as compared with DM group (all P<0.05)., Conclusions: NF-κB protein expression positively correlates with the GSK3β expression. Wnt and NF-κB signal pathways play an important role in the development of diabetic nephropathy.

Objective: To predict the regulating network of innate immunity signaling molecule hsa-miR-181a in stroke based on the methods of bioinformatics., Methods: The UCSC genome browser, the human miRNA disease database (HMDD), the transcription factor-miRNA regulation database (TransmiR), the database on predicted and validated miRNA targets (miRwalk), the Genecards, the long non-coding RNA (LncRNA) disease database, the DIANA LAB-LncBase and the ConSite were employed to study the upstream transcription factor, downstream target genes and the interactive LncRNA of hsa-miR-181a and to draw the core regulating network of hsa-miR-181a. To verify the hsa-miR-181a regulating network, we used lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to stimulate the BV2 cells transfected by lentivirus and real-time quantitative PCR to detect the changes of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), tumor protein 63 (p63), miR-181a and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) p65., Results: The UCSC genome browser showed that hsa-miR-181a had two subtypes, which were demonstrated with high conservatism in several species. Diseases analysis and literatures investigation revealed that the hsa-miR-181a was related with many diseases, especially ischemia diseases. Bioinformatics analysis indicated that hsa-miR-181a was regulated by the transcription factors p63, and at the same time, it could regulate 58 target genes such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), TLR4 etc. IncRNA CDKN2B-AS1 and its transcription factors Snail and n-MYC might also interact with hsa-miR-181a. All the relative genes composed a regulatory network with hsa-miR-181a as a core and played important roles in the process of stroke. In LPS-stimulated BV2 cells, the expression levels of TLR4, p63, miR-181a were up-regulated; while the levels of p63, miR-181a and NF-κB p65 decreased in the lentivirus-infected BV2 cells, indicating that p63 was the key signaling molecule in the process of TLR4 regulating miR-181a., Conclusion: The bioinformatics analysis and preliminary experimental verification predicted and demonstrated the regulating network of hsa-miR-181a in stroke.

Multi-layer perceptron (MLP) neural network belongs to multi-layer feedforward neural network, and has the ability and characteristics of high intelligence. It can realize the complex nonlinear mapping by its own learning through the network. Bipolar disorder is a serious mental illness with high recurrence rate, high self-harm rate and high suicide rate. Most of the onset of the bipolar disorder starts with depressive episode, which can be easily misdiagnosed as unipolar depression and lead to a delayed treatment so as to influence the prognosis. The early identifica- tion of bipolar disorder is of great importance for patients with bipolar disorder. Due to the fact that the process of early identification of bipolar disorder is nonlinear, we in this paper discuss the MLP neural network application in early identification of bipolar disorder. This study covered 250 cases, including 143 cases with recurrent depression and 107 cases with bipolar disorder, and clinical features were statistically analyzed between the two groups. A total of 42 variables with significant differences were screened as the input variables of the neural network. Part of the samples were randomly selected as the learning sample, and the other as the test sample. By choosing different neu- ral network structures, all results of the identification of bipolar disorder were relatively good, which showed that MLP neural network could be used in the early identification of bipolar disorder.

Amino metabolites are important compounds that play a key role in plant growth and development. A metabolic profiling analysis method of amino metabolites in plant extract was developed based on pre-column derivatization-ultra high performance liquid chromatography- mass spectrometry. Using the tobacco leaf as an example, a total of 87 amino metabolites, including amino acids, amines, peptides, alkaloids etc. were detected. The repeatability of the method was good with RSDs of 85 amino metabolites between 1. 5% and 18. 8%. Forty-three amino metabolites validated by standard samples showed good linearity with the correlation coefficients of 0.993-0.999, covered linear range of four orders of magnitude. The limits of detection were 0.03-6.58 ng/mL. The intra-day and inter-day precisions were 0.7%-15.6% and 0.8%-22.9%, respectively. The recoveries were 74.4%-122.7%. The influence of topping on metabolic profiling of amino metabolites in fresh tobacco was investigated using the developed method. The results showed that the amino metabolites in the upper tobacco leaves were most affected than those in the middle and lower leaves. Metabolism of amino metabolites in the upper leaves after topping was mainly towards the alkaloid synthesis. The method integrated the advantages of triple quadrupole mass spectrometry and high resolution quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometry. It can be used for metabolic profiling analysis of amino metabolites in plant extract with high sensitivity and selectivity.

Objective: To investigate risk factors correlated to the decline of FEV₁among community population in the urban area of Beijing., Method: Subjects no younger than 40 years old were recruited from three communities in the urban area of Beijing. All of them were asked to fill in a questionnaire in regard to general health conditions, past medical history, medication usage, smoking history, etc. FEV₁and FEV6 were measured by Vitalograph COPD-6 spirometer using the standard protocol. Two years after the first visit, questionnaire survey and spirometry were repeated., Result: Four hundred and fifty two subjects fulfilled the inclusion criteria and finished the 2nd visit, with an average age of (58.8 ± 8.6) years, 29% male and 71% female. The mean decline rate of FEV₁in the cohort was (43 ± 114) ml per year. There was no significant difference of mean FEV₁decline between different gender and age groups. A mean decline of FEV₁by (64 ± 125) ml per year was observed in smokers (including former smokers and current smokers) whereas the decline rate in non-smokers was (36 ± 109) ml per year (P = 0.030). There was no significant statistical difference among current smokers, former smokers, passive smokers and subjects who never smoke. A higher decline rate of FEV₁was observed in subjects with a history of COPD or airway hyperreactivity, chronic cough, diabetes, hypertension and coronary heart disease. The difference, however, was not statistically significant. Binary logistic regression was used to screen risk factors affected the FEV₁decline rate between rapid decline (ΔFEV1 ≥ 30 ml/y) and non-rapid decline (ΔFEV1 < 30 ml/y), and found smoking was an independent risk factor of FEV₁decline rate., Conclusion: The mean rate of FEV1 decline in 2.6 years in the surveyed community population in the urban area of Beijing was (43 ± 114) ml per year; Smoking is an independent risk factor of FEV₁decline.

Objective: To analyze the audiologic results of cochlear implantation in bilateral severe to profound sensorineural hearing loss following head trauma., Methods: A retrospective study of our cochlear implantation cases in bilateral severe to profound sensorineural hearing loss following head trauma (with or without temporal bone fractures). Four patients in second hospital of Shandong university were analyzed in this study., Results: All the patients received unilateral cochlear implantation and gained open-set speech perception ranging from 92% to 100%. The aided hearing threshold ranged from 30 dBHL to 35 dBHL. None of them experienced a decrease in the hearing performance in the follow-up (1-2 years)., Conclusion: With sufficient preoperative assessment, cochlear implantation is an effective management for hearing rehabilitation in bilateral severe to profound sensorineural hearing loss following head trauma.

Objective: To investigate the expression of sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling pathway in liver fluorosis and to explore related mechanism., Methods: To establish animal model, 48 normal SD rats (aged 4-5 weeks) were randomly divided into 4 groups (12 each): control group, fluoriosis group, blocking group and blocking control group. After 6 months, the blocking group and blocking control group were injected intraperitoneally once every 2 days for 3 times with 10 mg/kg cyclopamine or dimethysulfoxide, respectively. Rats were sacrificed at the end of the experiment and the fluoride content in urine and liver function was determined. The expression of Shh and Gli1 protein and mRNA in hepatocytes was detected by immunohistochemistry and real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR, respectively., Results: The fluoride contents in the urine and the incidence of dental fluorosis increased in the fluoride and blocking control groups as compared with those in the control group, but decreased in the blocking group compared with those of the fluoride and blocking control group. Compared with the control group, the titers of aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) significantly increased, while the activity of total protein and albumin decreased in the fluoride and blocking control groups. Compared with the fluoride and blocking control groups, the activity of the ALT slightly declined and the AST, total protein and albumin slightly increased in the blocking group. Histologically, the cells were disorganized and swollen with cytoplasmic clearing (balloon cells), compared with the control group. The expression of Shh and Gli1 significantly increased in all but the control group. Compared with the fluoride and blocking control groups, the expression of Shh and Gli1 declined in the blocking group., Conclusions: The overexpression and cyclopamine inhibition of the Shh signaling pathway are closely related to the content of fluoride in the liver. The Shh signaling pathway plays an important role in the pathogenesis of liver injury caused by fluorosis, suggesting a preventive and therapeutic target of the disease.

Objective: To investigate the prevalence status and the influential factors for smokers of undergraduates in Huaihua., Methods: The undergraduates from different grades and different professions in Huaihua were selected randomly and investigated using a self-developed questionnaire. The influential factors for smokers of students were analyzed using a Chi-square test and a logistic regression., Results: A total of 1 050 undergraduates were surveyed in our study. Among them, 973 were valid. The rate for students with a habit of smoking was 21.17%. 53.7% of smokers began to smoke at the stage of primary and high schools. The main reason for smoking was due to curious (47.1%) or depressive (45.2%). The male students were more likely to smoke than female students (OR=6.730). The attitudes of parents on smoking, such as no intervention, were important risk factors that affect the children's behavior on smoking (OR=1.866)., Conclusion: The periods in primary and high school are the most possible time for student to begin smoking. The curiosity and depression are the most risk factors, and the gender and family education are also the important factors that affect the behavior of undergraduates on smoking.

Objective: To understand the dietary consumption of residents in Xiamen and the content of phthalic acid esters (PAEs) in food, and to assess the plasticizer exposure risk of diet in Xiamen., Methods: The survey was conducted by stratified cluster random sampling method in Xiamen from September to October in 2010. According to the Xiamen administrative division, six neighborhood communities were selected as sampling units, then 25 families were randomly chosen from each sampling units.From the above 150 families, the permanent residents over the age of six were permitted to our study. The survey included 495 residents totally. These participants' information, such as basic personal information, physical activity levels, meal frequency and the average consumption of 33 kinds of food in 13 categories were collected using questionnaires. Thirteen categories included cereal and tubers, beans, vegetables, fungi and algae, fruits, dairy products, meat, seafood, eggs, snacks, beverages, cooking oil and spices. The height and weight of residents were measured and the average daily dietary intake was calculated. Thirty-three kinds of food in 13 categories were collected in supermarkets in Xiamen. According to the annual sales ranking, the top three-five brands of each kinds of food were selected and numbered, then two or three brands were chosen by random number table method from them; three completely individual packed samples in the same batch of each brand were detected; 243 samples were included in our study.100-500 g solid samples or 100-500 ml liquid samples were collected. The content of diethyl phthalate (DEP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) in food were detected by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry, which expressed by median (minimum-maximum). The exposure dose, contribution rate and risk index of PAEs were calculated by point estimation method., Results: According to the average daily dietary intake of residents in Xiamen, the top three ones in 13 categories of food were cereal and tubers (337.16 g/d, 18.21%), vegetables (309.12 g/d, 16.69%) and fruits (213.20 g/d, 11.51%). The content of DEP, DBP or DEHP among different categories of food was significantly different (χ² values were 58.05, 50.19 and 102.10, P < 0.01). Among 13 categories of food, seafood contained the most DEP (0.090 (0.000-0.324)mg/kg); cooking oil had the most DBP (0.700(0.000-2.980) mg/kg) and DEHP (5.115(0.000-24.160) mg/kg). DEP, DBP and DEHP exposure(0.19, 4.20, 18.10 µg × kg⁻¹ ×d ⁻¹)in dietary food in Xiamen were less than the reference dose(RfD) (800, 100, 20 µg × kg⁻¹ × d⁻¹) proposed by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), and the risk indexes were 0.02%, 4.20% and 90.50%, respectively. Among 13 categories of foods, seafood was the main source of DEP dietary exposure. The exposure dose and contribution rate of DEP in seafood were 0.18 µg × kg⁻¹ × d⁻¹ and 94.74%, respectively.Vegetables were the main source of DBP and DEHP dietary exposure. The exposure dose and contribution rate of DBP and DEHP were 1.48 µg × kg⁻¹ × d⁻¹, 35.24% and 6.07 µg × kg⁻¹ × d⁻¹, 33.54%, respectively., Conclusion: The food consumed by residents in Xiamen was overall in a safe state, but to some extent, there still exists DEHP exposure risk in foods.

Objective: To investigate the changes of carbonic anhydrase (CA) activity and its mRNA expression in rats cochlea after noise exposure., Method: Twenty-four healthy Sprague Dawley rats were randomly allocated into 4 groups including 1 control group without contact of noise and 3 experimental groups exposed to a narrowband white noise of 4 kHz, 110 dB SPL 4h/d for 1 day, 1 week and 3 weeks, respectively. ABR thresholds were tested for each group at the time points described above. An immunohistochemical method was used to detect the expression of CA in the cochlea tissue. Differences in CAII mRNA expressions with and without noise exposure were examined using RT-PCR., Result: The thresholds of ABR in noise exposed cochlea were increased compared with the control cochlea (P < 0.01). CA activity and the CAII mRNA expression in noise exposed cochlea were decreased compared with the control cochlea (P < 0.01). The increase of ABR thresholds and decreases of CA activity and the CAII mRNA expression showed a time dependent pattern as the extension of duration exposed to noise., Conclusion: Noise exposure could downregulate the CA activity and CAII mRNA expression in the cochlea. CA was proably involved in the pathogenesis of noise-induced hearing loss.

Twenty-five phenolic compounds in tobacco were analyzed using high performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet/mass spectrometry (HPLC-UV/MS), including absolute quantification of 11 main phenols by HPLC-UV and relative quantification of other 14 phenols by SHPLC-MS. The validation results of this method were satisfactory. Eleven phenol standards showed good linearity with correlation coefficients (r2) of 0.999 3 - 0.999 9 over the mass concentration range from 0.90 mg/L to 99.00 mg/L (the range of chlorogenic acid and rutin was from 0.95 mg/L to 380.00 mg/L). The recoveries of the 11 phenol standards were 91.0% - 112.4% with the RSDs of 0.33% - 8.11% at the three spiked levels of 22.5 - 24.8, 45.0 - 49.5 and 67.5 - 74.3 mg/L. The reproducibility of the method was good with the RSDs of 1.48% - 13.40%. In addition, the intra-day and inter-day precisions were also satisfactory with the RSDs of 0.35% - 15.54%. Mature fresh tobacco leaves from Yunnan, Henan and Guizhou Provinces, China were analyzed using this method. The results showed that the total amount of main phenols was Guizhou > Yunnan > Henan and there was significant difference between Guizhou and Henan. The amount of rutin was Yunnan > Guizhou > Henan, and there were significant differences among them each other. The method is reproducible with a simple pretreatment covering a wide range of phenols, and can be applied in batch analysis of tobacco leaves.

Objective: To investigate the prospective efficacy of chronic sinusitis lost to short-term follow up after nasal endoscopic surgery and the influential factors., Method: Prospective efficacy of 153 chronic sinusitis (CRS) was evaluated . All cases were treated by nasal endoscopic surgery at least 1 year ago but lost to follow up within 3 months after surgery. The clinical data of 153 patients were analyzed, including gender, age, educational level, course of the disease, smoking and drinking history, early surgery history, allergic rhinitis (AR) history, nasal polyps, visual analogue scale (VAS) score, nasal endoscopy score, CT examination score, the endoscopic experience of surgeons, medication of intranasal glucocorticoid and nasal irrigation after surgery. Multifactor logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the data., Result: Among 153 patient, the symptoms of 32 cases (20.9%) were completely control, while those of 74 cases (48.4% ) were partially control, and the symptoms of 47 cases (30.7%) were not controlled. The curative effect were better for CRS without nasal polyps, AR or early surgery history, with CT examination score < or = 5, operated by surgeons with experience of endoscopy surgery for more than 5 years. and treated with intranasal glucocorticoid for more than -1 weeks after surgery., Conclusion: Postsurgery follow-up should be paid more attention to in treatment of CRS. Plans of follow up should be adjusted to patients condition. Treatment of postoperative sinus cavity should be minimized when the lesion is slight and operated properly.

Objective: To explore the clinical symptoms and signs situation of chronic rhinosinusitis, for future treatment provides the basis., Method: The clinical data of 337 patients with chronic sinusitis were analyzed, using SPSS 18.0 software and conducted Person chi-square test and Kruskal-Wallis test to analysis., Results: VAS total score of chronic nasal sinusitis patients is 15.9 +/- 5.7. The three top of severe symptoms were: stuffy nose 56 cases (16.6%), nasal secretions or postnasal drip 23 cases (6.8%) and dizziness or headache 11 cases (3.3%), there are statistically significant differences (chi2 = 430.923, P < 0.01). Lund-Kennedy score found side with mucosa edema and secretion serious degree higher than nasal polyp, there are statistically significant difference (chi2 = 128.684, P < 0.01). Lund-Mackay score showed that the three top parts of all shadow were: maxillary sinus 314 side (46.6%), OMC 135 side (20.0%) and the former screen 112 side (16.6%), there are statistically significant differences between groups (chi2 = 803.274, P < 0.01). The pearson correlation coefficient r between VAS score and Lund-Kennedy score is 0.516, there are correlation (P < 0.05). VAS score and Lund-Mackay (r = 0.213), there are not correlation (P > 0.05)., Conclusion: Comprehensive treatment should be proceeded according to different symptom severity and sinus lesions parts with patients, grasped the surgery procedures strictly, so as to improve the cure rate.

Objective: To understand the percentile normal of waist circumference and waist-to-height ratio for 7-18 children and adolescents in Gansu Province and to analyze their distribution and growth trend., Methods: A stratified cluster representative sample of 6600 urban and rural children aged 7-18 years in Gansu Province was selected. To measure their waist circumference and height and establish the norm of waist circumference and waist-to-height ratio with percentile method. To compare them with the domestic correlation data., Results: Sex-age specific percentiles of P5, P10, P25, P50, P75, P90, P95 of waist circumference and waist-to-height ratio for 7-18 children in Gansu Province were accessed. The P50 of waist circumference was increasing year by year and crossed two times, but that of waist-to-height ratio fluctuated slightly. A comparison of the P50 of the waist circumference and waist-to-height ratio among China, Peking and Gansu. Before 15 the data of Gansu were lower than those of China and Beiing;but were higher than that after 16., Conclusion: To have constructed percentile normal of waist circumference and waist-to-height ratio for 7-18 children and adolescents in Gansu Province. The study provided a basic data for further studies of child and adolescent central obesity in China.

We studied the function and mechanism of miR-24 in regulating beta-like globin gene expression. We first detected the expression of miR-24 during erythroid differentiation and also detected the globin gene expression in miR-24 overexpressing K562 cells through q-PCR. Dual-luciferase reporter assay and Western blotting were used to identify target genes of miR-24. "Rescue experiment" was further used to investigate the regulation of miR-24 on globin gene expression whether depending on targeting Sp1 or not. We found that miR-24 increased during hemin-induced K562 cells and EPO-induced HPCs (hematopoietic progenitor cells) erythroid differentiation. Overexpression of miR-24 in K562 cells promoted the epsilon- and gamma-globin gene expression during hemin-induced erythroid differentiation through targeting the negative globin regulator Sp1. These results suggested that miR-24 can improve the expression of beta-like globin gene through targeting Sp1.

The clinical data of two adolescents with unilateral nasal cavity neoplasm were analyzed. Both were male, one was 14-year-old and the other was 17. Both were complained of unilateral nasal obstruction and nasal discharge; The course of disease of the former was one month ,and that of the latter was three month; both were found neoformation in unilateral nasal cavity in medical examination. Occupying lesion in unilateral nasal cavity and sinus were demonstrated in CT scan of two cases. Endoscopy surgery were operated in both cases, incisal opening in labiogingival groove was added in the latter. Pathology of the former was capillary hemangioma and the latter was rhabdomyosarcoma. No findings indicating recurrence has been observed in two cases under 6 months follow-up. Recognition at nasal cavity and paranasal sinus neoplasm in adolescent is essential so that proper management can be initiated.

Objective: The subjective sensation of the patients and the treatment effect were compared prospectively between the no nasal packing group and the common nasal packing group., Method: The patients were divided into no nasal packing group and nasal packing group matched for the type of chronic sinusitis. All patients received operation of functional endoscopic sinus surgery. The patients of no nasal packing group were given thoroughly bleeding control without nasal packing, while the patients of nasal packing group received nasal packing with sponge after hemostatic seaweed covering of wound. The nasal stents in nasal packing group were removed two days after operation, and the other treatments were all identical in the two groups. The clinical symptoms and treatment effect were compared between the two groups using visual analog scale. The levels of headache, rhinalgia, nasal obstruction, bleeding and nasal secretions volume at different time points, such as 1 day, 2 days and 3 days after operation, were evaluated and compared, as well as the recovering of operative region, such as crustal, secretion, reaction film, mucosal edema, vesicle and blockage of the sinus ostium., Result: At the 1st day after operation, the degrees of headache, rhinalgia and nasal obstruction in the no nasal packing group were milder than the nasal packing group, and the differences have statistical significance. Two days after operation, the degrees of headache, rhinalgia and nasal obstruction, as well as the volume of bleeding and nasal secretions in the no nasal packing group were milder and lower than the nasal packing group, and the differences have statistical significance. Three days after operation, the differences of the indexes above were not statistically significant. The scores of total bleeding volume during the 3 days after operation showed no statistically significant difference between the two groups. Thirty-four patients were cured in no nasal packing group with the average epithelialization time of (10.7 +/- 2.6) weeks. Thirty-two patients were cured in nasal packing group with the average epithelialization time of (10.6 +/- 2.9) weeks. The difference of average epithelialization time between the two groups was not statistically significant., Conclusion: No nasal packing could relieve the discomfort caused by nasal packing and avoid the rebleeding and pain when removing the nasal stents. No nasal packing has obvious superiority than common nasal packing, and is effective in the treatment of depression. It is be appropriate for type I and type II chronic sinusitis patients without systemic disease with limited economic conditions.

An analytical strategy for the metabolic profiling of rice grain was developed based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). For the purpose of obtaining abundant metabolite information, sample preparation step prior to instrumental analysis is necessary to be optimized. D-optimal experimental design was applied to optimize the extraction solvent. Four solvents, including water, methanol, isopropanol and acetonitrile, and their combinations were evaluated for the extraction efficiency using multivariate statistical analysis (partial least square regression). The count of resolved peaks and the sum of peak areas were taken as the evaluation indexes. Methanol/water (80:20, v/v) mixture was highly efficient for rice metabolites and was selected as the suitable solvent formulation. Then, the analytical characteristics of the method were measured. More than 90% of the metabolites had satisfactory precisions, reproducibilities and stabilities (relative standard deviations (RSDs) < 30%). Most of the detected metabolites (about 88.0% of total peak area) showed good linear responses. With the optimized analytical protocol, 315 metabolites were detected in rice and 86 of which were structurally identified by searching in the NIST 08/Wiley standard mass spectral library, covering carbohydrates, amino acids, organic acids, steroids and so on which showed a broad coverage of metabolite data. The established method is expected to be useful for the metabolomic studies of rice.

Objective: To detect the expression of Th17 nuclear factor RORC and cytokines IL-17A and IL-22 and neutrophil marker MPO and their correlations with CRSsNP., Method: RT-PCR was used to detect mRNA expression of RORC, IL-17A and IL-22. Immunohistochemistry was used to assess the IL-17A positive cells in CRSsNP and control. ELISA was used to detect the expression of MPO., Result: CRSsNP had higher mRNA expression of RORC, IL-17A and IL-22 and increased protein expression of MPO. The mRNA expression of RORC, IL-17A and IL-22 was positively correlated with each other but none of them was correlated with the expression of MPO in CRSsNP and control., Conclusion: Both Th17 and neutrophils contribute to the pathogenesis of CRSsNP, however, the neutrophil infiltration may not be recruited by Th17 cytokines.

Wheat grain peroxidase 1 (WP1) belonged to class III plant peroxidase with cofactor heme, which not only has antifungal activity, but also influences the processing quality of flour. In order to enhance functional expression of WP1 in prokaryotic system by increasing endogenous heme synthesis, we constructed a recombinant plasmid pACYC-A-L containing hemA and hemL of Esherichia coli. Then, we co-transformed it into host strain T7 Express with secretive expression vector (pMAL-p4x-WP1) or non-secretive expression vector (pET21a-MBP-WP1), respectively. The MBP-WP1 fusion protein was further purified by amylose affinity chromatography and its peroxidase activity was assayed using 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) (ABTS) as substrate. At 12 h after induction at 28 degree, the extracellular 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) production of T7 Express/pACYC-A-L was up to 146.73 mg/L, simultaneously the extracellular porphrins also increased dramatically. The peroxidase activity of functional MBP-WP1 obtained from T7 Express/ (pACYC-A-L + pMAL-p4x-WP1) was 14.6-folds of that purified from T7 Express/ pET21a-MBP-WP1. This study not only successfully enhanced functional expression of wheat peroxidase 1 in Esherichia coli, but also provided beneficial references for other important proteins with cofactor heme.

Objective: To study the molecular mechanism of tetramethylpyrazine to induce human promyelocytic HL-60 leukemia cells differentiation., Method: The cell proliferation was determined by MTT. The differentiation of the cells was detected by NBT reduction test. Cellular morphology was observed by Wright's staining. Cell cycle distribution and the distribution of CD11b, CD14 were detected by flow cytometry. Then RT-PCR and Western blot assay were employed to detect the expressions of c-myc, p27, CDK2 and cyclinE1 in HL-60 cells after exposure to TMP., Result: TMP inhibited the proliferation in a dose and time dependent manner. TMP at the concentration of 200 mg x L(-1) to 300 mg x L(-1) induced unterminal differentiation of HL-60 cell and synergistically blocked the cell cycle progression of HL-60 cells in G0/G1 phase. The expression of c-myc was down-regulated as well as the protein expression of cyclin E and CDK2, while the mRNA and protein expression of P27 were remarkably up-regulated., Conclusion: Small doses of TMP induces differentiation of HL-60 cells throughout the cell cyde, as detected by a slower rate of accumulation in G0/G1, possibly by regulating the expression and activity of G1/S phase-related molecules.

A method for the simultaneous determination of six macrolide antibiotics (oleandomycin, erythromycin, kitasamycin, josamycin, roxithromycin and tylosin) and two lincosamide antibiotics (lincomycin and clindamycin) in animal feeds by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-electrospary ionization tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-MS/MS) was developed. The macrolide and lincosamide antibiotics were extracted from the feeds with methanol followed by enrichment and clean-up with an Oasis HLB cartridge. The UPLC separation was performed on a Waters Acquity UPLC BEH C18 column by a gradient elution using 0.1% formic acid and acetonitrile as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min. The identification of eight drugs was carried out by positive electrospray ionization in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode, and the quantification analysis was performed by external standard method. The calibration curves showed good linearity in the range of 1-100 microg/L. The average recoveries of the eight drugs from the feeds spiked at 1, 10 and 100 microg/kg levels were between 68.6% and 95.2%, and the relative standard deviations (RSD) were between 4.9% and 11.8%. The limits of quantification (LOQ) of the drugs in the feeds were 1 microg/kg. The method is simple, rapid, sensitive and suitable for the simultaneous determination of macrolide and lincosamide antibiotics in animal feeds.

Objective: To study how to repair the cartilage defect according to the principles of tissue engineering with acellular cartilage matrix as scaffold material., Methods: The ear cartilage was obtained from a New Zealand white rabbit (weighing 2.4 kg )and then treated by a modified Courtman's four-step method to produce the acellular cartilage matrix. Eighteen New Zealand white rabbits (aged 6 months, weighing 2.4-2.6 kg) with no sex limit were divided into three groups. For every rabbit, two pieces of ear cartilage measured 1 cm x 1 cm were excised in each ear. Defects were repaired as follows: group A with the combined graft of acellular cartilage matrix and perichondrium, group B with acellular cartilage matrix and group C with perichondrium. Three animals in each group were killed 4 and 12 weeks postoperatively, respectively. Tissue samples obtained were analyzed with gross observation, hematoxylin-eosin stain, Safranine O-alcian blue stain and type II collagen messenger RNA in situ hybridization respectively., Results: In gross observation, the repaired sites in groups A and B were not change meaningfully in their shape 4 weeks postoperatively; but they felt a bit of thicker and harder 12 weeks postoperatively. In group C two repaired sites formed scabs at 2 weeks and perforated at 5 weeks. In histological observation, there was a slight inflammatory reaction surrounding the acellular cartilage matrix 4 weeks after it was implanted in groups A and B. The inflammatory cells were mainly lymphocytes. The perichondrium graft in group C was collapsed in the defects in HE stain. The defect sites were negative for Safranine O-alcian blue stain and type II collagen mRNA in situ hybridization in all groups. At 12 weeks cells were found in the acellular matrix which arranged in irregular manner in group A in HE stain and was positive for Safranine O-alcian blue stain and type II collagen mRNA in site hybridization. In groups B and C, no new cell was found in HE stain and the repaired sites were negative for Safranine O-alcian blue stain and type II collagen mRNA in situ hybridization., Conclusion: Acellular cartilage matrix is a potential scaffold material to the cartilage tissue engineering. The combined graft of acellular cartilage matrix and perichondrium can be an alterative method for the repair of the wounded cartilage.

Background: RhoC is known to be overexpressed in cancer and to regulate motility of cancer cells. The activities of RhoC are negatively regulated by guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitor a (GDIa), but the knowledge of its role in cancer is quite limited and the results are controversy in different cancers. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the expression of RhoC and RhoGDI alpha and analyze the correlation between RhoC and RhoGDI alpha expression and clinicopathological factors., Methods: The expression patterns of RhoC and RhoGDI alpha were examined by immunohistochemistry in 100 non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC)., Results: The expression levels of RhoC and RhoGDI alpha proteins and mRNA were significantly enhanced in all tumor samples than those in normal tissues originating from the same individual. There was an elevated expression of RhoC and RhoGDIa protein and mRNA in subclone of lung giant cell carcinoma cell line with a higher metastatic capacity BE1 than in LH7 with a lower metastatic capacity. Both the overexpressions are regulated on the mRNA level. Elevated levels of RhoC and RhoGDI alpha in lung cancer tissues were correlated with the nodal involvement and clinic TNM stage. The overexpression of RhoC and RhoGDIa is correlated with the lower survival duration of the patients. And RhoC expression was positively correlated with RhoGDIa., Conclusions: RhoC and RhoGDI alpha may play roles in lung cancer, and correlated with metastasis of lung cancer, they may be independent factors of NSCLC prognosis.

A sensitive, accurate and reproducible analytical method was developed and validated to quantify perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and its salts in the coating layer of nonstick pan. Scraped samples of 0. 5 gram were directly extracted with acetonitrile using an accelerated solvent extractor at 175 degrees C, 10. 3 MPa for 20 min. After rotary evaporation concentration, the PFOA was derivatized with acetyl chloride and methanol at 65 degrees C for 60 min in an air-tight container. An HP-1 MS capillary column (30 m x 0. 25 mm, 0. 33 degrees m) was used for the separation of the analyte. The procedure for the analysis of PFOA was based on gas chromatography interfaced to negative chemical ion mass spectrometry, operated in selected ion monitoring mode. Selected ions of m/z 312, 350, 378, 408, 428 were chosen for quantitation. The assay was linear over the range of 0 - 1 000 microg/L, and the detection limit of PFOA was 5 microg/kg. The precision and recovery were assessed on four different concentrations (5, 20, 100, 500 micro/kg). The recoveries were in the range of 90. 9% - 96. 2% and the relative standard deviations were 1. 37% -6. 37%. The procedure was applied to monitoring PFOA in the coating layer of nonstick pan from supermarket and no positive result was found.

Objective: To investigate the microbiology of persistent rhinosinusitis after endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS)., Method: A total of 143 patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) were selected to performed the endoscopy sinus surgery, cultures of the purulent discharges from ethmoid sinus were obtained during the operation. The patients were then followed for more than 6 months. Cultures were obtained in 49 patients who were not successfully cured 6 months after surgery. Culture results were compared between two groups., Result: Of 143 specimens taken during the operation, 153 isolates were detected. Of 49 specimens taken from ethmoids postoperatively, 65 isolates were detected. Between two groups, there was no significant difference in the detection rate of Gram-positive coccus, and there was significant difference in the detection rate of Gram-negative rod and anaerobic bacteria. The detection rate of antibiotic-resistant organisms were significantly higher in postoperative specimens than in preoperative specimens., Conclusion: Bacteria infection is one of the etiological factors of persistent rhinosinusitis after ESS. Of the pathogenic bacteria of postoperative rhinosinusitis, Gram-positive coccus are continued to be predominant. Gram-negative rods are comparatively increased. While anaerobes are reduced. Antibiotic resistant organisms are more frequent. To treat the postoperative rhinosinusitis, obtaining a culture of the postoperative sinus cavity may therefore be important.

Background: To observe the effects of photodynamic therapy (PDT) on human lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549 in vitro., Methods: Human lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549 was used to investigate the killing role of PDT with hematoporphyrin derivative (HPD) as photosensitizer and semiconductor successive laser as light source. The cultured cell was treated with different concentrations of HPD and different do-sages of laser, then MTT colorometric assay was applied to measure the OD492., Results: 5 mg/L of HPD was confirmed no effect. 10 mg/L of HPD could produce a marked therapeutical effect under the condition of same laser dosage. When the concentration of HPD was increased, the effect was not risen obviously. 10 J/cm² of laser could lead OD492 to decrease to platform under the condition of same HPD concentration. So the killing effect was saturated when the PDT parameters were selected as 10 mg/L of HPD and 10 J/cm² of laser. Under the same laser capacity density of 10 J/cm², A549 cells were exposured to three different duty-time fabrications which were 214 mw×10 min, 428 mw×5 min and 714 mw×3 min.The outcomes showed that OD492 had no statistical difference., Conclusions: PDT has a significant killing effect on human lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549. 10 mg/L of HPD and 10 J/cm² of laser were the best parameters of this experiment. The PDT effect is not influenced by different duty-time fabrications under the best laser capacity density.