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With the seeds from nine natural Cyclocarya paliurus populations as test materials, their phenotypic traits, including 1000-seed weight, seed size, seed diameter, seed thickness, and seed diameter/thickness ratio, were investigated, and the phenotypic diversity among and within the populations were studied by the methods of ANOVA analysis, hierarchical cluster analysis, and correlation analysis. Significant differences were observed in the 1000-seed weight, seed size, seed diameter, and seed thickness among and within the populations, and in the seed diameter/thickness ratio within the populations, illustrating that there existed high phenotypic diversity of seed traits at these two levels. The mean phenotypic differentiation coefficient (V) of test seed traits was 20.54%, i. e., the variation among the populations was far smaller than that (79.46%) within the populations. The seed traits had different correlation degrees with geographical factors, and most affected by mean annual air temperature. According to the hierarchical cluster analysis based on the Euclidean distance, the nine natural Cyclocarya paliurus populations could be classified into three groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Nursing is the property of Taiwan Nurses Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Nursing is the property of Taiwan Nurses Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Nursing is the property of Taiwan Nurses Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: To analyze the clinical and histopathological features of uveal leiomyoma. Methods: A retrospective study was performed on 19 patients with uveal leiomyoma confirmed by histopathological examination in Beijing Tongren Hospital from January 2018 to May 2023. All patients underwent local resection of the tumor. Clinical data of the patients, such as gender, age, clinical manifestations, tumor location, size, and B-scan ultrasound examinations were collected. The pathological morphological characteristics of the tissue (cell type) and the expression of the immune markers, including smooth muscle actin, actin, and neural cell adhesion molecule (CD56), were evaluated. Results: Among the 19 intraocular leiomyoma patients, there were 5 males and 14 females. The average age was (38.9±13.7) years, ranging from 14 to 64 years. The course of the disease ranged from 1 to 36 months with an average of (9.3±8.7) months. The most common clinical manifestation was blurred vision (12/19), followed by decreased vision (4/19), increased IOP (2/19), and visual occlusion (1/19) in patients. The tumor was located in the ciliary body in 10 female and 5 male patients, including 2 patients with the iris involved, and in the choroid in 4 female patients. Two patients with a history of breast fibronenoma had uveal leiomyoma in the ciliary body and the choroid, respectively. One patient with a history of uterine leiomyoma suffered uveal leiomyoma in the ciliary body. B-scan ultrasonography showed that the tumor was a solid and medium-low echoic lesion with a clear boundary in all eyes. We divided these leiomyomas into two histopathological types: spindle cell type (15/19) and round cell type (4/19). Immunohistochemical staining disclosed smooth muscle actin and actin were expressed in all tumor cells (19/19, 100%), and CD56 was positive in 16 of 19 eyes (84.2%). The positive expression rates of estrogen and progesterone were 0/19 and 2/19. During the follow-up of 7 to 71 months after surgery, no tumor metastasis occurred. Only 1 male patient had tumor recurrence. Conclusions: The most common site of uveal leiomyoma is the ciliary body, the major clinical manifestation is blurred vision, and the prognosis is good. Most of the tumors are spindle cell tumors, with myogenic and neurogenic histological characteristics. Although uveal leiomyoma is more frequently found in women of reproductive age, it shows no significant correlation with estrogen and progestational hormones.

Objective: To investigate the clinical characteristics and long-term prognostic factors of relapsed pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Methods: Clinical data including the age, time from initial diagnosis to relapse, relapse site, and molecular biological features of 217 relapsed ALL children primarily treated by the Chinese Children's Leukemia Group (CCLG)-ALL 2008 protocol in Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences between April 2008 and April 2015 were collected and analyzed in this retrospective cohort study. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to evaluate the overall survival (OS) rate and event free survival (EFS) rate for univariate analysis, and Cox proportional-hazards regression model was used to evaluate the influencing factors of OS rate and EFS rate for multivariate analysis. Results: The age at initial diagnosis of 217 relapsed patients was 5 (3, 7) years. There were 135 males and 82 females. The time from initial diagnosis to relapse of 217 children was 22 (10, 39) months. After relapse, 136 out of 217 children (62.7%) received treatment and the follow-up time was 65 (47, 90) months. The 5-year OS rate and EFS rate of the 136 relapsed children were (37±4) % and (26±4) %, respectively. The predicted 10-year OS rate and EFS rate were (35±5) % and (20±4) %, respectively. Univariate analysis showed that the 5-year OS rate in the group of patients with late relapse (43 cases) was significantly higher than those with very early (54 cases) and early relapse (39 cases) ((72±7)% vs. (16±5)%, (28±8)%, χ 2 =35.91, P <0.05), 5-year OS rate of the isolated extramedullary relapse group (20 cases) was significantly higher than isolated bone marrow relapse group (102 cases) and combined relapse group (14 cases) ((69±11)% vs. (31±5)%, (29±12)%, χ 2 =9.14, P <0.05), 5-year OS rate of high-risk group (80 cases) was significantly lower than standard-risk group (10 cases) and intermediate-risk group (46 cases) ((20±5)% vs. (90±10)%, (54±8)%, χ 2 =32.88, P <0.05). ETV6::RUNX1 was the most common fusion gene (13.2%, 18/136). The predicted 10-year OS rate of relapsed children with positive ETV6::RUNX1 was significantly higher than those without ETV6::RUNX1 (118 cases) ((83±9)% vs. (26±5)%, χ 2 =14.04, P <0.05). The 5-year OS for those accepted hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) after relapse (42 cases) was higher than those without HSCT (94 cases) ((56±8)% vs. (27±5)%, χ 2 =15.18, P <0.05). Multivariate analysis identified very early/early relapse ( HR =3.91, 95% CI 1.96-7.79; HR =4.15, 95% CI 1.99-8.67), bone marrow relapse including isolated bone marrow relapse and combined relapse ( HR =6.50, 95% CI 2.58-16.34; HR =5.19, 95% CI 1.78-15.16), with ETV6::RUNX1 ( HR =0.23, 95% CI 0.07-0.74) and HSCT after relapse ( HR =0.24, 95% CI 0.14-0.43) as independent prognostic factors for OS (all P <0.05). Conclusions: Relapsed pediatric ALL mainly occurs very early and often affects bone marrow, which confer poor outcome. ETV6::RUNX1 is the most common genetic aberration with a favorable outcome. HSCT could rescue the outcome of relapsed children, though the survival rate is still poor.

Objectives: To establish a cell line stably expressing the transient receptor potential melastatin 2 (TRPM2) channel for screening TRPM2 inhibitors based on PiggyBac transposition system., Methods: A plasmid PiggyBac-human TRPM2 (pPB-hTRPM2) eukaryotic expression vector was constructed using PiggyBac transposition system. The plasmid and a helper plasmid were co-transfected into HEK293T cells to express TRPM2, which was identified by fluorescence and patch-clamp assays. The high throughput screening performance was assessed with the Z ´ factor. Calcium imaging and patch clamp techniques were employed to assess the initial activity of eleven compound molecules, confirming the inhibitory effects of the primary molecules on TRPM2. The protective effect of the screened compounds on damaged cells was validated using the oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) injury model and CCK-8 kit. The level of cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) was detected by flow cytometry. The neuroprotective effects of the compounds were evaluated using a transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) mouse model., Results: The HEK293T cells transfected with pPB-hTRPM2-EGFP showed high TRPM2 expression. Puromycin-resistant cells, selected through screening, exhibited robust fluorescence. Whole-cell patch results revealed that induced cells displayed classical TRPM2 current characteristics comparable to the control group, showing no significant differences ( P >0.05). With a Z ´ factor of 0.5416 in calcium imaging, the model demonstrated suitability for high-throughput screening of TRPM2 inhibitors. Calcium imaging and electrophysiological experiments indicated that compound 6 significantly inhibited the TRPM2 channel. Further experiments showed that 1.0 μmol/L of compound 6 enhanced cell viability ( P <0.05) and reduced the level of ROS ( P <0.05) of SH-SY5Y under OGD/R injury. 0.3 and 1.0 mg/kg of compound 6 reduced the cerebral infarction volume in tMCAO mice (both P <0.05)., Conclusions: A stable TRPM2 gene expressing cell line has been successfully established using PiggyBac gene editing in this study. TRPM2 channel inhibitors were screened through calcium imaging and patch clamp techniques, and an inhibitor compound 6 was identified. This compound can alleviate cell damage after OGD/R by reducing cellular ROS levels and has a protective effect against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice.

With the current climate change characterized by global warming becoming more severe, the increasing frequency of extreme weather events such as heatwaves, cold waves, sandstorms, floods, and droughts caused by climate change has posed serious threats to human health. Climate change is not only a major public health challenge in China, but also a focus problem in global. This article focuses on climate-sensitive diseases and summarizes and reviews the latest scientific facts and progress on how climate change impacts infectious diseases and chronic non-communicable diseases. It further proposes measures and strategies for addressing climate-sensitive diseases with public health in center, providing ideas and suggestions for scientifically addressing climate-sensitive diseases in the future.

Objective: To compare the accuracy and safety of robot-assisted and navigation-assisted screw placement in atlantoaxial dislocation surgery. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 49 patients with atlantoaxial dislocation treated consecutively at the Honghui Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University from April 2022 to December 2023. Among them, 27 were male and 22 were female, aged (44.2±11.7) years. Based on the date of surgery, 29 patients (from April 2022 to April 2023) received the S8 navigation-assisted screw placement (navigation group), 20 patients (from May to December 2023) received Mazor robot-assisted screw placement (robot group). The accuracy of screw placement, screw placement time, operation time, intraoperative blood loss, and intraoperative complications were recorded and compared between the two groups. The Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) score and visual analog scale (VAS) score of pain were adopted to evaluate the recovery of cervical spinal cord function and cervical and shoulder pain at preoperative period and 3-month follow-up, and the occurrence of complications was observed. Results: A total of 196 screws were inserted in 49 patients. In the navigation-assisted group, a total of 116 screws were inserted with an accuracy rate of 93.1% (108/116); in contrast, in the robot-assisted group, a total of 80 screws were inserted with an accuracy rate of 97.5% (78/80) ( P =0.040). The mean screw placement time, operation time, and blood loss in the navigation-assisted group were all significantly lower than those in the robot-assisted group [(37.8±3.4)min vs (48.4±4.6)min, (127.7±15.3)min vs (165.7±12.1)min and (205.8±13.6)ml vs (290.6±11.2) ml, respectively all P <0.01]. One case experienced intraoperative venous plexus injury in the robot-assisted group. Postoperatively, all patients experienced significant relief in neck pain symptoms, and neurological symptoms recovered to varying degrees. The VAS and JOA scores at 3 months post-surgery for both groups showed statistically significant improvements compared to pre-surgery (all P <0.01), but there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups (all P >0.05). Conclusions: Both robot-assisted and navigation-assisted screw placement show high accuracy and safety in atlantoaxial dislocation surgery. Compared to navigation, robot assistance increases the surgical time and blood loss, but significantly improves the accuracy of screw placement.

Vaccination is an effective public health measure to prevent and control vaccine-preventable diseases for individual and society. However, China currently confronts significant challenges, including a dearth of skilled professionals in the field of vaccination and disparities in the capacity for immunization services. This review introduced the experiences of four prime international vaccinology education models, including London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Leading International Vaccinology Education, and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, in the aspect of personnel development, academic research and communication platforms establishment. It is supposed to give some insights and feasible suggestions on the establishment and advancement of vaccinology as a sub-discipline within high-level public health school in China, with the aim of development of a robust vaccinology education framework in China, which is essential for nurturing the next generation of public health leaders and practitioners for our country.

Objective: To establish a viable bacteria assay for Helicobacter pylori ( H. pylori ) by assessing the cgt gene expression, and to develop accordingly a rapid and novel testing method for clinical precision treatment., Methods: Viable bacteria count was determined in bacterial cultures. The transcriptional expression level of cgt ( hp0421 ), the conserved gene that encodes cholesterol-α-glucosyltransferase (CGT) in H. pylori , was measured by RT-PCR. The correlation between the number of colonies and cgt gene transcription expression was analyzed and the regression model was constructed. The linear range, sensitivity, and specificity of the new method were examined accordingly. The bactericidal action of clarithromycin was assessed using this method to verify the performance of the method in determining clinical bacterial drug resistance., Results: The Ct values of cgt for H. pylori colony counts of 10 2 , 10 4 , 10 6 , and 10 8 CFU/mL were 29.67±0.14, 23.37±0.36, 17.65±0.37, and 11.38±0.39, respectively. In the range of 10 1 -10 8 CFU/mL, the regression equation for cgt gene expression and viable bacterial counts determined by RT-qPCR was y =-0.3501 x +12.49, with the correlation coefficient being R 2 =0.9992 and the sensitivity being 10 1 CFU/mL, showing no cross-reaction with 13 other bacteria. The lg values of live H. pylori bacteria treated with clarithromycin at 0, 5, 10, 20, and 40 μg/mL for 12 h were 2.57±0.02, 2.45±0.01, 2.19±0.02, 1.91±0.07, and 1.33±0.05, respectively. The corresponding cgt gene Ct values were 27.76±0.09, 28.37±0.24, 29.51±0.14, 30.11±0.12, and 31.66±0.11. By applying the cgt gene expression in the equation, the estimated counts of viable bacteria were found to be 2.73±0.03, 2.52±0.08, 2.11±0.05, 1.89±0.02, and 1.33±0.04, showing no significant difference in statistical analysis ( P >0.05)., Conclusion: The method for assessing viable bacteria account by evaluating cgt gene expression in H. pylori was successfully established, significantly reducing the time required to determine viable bacteria count and providing a new method for clinical viable bacteria testing., Competing Interests: 利益冲突　贵州医科大学基础医学院陈峥宏教授赠送了H. pylori标准菌株。本文作者别明江是本刊编委会编委。该文在编辑评审过程中所有流程严格按照期刊政策进行，且未经其本人经手处理。除此之外，所有作者声明不存在利益冲突。, (© 2024《四川大学学报（医学版）》编辑部 版权所有Copyright ©2024 Editorial Office of Journal of Sichuan University (Medical Sciences).)

Objective: To explore the clinical safety and effectiveness of self-draining ureteral stent with thread in kidney transplant recipients in renal transplantation., Methods: This study is a prospective cohort clinical study in the Department of Urology of Peking University People's Hospital from November 2022 to January 2024. The ureteral stent with thread group, in which a 2-0 Mersilene suture of 20-30 cm was used at the bladder end of the ureteral stent during the operation. On the 9th day after the operation, the suture attached to the end of the ureteral stent was expelled out of the urethral orifice with the urine when the catheter was removed. The ureteral stent could be removed along with the suture. As to the cystoscope group, a ureteral stent was routinely placed during kidney transplantation, and the ureteral stent was removed under local infiltration anesthesia through cystoscopy after the operation. The pain scores [numerical rating scale (NRS)-11] during catheter removal and the incidence of urinary tract infections were observed and compared between the two groups. t test was used to compare the pain scores of indwelling ureteral stents and ureteral stents removal between the two groups, and Chi-square test was used to compare the occurrence of urinary system complications within 3 months after operation between the two groups. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant., Results: As of March 2024, all the recipients were followed up for an average of 6 months (3 to 12 months) postoperatively. A total of 46 kidney transplantation patients were included, with 21 in the ureteral stent with thread group and 25 in the cystoscope group. There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in age distribution, male-to-female ratio, and deceased versus live donor grafts. Three months after renal transplantation, there were 15 cases of urinary tract infection in the cystoscope group and 4 cases in the ureteral stent with thread group ( P =0.007). No significant urinary fistula, wound infection, or ureteral stenosis occurred in either group. No stent-related complications, stent migration, or stone formation were observed. The postoperative bladder spasm symptom scores for indwelling ureteral stents in the cystoscope group and the ureteral stent with thread group were 4.4±2.5 and 4.6±2.4, respectively, with no statistically significant difference ( t =0.29, P =0.773). However, the pain scores during ureteral stent removal were 4.9±1.6 and 3.0±1.0 in the two groups, respectively, with a statistically significant diffe-rence ( t =5.017, P < 0.001). The total costs of indwelling and removing ureteral stents in the cystoscopy group and the ureteral stent with thread group were 6 452.0 (5 539.5, 6 452.0) yuan and 3 225.0 (3 225.0, 3 225.0) yuan, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant ( P < 0.001)., Conclusion: Compared with the conventional transplanted kidney ureteral stent, the self-discharge ureteral stent technique with sutures is simpler, has a shorter ureteral stent inlay time, reduces the symptoms of bladder spasms, significantly reduces the cost of catheterization, and has fewer postoperative urinary system complications. It is a worthy improved surgical method to be promoted.

Objective: To compare the effectiveness of robot-assisted and traditional freehand screw placement in the treatment of atlantoaxial dislocation., Methods: The clinical data of 55 patients with atlantoaxial dislocation who met the selection criteria between January 2021 and January 2024 were retrospectively analyzed. According to different screw placement methods, they were divided into the traditional group (using the traditional freedhand screw placement, 31 cases) and the robot group (using the Mazor X robot-assisted screw placement, 24 cases). There was no significant difference in gender, age, body mass index, etiology, and preoperative visual analogue scale (VAS) score, cervical spine Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score between the two groups ( P >0.05). The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, operation cost, and intraoperative complications were recorded and compared between the two groups. The VAS score and cervical spine JOA score were used to evaluate the improvement of pain and cervical spinal cord function before operation and at 1 month after operation. CT examination was performed at 3 days after operation, and the accuracy of screw placement was evaluated according to Neo grading criteria., Results: All the 55 patients successfully completed the operation. The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, and operation cost in the robot group were significantly higher than those in the traditional group ( P <0.05). A total of 220 C 1 and C 2 pedicle screws were inserted in the two groups, and 94 were inserted in the robot group, with an accuracy rate of 95.7%, among them, 2 were inserted by traditional freehand screw placement due to bleeding caused by intraoperative slip. And 126 pedicle screws were inserted in the traditional group, with an accuracy rate of 87.3%, which was significantly lower than that in the robot group ( P <0.05). There were 1 case of venous plexus injury in the robot group and 3 cases in the traditional group, which improved after pressure hemostasis treatment. No other intraoperative complication such as vertebral artery injury or spinal cord injury occurred in both groups. All patients were followed up 4-16 months with an average of 6.6 months, and there was no significant difference in the follow-up time between the two groups ( P >0.05). Postoperative neck pain significantly relieved in both groups, and neurological symptoms relieved to varying degrees. The VAS score and cervicle spine JOA score of both groups significantly improved at 1 month after operation when compared with preoperative scores ( P <0.05), and there was no significant difference in the score change between the two groups ( P >0.05)., Conclusion: In the treatment of atlantoaxial dislocation, the accuracy of robot-assisted screw placement is superior to the traditional freedhand screw placement.

Ten typical industries in Luohe City were selected for the sampling of organized emissions of volatile organic compounds （VOCs）, and 114 VOCs components of each sample were detected to analyze their source characteristics and effects. The results showed that VOCs emissions of packaging and printing were mainly composed of OVOC （60.9%）. In terms of the industrial coating, aromatic hydrocarbons （42.4%） and OVOC （38.9%） were the main VOCs species. The emissions of the footwear, furniture manufacturing, and paper industries were mainly composed of OVOC （32.3% - 42.6%） and aromatic hydrocarbons （20.7% - 33.7%）, with noticeable halogenated hydrocarbons. Chemical and pharmaceutical industries mainly emitted halogenated hydrocarbons, with the proportions of 59.3% and 46.6%, respectively. The emissions of the brick industry were primarily composed of alkane （62.7%）, and OVOC （48.5%）, and halogenated hydrocarbons （19.7%） were the main contributors to VOCs emissions of the thermal industry. OVOC （48.1%） and alkane （29.4%） were the dominant species for the food manufacturing industry. In the packaging and printing industry, acetone （14.8%）, isopropanol （14.0%）, ethylacetate （11.1%）, and toluene （10.2%） were the characteristic VOCs species. The emissions of industrial coating were dominated by isopropanol （25.6%）, toluene （15.0%）, m/p -xylene （12.4%）, and acetone （7.1%）. In the furniture manufacturing industry, m/p -xylene （15.8%）, followed by hexanal （15.1%）, 1,2-dichloroethane （9.6%）, and acetone （8.4%） were the characteristic VOCs species. The emissions of the footwear industry were dominated by acetone （18.9%）, toluene （18.1%）, methylene chloride （8.0%）, and acetaldehyde （6.8%）. The characteristic species of the chemical industry were methylene chloride （23.9%）, 1,2-dichloroethane （14.7%）, acetone （12.7%）, and trichloromethane （11.1%）, and those for the pharmaceutical industry were bromoethane （36.7%）, acetone （19.2%）, benzene （5.0%）, and vinyl acetate （3.0%）. The emissions of the brick industry were mainly ethane, propane, ethylene, and benzene. Acetone, toluene, acetylene, and acetaldehyde were the primary VOCs species in the paper industry. The emissions of the food manufacturing industry were dominated by acetaldehyde, n -pentane, acrolein, and n -heptane. The emissions of the thermal industry were characterized by acetone, acetaldehyde , benzene, and toluene. Although different industries emitted various characteristic VOCs species, in general, acetone, isopropanol, benzene, toluene, m/p -xylene, ethane, acetaldehyde, and methylene chloride were the main characteristic species in most industries in Luohe. OVOC and aromatic hydrocarbons had higher contributions to ozone generation potential （OFP）, and aromatic hydrocarbons contributed over 80.0% to secondary organic aerosol formation potential （SOAP）. The source reactivity of ozone [SR（O 3 ）] of the food and furniture manufacturing industries were higher, with values of 3.7 g·g -1 and 3.5 g·g -1 , respectively, whereas the source reactivity of secondary organic aerosol SR（SOA） of the industrial coating, furniture manufacturing, and footwear industries were higher, with the values of 0.021, 0.017, and 0.014 g·g -1 . Hence, the food manufacturing, industrial coating, and furniture manufacturing industries should be the primary industries for the collaborative control of PM 2.5 and ozone in Luohe City, of which the furniture manufacturing industry was the top priority.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common neurodegenerative disease with the main manifestations of progressive cognitive dysfunction,behavioral disorders,and gradual decline of living ability.The etiology of AD is complex,and the pathogenesis of this disease remains controversial.Calcium signaling plays an important role in regulating neuronal activities,including neurotransmitter release,synaptic plasticity,memory storage,and neuronal apoptosis.Increasing studies have shown that neuronal calcium dyshomeostasis is a major pathological factor in the occurrence and development of AD.This article reviews the role and research progress in intracellular calcium dyshomeostasis in AD,including the relationship between calcium homeostasis and amyloid β,the role of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases in tau phosphorylation,calcium signaling pathways,the relationship between calcium homeostasis and mitochondrial function,autophagy,and neuroinflammation.

Objective: To investigate the current status and challenges of carrying out the four objective indicators which are necessary for the Sjögren's syndrome (SS) diagnosis in hospitals all over China. Methods: A questionnaire survey was conducted online by Questionstar from May to July 2023 among rheumatologists nationwide, to investigate whether unstimulated salivary flow (UWSF), Van Bijsterveld score (VBS), Schirmer test and labial gland focus score (FS) are carried out in their hospitals and the challenges that hinder their development. A cohort of patients with established SS was enrolled to verify the importance of the four objective indicators in diagnosing SS. Statistical analyses were performed using the chi-square test. Results: The questionnaire was completed by rheumatologists from 660 hospitals in 225 cities of 32 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities all over China (one doctor from each hospital completed the questionnaire), of which 548 (83.0%) were tertiary care hospitals. The rate of carrying out the objective indicators in 660 hospitals was low: UWSF (290/660, 43.9%), FS (497/660, 75.3%) and VBS (393/660, 59.5%). The percentage of hospitals who consider it difficult to carry out UWSF, VBS, minor labial gland biopsy and Schirmer test was 92.6%(611/660), 69.4%(458/660), 59.8%(395/660) and 58.6%(387/660), respectively. All four objective indicators mentioned above could be carried out in only 139 (21.1%) hospitals. In 521 hospitals in which less than four objective indicators could be carried out, 23.2% (121/521) of rheumatologists selected clinical experience to diagnose SS. A total of 180 patients with SS diagnosed by perfecting all objective indices and meeting the 2016 the American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism (ACR/EULAR) criteria were included, 173 females (96%), aged (46.6±13.6) years, with the missed diagnosis rate was 17.8% (32/180) assuming their labial FS was unavailable. In 166 patients with established SS who met the classic 2002 AECG criteria, 160 females (96%), aged (47.0±13.6) years, the missed diagnosis rate was 52.4% (87/166) assuming their labial FS was unavailable; or 10.8% (18/166) assuming their UWSF was unavailable. SS diagnosis couldn't be estimated according to 2002 AECG criteria, assuming both labial FS and UWSF were unavailable in 156 (94.0%) patients with positive anti-SSA/Ro; or assuming either labial FS or UWSF was unavailable in 10 (6.0%) patients with negative anti-SSA/Ro. Conclusion: The application rates of four objective indicators necessary for SS diagnosis are low, the rate of carrying out labial gland biopsy should be increased, and the labial FS reports and UWSF test should be standardized.

The best treatment for non-small cell lung cancer is early surgical treatment, but most lung cancer is diagnosed at an advanced stage. The main treatment methods are drug and radiotherapy. However, drug resistance or no signifi cant effect of the above treatment methods is inevitable. Therefore, more methods are urgently needed for the treatment of lung cancer. Studies have confirmed that engineered exosomes have good clinical application potential in cardiovascular diseases, tumors, tissue regeneration and repair. This paper summarizes the application of engineered exosomes in the treatment of lung cancer at home and abroad.
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Objective: To explore the bacterial blocking effect of oriented multilayer MXene/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) nanocomposite hydrogels and their effect on the repair of intestinal defects., Methods: MXene/PVA nanocomposite hydrogels were prepared using the traditional freezing method and the bidirectional freezing ice template method. The structures of the different hydrogels were observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and micro-CT reconstruction. The rheological properties of the hydrogels were measured using a dynamic rheometer, and their mechanical properties were assessed using a universal testing machine. The burst pressure of the hydrogels was determined through burst experiments, and bacterial colony growth was observed by the osmosis method to assess the bacteria blocking ability of the hydrogels in vitro . A rat model of cecal perforation was established, and the hydrogels were used for intestinal repair. Gram staining was performed to observe in vivo the bacterial blocking ability of the hydrogels, HE staining was performed to observe the intestinal inflammation, and CD31 and CD68 immunofluorescence staining and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) staining were performed to observe the repair effect of the hydrogels on intestinal defects., Results: SEM and micro-CT reconstruction revealed that the hydrogel prepared by the traditional freezing method exhibited a random porous structure, while the hydrogel prepared by the bidirectional freezing method showed an oriented multilayer structure. Rheological and tensile tests indicated that the oriented hydrogel had superior mechanical properties, and the burst pressure of the oriented multilayer hydrogel was as high as 27 kPa, significantly higher than that of the non-oriented hydrogel ( P <0.001). Bacterial colony growth was observed by the osmosis method and it was found that, compared with the non-oriented hydrogel, the oriented multilayer hydrogel could effectively prevent the infiltration of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus in vitro . Gram staining results showed that the oriented multilayer hydrogel could effectively block intestinal bacteria from entering the abdominal cavity in vivo . HE staining results showed that the oriented multilayer hydrogel could effectively reduce intestinal inflammation in vivo . CD31 and CD68 immunofluorescence staining and PCNA staining results showed that the oriented multilayer hydrogel had a repairing effect on intestinal defects in vivo ., Conclusion: The oriented multilayer hydrogel prepared by bidirectional freezing effectively prevents bacterial infiltration and reduces intestinal inflammation., Competing Interests: 利益冲突　所有作者均声明不存在利益冲突, (© 2024《四川大学学报（医学版）》编辑部 版权所有Copyright ©2024 Editorial Office of Journal of Sichuan University (Medical Sciences).)

To explore the safety and efficacy of blinatumomab in the treatment of CD19 positive (CD19+) B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) in children. A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of pediatric B-ALL patients who received blinatumomab treatment from Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences from August 2021 to October 2023. Based on their disease status, the patients were divided into refractory/relapsed(RR) group, minimal residual disease clearance (MC) group, and chemotherapy intolerance (IC) group. Clinical data of the children were collected to evaluate the adverse drug reactions, therapeutic efficacy and survival of the children. In total, 35 patients were included, with 20 males and 15 females, aged from 0.6 to 16.4 (9.9±4.2) years old. There were 10 cases in the RR group, 20 cases in the MC group and 5 cases in the IC group. A total of 56 cycles of infusion were completed, with one cycle in 24 cases, two cycles in 5 cases, three cycles in 2 cases and four cycles in 4 cases. The median infusion time [ M ( Q 1 , Q 3 )] from the first to the fourth cycle was 14 (14, 28) days, 28 (28, 28) days, 28 (28, 28) days and 28 (26, 28) days, respectively. In terms of adverse reactions, the incidence of grade 1-2 cytokine release syndrome(CRS) was 57.1% (32/56), with grade 1 CRS accounting for 84.4% (27/32). The incidence rate of immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome(ICANS) (grade 4) was 1.8% (1/56). In the RR group, 6 cases were treated effectively, and minimal residual disease(MRD) turned negative, before treatment, MRD levels were all less than 20%. Among them, 3 cases had MRD turning positive again 14 to 42 days after discontinuation of Belintoumab. Four cases were treated ineffectively, with MRD >20% before treatment. All MRD positive cases in MC group turned negative and all MRD negative cases in the IC group remained negative after treatment. The median follow-up time of RR group was 5.7 (3.8, 9.4) months, and 1 year median survival rate and event-free survival rate were 40.0%±21.9% and 33.3%±19.2%, respectively. The median follow-up time for MC and IC group patients was 6.7 (5.2, 12.5) months and 7.1 (5.1, 7.6) months, respectively, with an event free survival rate of 100%. The safety and efficacy of using belintoumab in partial RR, MRD clearance, and chemotherapy intolerance are good.

Acute leukemia is the most common hematopoietic stem cell malignant tumor in children, which ranks in the top one of the incidence of tumor in children, it is a major disease that affects the growth and survival of children. With the continuous improvement of medical diagnosis and treatment and the extensive development of immunotherapy, the survival rate and quality of life of children with acute leukemia have been significantly improved. In recent years, three cooperative groups of childhood leukemia have been established in China, and a series of high-level research results have been published. In the future, efforts should be made to promote the process of standardization and homogenization in the diagnosis and treatment of children's acute leukemia, explore the monitoring targets of sensitive residual diseases, and find the best treatment for refractory/recurrent cases. Speeding up the clinical research of new drugs will be an urgent problem and development direction in the field of acute leukemia diagnosis and treatment in children.

Objective: To investigate the clinical features and prognostic factors of advanced myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) in children. Methods: Clinical data of children diagnosed with advanced MDS in the Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, between September 2009 and April 2022 were retrospectively collected. Follow-up assessments were performed through telephone interviews and the review of medical records until May 1, 2023. The clinical features of children with advanced MDS were summarized by analyzing chromosomal karyotype tests, second-generation gene sequencing results. Multivariate Cox regression analysis was used to investigate the prognostic factors of advanced MDS in children. Results: A total of 69 children, comprising 49 males and 20 females, aged [ M ( Q 1 , Q 3 )] 8 (5, 10) years, were enrolled in the study. Sixty-seven cases underwent chromosomal karyotype testing, of which 42 cases (62.7%) had abnormal karyotypes, with monosomy 7 the most common in 17 cases (25.4%). Forty-three cases underwent next-generation sequencing, with mutations in the SETBP1, NRAS, PTPN11 and RUNX1 genes more common, identified in 12 cases (27.9%), 9 cases (20.9%), 8 cases(18.6%), and 8 cases(18.6%), respectively. The follow-up time [ M ( Q 1 , Q 3 )] was 26 (13, 56) months and the 5-year overall survival rate was 56%(95% CI : 44.4%-70.5%). The 5-year overall survival rate for children who underwent hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) was higher than that of children who did not undergo HSCT (73.9% vs 29.1%, P <0.001). HSCT ( HR =0.118, 95% CI : 0.037-0.372, P <0.001) was a protective factor for the overall survival rate of children with advanced MDS. Serum ferritin level>356.3 μg/L ( HR =6.497, 95% CI : 2.068-20.415, P =0.001) and moderate to severe splenomegaly ( HR =4.075, 95% CI : 1.174-14.141, P =0.027) were risk factors for the overall survival rate of children with advanced MDS. Conclusions: Monosomy 7 was the most common abnormal karyotype and SETBP1 was the gene that had the highest mutation frequency in children with advanced MDS. HSCT, increased ferritin and moderate to severe splenomegaly are prognostic factors influencing the overall survival rate of children with advanced MDS.

With rapid socio-economic development and the acceleration of population aging, the average life span of human beings has increased significantly. Individuals suffering from the co-existence of multiple diseases (multimorbidity) have become a new normal in public health and posed severe challenge to human health. Multimorbidity significantly reduces the quality of life, increases disability and mortality risks, complicates disease treatment and care and increases burden of the healthcare system with higher costs. This commentary discusses the definition of multimorbidity and common public misconceptions, then assesses its profound impact on overall public health, socio-economic development and healthcare system. We also proposes the potential strategies to meet the challenges posed by multimorbidity. The main aim is to raise awareness of multimorbidity, advocate proactive responses to improve public health and build a healthy society through the development of prevention and treatment systems and promote precision prevention and treatment for multimorbidity.

Objective: To carry out genetic analysis on two families with carriers of small terminal translocations using karyotyping analysis and genomic copy number variation sequencing (CNV-seq)., Methods: Two couples undergoing prenatal diagnosis at the Tianjin Central Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology respectively on April 12, 2020 and December 17, 2021 were selected as the study subjects. With informed consent, amniotic fluid and peripheral blood samples were collected and subjected to conventional karyotyping and CNV-seq analysis for the detection of chromosomal microdeletion/duplications., Results: Both couples had given births to children with chromosomal aberrations previously, and both fetuses were found to have abnormal karyotypes. CNV-seq showed that they had harbored microdeletion/duplications, and their mothers had both carried balanced translocations involving terminal fragments of chromosomes., Conclusion: For fetuses with small chromosomal segmental abnormalities, their parental origin should be traced, and the diagnosis should be confirmed with combined genetic techniques.

Objectives: Flotillin-2 (FLOT2) is a prototypical oncogenic and a potential target for cancer therapy. However, strategies for targeting FLOT2 remain undefined. Post-translational modifications are crucial for regulating protein stability, function, and localization. Understanding the mechanisms and roles of post-translational modifications is key to developing targeted therapies. This study aims to investigate the regulation and function of lysine acetylation of FLOT2 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma, providing new insights for targeting FLOT2 in cancer intervention., Methods: The PhosphoSitePlus database was used to analyze the lysine acetylation sites of FLOT2, and a lysine acetylation site mutation of FLOT2 [FLOT2 (K211R)] was constructed. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells were treated with histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor trichostatin A (TSA) and Sirt family deacetylase inhibitor nicotinamide (NAM). TSA-treated human embryonic kidney (HEK)-293T were transfected with FLOT2 mutant plasmids. Co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) was used to detect total acetylation levels of FLOT2 and the effects of specific lysine (K) site mutations on FLOT2 acetylation. Western blotting was used to detect FLOT2/FLAG-FLOT2 protein expression in TSA-treated nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells transfected with FLOT mutant plasmids, and real-time reverse transcription PCR (real-time RT-PCR) was used to detect FLOT2 mRNA expression. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells were treated with TSA combined with MG132 or chloroquine (CQ) to analyze FLOT2 protein expression. Cycloheximide (CHX) was used to treat HEK-293T cells transfected with FLAG-FLOT2 (WT) or FLAG-FLOT2(K211R) plasmids to assess protein degradation rates. The BioGrid database was used to identify potential interactions between FLOT2 and HDAC6, which were validated by Co-IP. HEK-293T cells were co-transfected with FLAG-FLOT2 (WT)/FLAG-FLOT2 (K211R) and Vector/HDAC6 plasmids, and grouped into FLAG-FLOT2 (WT)+Vector, FLAG-FLOT2 (WT)+HDAC6, FLAG-FLOT2 (K211R)+Vector, and FLAG-FLOT2 (K211R)+HDAC6 to analyze the impact of K211R mutation on total lysine acetylation levels. In 6-0B cells, overexpression of FLOT2 (WT) and FLOT2 (K211R) was performed, and the biological functions of FLOT2 acetylation site mutants were assessed using cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), colony formation, and Transwell invasion assays., Results: The PhosphoSitePlus database indicated that FLOT2 has an acetylation modification at the K211 site. Co-IP confirmed significant acetylation of FLOT2, with TSA significantly increasing overall FLOT2 acetylation levels, while NAM had no effect. Mutation at the K211 site significantly reduced overall FLOT2 acetylation, unaffected by TSA. TSA decreased FLOT2 protein expression in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells without affecting FLOT2 mRNA levels or FLOT2 (K211R) protein expression in transfected cells. The degradation rate of FLOT2 (K211R) protein was significantly slower than that of FLOT2 (WT). The proteasome inhibitor MG132 prevented TSA-induced FLOT2 degradation, while the lysosome inhibitor CQ did not. BioGrid data suggested a potential interaction between FLOT2 and HDAC6, confirmed by Co-IP. Knockdown of HDAC6 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells significantly increased FLOT2 acetylation; co-transfection of HDAC6 and FLAG-FLOT2 (WT) significantly decreased total lysine acetylation levels, whereas co-transfection of HDAC6 and FLAG-FLOT2 (K211R) had no effect. Knockdown of HDAC6 significantly reduced FLOT2 protein levels without affecting mRNA levels. MG132 prevented HDAC6 -knockdown-induced FLOT2 degradation. Knockdown of HDAC6 significantly accelerated FLOT2 degradation. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells transfected with FLOT2 (K211R) showed significantly higher proliferation and invasion than those transfected with FLOT2 (WT)., Conclusions: The K211 site of FLOT2 undergoes acetylation modification, and HDAC6 mediates deacetylation at this site, inhibiting proteasomal degradation of FLOT2 and maintaining its stability and tumor-promoting function in nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

Objective: To develop an intelligent model for differential diagnosis of atrioventricular nodal re-entrant tachycardia (AVNRT) and atrioventricular re-entrant tachycardia (AVRT) using 12-lead wearable electrocardiogram devices., Methods: A total of 356 samples of 12-lead supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) electrocardiograms recorded by wearable devices were randomly divided into training and validation sets using 5-fold cross validation to establish the intelligent classification model, and 101 patients with the diagnosis of SVT undergoing electrophysiological studies and radiofrequency ablation from October, 2021 to March, 2023 were selected as the testing set. The changes in electrocardiogram parameters before and during induced tachycardia were compared. Based on multiscale deep neural network, an intelligent diagnosis model for classifying SVT mechanisms was constructed and validated. The 3-lead electrocardiogram signals from Ⅱ, Ⅲ, and Ⅴ 1 were extracted to build new classification models, whose diagnostic efficacy was compared with that of the 12-lead model., Results: Of the 101 patients with SVT in the testing set, 68 were diagnosed with AVNRT and 33 were diagnosed with AVRT by electrophysiological study. The pre-trained model achieved a high area under the precision-recall curve (0.9492) and F1 score (0.8195) for identifying AVNRT in the validation set. The total F1 scores of the lead Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Ⅴ 1 , 3-lead and 12-lead intelligent diagnostic models in the testing set were 0.5597, 0.6061, 0.3419, 0.6003 and 0.6136, respectively. Compared with the 12-lead classification model, the lead-Ⅲ model had a net reclassification index improvement of -0.029 ( P =0.878) and an integrated discrimination index improvement of -0.005 ( P =0.965)., Conclusion: The intelligent diagnostic model based on multiscale deep neural network using wearable electrocardiogram devices has an acceptable accuracy for classifying SVT mechanisms.

A 55-year-old male patient presenting with 6 months of bilateral difficulty in eye opening was referred to the ophthalmology department. Upon examination, multiple yellowish tumor-like plaques and nodules were observed on the eyelids and chest of the patient, accompanied by keratitis and iridocyclitis. Histopathological examination of the skin lesions on the chest revealed dermal xanthomatous granulomas with progressive necrosis. Bone marrow biopsy showed mantle cell lymphoma. Based on the medical history, the diagnosis of progressive necrotizing xanthogranuloma with mantle cell lymphoma was confirmed. After 6 months of treatment with bendamustine combined with rituximab, there was partial alleviation of ocular symptoms in the patient.

Atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their derivatives are a global problem that influences the environment and threatens human health. To investigate the characteristics, sources, and health risk assessment of PM 2.5 -bound PAHs and their derivatives, PM 2.5 were collected at an urban site in Zibo from November 5 to December 26, 2020, and the concentrations of 16 conventional PAHs, nine NPAHs, and five OPAHs in PM 2.5 were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Source apportionment of PAHs and their derivatives was conducted using diagnostic ratios and a PMF model, and the health risks of PAHs and their derivatives to adult men and women were evaluated using the source-dependent incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) model. The results showed that the average concentrations of ∑ 16 pPAHs, ∑ 9 NPAHs, and ∑ 5 OPAHs in PM 2.5 of Zibo City during the sampling period were (41.61 ± 13.40), (6.38 ± 5.70), and (53.20 ± 53.47) ng·m -3 , respectively. The concentrations of the three PAHs increased significantly after heating, which were 1.31, 2.04, and 5.24 times larger than those before heating. During the sampling period, Chr, BaP, and BaA were the dominant components of pPAHs; 9N-Ant and 2N-Flt + 3N-Flt were the dominant components of NPAHs; and ATQ and BZO were the dominant components of OPAHs. Source apportionment results showed that motor vehicles were the main source of PAHs and their derivatives in PM 2.5 before heating, whereas after heating, the main sources were the mixed source of coal and biomass combustion and secondary formation. The total BaP equivalent (TEQ) was 14.5 ng·m -3 during the sampling period, and the TEQ increased significantly after heating, which was approximately 1.2 times of that before heating. Assisted by the individual PAH source apportionment results, the ILCR of PM 2.5 -boundPAHs and NPAHs in Zibo City had a certain potential carcinogenic risk for adult males (1.06 × 10 -5 ) and females (9.32 × 10 -6 ). Among them, the health risks of PAHs from gasoline vehicles, diesel vehicles, and coal/biomass combustion were significantly higher than those from other emission sources.

Objective: To investigate the effect and safety of transnasal humidified rapid insufflation ventilatory exchange (THRIVE) technique in hysteroscopic diagnostic and therapeutic surgery. Methods: This study was a randomized controlled trial. A total of 100 female patients undergoing hysteroscopy surgery at Beijing Tongren Hospital from September to December 2023 were selected and randomly divided into two groups by the random number table method: the THRIVE group and the mask oxygen group, with 50 patients in each group. Patients in both groups were given total intravenous anesthesia with propofol combined with remifentanil and preserved spontaneous respiration. The THRIVE group was given oxygen by the THRIVE device with an oxygen flow rate of 50 L/min, while the mask oxygen group was given oxygen by the mask with an oxygen flow rate of 5 L/min; the oxygen concentration of both groups was set at 100%. The general condition of the patients, vital signs during the operation, the amount of anesthesia drugs used and the operation time were recorded. The primary observation index was the incidence of hypoxic events in the two groups; the secondary observation indexes were the incidence and time of intraoperative apnea as well as the corresponding oxygenation interventions and the incidence of non-hypoxic adverse events. Results: The age of the THRIVE group was (42±14) years, and the age of the mask oxygen group was (43±15) years. The duration of surgery in the THRIVE group was (15.9±3.4) min, which was statistically lower than that of the mask oxygen group (16.3±4.5) min ( P =0.041), and there were no differences observed in the duration of awakening time and anesthesia time (both P >0.05). There was no significant difference in the dosage of propofol, remifentanil, and intraoperative vasoactive drugs between the two groups (all P >0.05). The SpO 2 of the patients in the THRIVE group at the end of the operation was (99.7±1.1) %, which was higher than that of the mask-oxygen group (99.1±1.1) % ( P <0.05). There was no difference in SpO 2 of the two groups at the other time points (all P >0.05). There were no differences in HR and MAP of two group patients at each time point (all P >0.05). The incidence of hypoxic events in the THRIVE group was 12.0% (6/50), which was lower than that of 28.0% (14/50) in the mask oxygen group ( P =0.045). The difference in the incidence and duration of apnea between the two groups was not statistically significant (all P >0.05). There were no cases of temporary need for laryngeal mask or tracheal intubation during surgery in both groups. There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of intraoperative body movement, dizziness, nausea and vomiting between the two groups (all P >0.05), and no cardiac, cerebral, renal or other important organ insufficiency occurred in the two weeks after surgery. Conclusion: THRIVE technology can provide effective oxygenation for patients undergoing hysteroscopic diagnosis and treatment, maintain patients' circulatory stability, and improve the safety and efficiency of surgery.

Objectives: Age-related cataract is the most common type of adult cataract and a leading cause of blindness. Currently, there are few reports on the establishment of animal models for age-related cataract. During the experimental breeding of Microtus fortis ( M. fortis ), we first observed that M. fortis aged 12 to 15 months could naturally develop cataracts. This study aims to explore the possibility of developing them as an animal model for age-related cataract via identifing and analyzing spontaneous cataract in M. fortis ., Methods: The 12-month-old healthy M. fortis were served as a control group and 12-month-old cataractous M. fortis were served as an experimental group. The lens transparency was observed using the slit-lamp biomicroscope. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was used to detect pathological changes in the lens. Biochemical detection methods were applied to detect blood routine, blood glucose levels, the serum activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in both groups. Finally, real-time RT-PCR was used to detect the transcription levels of cataract-related genes in the lens of 2 groups., Results: Compared with the control group, the lens of cataract M. fortis showed severely visible opacity, the structure of lens was destroyed seriously, and some pathological damage, such as swelling, degeneration/necrosis, calcification, hyperplasia, and fiber liquefaction were found in lens epithelial cells (LECs). The fibrous structure was disorganized and irregularly distributed with morgagnian globules (MGs) aggregated in the degenerated lens fibers. There was no statistically significant difference in blood glucose levels between the experimental and control groups ( P> 0.05). However, white blood cell (WBC) count ( P< 0.05), lymphocyte count ( P< 0.01), and lymphocyte ratio ( P< 0.05) were significantly decreased, while neutrophil percentage ( P< 0.05) and monocyte ratio ( P< 0.01) were significantly increased. The serum activities of SOD and GSH-Px (both P< 0.05) were both reduced. The mRNAs of cataract-related genes, including CRYAA , CRYBA1 , CRYBB3, Bsfp1 , GJA3 , CRYBA2 , MIP , HspB1 , DNase2B, and GJA8 , were significantly downregultaed in the lenses of the experimental group (all P< 0.05)., Conclusions: There are significant differences in lens pathological changes, peroxidase levels, and cataract-related gene expression between cataract and healthy M. fortis . The developed cataract spontaneously in M. fortis is closely related to age, the cataract M. fortis might be an ideal animal model for the research of age-related cataract.

To study the genetic background of lily ( Lilium spp.) germplasm resources, and accurately evaluate and select excellent germplasm for genetic improvement of lily, we analyzed the genetic background of 62 lily germplasm accessions from 11 provinces of China by using simple sequence repeat (SSR) molecular markers. The results showed that 15 out of 83 pairs of lily SSR primers were polymorphic. A total of 157 allelic loci were amplified, with the number of alleles per locus ranging from 5 to 19 and the average number of effective alleles per locus being 4.162 8. The average observed heterozygosity and expected heterozygosity were 0.228 2 and 0.694 1, respectively. The average polymorphic information content was 0.678 8. The average Nei's diversity index and Shannon's information index were 0.694 1 and 1.594 9, respectively, indicating that the tested lily germplasm had high genetic diversity. The 62 germplasm accessions were classified into 5 groups by the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) and into 3 groups by the principal component analysis. The two analyses revealed a geographic correlation among different groups. The majority of lily germplasm accessions from the same source tended to cluster together. The population structure analysis classified the lily accessions into 4 populations and 1 mixed population. The above results provide a theoretical basis and genetic resources for the precise identification and breeding of lily germplasm resources.

There are three main classes of actin nucleation factors: Arp2/3 complexes, Spire and Formin. Spire assembles microfilaments by nucleating stable longitudinal tetramers and binding actin to the growing end of the microfilament. As early as 1999, Wellington et al. identified Spire as an actin nucleating agent, however, over the years, most studies have focused on Arp2/3 and Formin proteins; there has been relatively less research on Spire as a member of the actin nucleating factors. Recent studies have shown that Spire is involved in the vesicular transport through the synthesis of actin and plays an important role in neural development. In this paper, we reviewed the structure, expression and function of Spire, and its association with disease in order to identify meaningful potential directions for studies on Spire.

Emotion recognition refers to the process of determining and identifying an individual's current emotional state by analyzing various signals such as voice, facial expressions, and physiological indicators etc. Using electroencephalogram (EEG) signals and virtual reality (VR) technology for emotion recognition research helps to better understand human emotional changes, enabling applications in areas such as psychological therapy, education, and training to enhance people's quality of life. However, there is a lack of comprehensive review literature summarizing the combined researches of EEG signals and VR environments for emotion recognition. Therefore, this paper summarizes and synthesizes relevant research from the past five years. Firstly, it introduces the relevant theories of VR and EEG signal emotion recognition. Secondly, it focuses on the analysis of emotion induction, feature extraction, and classification methods in emotion recognition using EEG signals within VR environments. The article concludes by summarizing the research's application directions and providing an outlook on future development trends, aiming to serve as a reference for researchers in related fields.

Sorghum aphid ( Melanaphis sacchari ) and head smut fungi ( Sporisorium reilianum ) infesting sorghum cause delayed growth and development, and reduce yield and quality. This study use bioinformatics and molecular biological approaches to profile the gene expression pattern during sorghum development and under pest infestation, and analyzed the natural allelic DNA variation of sorghum MYC gene family. The findings provide insights for potential application in breeding the stress resistant and high productivity sorghum varieties. The results indicated that there are 28 MYC genes identified in sorghum genome, distributed on 10 chromosomes. The bHLH&#95;MYC&#95;N and HLH domains are the conserved domains of the MYC gene in sorghum. Gene expression analysis showed that SbbHLH35 . 7g exhibited high expression levels in leaves, SbAbaIn showed strong expression in early grains, and SbMYC2 . 1g showed high expression levels in mature pollen. In anti-aphid strains at the 5-leaf stage, SbAbaIn , SbLHW . 4g and SbLHW . 2g were significantly induced in leaves, while SbbHLH35 . 7g displayed the highest expression level in panicle tissue, which was significantly induced by the infection of head smut. Promoter cis -element analysis identified methyl jasmonate (MJ), abscisic acid (ABA), salicylic acid (SA) and MYB-binding sites related to drought-stress inducibility. Furthermore, genomic resequencing data analysis revealed natural allelic DNA variations such as single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and insertion-deletion (INDEL) for the key SbMYCs . Protein interaction network analysis using STRING indicated that SbAbaIn interacts with TIFYdomain protein, and SbbHLH35.7g interacts with MDR and imporin. SbMYCs exhibited temporal and spatial expression patterns and played vital roles during the sorghum development. Infestation by sugarcane aphids and head smut fungi induced the expression of SbAbaIn and SbbHLH35 . 7g , respectively. SbAbaIn modulated the jasmonic acid (JA) pathway to regulate the expression of defensive genes, conferring resistance to insects. On the other hand, SbbHLH35 . 7g participated in detoxification reactions to defend against pathogens.

Objective: To investigate the effectiveness of a new hook-shaped anatomical locking plate in the treatment of Danis-Weber type A lateral malleolus fractures., Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data of 45 patients with Danis-Weber type A lateral malleolus fractures who met the selection criteria between November 2020 and November 2022. According to the surgical methods, they were divided into the observation group (treated with the new hook-shaped anatomical locking plate, 23 cases) and the control group (treated with the conventional lateral malleolus anatomical locking plate, 22 cases). There was no significant difference in baseline data such as gender, age, cause of injury, Danis-Weber type of fracture, time from injury to operation, and combined ligament injury between the two groups ( P >0.05). The operation time, partial weight-bearing time, return to work time, and postoperative complications were recorded and compared between the two groups. The function and pain of ankle joint were evaluated by the range of motion of ankle dorsiflexion, plantarflexion, varus, valgus, and visual analogue scale (VAS) score at 1 and 3 months after operation, and at last follow-up, and the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) score at 3 months after operation and at last follow-up., Results: All patients were followed up 10-18 months (mean, 15.1 months). There was no significant difference in operation time between the two groups ( P >0.05); the postoperative partial weight-bearing time and return to work time of the observation group were significantly earlier than those of the control group ( P <0.05). During the follow-up, there was 1 case of joint stiffness in the observation group, and 1 case of joint surface displacement, 1 case of joint stiffness, and 1 case of traumatic arthritis in the control group. There was no significant difference in the incidences of complications between the two groups ( P >0.05). With the extension of time after operation, the range of motion of ankle dorsiflexion, plantarflexion, varus, valgus, and VAS score of the two groups gradually improved, and there were significant differences between different time points ( P <0.05); At 1 and 3 months after operation, the above indexes in the observation group were significantly better than those in the control group ( P <0.05), and there was no significant difference between the two groups at last follow-up ( P >0.05). The difference of AOFAS score between the last follow-up and 3 months after operation in the observation group was significantly better than that in the control group ( P <0.05)., Conclusion: Compared with the conventional lateral malleolus anatomical locking plate, the new hook-shaped anatomical locking plate has a more reliable fixation effect in the treatment of Danis-Weber type A lateral malleolus fracture, which is conducive to early functional exercise of the ankle joint, so that patients can bear weight earlier and return to work earlier, and the operation time is not significantly prolonged, and the effectiveness is satisfactory.

Objective: To analyze the status of respiratory pathogen detection and the clinical features in children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP). Methods: A prospective, multicenter study was conducted to collect clinical data, including medical history, laboratory examinations and multiplex PCR tests of children diagnosed with MPP from 4 hospitals in China between November 15 th and December 20 th , 2023. The multiplex PCR results and clinical characteristics of MPP children in different regions were analyzed. The children were divided into severe and mild groups according to the severity of the disease. Patients in the severe group were further divided into Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) alone and Multi-pathogen co-detection groups based on whether other pathogens were detected besides MP, to analyze the influence of respiratory pathogen co-detection rate on the severity of the disease. Mann-Whitney rank sum test and Chi-square test were used to compare data between independent groups. Results: A total of 298 children, 136 males and 162 females, were enrolled in this study, including 204 children in the severe group with an onset age of 7.0 (6.0, 8.0) years, and 94 children in the mild group with an onset age of 6.5 (4.0, 7.8) years. The level of C-reactive protein, D-dimer, lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) were significantly higher (10.0 (5.0, 18.0) vs . 5.0 (5.0, 7.5) mg/L, 0.6 (0.4, 1.1) vs. 0.5 (0.3, 0.6) mg/L, 337 (286, 431) vs . 314 (271, 393) U/L, Z =2.02, 2.50, 3.05, all P <0.05), and the length of hospitalization was significantly longer in the severe group compared with those in mild group (6.0 (6.0, 7.0) vs. 5.0 (4.0, 6.0) d, Z =4.37, P <0.05). The time from onset to admission in severe MPP children was significantly shorter than that in mild MPP children (6.0 (5.0, 9.5) vs. 9.0 (7.0, 13.0) d, Z =2.23, P =0.026). All patients completed the multiplex PCR test, with 142 cases (47.7%) MPP children detected with 21 pathogens including adenovirus 25 cases (8.4%), human coronavirus 23 cases (7.7%), rhinovirus 21 cases (7.0%), Streptococcus pneumoniae 21 cases (7.0%), influenza A virus 18 cases (6.0%). The pathogens with the highest detection rates in Tianjin, Shanghai, Wenzhou and Chengdu were Staphylococcus aureus at 10.7% (8/75), adenovirus at 13.0% (10/77), adenovirus at 15.3% (9/59), and both rhinovirus and Haemophilus influenzae at 11.5% (10/87) each. The multi-pathogen co-detection rate in severe MPP children was significantly higher than that in mild MPP group (52.9% (108/204) vs. 36.2% (34/94), χ ²=10.62, P =0.005). Among severe MPP children, there are 89 cases in the multi-pathogen co-detection group and 73 cases in the simple MPP group. The levels of LDH, D-dimer and neutrophil counts in the multi-pathogen co-detection group were significantly higher than those in the simple MPP group (348 (284, 422) vs. 307 (270, 358) U/L, 0.8 (0.5, 1.5) vs. 0.6 (0.4, 1.0) mg/L, 4.99 (3.66, 6.89)×10 9 vs. 4.06 (2.91, 5.65)×10 9 /L, Z =5.17, 4.99, 6.11, all P <0.05). Conclusions: The co-detection rate of respiratory pathogens, LDH and D-dimer in children with severe MPP were higher than those with mild MPP. Among severe MPP children the stress response of children in co-detection group was more serious than that of children with simple MPP.

Objective: To retrospectively analyze the treatment status of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) in newly diagnosed patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) in China. Methods: Data of chronic phase (CP) and accelerated phase (AP) CML patients diagnosed from January 2006 to December 2022 from 77 centers, ≥18 years old, and receiving initial imatinib, nilotinib, dasatinib or flumatinib-therapy within 6 months after diagnosis in China with complete data were retrospectively interrogated. The choice of initial TKI, current TKI medications, treatment switch and reasons, treatment responses and outcomes as well as the variables associated with them were analyzed. Results: 6 893 patients in CP ( n =6 453, 93.6%) or AP ( n =440, 6.4%) receiving initial imatinib ( n =4 906, 71.2%), nilotinib ( n =1 157, 16.8%), dasatinib ( n =298, 4.3%) or flumatinib ( n =532, 7.2%) -therapy. With the median follow-up of 43 ( IQR 22-75) months, 1 581 (22.9%) patients switched TKI due to resistance ( n =1 055, 15.3%), intolerance ( n =248, 3.6%), pursuit of better efficacy ( n =168, 2.4%), economic or other reasons ( n =110, 1.6%). The frequency of switching TKI in AP patients was significantly-higher than that in CP patients (44.1% vs 21.5%, P <0.001), and more AP patients switched TKI due to resistance than CP patients (75.3% vs 66.1%, P =0.011). Multi-variable analyses showed that male, lower HGB concentration and ELTS intermediate/high-risk cohort were associated with lower cytogenetic and molecular responses rate and poor outcomes in CP patients; higher WBC count and initial the second-generation TKI treatment, the higher response rates; Ph(+) ACA at diagnosis, poor PFS. However, Sokal intermediate/high-risk cohort was only significantly-associated with lower CCyR and MMR rates and the poor PFS. Lower HGB concentration and larger spleen size were significantly-associated with the lower cytogenetic and molecular response rates in AP patients; initial the second-generation TKI treatment, the higher treatment response rates; lower PLT count, higher blasts and Ph(+) ACA, poorer TFS; Ph(+) ACA, poorer OS. Conclusion: At present, the vast majority of newly-diagnosed CML-CP or AP patients could benefit from TKI treatment in the long term with the good treatment responses and survival outcomes.

Heavy metal contamination of soil has become a hot issue of social concern due to its impact on the safety of agricultural products in recent years. Wheat is one of the most dominant staple food crops worldwide and has become a major source of toxic metals in human diets. Foliar application was considered to be a more efficient and economical method of heavy metal remediation. Field experiments were carried out in Cd-, As-, and Pb-contaminated farmland soils. The effects of foliar conditioners on the accumulation of Cd, As, and Pb in wheat grains were investigated after being sprayed with Zn (0.2% ZnSO 4 ), Mg (0.4% MgSO 4 ), and Mn (0.2% MnSO 4 ) separately and in combination. Thus, the effective foliar conditioners were selected to block the accumulation of Cd, As, and Pb in wheat grains grown in combined heavy metal-contaminated farmland in north China. The results showed that, compared with that in the control, the Cd, As, and Pb contents in wheat grains of the Zn+Mg+Mn foliar treatment were significantly decreased by 18.96%, 23.87%, and 51.31%, respectively, and TF grain/straw decreased by 14.62%, 27.73%, and 47.70%, respectively. Thus, spraying the compound foliar conditioner of Zn+Mg+Mn could effectively reduce heavy metal accumulation in wheat grains through inhibition translocation of those metals from stem leaves to grain. In addition, the results indicated that Cd and As were mainly distributed at the central endosperm (34.08%-37.08%), whereas Pb was primarily distributed at the pericarp and seed coat (27.78%) of the wheat grain. Compared with that in the control, spraying the compound foliar conditioner of Zn+Mg+Mn extremely decreased Cd and As accumulation in the aleurone layer of the wheat grain by 81.10% and 82.24%, respectively. Except for the pericarp, seed coat, and central endosperm layers, the Pb content in each grain layer was dramatically decreased by 42.85% to 91.15%. There was only a significant negative correlation between heavy metal content and Zn content in the aleurone layer (P2) of wheat flour. In summary, the accumulation of Cd, As, and Pb in wheat grains, especially in the aleurone layer, could be effectively reduced by foliar conditioner application at the jointing, booting, and early filling stages of wheat, separately. Furthermore, besides the foliar treatment, removing wheat bran to reduce Cd contamination in wheat grains is highly recommended to ensure the safe production of wheat.

Objective: To investigate the clinical features and prognosis of testicular relapse in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Methods: Clinical data including the age, time from initial diagnosis to recurrence, relapse site, and therapeutic effect of 37 pediatric ALL with testicular relapse and treated in Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences between November 2011 and December 2022 were analyzed retrospectively. Patients were grouped according to different clinical data. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to evaluate the overall survival (OS) rate and event free survival (EFS) rate for univariate analysis, and Cox proportional-hazards regression model was used to evaluate the influencing factors of OS rate and EFS rate for multivariate analysis. Results: The age at initial diagnosis of 37 pediatric testicular relapse patients was (5±3) years and the time from initial diagnosis to testicular recurrence was (37±15) months. The follow-up time was 43 (22, 56) months. Twenty-three patients (62%) were isolated testis relapse. The 5-year OS rate and EFS rate of the 37 relapsed children were (60±9) % and (50±9) % respectively. Univariate analysis showed that the 2-year EFS rate in the group of patients with time from initial diagnosis to testicular recurrence >28 months was significantly higher than those ≤28 months ((69±10)% vs. (11±11)%, P <0.05), 2-year EFS rate of the isolated testicular relapse group was significantly higher than combined relapse group ((66±11)% vs. (20±13) %, P <0.05), 2-year EFS rate of chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell treatment after relapse group was significantly higher than without CAR-T cell treatment after relapse group ((78±10)% vs. (15±10)%, P <0.05). ETV6-RUNX1 was the most common genetic aberration in testicular relapsed ALL (38%, 14/37). The 4-year OS and EFS rate of patients with ETV6-RUNX1 positive were (80±13) % and (64±15) %, respectively. Multivariate analysis identified relapse occurred≤28 months after first diagnosis ( HR =3.09, 95% CI 1.10-8.72), combined relapse ( HR =4.26, 95% CI 1.34-13.52) and CAR-T cell therapy after relapse ( HR =0.15,95% CI 0.05-0.51) were independent prognostic factors for 2-year EFS rate (all P <0.05). Conclusions: The outcome of testicular relapse in pediatric ALL was poor. They mainly occurred 3 years after initial diagnosis. ETV6-RUNX1 is the most common abnormal gene.Patients with ETV6-RUNX1 positive often have a favorable outcome. Early relapse and combined relapse indicate unfavorable prognosis, while CAR-T cell therapy could significantly improve the survival rate of children with testicular recurrence.

Objective: To explore the role of the PPARα/HOXA10 signaling pathway in mediating the effect of adiponectin (APN) for improving endometrial receptivity in a rat model of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)., Methods: Forty female SD rat models with letrozole-induced PCOS were randomized, with 10 normal rats as the control, into 4 equal groups for treatment with APN alone, APN combined with GW6471 (a specific PPARα inhibitor) or the vehicle for 20 days, or no further treatment (PCOS model group). GW6471 treatment (daily dose of 1 mg/kg) and vehicle treatment were initiated on the 11th day following the start of APN treatment, all administered via intraperitoneal injection. The rats were observed for changes in estrous cycle, body weight, ovarian index and morphology, uterine index and morphology, serum hormone levels and lipid metabolism parameters. Endometrial expressions of PPARα and HOXA10 were detected with immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. The development of endometrial pinopodes was observed under electron microscope, and pregnancies of the rats were recorded., Results: The rat models of PCOS exhibited obvious estrous cycle disorders with significantly prolonged estrous interval, increased body weight and ovarian index, decreased uterine index, disordered serum hormones and lipid metabolism ( P < 0.05), and polycystic ovarian changes, and these changes were significantly improved by APN treatment. Endometrial expressions of PPARα and HOXA10 were significantly lowered in PCOS rats and effectively up-regulated after APN treatment, but GW6471 treatment obviously blocked the effect of APN ( P < 0.05). APN showed strong protective effect against PCOS-induced impairment of endometrial pinopode development, and this effect was obviously attenuated by GW6471. APN also significantly increased the pregnancy rate and embryo number in PCOS rats, while GW6471 obviously reduced the embryo number and caused developmental retardation of the embryos., Conclusion: APN can improve endometrial receptivity in PCOS rats by upregulating the PARα/HOXA10 pathway.

To explore the formation mechanism of the ozone （O 3 ） and emission reduction strategy in a northwestern city， an extensive field campaign was conducted in summertime in 2021 in Yining City， in which the 0-D box model incorporating the latest explicit chemical mechanism （MCMv3.3.1） was applied for the first time to quantify the O 3 -NO x -VOCs sensitivity and formulate a precise O 3 control strategy in this city. The results showed that： ① the three indicators ［i.e.， O 3 formation potential （OFP）， ·OH reaction rate （ k ·OH ）， and relative incremental reactivity （RIR）］ jointly indicated that alkenes， oxygenated volatile organic compounds （OVOCs）， and aromatics were the highest contributors among anthropogenic volatile organic compounds （AVOC） to O 3 formation， and the contribution of biogenic volatile organic compounds （BVOC） also could not be ignored. Additionally， the results based on RIR calculation implied that that the acetaldehyde， ethylene， and propylene were the most sensitive individual VOCs species in Yining City. ② The in-situ photochemical O 3 variations were primarily influenced by the local photochemical production and export process horizontally to downwind areas or vertically to the upper layer， and the reaction pathways of HO 2 ·+ NO and ·OH + NO 2 contributed the most to the gross O x photochemical production （60%） and photochemical destruction production （53%）， respectively. Hence， the reduction in local emissions for O 3 precursors was more essential to alleviate O 3 pollution in this city. ③ The outcome based on RIR（NO x ） / RIR（AVOC） and EKMA jointly suggested that the photochemical regime in this city can be considered a transitional regime that was also nearly a VOCs-limited regime. Detailed mechanism modeling based on multiple scenarios further suggested that the NO x and VOCs synergic emission reduction strategies was helpful to alleviate O 3 pollution. These results are useful to provide policy-related guidance for other cities facing similar O 3 pollution in northwest China.

The consensus has been reached on the benefits of surgical drainage. However, catheter-related blockage and retrograde infection remain bottleneck problems in the treatment process. To this end, with Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, as the main inventors, a drainage tube dredging umbrella and anti-retrograde infection kit have been designed and applied for the national utility model patent (patent number: ZL 2023 2 1300036.2). The main body of the kit consists of a catheter dredging umbrella, drainage tube, and drainage bag. Several isolation layers are installed in the drainage bag to form a maze structure and a reflux valve is added, thereby increasing the distance and resistance of liquid reflux, greatly reducing the possibility of liquid reflux entering the drainage tube, so as to reduce the risk of retrograde infection through physical means. When the drainage tube is blocked, the drainage tube and joint tube of the drainage bag can be separated, the unblocking umbrella can be inserted into the blockage through the guide wire, the cannula can be inserted along the guide wire, the guide wire is pulled to release the dredging umbrella in the contraction state, and the dredging umbrella can be pulled back in the expansion state until the blockage is removed from the drainage tube. The operating procedure is standardized and simple. While preventing retrograde infection (anti-retrograde infection kit), the catheter dredging umbrella could effectively address the issue of catheter blockage. It has certain clinical promotion and application value.

The COVID-19 epidemic has spread to the whole world for three years and has had a serious impact on human life, health and economic activities. China's epidemic prevention and control has gone through the following stages: emergency unconventional stage, emergency normalization stage, and the transitional stage from the emergency normalization to the "Category B infectious disease treated as Category B" normalization, and achieved a major and decisive victory. The designated hospitals for prevention and control of COVID-19 epidemic in Tianjin has successfully completed its tasks in all stages of epidemic prevention and control, and has accumulated valuable experience. This article summarizes the experience of constructing a hospital infection prevention and control system during the "Category B infectious disease treated as Category A" period in designated hospital. The experience is summarized as the "Cluster" hospital infection prevention and control system, namely "three rings" outside, middle and inside, "three districts" of green, orange and red, "three things" before, during and after the event, "two-day pre-purification" and "two-director system", and "one zone" management. In emergency situations, we adopt a simplified version of the cluster hospital infection prevention and control system. In emergency situations, a simplified version of the "Cluster" hospital infection prevention and control system can be adopted. This system has the following characteristics: firstly, the system emphasizes the characteristics of "cluster" and the overall management of key measures to avoid any shortcomings. The second, it emphasizes the transformation of infection control concepts to maximize the safety of medical services through infection control. The third, it emphasizes the optimization of the process. The prevention and control measures should be comprehensive and focused, while also preventing excessive use. The measures emphasize the use of the least resources to achieve the best infection control effect. The fourth, it emphasizes the quality control work of infection control, pays attention to the importance of the process, and advocates the concept of "system slimming, process fattening". Fifthly, it emphasizes that the future development depends on artificial intelligence, in order to improve the quality and efficiency of prevention and control to the greatest extent. Sixth, hospitals need to strengthen continuous training and retraining. We utilize diverse training methods, including artificial intelligence, to ensure that infection control policies and procedures are simple. We have established an evaluation and feedback mechanism to ensure that medical personnel are in an emergency state at all times.

Objective: To establish a machine learning radiomics model that can accurately predict MRI enhancement patterns of glioma based on T2 fluid attenuated inversion recovery (T2-FLAIR) images for optimizing the workflow of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations of glioma patients., Methods: We retrospectively collected preoperative MR T2-FLAIR images from 385 patients with pathologically confirmed glioma, who were divided into enhancing and non-enhancing groups according to the enhancement pattern. Predictive radiomics models were established using Gaussian Process, Linear Regression, Linear Regression-Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator, Support Vector Machine, Linear Discriminant Analysis or Naive Bayes as the classifiers in the training cohort ( n =201)and tested both in the internal ( n =85) and external validation cohorts ( n =99). The receiver-operating characteristic curve was used to assess the predictive performance of the models., Results: The predictive model constructed based on 15 radiomics features using Gaussian Process as the classifier had the best predictive performance in both the training cohort and the internal validation cohort, with areas under the curve (AUC) of 0.88 (95% CI : 0.81-0.94) and 0.80 (95% CI : 0.71-0.88), respectively. In the external validation cohort, the model showed an AUC of 0.81 (95% CI : 0.71-0.90) with sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of 0.98, 0.61, 0.76 and 0.96, respectively., Conclusion: The T2-FLAIR-based machine learning radiomics model can accurately predict the enhancement pattern of gliomas on MRI.

Objective: To propose a method for abdominal multi-organ segmentation assisted by multi-phase CT synthesis., Methods: Multi-phase CT synthesis for synthesizing high-quality CT images was used to increase the information details for image segmentation. A transformer block was introduced to help to capture long-range semantic information in cooperation with perceptual loss to minimize the differences between the real image and synthesized image., Results: The model was trained using multi-phase CT dataset of 526 total cases from Nanfang Hospital. The mean maximum absolute error (MAE) of the synthesized non-contrast CT, venous phase contrast- enhanced CT (CECT), and delay phase CECT images from arterial phase CECT was 19.192±3.381, 20.140±2.676 and 22.538±2.874, respectively, which were better than those of images synthesized using other methods. Validation of the multi-phase CT synthesis-assisted abdominal multi-organ segmentation method showed an average dice coefficient of 0.847 for the internal validation set and 0.823 for the external validation set., Conclusion: The propose method is capable of synthesizing high-quality multi-phase CT images to effectively reduce the errors in registration between different phase CT images and improve the performance for segmentation of 13 abdominal organs.

To explore screening tools for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), which are convenient for primary hospitals, it can provide basic data for formulating ASD prevention policies. This was a cross-sectional study by cluster sampling. Huyi District and Xincheng District were extracted for investigation in Xi'an City. From July 2021 to September 2022, all children aged from 3 months to 36 months who live in the two districts were subjected to primary screening. The child care physician used the routine screening tool "warning signs checklist for screening psychological, behavioral and developmental problems of children" and cartoon pictures of "early high-risk warning signs of autism", the children who were positive in the initial screening were referred to the district level maternal and child health hospital for re-screening, and those who were positive in the re-screening were referred to Xi 'an Children's Hospital for diagnosis. The results showed that a total of 17 905 children aged from 3 months to 36 months were initially screened in the two districts, including 10 588 children aged from 18 months to 36 months, 50 children who were positive in the initial screening and 50 children who were re-screened. 23 children (18 boys and 5 girls) were diagnosed with ASD. The prevalence rate of ASD in children was 2.17‰ (95% confidence interval:1.29‰-3.06‰). 42 children were positive for "warning signs checklist" at the preliminary screening, and 19 were confirmed as ASD. 27 children were positive for "cartoon pictures" in the preliminary screening, and 23 were confirmed with ASD. The "cartoon pictures" in the preliminary screening and diagnosis of consistent rate was higher than the "warning signs checklist", two kinds of screening methods comparison were statistically significant difference in the odds of consistent (χ 2 =11.01, P =0.001). In conclusion, relying on the three-level network of maternal and child health care, it is conducive to the whole process management of screening and diagnosis of children with ASD, and to guide the formulation of prevention policies. The cartoon pictures of "early high-risk warning signs of autism" can assist the identification of children with ASD based on the "warning signs checklist", which is simple, effective and suitable for promotion in the community health care.

Objective: To analyze the relationship between food intake and chronic diseases of Jinuo Minority residents living in Yunnan Province., Methods: A total of 392 Jinuo Minority residents 20-80-year-old among 304 families(male 135, female 257; aged 20-49 years old 140, aged 50-59 years old 136, aged 60-80 years old 116)in Jinghong District in Yunnan Province were selected with stratified multistage cluster sampling method. To apply the method of food frequency questionnaire and questionnaire survey obtain the condition of dietary structure and overweight or obesity, diabetes and dyslipidemia among Jinuo Minority in the past 12 months. Non-conditional Logistic regression analysis was utilized to analyze the correlation between food intake and chronic diseases., Results: In 2020, the prevalence of overweight/obesity, hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidemias among Jinuo adults in Jinghong District were 38.8%(n=152), 19.1%(n=75), 3.6%(n=14)and 26.3%(n=103). Jinuo residents aged 20 and above who have consumed noodle and instant noodle(OR=1.677, 95%CI 1.028-2.736), fermented soybean curd(OR=3.056, 95%CI 1.853-5.038), grass carp(OR=2.245, 95%CI 1.270-3.971), ethnic food/peanut(OR=1.975, 95%CI 1.162-3.355) were more likely to experience overweight/obesity compared to those who did not consume them. On the other hand, individuals who consumed snacks/bread(OR=0.322, 95%CI 0.190-0.545) were less likely to develop overweight/obesity compared to those who did not consume them. Jinuo residents aged 20 and above who have consumed other cereals and cereals products, such as buckwheat(OR=7.029, 95%CI 1.494-33.070), were more likely to develop diabetes than those who did not consume them. And those who have eaten cabbage vegetables(such as cauliflower/cabbage)(OR=0.155, 95%CI 0.034-0.708), and kernel fruits(such as apple/pear)(OR=0.227, 95% CI 0.069-0.743) were less likely to develop diabetes than those who did not consume them. Adults who consumed cooked meat and other livestock and poultry, such as donkey/horse meat(OR=9.676, 95% CI 1.418-66.027), were more likely to cause dyslipidemias compared to did not consume them. Conversely, individuals who consumed root vegetables(such as radish/lotus root)(OR=0.405, 95%CI 0.204-0.803), cooked pork from animal foods(OR=0.482, 95%CI 0.263-0.885), snacks/snack bread(OR=0.590, 95%CI 0.357-0.974) and plum blossom(OR=0.173, 95%CI 0.038-0.793) were less likely to develop dyslipidemia than those who did not consume them., Conclusion: In Jinghong District, the overweight/obesity of Jinuo adults aged 20-80 was positively correlated to the consumption of noodles and instant noodles, fermented bean curd, grass carp, and ethnic food/peanut. And there was a negative correlation with the consumption of snacks/bread. Regarding diabetes, a positive correlation was observed with the consumption of other grains and products, while negative correlations were found with the consumption of cabbage vegetables and kernel fruits. For dyslipidemias, there was a positive correlation with the consumption of cooked meat and other livestock and poultry, and negative correlations were identified with the consumption of root vegetables, cooked pork from animal foods, snacks/snack bread, and prunes.

Objective: To compare the effectiveness of supramalleolar osteotomy (SMOT) and ankle arthrodesis (AA) in the treatment of inverted ankle osteoarthritis (OA) in Takakura 3A stage with talus tilt., Methods: The clinical data of 41 patients with inverted ankle OA in Takakura 3A stage with talus tilt admitted between January 2016 to January 2020 and met the selection criteria were retrospectively analyzed, and they were divided into SMOT group (21 cases) and AA group (20 cases) according to the surgical method. There was no significant difference in baseline data such as gender, age, affected side, cause of injury, and preoperative talar tilt angle (TT), American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle-hindfoot score, visual analogue scale (VAS) score, short-form 36 health survey scale (SF-36) score, and sagittal range of motion (ROM) between the two groups ( P >0.05). The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, partial weight-bearing time, and complications were recorded in the two groups. AOFAS ankle-hindfoot score, VAS score, SF-36 score, and sagittal ROM were used to evaluate the effectiveness. Bone healing was observed and the time of bony healing was recorded. In the SMOT group, the tibial lateral surface angle (TLS), TT, and the tibial articular surface angle (TAS) were measured on ankle joint weight-bearing anteroposterior and lateral X-ray films and compared with those before operation. And Takakura staging assessment was also performed., Results: The operation time and intraoperative blood loss in AA group were significantly less than those in SMOT group ( P <0.05). Patients in both groups were followed up 24-36 months, with an average of 28.9 months. Incision infection occurred in 2 patients in SMOT group and 1 patient in AA group, respectively, and no vascular or nerve injury occurred in both groups. The partial weight-bearing time of SMOT group was significantly less than that of AA group ( P <0.05), but there was no significant difference in bony healing time between the two groups ( P >0.05). At last follow-up, the difference of VAS score and SF-36 score before and after operation of AA group were less than those of SMOT group, and the difference of sagittal ROM before and after operation in SMOT group was less than that of AA group, with significant differences ( P <0.05). The difference of AOFAS ankle-hindfoot score before and after operation in AA group was slightly greater than that in SMOT group, but the difference was not significant ( P >0.05). The above scores in both groups significantly improved when compared with those before operation ( P <0.05). Sagittal ROM in AA group was significantly less than that before operation ( P <0.05), while there was no significant difference in SMOT group ( P >0.05). In the SMOT group, 17 patients (81.0%) showed improvement in imaging staging, 2 patients (9.5%) showed no improvement in staging, and 2 patients (9.5%) showed stage aggravation. TLS, TAS, and TT significantly improved when compared with those before operation ( P <0.05). At last follow-up, 2 patients in SMOT group received AA due to pain and stage aggravation, and 1 patient with bone nonunion underwent bone graft. Subtalar joint fusion was performed in 1 case of subtalar arthritis in AA group., Conclusion: For inverted ankle OA in Takakura 3A stage with talus tilt, both SMOT and AA can significantly releave pain, improve foot function and quality of life, but AA has more definite effectiveness and better patient satisfaction.

Based on the PM 2.5 samples from Weinan City collected from December 16, 2020 to January 14, 2021, the contamination characteristics of the carbonaceous components and inorganic ions in PM 2.5 and the relationship between PM 2.5 and water-soluble ions were analyzed. Meanwhile, the sources and source areas were also analyzed by using the positive matrix factorization(PMF), potential source contribution factor(PSCF), and concentration weight trajectory(CWT) methods. The results showed that the night and daytime concentrations of PM 2.5 , OC, EC, and TWSIIs during the winter in Weinan City were 119.08, 17.02, 6.20, and 34.30 μg·m -3 and 130.66, 18.09, 6.22, and 50.65 μg·m -3 , respectively. Ion concentrations followed the order of F - >NO 3 - >Ca 2+ >SO 4 2- >Na + >Cl - >NH 4 + >K + >Mg 2+ during the daytime and NO 3 - >SO 4 2- >Ca 2+ >NH 4 + >F - >Na + >Cl - >K + >Mg 2+ at night. PM 2.5 was acidic during the day and alkaline at night. SOR and NOR values were 0.20 and 0.09, respectively. The R 2 values of NH 4 + and SO 4 2- during the day and night were 0.04 and 0.09, respectively, and those of NH 4 + and NO 3 - during the day and night were 0.07 and 0.65, respectively. The PMF model analysis showed that the sources of PM 2.5 in Weinan City during the winter were mainly coal burning and industrial emission sources, dust sources, and secondary sources. Backward trajectory combined with the potential source analysis indicated that the PM 2.5 sources in Weinan City during the winter could be divided into two categories:the first was northwest to the remote source transmission, mainly affected by Gansu, Southern Inner Mongolia, and the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region; the other category was local emissions, affected by the surrounding neighboring cities of Xianyang, Xi'an, and Tongchuan.