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In many cases, tooth movement over a considerable distance is needed to meet the major goal of orthodontic treatment, which has always been to correct malocclusion and improve the facial profile in patients with skeletal malocclusion. However, tooth movement over a considerable distance also carries risks of dehiscence, fenestration, root exposure, and so forth. The reason lies in neglecting many limits for tooth movement, especially anatomical characteristics. This review focuses on structural limits for orthodontic molar movement, such as the alveolar cortex, the maxillary sinus floor, and the mandibular canal. In addition, we set the strategy in clinical orthodontics. For the alveolar cortex and the mandibular canal, orthodontists are recommended to move the root away from the cortical bone initially and formulate personalized molar movement plans according to clinical examination and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and other imaging examinations. First, the molar root was controlled by torque away from the bone plate, and then, the molar movement amount and direction were controlled according to the personalized movement path. In regard to the maxillary sinus floor, light and continuous forces and scientific biomechanics are suitable for bodily tooth movement. In summary, better therapeutic efficacy and long-term stabilization could be achieved by circumventing the limits and risks caused by anatomical limitations and characteristics.

Long-term stability of tritium voltaic battery was studied by titanium tritide sources in situ radiation and accelerating radiation from low-energy electron beams. The tritium voltaic experimental models and laboratory array battery prototype were made up of titanium tritide sources and c-silicon P+NN+ devices with boronsilicate glass/Si3N4 passivation. The tritium voltaic outputs at different radiation time were compared. The intrinsic dark I-V characteristics of the c-silicon P+NN+ devices and the defects in their surface material were analyzed. The tritium voltaic experimental models under titanium tritide sources in situ radiation kept output stability in 115 days and the intrinsic dark I-V characteristics of c-silicon P+NN+ devices in the models changed little after radiation. Accelerating radiation from low-energy electron beams gave much severe damage in voltaic output of tritium voltaic experimental models than in that in situ radiation of titanium tritide sources under the same radiation fluxncies. But the radiation damage in accelerating radiation took place in the very early radiation term, and then kept stable. The intrinsic dark I-V characteristics of c-silicon P+NN+ devices showed little change and the ESR defects in the device material were not noticeably increased after 60 min of accelerating radiation. Voltaic output and structure integrity of the laboratory array battery prototype were tested during 64 months. The fundamental voltaic unit showed a little larger decrease of 11.4% in voltaic Isc than tritium decay at 64 months. In addition, the electrical interconnection structure of the prototype exhibited partial failure, which should be put much more attention in the future.

Primary cilia are organelles present on most mammalian cells that sense environmental changes and transduce signaling, and they are the key coordinators of various signaling pathways during tissue development. This article reviews the progress of research on the distribution of primary cilia in tooth development and the related signaling pathways. A literature review shows that in odontogenesis, primary cilia play an important role in the mutual induction of the epithelium and mesenchyme; during the continuous proliferation and differentiation of cells, the distribution of primary cilia is temporally and spatially dependent. Although the reason for this distribution is still unclear, some experimental evidence indicates that this phenomenon is compatible with the function of cells and tissues in which primary cilia are distributed. Primary cilia are involved in the regulation of two important signaling pathways, Hedgehog and Wnt, in odontogenesis. Genes encoding cilia (such as Kif3a, Evc/Evc2 and Ift) can affect the development of teeth by regulating these two signaling pathways, and there is an interaction between the two signaling pathways. Deletion of related genes (such as Ofd1 and Bbs) can damage the transmission of upstream and downstream signals by damaging the structure or function of cilia, thereby causing various types of dental dysplasia, including small teeth, enamel hypoplasia, missing teeth, or craniofacial deformities.

Traditional titanium implants are bioinert, and some biological properties, such as osteogenic and antibacterial properties, can be obtained by adding different trace elements to their surfaces. These trace elements can help enhance implant-bone binding and effectively prevent peri-implantitis. Different trace elements have different advantages, and different modification methods can also affect the biological properties. In this paper, the biological properties of titanium implant surfaces modified by trace elements were reviewed. The results of a literature review show that implant surfaces modified by fluoride, silver, zinc, manganese, etc. can inhibit the growth of bacteria and reduce the negative impact on normal cells from bacteria. Other elements, such as strontium, tantalum and cobalt, can promote the differentiation of osteoblasts on the surface of titanium implants, improve the activity of alkaline phosphatase, and improve the expression of osteogenic genes, thus increasing the amount of bone formation and enhancing the strength of implant-bone integration. Most elements have multiple properties, and the combined application of two or more elements can yield more biological properties than a single element. Since there are many trace elements in the human body, there is still a wide research space available in the field of the surface modification of dental implants by trace elements.

Objective To investigate the relationship between the expression of serum antigen KI-67 (ki67) and the clinicopathological characteristics of breast cancer patients, and to demonstrate the consistency between serum ki67 detection and immunohistochemical staining (IHC) in breast cancer patients. Methods The study enrolled 10 healthy women, 10 patients with benign breast masses and 86 with invasive breast cancer. ELISA was used to detect the relationship between serum ki67 levels and clinicopathological characteristics. Meanwhile, IHC was performed to study the relationship between the expression of ki67 and the clinicopathology in breast cancer tissues. Results The serum ki67 level in the healthy women was similar with the benign breast patients. But, the serum ki67 level in the breast patients significantly increased. The serum ki67 level in the breast cancer patients was closely related to lymph node metastasis, and was not obviously related to other clinicopathological features. The high expression of ki67 in breast cancer tissues was related to tumor size, histological grade, lymph node metastasis, estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER2), while it is not related with the age of patients. Conclusion The serum ki67 level is higher in breast cancer patients, but the test result alone was not as valuable as IHC in predicting the clinical diagnosis and treatment for breast cancer patients.

To evaluate immune efficacy of the recombinant Lactobacillus casei, we constructed pLA-Newcastle disease virus (NDV)-F/L. casei and obtained the expression products. PCR amplified the NDV F gene carrying part of the major epitopes. The target gene was inserted to the shuttle plasmid pLA, and then transformed into Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) in order to screen positive recombinant plasmid. The positive recombinant plasmid was transformed into L. casei by electroporation to construct pLA-NDV-F/L. casei. The positive strains were identified by PCR. The reactivity of the recombinant bacteria was identified by Western blotting and the protein expression was detected by indirect immunofluorescence, flow cytometry and laser confocal microscopy. The 14-day-old chickens in each group were vaccinated by oral plus nose drops. The pLA-NDV-F/L. casei twice immunization group and three times immunization group, the commercial vaccine group, the pLA/L. casei group, the unchallenge PBS and the challenge PBS group were established. IgG in serum and sIgA in the lavage fluid of intestinal, nasal and lung were detected by ELISA. The protection rate of chickens was evaluated. The results showed that 94.10% of the recombinant bacteria expressed the F protein. The recombinant protein was highly expressed on the surface of L. casei with a protein size of 62 kDa, which specifically bound to anti-NDV serum. The levels of anti-F IgG and sIgA antibodies in each test group were significantly higher than those in the control groups. The duration of antibody in the pLA-NDV-F/L. casei three-time immunization group lasted 28 days longer than that in the twice immunized group, and there was no significant difference between antibody peak values. The attack protection rates in each group of immunized pLA-NDV-F/L. casei three times, twice, attenuated vaccine, pLA/L. casei and PBS were 80%, 80%, 90%, 0% and 0%, respectively. Therefore, the antigenic protein of NDV F was successfully expressed by L. casei expression system, which has of reactogenicity and immunogenicity, and could induce protective immune responses in chickens.

Objective: To establish an HPLC method for simultaneous determination of panaxynol and panaxydol from the fibrous root of Panax ginseng., Method: The analysis was performed on Elite C18 column (4.6 mm x 150 mm, 5 microm) with mobile phase gradient of CH3CN-water at a flow rate of 1.0 mL x min(-1). The detection wavelength was 230 nm, and the detection temperature was ambient., Result: The linear range were 0.70-3.50 microg (r = 0.9995) for panaxynol, and 0.64-3.20 microg (r = 0.9999) for panaxydol. The average recoveries were 99.1% (RSD 1.7%) and 99.3% (RSD 1.2%), respectively., Conclusion: The HPLC method is simple, rapid and reproducible, which can be used for the quality control of the fibrous root of P. ginseng.

Background: According to the report of the 11th World Conference on Lung Cancer, lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer related death. So there is important clinical significance to monitor the patients with lung cancer through different ways. The aim of this study is to investigate the clinical significance of multiple tumor marker protein chip in monitoring the recurrence, progression and metastasis of lung cancer., Methods: Forty-four patients were selected, who were detected at least 4 times with tumor mar-ker protein chip. Based on efficacy and status, patients were classified as six grades. Correlation of expression level of each tumor marker with grade of efficacy and status was analyzed. And the discriminant functions for recurrence, progression and metastasis of lung cancer were established., Results: Grade of efficacy and status was closely related to CA199, CEA, CA242, AFP and CA125 in adenocarcinoma (AC), to CA125 in squamous cell carcinoma (SqCa), and to CA199 and CA125 in small cell lung cancer (SCLC). Based on the discriminant functions, accuracy rate of efficacy and status judgement was 89.4%, 80.4%, 78.3% and 66.7% for female AC, male AC, SqCa and SCLC respectively., Conclusions: There is important clinical significance of multiple tumor marker protein chip in monitoring the recurrence, progression and metastasis of lung cancer (especially adenocarcinoma).