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Objective To provide foundational data for exploring the association between KIR genes and diseases by analyzing the frequency and polymorphism of killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) genes in Han, Manchu and Korean populations in Jilin Province. Methods KIR gene typing was performed on 129 Manchu, 198 Korean and 201 Han individuals from Jilin using the polymerase chain reaction-sequence specific primers (PCR-SSP) technique. Results KIR3DL2, KIR3DL3, KIR3DP1 and KIR2DL4 were detected in all subjects. KIR2DL1, KIR2DL3, KIR2DS4, KIR3DL1 and KIR2DP1 genes had high detection frequencies, ranging from 93% to 98% across the three ethnic groups. In contrast, the detection rates of KIR2DL2, KIR2DL5, KIR3DS1, KIR2DS1, KIR2DS2, KIR2DS3 and KIR2DS5 were lower, ranging from 13% to 45%. Notably, the detection frequencies of KIR2DL5 (17.83%) and KIR2DS1 (17.83%) in the Manchu population were significantly lower than those in the Korean (42.93%, 47.47%) and Han (33.83%, 33.33%) populations in Jilin. The detection frequencies of KIR2DL5 (42.93%) and KIR2DS1 (47.47%) were significantly higher in the Korean population compared to the Han (33.83%, 33.33%) and Manchu (17.83%, 17.83%) population. The frequency of the KIRAA haplotype in the Han population was the highest among the three ethnic groups in Jilin at 61.19%, significantly higher than that in the Korean population (42.93%). Differences between the three groups were statistically significant (P

Objective To investigate short-term clinical efficacy of autologous leukocyte-poor platelet-rich plasma(LP-PRP) treatment of knee osteoarthritis(KOA). Methods 85 cases of patients with Keligren Lawrence grade Ⅰ-Ⅲ knee osteoarthritis in Peking University First Hospital Taiyuan Hospital (Taiyuan Central Hospital) from 2022 to 2023 were collected for autologous LP-PRP collection and quality assessment using a blood component separator, and all patients were treated with autologous LP-PRP. The degree and function of knee pain were assessed by visual analog scale(VAS) and knee arthritis index scale(WOMAC) at 1, 3 and 6 months after injection. Knee MRI was performed after 6 months of treatment, and the MRI imaging changes before and after treatment were compared. Different influencing factors in the treatment results were grouped and analyzed, mainly including platelet concentration in LP-PRP and K-L grading of knee joint. According to the platelet concentration in LP-PRP, it was divided into three grades, which are low concentration[(1 000)×109/L]; According to the K-L grade of the knee joint, the severity of knee osteoarthritis was divided into three grades: Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ. Results The VAS and WOMAC scores at 1, 3 and 6 months after LP-PRP treatment were significantly lower than those before treatment, and the difference was statistically significant (P

To meet the design requirements of multi-band and miniaturization antennas in mobile communication system， combined with the structural advantages of metamaterials， a 2D/3D tunable dual-band paper-based metamaterial antenna was designed based on origami technique. In order to illustrate the characteristics of the paper-based antenna， such as easy processing， low cost， and easy carrying， prototype antennas were fabricated by coating conductive silver on different paper-based materials. The simulation and measured results show that the antenna can operate at 2.45 GHz and 1.40 GHz in 2D and 3D states respectively， and the operating frequency band can be controlled by adjusting the folding angle of the inner ring. In addition， the radiation patterns of 2D and 3D antennas were studied respectively. The main radiation direction of the 2D antenna is perpendicular to the plane of the antenna， while the main radiation direction of the 3D antenna is controlled by the folding angle of the inner ring. The paper-based metamaterial antenna provides new ideas for antenna design to achieve switchable operating frequency bands and has a wide application in portable mobile terminal and multi-band communication.

This study focused on the effluent from the secondary sedimentation tank of a municipal wastewater treatment plant in a southern city of China. The degradation effect of the advanced oxidation section and the bioactive carbon section of the system on the epileptic drug carbamazepine was evaluated by constructing an integrated pilot system with electrocatalytic ozonation+bioactivated carbon(E-H2O2/O3-BAC) as the core process. The bacterial community compositions of effluent from the different sections of the process were further analyzed. The results showed that the removal efficiencies of carbamazepine by the individual O3 process and the E-H2O2/O3 process were 95% and 90%, respectively. After passing through the BAC stage, the removal efficiency of carbamazepine exceeded 99% for both processes. The predominant potentially pathogenic bacterial genera detected in the sand-filtered effluent included Arcobacter, Pseudarcobacter, Bacteroides, Legionella, and Flavobacterium. The relative abundances of these genera exhibited significant changes (p

ObjectiveTo evaluate the correlation between ultrasound ossification ratio(OR) and exercise intensity among adolescents.MethodsThis cross-sectional study used stratified sampling to select adolescents aged 11-15 years from a sports school and some ordinary middle schools in Shandong Province in June 2023. The participants were divided into two groups: competitive sports group (high exercise intensity), and general sports group (moderate exercise intensity), based on their exercise intensity. Ultrasound images of long bones from nine body regions (including 3 upper limb bones and 6 lower limb bones) were collected for both groups. Two sonographers interpreted the images and calculated the ultrasound OR values (the ratio of ossification center length to epiphyseal length on the standard ultrasound section). The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to assess the consistency of image interpretation between the observers. Differences in ultrasound OR values between the two groups were compared, and multivariate Logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the correlation between ultrasound OR values and exercise intensity.ResultsA total of 252 adolescents who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were included, with 154 in the competitive sports group (97 males and 57 females) and 98 in the general sports group (52 males and 46 females). The median height and average daily exercise duration were significantly higher in the competitive sports group than in the general sports group (all P < 0.001). The overall ICC for the interpretation of ultrasound OR values of long bones at 9 sites in 50 adolescents by the two sonographers was 0.930 (range: 0.853-0.964), indicating excellent inter-observer consistency. The medial femoral ultrasound OR values were higher in the competitive sports group than in the general sports group for both males and females (males: 0.87±0.07 vs. 0.84±0.04, P=0.025; females: 0.90±0.06 vs.0.85±0.14, P=0.027). Additionally, the differences in ultrasound OR values between the groups were observed in the lateral femoral and fibular bones in males and the radial bone in females (all P < 0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the reciprocal of the medial femoral ultrasound OR value was correlated with exercise intensity (OR=0.046, 95% CI: 0.012-0.145, P=0.043), indicating that a decrease of 0.1 in the reciprocal of the medial femoral ultrasound OR value (equivalent to an increase of approximately 0.05-0.10 in the ultrasound OR value) was associated with a 2.17-fold increase in the likelihood of high-intensity exercise.ConclusionsThe medial femoral ultrasound OR value was correlated with exercise intensity among adolescents. This indicator may serve as an objective imaging parameter for assessing whether adolescent exercise meets recommended standards.

ObjectiveTo research on area ossification ratio (AOR), a novel parameter for quantitatively assessing adolescent bone age by conventional ultrasonography, and evaluate the correlation between AOR and radiographic bone age.MethodsThe study selected healthy adolescents from a middle school in Shandong Province in June 2023. Ultrasonic images were collected from five anatomical sites (the styloid process of the ulna, the styloid process of the radius, the lateral epicondyle of the femur, the medial condyle of the tibia, and the posterior median sagittal plane of the tibia). The second ossification center and epiphyseal area on these 2D ultrasound images were delineated to calculate AOR. This ratio was then compared with radiographic bone age measured by Greulich-Pyle (GP) atlas. Inter- and intra-observer consistency was evaluated using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and the Bland-Altman method.ResultsA total of 179 healthy adolescents (109 males and 70 females) were included. For both genders, AOR of each site exhibited a significant to high correlation with radiological bone age (r=0.60~0.91). The sum of the AORs of the five sites showed a high correlation with radiological bone age (males: r=0.95, females: r=0.87). Measurements of AOR by different doctors and the same doctor at different times demonstrated high repeatability (inter-observer: ICC=0.926, P < 0.001, intra-observer: ICC=0.954, P < 0.001).ConclusionsThe sum of AORs in adolescents is highly correlated with radiographic bone age, and the measurement method shows high repeatability. The AOR is a reliable parameter for the ultrasonic quantitative assessment of bone age in adolescents.

With the large-scale integration of wind power into the grid, the inertia and disturbance resistance of the power system are gradually declining, leading to an increasingly prominent frequency stability issue. An adaptive frequency support control strategy for wind farms based on rotor kinetic energy is proposed. Firstly, a participation factor is proposed, which determines the degree of wind farm participation in frequency support based on the average rotor speed of the wind farm and adaptively adjusts the inertia response parameters and frequency droop control parameters of wind farms. Based on the real-time available rotor kinetic energy of wind turbines, the frequency modulation power of wind farms is dynamically allocated. The frequency support ability of wind turbines with more rotor kinetic energy is fully utilized and excessive participation of low-speed wind turbines is avoided in frequency modulation. After the frequency support is completed, a staged rotor speed recovery method is used to restore the rotor speed of the wind turbines. Simulation results show that the proposed strategy can adaptively adjust the active output power based on the operating status of the wind farms and the available rotor kinetic energy of the wind turbines while achieving effective support for the system frequency and avoiding secondary frequency drop.

Rock blasting technology is crucial for national economic development, particularly resource extraction and infrastructure construction. This paper explores the constitutive relationships in rock blasting, proposing three evolutionary stages: constitutive relationships 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0. These stages focus on contradictory relationships, energy balance, and minimum action theory, respectively. Constitutive relationship 1.0 centers on the interaction between rock and explosive impact loads, emphasizing the offense–defense dynamic. It analyzes the dynamic mechanical response of rock materials under explosive and impact loads, highlighting the conflict and balance between the explosive force and the rock resistance. This stage provides fundamental insights into the behavior of rock materials under high-stress conditions. Constitutive relationship 2.0 approaches the problem from an energy perspective. It treats rocks with significant anisotropy, joints, fractures, bedding, and cavities as complex structural materials. This stage studies the dynamic equilibrium between load input energy and the energy required to destroy the material. By understanding the relationship between structural strength, input energy, dissipated energy, and releasable strain energy, researchers can better predict the response of complex rock structures to explosive loads and improve blasting efficiency. Constitutive relationship 3.0 examines the propagation laws of stress waves under explosive loads and their relationship with medium damage effects. This stage focuses on optimizing energy propagation paths based on the minimum action theory, aiming to maximize the effectiveness of the explosive force while minimizing unwanted damage to the surrounding rock mass. These theories not only reveal the mechanical behavior of rocks under different load conditions but also provide a theoretical basis for optimizing blasting design and improving blasting outcomes. In addition to these theoretical advancements, the integration of artificial intelligence and big data technologies offers a new approach to managing and predicting rock material performance. This paper proposes the concept of rock material engineering genes, which involves establishing a rock gene library to systematically manage the physical and mechanical parameters of rocks. By constructing performance prediction models using advanced data analytics and machine learning algorithms, this approach enhances the accuracy of predicting how different rock types will respond to various engineering applications. Such a comprehensive database has significant implications for resource extraction, geological disaster prevention, and infrastructure construction. The rock material gene library is expected to play an increasingly important role in mineral resource development, geological disaster prevention, and infrastructure construction, thereby promoting the development and application of engineering technology. Its integration with traditional blasting techniques can lead to more efficient and safer methods of rock blasting, ultimately contributing to the advancement of engineering practices and economic development of regions dependent on these technologies. This holistic approach underscores the importance of continued research and technological innovation in rock blasting and material science.

Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths. The current prevention and treatment situation remains critical. It is of scientific significance to explore new therapeutic agents for HCC. Objective To analyze the mechanism of wogonin on HCC by network pharmacology and to verify it in vitro. Methods The drug targets of wogonin were searched in TCMSP database, and the disease targets of HCC were collected from TTD, GenCard, OMIM, DisGent databases. The collected drug targets and disease targets were intersected as potential targets for drug intervention in diseases. R software was used for enrichment analysis of intersection targets, STRING database and Cytoscape software were used to construct protein interaction network and screen core targets. The core targets were further analyzed in GIEPA database. Finally, the preliminary analysis results were verified by in vitro experiments, including cell activity determination using CCK-8 kit, cell proliferation determination using plate clone formation experiment, cell migration determination using scoring test, protein expression level determination using Western-blotting (WB) assay. Results The AMDE characteristics of wogonin were found to be in accordance with the rules for small molecule drug formation and the toxicity analysis showed no toxicity. A total of 135 wogonin targets and 8 238 HCC targets were collected, and 113 targets were intersected. Through the analysis of the core genes of TOP10 screened by the constructed protein interaction network, it was found that the mRNA levels of CDK1 and SRC in liver cancer tissues were higher than those in normal liver tissues (P

Objective To conduct hazard vulnerability analysis(HVA) in a blood bank, aimed to identify high-risk events and optimize emergency management measures. Methods The risk event evaluation index system was established by referring to the Kaiser model and the situation of Guangzhou Blood Center, and risk events were ranked by risk matrix and Borda count. Results The top five events with the highest risk values identified by Kaiser model were information system emergencies (39.61%), extreme weather (38.03%), major public sentiment (37.86%), public health events (37.37%) and policy changes (37.24%). The results of risk matrix and Borda count revealed 1 extremely high-risk indicator as information system emergency, 5 high-risk indicators with the highest risk being major public sentiment, 11 medium-risk indicators with the highest risk being major medical disputes and 1 low-risk indicator as external fires. Conclusion Conducting HVA in combination with the actual situation of blood banks can effectively identify high-risk events and provide theoretical basis for improving emergency management measures.

In order to investigate the influence mechanism of temperature on the permeability of loose coal body in the process of spontaneous combustion of residual coal in the gob, the mathematical model of the permeability of coal body under different temperature conditions was established by considering the effects of temperature-induced adsorption deformation, thermal expansion deformation, thermal fission deformation and sliding effect, etc., and the parameters of the single influencing factors of the mathematical model of the permeability were controlled by the method of controlling variables to investigate the influence mechanism of the temperature change on the permeability of the loose coal body. Based on the principle of physical similarity, an experimental platform for loose coal seepage was designed and constructed, and anthracite coal from Chengzhuang Mine in Shanxi Province was selected as the experimental object, and air was used as the seepage gas to simulate the underground environment, so that gas transport experiments were carried out in the loose coal body under different temperature conditions (40-100 ℃), different injection pressures (0.3-0.5 MPa), and different permeability pressures (0.04-0.08 kPa). The mechanism of the influence of temperature change on the permeability of the loose coal body was investigated by mutual verification of the experimental and modeling results. The results show that: the permeability of loose coal body increases exponentially with the increase of gas pressure gradient; under the condition of the same pressure gradient, the permeability decreases gradually with the increase of temperature; the influence of the temperature on the permeability is small when it is from 40 ℃ to 60 ℃, and the change of the permeability is not obvious, and the permeability starts to decrease after 60 ℃, and the decrease of the permeability is more significant when it is from 90 ℃ to 100 ℃; under the influence of the slippage effect, the increase of the injection pressure inhibits the permeability of the coal body. Under different osmotic pressure conditions (0.04-0.08 kPa), the model values of the permeability of the loose coal body and the experimental values of the seepage flow are in high agreement. With the increase of temperature, adsorption deformation has an inhibitory effect on the permeability of the loose coal body, thermal cracking deformation and the slipping effect have a promotional effect on the permeability of the loose coal body, and the effect of the deformation of the thermal expansion on the permeability of the loose coal body is weak. Temperature affects the permeability of loose coal body through the combined effect of adsorption deformation, thermal cracking deformation and sliding effect.

To support the "people-centered" chronic disease health management work, Shanghai has developed a community chronic disease health management information system. This system provides an efficient tool for achieving integrated medical care and disease prevention, as well as collaborative management between doctors and patients, through functions such as information registration and management, risk assessment, chronic disease screening, patient evaluation, and categorized follow-up. It delivers comprehensive, precise, and high-quality health management services for various chronic diseases, effectively promoting the implementation of comprehensive chronic disease prevention and control strategies and the transformative development of chronic disease health management services. However, the system currently requires the inclusion of a broader range of chronic diseases and the enhancement of interactive integration between clinic-based doctor follow-ups and home-based self-management. Future improvements may include the integration of additional disease types and the fusion of complex interaction scenarios to continuously adapt to the new situations and challenges in chronic disease prevention and control.

[Objective] To establish a nondestructive detection method for fruit appearance. [Methods] Nectarines were used as the research subject. The IQQU3 smart phone camera was used to capture the picture data, which was then preprocessed. The image annotation program Labelimg was used to label the data. Panning, left-right flipping, and mirror flipping were used to enlarge the data. Using an ratio of 8∶2, the enlarged photos were split into training and test sets. Lastly, the data was trained for 150 epochs using five YOLOv8 models （n, s, m, l, x）. The training results of the five models were compared and analyzed in order to determine which detection model was the best. [Results] The nectarine dataset was constructed, there were 4,205 total photos; YOLOv8 （n, s, m, l, x） the total loss values in the training set were 2.275, 1.778, 1.482, 1.880, and 1.401, respectively, The total loss values of the test set were 2.724, 2.253, 2.057, 2.105, and 2.004, respectively; YOLOv8 （n, s, m, l, x） precision were 94.0%, 98.0%, 97.4%, 97.3%, 97.9%, respectively, The recall were 95.4%, 95.5%, 95.9%, 96.9%, and 96.9%, respectively. In a comprehensive comparison YOLOv8s was the better model, and the average detection accuracy mAP_0.5 was 97.8%. The average precision of fresh, bruise and scar were 96.2%, 98.8% and 98.4%, respectively. The inference time and calculation amount （GFLOPs） were 179.4 ms and 28.4 respectively. [Conclusion] YOLOv8 can effectively detect the quality of fruit appearance, which can be used for non-destructive testing of fruit appearance, and this study can provide new ideas for non-destructive testing of fruits.

Objective To construct a relationship model of emotional intelligence, psychological capital and professional identity by using structural equation model in probationer nursing students, explore the mechanism of interaction among them, and investigate the corresponding intervention measures in combination with the present situation of their emotional intelligence and psychological capital in order to improve their professional identity. Methods An anonymous survey was conducted on 308 probationer nursing students, with questionnaires including General Information Questionnaire, Wong and Law Emotional Intelligence Scale (WLEIS), and Psychological Capital Questionnaire (PCQ) and Professional Identity Questionnaire for Nurse Students (PIQNS). AMOS25.0 software was used to establish a structural equation model fitting the relationship of emotional intelligence, psychological capital and professional identity. Results There were positive correlations between each other among emotional intelligence, psychological capital and professional identity in the students (r=0.681~0.755, P

Depression is a severe emotional disorder characterized by persistent and prominent clinical symptoms, such as sadness and a loss of interest or pleasure. The pathogenesis of depression is intricate, and in recent years, investigations into the gut-brain axis theory have offered viable endogenous mechanisms for further exploration of depression. This theory is supported by evidence of disrupted gut microbiota, elevated inflammation markers, and deviant neurotransmitter levels in individuals with depression. Plant polysaccharides exhibit various biological activities and have been shown to modulate different metabolic pathways within the gut microbiota, thus impacting depression through the gut-brain axis. Nevertheless, a comprehensive summary of their mechanisms of action is currently lacking. Therefore, this study explores the potential antidepressant effects of plant polysaccharides by examining their regulation of short-chain fatty acids, lipopolysaccharides, and tryptophan metabolism within the gut microbiota and the gut-brain axis. Through a comprehensive analysis of recent literature, this article reviews the intricate relationships between various plant polysaccharides and their mechanisms in alleviating depression. It provides a theoretical basis for understanding how plant polysaccharides act as antidepressants and for developing resources for antidepressant polysaccharides.

In the context of global warming， the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau is altering atmospheric circulation through sensible heat absorption and latent heat release.This not only impacts the water and energy balance of the plateau's ecosystem but also plays a crucial role in regulating Asian and global climates.In order to explore the change characteristics and influencing factors of evapotranspiration in different regions of alpine grassland ecosystem on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau， and deepen understanding of plateau climate change and hydrological-ecological processes， based on the observed eddy and meteorological data in 2022， the variation characteristics and environmental influencing factors of actual evapotranspiration of alpine grassland ecosystems at the same altitude in Sijinlacuo （seasonal permafrost） and Tuotuo River （permafrost） on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau were compared and analyzed.The results show that： （1） Significant differences existed between environmental factors at these two sites， particularly in wind speed， air temperature， and precipitation.The wind speed at Tuotuo River station greatly exceeded that at Shijinlasuo station； annual average air temperature and precipitation were lower at Tuotuo River station.（2） The average hourly evapotranspiration of Sijinlacuo Station at night was higher than those recorded at Tuotuo River Station， however， this trend reverses during daytime hours.The variation characteristics of daily evapotranspiration at the two stations had a similar trend.The date of sharp increase and maximum of evapotranspiration at Sijinlacuo Station were earlier than those at Tuotuo River Station.The monthly evapotranspiration of the two stations were unimodal， with the maximum value appeared in July in summer and the smaller value appeared in December， January and February in winter.（3） Wind speed and ground radiation showed differing correlations with evaporation across both stations.Wind speed had a stronger correlation with evaporation at Tuotuo River Station due to higher wind speeds compared to weaker correlations observed for Sijinlasuo Station where winds were less intense.Conversely， ground radiation showed opposite correlations with evaporation between both locations.Air temperature， water vapor pressure， and atmospheric longwave radiation demonstrated strong correlations with evaporation across both locations while air humidity， saturated water vapor pressure difference， and precipitation displayed weaker associations.Precipitation exhibited the weakest correlation.（4） Although precipitation served as the primary source of evaporated water content， sources such as glacier melt water and thawing permafrost played significant roles as well on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau， resulting in subdued influence of precipitation on the evaporative process at both locations.These results contribute valuable insights into understanding regional variations in high-altitude grassland ecosystems' response to changing climatic conditions on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau.

Deep neural network-based video classification models enjoy widespread use because of their superior performance on visual tasks. However, with its broad-based application comes a deep-rooted concern about its security aspect. Recent research signals highlight these models’ high susceptibility to deception by adversarial examples. These adversarial examples, subtly laced with humanly imperceptible noise, escape the scope of human detection while posing a substantial risk to the integrity and security of these deep neural network constructs. Considerable research has been directed toward image-based adversarial examples, resulting in notable advances in understanding and combating such adversarial attacks within that scope. However, video-based adversarial attacks highlight a different landscape of complexities and challenges. The nuances of motion information, temporal coherence, and frame-to-frame correlation introduce a multidimensional battlefield, necessitating purpose-built solutions. The most straightforward implementation of adversarial attacks uses the fast gradient sign method (FGSM). Unfortunately, FGSM attacks lack several respects: the attack success rates are far from satisfactory, they are frequently easily identifiable, and their stealth measures do not pass muster in rigorous environments. Therefore, this study introduces a novel nonlinear conjugate gradient attack method inspired by the nonlinear conjugate gradient descent method. By relaxing the search step size constraints to comply with the strong Wolfe conditions, we aimed to maintain pace with the increasing loss value of our objective function. This critical enhancement helps maintain the trajectory of each iteration’s search direction and the simultaneous increase in the loss value, thereby yielding more consistent results, which ensures that our attack method can achieve a high attack success rate and concealment after each iteration. Further invigorating testament to our approach’s efficacy came through experimental results on the UCF101 dataset, underlining an impressive 91% attack success rate when the perturbation upper limit is 3/255. Our method consistently and markedly outshone the FGSM in attack success rates across various perturbation thresholds—even as it offered superior stealth. More critically, it allowed us to strike an effective balance between the attack success rate and runtime, a potent recipe for a disruptive contribution to the fraternity of adversarial attacks in video classification models. This adversarial attack method considers generating video adversarial examples from an optimization perspective. This represents a step forward in the ongoing drive to develop robust, reliable, and efficient techniques to understand adversarial attacks, specifically for deep neural network-based video classification models.

To solve the problem of poor thermal stability of the current D-allulose 3-epimerase (DAEase), the ancestor sequences of DAEase with different catalytic domains were reconstructed by big data mining, reasonable modification and ancestor sequence reconstruction (ASR) strategy under the guidance of phylogenetic information. The expression vectors of the ancestor sequences were constructed, and DAEase A13 with significantly enhanced thermal stability was screened by recombinant expression and molecular docking, and its enzymatic properties were characterized. In addition, the molecular mechanism of thermal stability enhancement of DAEase A13 was revealed based on structural analysis and molecular dynamics. The results showed that the half-life of A13 constructed based on ASR strategy could reach 8.4 h at 70 ℃, indicating that its thermal stability was significantly enhanced compared with that of wild-type (WT) enzyme. The maximum conversion rate of A13 reached 31%, indicating that the catalytic activity of A13 was slightly higher than that of WT enzyme. The structural and molecular dynamics analysis revealed that the increase in hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interaction in ASR A13 was the main factor responsible for maintaining the stability of the enzyme's molecular structure at high temperatures. The results showed that ASR strategy could modify DAEases to enhance the stability, activity or hybridity, which could provide superior biocatalyst sources for various industrial applications of functional sugars.

In this study, soybean oil bodies were used as raw materials and emulsifiers to prepare soybean oil body complex emulsions by ultrasonication, to optimise the ultrasonication conditions and to use the oil body complex emulsions for the transport of fat-soluble bioactives. The mechanism of ultrasonic treatment to enhance the stability of oil-body complex emulsions was revealed through the study of the physicochemical properties of the emulsions. The effect of oil-body complex emulsions on the transport of β-carotene was also examined. As a result, soybean oil body complex emulsion was successfully prepared by ultrasonication, and the oxidative and storage stability of the emulsion was best at a power of 450 W (10 min). At this time, the average particle size of emulsion was 1537 nm, and the shape of droplets was round and evenly distributed. The results of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy indicated that the ultrasound-induced cavitation effect increased the physical forces, such as turbulence and shear forces. This caused partial unfolding of the protein polypeptide chains in oil bodies, leading to the rearrangement of hydrogen bond networks within the proteins. Consequently, the protein secondary structure changed: The relative content of α-helix structures decreased and the relative content of β-sheet structures increased. The electrophoresis results showed that there were no significant changes in the composition of protein subunits. But with the ultrasound intensity increased, the adsorption of extrinsic proteins at the droplet interface was enhanced. The results of storage stability showed that ultrasonic treatment (450 W) could inhibit the generation of oxidation products and improved the oxidation stability of emulsions. The soybean oil body-β-carotene emulsions could be successfully prepared by ultrasonic treatment, and the encapsulation rate of β-carotene was the highest (94.9%) at 450 W, and the retention rate was 81.8% after 11 days of room temperature storage. This study provides insights into the application of soybean oil bodies as emulsifiers for the delivery of fat-soluble bioactive substances.

Metallic magnetic calorimeters are a class of low-temperature particle detectors based on calorimetry，utilizing metallic paramagnetic temperature sensors to convert the temperature rise of an absorber upon the absorption of incident particle energy into a change in magnetic flux，which detected by a superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID). This process enables high-resolution measurements of radiation with exceptional precision. However，metallic magnetic calorimeter signals are inherently weak and highly susceptible to noise，making the extraction of pulse amplitude a significant challenge. Digital signal processing (DSP) plays a crucial role in the data processing of metallic magnetic calorimeter by employing digital filtering techniques to shape the signals and enhance energy resolution. This paper introduces a data acquisition system for metallic magnetic calorimeter based on a field-programmable gate array (FPGA)，designed for high-speed signal acquisition，real-time control，signal processing，and display of spectra through an upper computer. Testing of the system yielded successful acquisition of both Co-60 spectra data and noise spectrum of metallic magnetic calorimeter. The linear correlation coefficient of R2 reached 0.9781，demonstrates the system’s effective signal acquisition capability. In offline mode，the shaping effects and energy resolution enhancement of traditional nuclear detector signals，simulated，and actual metallic magnetic calorimeter signals were compared using three filtering methods: trapezoidal，cusp，and gaussian filtering. The cusp filter proved to be the most effective，significantly improving the energy resolution of high-purity germanium spectra from 0.598 keV to 0.536 keV. This enhancement validates the correctness of digital signal processing and provides a reliable basis for the selection of digital filtering methods for metallic magnetic calorimeter. In summary，our research presents a comprehensive approach to metallic magnetic calorimeter signal acquisition and processing，highlighting the potential of digital signal processing to overcome the problem of the extraction of weak signals submerged in strong noise. The FPGA-based data acquisition system developed in this study offers an efficient solution for high-resolution radiation measurements.

Based on traditional alpha radiation detection technology for detecting nearby distances，using the principle of alpha radiation particles inducing air fluorescence，remote measurement of alpha radiation activity can be achieved. By establishing a model for alpha activity measurement based on point sources，and using photomultiplier tubes to measure the photons induced by alpha radiation，an empirical formula relating the source activity to the net photon counting rate of the photomultiplier tube was developed. The study investigated the factors influencing fluorescence conversion efficiency by changing radiation sources of different energies，altering media，and varying pressures. The results showed that the fluorescence conversion efficiency of 241Am source in air to be 3.24×10−6 -7.83×10−6. Sources with higher energy exhibit higher fluorescence conversion efficiency. Pressure shows a linear positive correlation with fluorescence conversion efficiency. Among air，nitrogen，and argon，argon gas was found to effectively enhance the fluorescence efficiency The empirical formula can be used for calculating the activity of radioactive sources. Investigating the factors influencing fluorescence conversion efficiency provides data references for improving the efficiency and accuracy of remote α radiation detection.

China is one of the countries in the world with the most frequent occurrence of continental earthquakes and the greatest impacts of earthquake disasters. In particular, the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is a region characterized by a wide spatial distribution of continental earthquakes, shallow epicenters, complex seismic origins, and significant disaster losses, making it highly susceptible to seismic events. The need for seismic geological survey is becoming increasingly urgent in this area. Based on regional geological eological data，high-precision satellite remote sensing images and DEM elevation data，this paper interprets the active faults in the region of Xigaze. The results show that the active faults in the Xigaze area are mainly concentrated in the rift valleys and their periphery, with tectonic activity varying spatially. The tectonic activity of active faults in the eastern rift is stronger than that in the western rifts. Additionally，the tectonic activity of active faults in each rift also shows a clear segmentation feature. At the same time, this paper comprehensively considers the characteristics of active faults, topography and geomorphology and stratigraphic lithology in the Xigaze area. It preliminarily evaluates the potential risk of earthquake disasters in 204 towns under its jurisdiction. The results show that there are 57 towns with “extremely high risk” “high risk” and “high-medium risk” of earthquake disasters, accounting for about 28% of the total number of towns in the region.

Objective To systematically analyze and identify key risk factors for postoperative pulmonary hemorrhage using a combination of the random forest (RF) model and traditional logistic regression analysis, so as to provide data support for clinical practice. Methods This study included patients who underwent needle biopsy of lung masses from January 2020 to December 2023 in the Department of Interventional Therapy, Cancer Hospital, Tianjin Medical University. There were 844 cases, including 387 males and 457 females, ranging in age from 39 to 82 years. Clinical data and puncture-related characteristics were collected, including tumor size, puncture depth, puncture angle, presence of emphysema, lesion location in the lung, body position during puncture, whether the puncture passed through the interlobar fissure, and the number of punctures. The RF model was used to rank the importance of all variables, identifying those with the highest predictive value. Subsequently, a multivariate logistic regression model was applied to the top-ranked important variables to further evaluate their independent impact on postoperative pulmonary hemorrhage. Results The RF model results showed that tumor size and puncture depth had the highest importance in predicting the risk of postoperative pulmonary hemorrhage. Multivariate logistic regression analysis further confirmed that smaller tumor size (HR:0.980, 95% CI:0.971-0.989, P

Objective To analyze the clinical outcomes of a patient with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura(TTP) as the starting performance who was considered as systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE) under multiple abnormal autoantibodies, and summarize the treatment experience through the clinical outcomes of plasma exchange combined with high-does steroid pulse therapy. Methods A middle-aged female patient presented with initial symptoms of fever, bleeding and hemolytic thrombocytopenia. Laboratory tests showed decreased activity of thrombospondin type 1 motif no.13(ADAMT13) and abnormal autoantibodies. The diagnosis was considered SLE with TTP, and the patient underwent continuous plasma exchange combined with high-dose steroid pulse therapy. The patient's platelet recovery was dynamically observed. Results The patient responded well to plasma exchange combined with high-does steroid pulse therapy, with platelet count raising to normal in a short period of time and hormone gradually decreasing. There was no recurrence during the follow-up period. Conclusion TTP combined with lupus is not common, but when both occur simultaneously, plasma exchange combined with high-does steroid pulse therapy may effectively alleviate symptoms. This treatment approach can serve as a valuable reference for similar clinical cases.

ObjectivesAs an important support for the new power system, hydrogen gas turbines can help reduce carbon emissions and are conducive to grid peak regulation. They are the focus of technological innovation in the global future strategic emerging industries. Many key issues faced by hydrogen blending gas turbine power generation technology from demonstration to commercialization, need to be solved.MethodsH-class gas turbines were taken as the research object, and the strategic planning and demonstration projects of hydrogen blending gas turbine power generation in China and abroad were introduced, and the technology routes of H-class gas turbines of major gas turbine manufacturers were compared. The analysis and suggestion was made from four aspects for the scale application of future hydrogen blending gas turbine power generation technology, including hydrogen source, system transformation, emission impact and hydrogen blending power generation cost.ResultsRenewable energy electrolysis of water to produce hydrogen will be the main source of hydrogen blending gas turbine power generation. In addition, the development of new dry low nitrogen oxide burners, which are suitable for unstable combustion of hydrogen blending, will be the key direction for future hydrogen blending gas turbine system transformation. The higher the hydrogen volume percentage is, the greater the CO2 emission reduction is. However, the NOx emission is on an upward trend. Moreover, there is a risk of exceeding the standard value, and the future cost of hydrogen blending gas turbine power generation can reach the same level as the cost of natural gas power generation.ConclusionsWith the reduction of the cost of large-scale renewable energy hydrogen production, and the implementation of carbon tax and the maturity of hydrogen blending power generation technology, the gas turbine hydrogen blending power generation will gradually enter large-scale application.

As the turbine inlet temperatures of aero engines continue to rise， there is an urgent need to develop a new generation of single-crystal superalloys and their thermal protective coatings for turbine blades. In order to meet the stringent requirements for the comprehensive performance of high-temperature structural materials in the complex service environments of aero engines， the intelligent design research of single crystal superalloys and thermal protection coatings has been gradually carried out at home and abroad in recent years under the promotion of material integrated computational engineering and material informatics. This paper reviews the latest research progress in the design of novel single-crystal superalloys and thermal protective coatings by utilizing multi-scale computational simulations and machine learning methods. The findings confirm that multi-scale computational simulations offer robust theoretical support for understanding the strengthening and toughening mechanisms of single-crystal superalloys， as well as the oxidation resistance and diffusion protective mechanisms of thermal protective coatings. Additionally， the study highlights the reliability and significant potential of machine learning in constructing intrinsic "composition-structure-property" relationship for high-temperature structural materials. This approach paves an intelligent and efficient new pathway for the rapid development of next-generation high-temperature single-crystal superalloys and thermal protective coatings.

【Objective】 The cultivation of soybeans has increased in China and to assess the potential influence of this on agricultural water usage, we analysed the spatiotemporal variation in its water requirements across the whole country. 【Method】 The analysis was based on meteorological data measured from 1971 to 2020 in main soybean production regions. Water requirement of soybean in each region was calculated using crop coefficient and the potential evapotranspiration. The Mann-Kendall trend test method and the rescaled range method were used to analyze spatiotemporal variation in water requirement and water deficit of the soybean, for both current conditions and projected future scenarios. 【Result】 The average water requirement and water deficit of soybeans during their growth period across the country were 382 mm and 111 mm, respectively. However, these values exhibited significant spatial variability. The arid and semi-arid areas in the North, as well as the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the Loess Plateau are particularly susceptible to drought and water shortage. The average water deficit across various regions in the country ranged from 30 mm to 344 mm. Drought and water shortage have been worsening in some regions, which include the Eastern arid and semi-arid regions in Northern China, the Southern Northeast plain, the Western Huang-Huai-Hai plain, the Southern Yunnan-Guizhou plateau, the Southern region in the Northeast plain, the Western Huang-Huai-Hai plain, the Southern Yunnan-Guizhou plateau, specially in the Southern Yunnan-Kweichow Plateau. Furthermore, drought and water shortages in the Eastern arid and semi-arid regions in Northern China, the Southwest of the Yunnan-Guizhou plateau, and the Western Qinghai-Tibet Plateau are expected to Worsen. A potential water shortage crisis is anticipated in the Western Huang-Huai-Hai region, the Southeast of the Yunnan-Guizhou plateau, and the Northern, middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. 【Conclusion】 Our analysis indicates that drought and water shortage for soybean production in the South of the Northeast Plain, Western Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, and the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River are predicted to intensify. Therefore, enhancing water-saving measures is essential for sustaining water resource use in these regions for soybean production.

【Objective】 Micro-pressure filters are important components in micro-drip irrigation systems and their performance depends on many factors. In this paper, we study the impact of the distributor and water flow rate on water flow field within the filters. 【Method】 The study was based on numerical analysis. We used the software Fluent to simulate water flow in the filters under flow rates ranging from 5 to 17 m3/h, both with or without the water distributor. 【Result】 The standard k-ε turbulence model and the Volume of Fluid (VOF) model effectively simulated water flow fields within the filters. Without the water distributor, a dead water zone developed on either side of the front end of the filter screen, with its extent expanded as the flow rate increased. The maximum velocity was at the centre of the inlet connecting pipe, creating a velocity gradient shaped like an inverted cone within the filter screen. A high-pressure zone was developed at the bottom of the filter chamber, with its area decreasing with increasing flow rate. Adding a water distributor increased head loss, generated vortices, and reduced the dead water area. While the distribution of maximum water flow and pressure with and without the distributor was comparable, the distributor mitigated the influence of flow rate on velocity and pressure distributions in the filters. 【Conclusion】 The overall distribution patterns of velocity and pressure in the filters remained consistent across different flow rates. Adding a water distributor enhanced the flow field, improved filter screen use, and increased the efficiency of water inlet and outlet. These findings provide valuable insights for future research on optimizing water flow and improving the structural design of micro-pressure filters.

The management of solid waste pollution in the Yangtze River Economic Belt is crucial for the ecological environment protection and restoration campaign. In order to gain a deep understanding of solid waste management and carbon emissions along the river, this study conducts quantitative analyses on the generation characteristics, treatment and disposal features, and comprehensive environmental impacts (in terms of carbon emissions) of typical solid wastes such as domestic waste and municipal sludge. The analyses are based on data from statistical analysis and model prediction methods. The results indicate that in 2022, the total generation of domestic waste and municipal sludge in the provinces and cities along the Yangtze River was approximately 105 million tons and 5.08 million tons, respectively. It is projected to reach approximately 122 million tons and 6.46 million tons by 2025, with Jiangsu Province having the largest total generation (approximately 25.85 million tons and 1.74 million tons for domestic waste and municipal sludge, respectively). The downstream areas showed the largest gaps (approximately 13.20 million tons and 1.63 million tons). Incineration is the primary disposal method for both domestic waste and municipal sludge, accounting for around 76.1% and 77.8% on average, respectively. The total carbon emissions from domestic waste and municipal sludge are estimated to reach 22.89 million tons and 90.21 million tons, respectively, with unit emission intensities of approximately 0.24 CO_(2-eq) t/ t and 2.21 CO_(2-eq) t/ t. Based on the generation characteristics and carbon emission intensities of domestic waste and municipal sludge in various provinces and cities along the Yangtze River Economic Belt, this paper proposes optimization management recommendations to promote low-carbon treatment and disposal of solid waste in the Yangtze River Economic Belt.

BackgroundPatients with schizophrenia of Yangming Fushi syndrome experience more severe symptoms， and a substantial proportion of patients derive inadequate benefit from antipsychotics and suffer from serious adverse effects， yet few studies have been conducted on the treatment of schizophrenia of Yangming Fushi syndrome with Zengye Chengqi decoction.ObjectiveTo explore the efficacy of Zengye Chengqi decoction combined with olanzapine in the treatment of schizophrenia of Yangming Fushi syndrome， in order to provide references for the treatment of schizophrenia with the combination of traditional Chinese and western medicine.MethodsA total of 60 patients attending the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical College from January 2022 to August 2023 and fulfilling the International Classification of Diseases （ICD-10） diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia were enrolled， and assigned into study group （n=30） and control group （n=30） using random number table methods. All patients were treated with olanzapine， and study group was given Zengye Chengqi decoction on this basis. Treatment for both groups lasted for 4 weeks. All participants were assessed using Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale （PANSS）， Montreal Cognitive Assessment （MoCA） and Event-Related Potential P300 at baseline and end of treatment. The occurrence of adverse reactions was recorded at the end of treatment.ResultsStudy group reported a higher treatment effective rate compared with control group （χ2=9.320， P=0.002）. After treatment， study group detected a significant reduction in PANSS subscales and total scores （F=10.287， 8.258， 8.844， 20.079， P

BackgroundBipolar disorder is a severe mental disorder characterized by cycling between mania/hypomania and depression， yet its underlying pathophysiological mechanism remains unclear. Several prior studies have suggested a potential role for voltage-gated calcium channel subunit genes in the etiology of bipolar disorder， particularly in their influence on brain structure.ObjectiveTo investigate the differences in grey matter volume （GMV） for individuals with bipolar disorder compared to healthy controls， and to explore the potential influence of calcium channel voltage-dependent T-type α1 G subunit （CACNA1G） rs757415 polymorphism on GMV in bipolar disorder and clarify the specific brain regions associated with this genetic variation， thus offering a new opportunity to gain insight into the pathophysiological mechanism of bipolar disorder.MethodsA cohort of 289 patients who met the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders， fourth edition （DSM-IV） criteria for bipolar disorder were selected for participation. These patients were either admitted to hospital or examined in outpatient clinic for bipolar disorder at the Mental Health Center of West China Hospital， Sichuan University between September 2013 and December 2022. Another 322 healthy individuals were concurrently recruited as a control group from Sichuan University and surrounding communities. All participants underwent brain imaging using a 3.0 T magnetic resonance scanner to acquire data on GMV. Additionally， the presence of the CACNA1G rs757415 polymorphism was validated using the imLDRTM technique. Spearman correlation analysis was utilized to investigate potential relationship between abnormal brain regions identified through GMV data and clinical characteristics of the patients. Then the genotype-by-diagnosis interaction effect for CACNA1G rs757415 on GMV was observed using the full factor method.ResultsThe study successfully enrolled 173 patients with bipolar disorder and 207 healthy controls who completed all the necessary procedures. Analyses revealed decreased GMV for patients with bipolar disorder compared to healthy controls in the left cerebellar declive extending to cerebellar anterior/posterior lobe， fusiform gyrus， parahippocampal gyrus and inferior occipital gyrus （t=5.664， P

Objective To address the challenges associated with the manual layout and point selection of S+T (standard rings+turning rings (double-sided wedges)) in shield tunnel segments, including high subjectivity, complex calculations, and heavy repetitive workload, a research is carried out focusing on algorithm development to resolve practical engineering issues. Method An automatic layout, assembly selection, prediction algorithm and software are developed for S+T in tunnel segments. Referring to mature construction experience, segment layout plan is calculated based on tunnel alignment and segment turning angles, and segment layout calculation automation is achieved. The calculation and decision-making methods of S+T segment types are proposed with comprehensive consideration of tunnel alignment, shield tail clearance, hydraulic cylinder stroke, and shield machine trends, enabling the automatic selection and assembly of segment points. Furthermore, by establishing a relationship between shield posture changes and variations in shield tail clearance and cylinder stroke, the algorithm can predict the S+T assembly points and segment types for the two future rings. Result & Conclusion The research results are successfully applied to Guangzhou Metro Line 12, significantly improving the efficiency of on-site S+T layout and selection, reducing labor costs, and optimizing the shield tunnel construction process.

Objective The shape of the land subsidence grooves during double-line shield construction varies with the clear distance and buried depth of the tunnel. Thus, it is necessary to conduct an in-depth study on the evolution mechanism of the subsidence groove with clear distance and buried depth. Method Based on the double-line shield project between Xiaonanjie Station and Renmin Park Station of Chengdu Line 17, numerical simulation is used to analyze the shape change process of the subsidence groove in the double-line shield construction under different clear distance-buried depth combination working conditions. Based on the double-line land subsidence formula, the values of each item in each working condition are fitted, and the shape criterion S of the subsidence groove is proposed. Result & Conclusion Peck formula and Liu Bo formula can express the simulated monitoring results of land subsidence well. When S∈0.319, 0.536), the subsidence groove is in a V-shape; when S∈0.536, 0.783), the subsidence groove is in a U-shape; when S∈0.783, 1.120), the subsidence groove is in a shallow W-shape; when S∈1.120, 3.873), the subsidence groove is in an asymmetric shallow W-shape; when S≥3.873, the subsidence groove is in a double V-shape or a double W-shape. When the buried depth of the tunnel is 1D (D is the tunnel diameter) and the clear distance between the two tunnels is 2D to 3D, the ground near the middle line of the two tunnels will bulge, and with the increase of the clear distance, the range of the bulge will increase accordingly. On the ground directly above the center of the two tunnels, due to the effect of the shield tail grouting pressure, part of the subsidence is offset, resulting in a unique double W-shape of the subsidence groove in this area.

Objective Given the high operating speeds, minimal residual acceleration margin, and open-air track conditions of EMU (electric multiple units), as well as the deficiencies in conventional combination correction methods such as poor accuracy in criterion extraction and significant torque adjustment losses. It is aimed to optimize EMU adhesion utilization by analyzing and improving speed acquisition, fault identification, criterion extraction, and torque adjustment. Method A segmented T-method and median filtering method for speed acquisition is employed, and faulty speed data is identified and substituted to reduce the impact of speed interference/faults on adhesion control. The acceleration difference impact rate is used instead of impact rate and the differentiator is substituted with a high-pass filter to minimize the impact of complex track surface conditions on adhesion criterion extraction. For torque adjustment, it latches the torque at the previous wheel slip/skid trigger moment and uses this as a reference to calculate the reducing and increasing torque step sizes in real-time. The reducing and increasing step sizes are divided into 10 segments, executed from large to small to minimize torque losses. The feasibility of these methods is verified through experiments using a type of EMU as example. Result & Conclusion Experimental results demonstrate that during the entire acceleration and deceleration process of anti-slip and anti-skid tests, the deviation of the axle speed from the reference speed is limited. Torque adjustments do not exhibit significant repeated fluctuations, resulting in relatively less train impact. The traction and braking test data calculation analysis show that the adhesion utilization rates of traction anti-slip and braking anti-skid are both greater than 90%, effectively improving adhesion utilization.

The solar-driven interfacial evaporation （SDIE） can efficiently convert liquid water into steam using solar energy， providing a foundation for the development of eco-friendly and cost-effective freshwater production technologies. The photothermal material is the key platform for energy conversion， and the generated heat can be directly used for evaporation. In recent years， significant efforts have been made to enhance the efficiency of solar-driven water evaporation. Numerous innovative solar-thermal materials have been employed to achieve controlled and efficient solar-thermal conversion to meet energy-water challenges ranging from the microscale to the molecular level. On this basis， the latest research progress in carbon-based photothermal materials for SDIE technology is reviewed， focusing on the design， synthesis， and application of graphene， carbon nanotubes， natural plant-based carbon materials， carbon-based composite materials， and other photothermal materials that are currently widely used in the field of SDIE. Research findings related to the evaporation water collection rate were summarized. This aims to provide a reference for designing low-cost， efficient light absorption， chemical stability， and reusable and broad-spectrum absorption SDIE devices for off-grid desalination. Finally， the future development prospects of carbon-based materials for SDIE combined with artificial intelligence， power generation， sterilization， and all-weather operation are envisioned， to achieve eco-friendly， efficient， and multi-purpose water treatment and purification technologies.

The Cu-12Al-4Ni-1Mn-xB（x=0%，0.1%，0.2%，0.3%，mass fraction，the same below） shape memory alloys were prepared by vacuum arc melting furnace after introducing trace boron element into the alloy. The influence of boron addition on the microstructure， phase transformation， and mechanical properties of the alloy was investigated. The results show that the addition of boron significantly refines the grain size， with the grain size decreasing from hundreds of microns to （11±3.45） μm. The phase transformation temperature shifts to the high-temperature side after boron is added， indicating that the phase transformation process requires higher thermal activation energy. When the boron content is 0.2%， the microhardness of the alloy is enhanced， from （301.7±2.6）HV without adding boron element to （334.3±3.4）HV， which is attributed to grain refinement and the precipitation of hard and brittle borides. The tensile fracture strength and elongation are greatly improved， with the fracture strength increasing from （320±2.6） MPa to （788±17） MPa， and the elongation increasing from （1.44±0.05）% to （3.74±0.12）%. After solid solution annealing， the fracture strength and the elongation are both further increased to （856±10.7）MPa and （5.78±0.16）%， respectively. Analysis indicates that grain refinement strengthening， precipitation strengthening of borides， and solid solution strengthening are the main mechanisms for the improvement of mechanical properties. The fracture mode of the alloy shifts from brittle fracture to ductile fracture.

Carbon nanomaterials are widely used in the treatment of water pollutants because of their structural characteristics such as large specific surface area， complex pore structure， and rich surface functional groups. This paper summarized the carbon sources and preparation methods of nanocarbon materials， analyzed the principles and influencing factors of nanostructure regulation of carbon materials， reviewed the research progress in nanocarbon adsorption of toxic pollutants in water， and put forward the bottlenecks that need to be broken through for the future industrial application of nanocarbon materials. Hydrothermal， pyrolysis and chemical vapor deposition are the common methods for the preparation of nanocarbon， and traditional carbon sources， such as sugars， petrochemicals， and biomass， can be used to obtain nanostructured carbon through the modulation of parameters such as preparation temperature and activator. Carbon nanotubes， carbon nanospheres， and nanoporous carbon have been developed for better contact with pollutants， thus exhibiting significant adsorption advantages for toxic pollutants such as phenols， benzenes， dyes， antibiotics， and heavy metal ions. In order to realize the wide application of nanocarbon adsorbent materials， further research is required to be carried out in the future on the development of green and efficient preparation process of nanocarbon， the exploration of the formation and evolution law of carbon structures， the design of macroscopic use scheme of nanocarbon， and the development of nanocarbon based composite materials.

The goal of time downscaling for numerical model precipitation forecast is to downscale the model precipitation forecast with lower time resolution to higher time resolution through statistical methods, which serve as an approximate substitution of model precipitation forecast with higher time resolution. Currently, the steps of split by point with cubic spline interpolation, position calibration, optical flow dynamic reconstruction, frequency matching, and total amount constraint by point (hereinafter referred to as"existing method") are applied to the existing time downscaling method for grid precipitation forecast. However, when applying them to uncalibrated numerical model precipitation forecast, the calibration steps are limited by the total precipitation amount constraint, leading to obviously unreasonable fluctuation in intensity for the generated precipitation forecast time downscaling product. Therefore, an improved time downscaling method for numerical model precipitation forecast is designed (hereinafter referred to as"improved method"). The"improved method"includes the steps of split by point based on piecewise cubic Hermite interpolation, pyramid LK optical flow dynamic reconstruction, and balanced total amount constraint by point, which does not depend on calibration with precipitation observation and retains the systematic deviation of the original model. In this study, the 1 h precipitation forecast field and the cumulative 3 h precipitation forecast field of the CMA-SH9 model from April to October 2020 were used as the validation field and input field of the numerical model precipitation forecast time downscaling method, respectively. The effects of time downscaling methods of simple split by point, "existing method", and"improved method"were evaluated, compared, and verified by the ideal model of a circular rain belt with constant speed and real case analysis. The results are as follows. (1) The 1 h precipitation forecast generated by the"improved method"is more balanced and reasonable in intensity distribution. The amplitude of fluctuation of average TS and BIAS for short-time heavy precipitation is only 27% and 9% of the"existing method", respectively. (2) The 1 h precipitation forecast generated by the"improved method"is more similar to the 1 h precipitation forecast field generated by the real numerical dynamic model. The average TS and BIAS improved by more than 13% and reduced by more than 31%, respectively, and the root mean square error generally reduced by 10% compared with the"existing method"in the ideal model. The improved numerical model time downscaling method for precipitation forecast meets the basic requirements of reasonable movement, reasonable intensity fluctuation, and total precipitation constraint at the same time, and can be generally used for time downscaling of any grid precipitation forecast.

In the context of globalization, the reconstruction of material spaces and the evolution of social relations have accelerated the loss of emotions in traditional villages. Intangible heritage can play an important role in the emotional maintenance of traditional villages as an emotional carrier for its residents. Previous studies have been less involved in the synergistic relationship between the interactive game of power subjects and the evolution of emotions in the practice of intangible heritage. Particularly, research on the evolution of the emotional exchange mode is insufficient. Taking the Dong minority chorus of Huangdu Village as an example, this study adopts qualitative research methods, such as semi-structured interviews and participant observation, to construct an analytical framework of "daily life practice-emotional exchange", and to deeply explore the evolution process and motivational mechanism of the emotional exchange mode in the daily life practice of traditional village residents. The study found that: 1) According to the changes in the subject and relationship, motive and mode, resource and situation, perception and experience of emotional exchange in the natural, livelihood, institutional, and spiritual dimensions, the daily life practice of Huangdu Village can be divided into four stages: primitive equilibrium, passive compromising, active resisting, and regenerating. 2) In the process of intangible cultural heritage practices, the manipulation of capital and the suppression of power have broken the original balance of Huangdu Village, and the division of power and status among subjects has squeezed the living spaces of local residents, forcing them to become involved in power struggles. They resist the control of the "other" by means of physical empowerment and restatement of the local subjectivity, and ultimately strike a balance of power within the village. In the daily practice of intangible cultural heritage, the mode of residents' emotional exchange changes from reciprocity to general negotiation and production modes. 3) Emotional exchanges in traditional villages are produced during power struggles between residents and other subjects. When power is balanced, residents master the discourse of intangible cultural heritage and produce positive emotions such as attachment and belonging. When residents are suppressed by power and capital, they gradually lose discourse and produce negative emotions, such as a sense of crisis and separation. 4) The evolution of emotional exchange modes in the daily practices of traditional village residents is systematic. The evolution of the outer system pushes the kernel system to adapt, and the driving, pulling, and supporting forces promote the synergistic evolution of "daily life―emotional exchange―intangible cultural heritage practice" in Huangdu village. The evolution of emotional exchange patterns during the practice of the Dong minority chorus in Huangdu Village was an inevitable process for reconstructing the cultural subjectivity of local residents in the context of tourism development. Exploring emotional exchange patterns at different stages of daily life practices can help understand the developmental law of traditional villages and provide useful references for its emotional governance and sustainable development.

The lagoon slopes of coral atolls, which connect reef flats to lagoon basins, are key geomorphic zones where sediments are physically sorted and transported. These areas are essential for understanding post-reef sedimentary processes and the broader evolutionary dynamics of atolls. However, the influence of the microtopographic features of lagoon slopes on sediment grain size distribution remains unclear. Sediment grain size is a sensitive indicator of environmental and climatic changes and provides valuable insights into sediment transport patterns and depositional environment reconstructions. The spatial distribution of grain size is influenced by the proximity to sediment sources, material availability, and surrounding geomorphological conditions. This study focused on the lagoon slopes of the Shuquan and Jiaojian Reefs in the Nansha Islands, where surface sediment samples were collected and analyzed for grain size, along with depth data and underwater microtopography. The results indicated the following: (1) Surface sediments in the lagoon slopes of the Shuquan and Jiaojian Reefs are predominantly composed of sand-sized particles, with minimal silt and fine gravel content. Specifically, Shuquan Reef sediments comprised 94.55% sand-sized particles, 4.18% fine gravel, and 0.61% silt; the S1-S1' transect contained 93.96% sand, 4.04% fine gravel, and 1.65% silt; and the S2-S2' transect consisted of 91.73% sand, 6.84% fine gravel, and 1.17% silt. (2) The grain size characteristics of lagoon sands were primarily governed by the proximity to sediment sources and hydrodynamic conditions. A significant negative correlation was observed between median grain size and water depth, with grain size decreasing as depth increased. Most lagoon sands originated from reef flats or lagoon slopes, reflecting the diminishing sorting capacity of oceanic wave energy as it moves toward the lagoon center. The grain size distribution curves of lagoon sands are generally unimodal or bimodal, with a trend toward negative skewness. In deeper waters, the curves became sharper, indicating a transition from low-energy to high-energy depositional environments, where finer particles were replaced by coarser ones. Geomorphological changes within the lagoon, particularly in the transition zone from the lagoon slope to the inner reef flat, played a critical role in the grain size distribution. The bimodal distribution in Shuquan Reef was mainly attributed to coarse particles from lagoon pinnacles, whereas in Jiaojian Reef, the bimodal distribution was influenced by reduced dynamic sorting due to seagrass root stabilization. By comparing these distinct reef systems, this study elucidated the impact of localized geomorphic features, such as pinnacles and seagrass beds, on sediment sorting mechanisms. Understanding the grain size characteristics and distribution patterns of sand in natural microtopographic settings on the lagoon slopes of atolls is crucial for the rational use and scientific management of resources, with significant implications for land reclamation and reef engineering projects.

Moringa oleifera is a perennial medicinal and edible plant, and polyphenols as one of its main active ingredients. This study reviews the current status of development of the polyphenol types and contents of different parts, polyphenol extraction methods, polyphenol efficacy, and polyphenol applications of Moringa oleifera. Additionally, the current research on the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiviral, anticancer, and hypoglycemic properties of polyphenols from Moringa oleifera is critically examined. The aim of this review is to provide a theoretical basis as well as new insights into the future research and applications of Moringa oleifera polyphenols.

Penaeus vannamei, also known as white foot shrimp, is globally one of the three high-yield shrimp farming varieties. The wild species is found along the Pacific coast of South America. Since 1988, China has introduced P. vannamei. Due to its strong environmental adaptability, high feed conversion rate, fast growth rate, and high tolerance to ammonia nitrogen and nitrite, it has been widely promoted in aquaculture. By 2021, the aquaculture output of P. vannamei in China reached 1.977 million tons, accounting for approximately 37% of the world's total production, and has extremely high economic value.Growth traits are among the most important economic factors in the production of P. vannamei. With the intensive development of shrimp farming and degradation of germplasm, the white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) is a serious disease faced by the global shrimp industry. The infection can cause symptoms such as reduced food intake, enlarged liver and pancreas, pale red body color, and white spots on the head and chest armor in shrimp, resulting in widespread death.At present, China has cultivated 12 new varieties of P. vannamei, which to some extent alleviates its dependence on imports for high-quality P. vannamei. However, the excellent traits of domestic shrimp species are singular, and cultivating new varieties of P. vannamei with fast growth and strong disease resistance is an urgent demand in the market. Genetic parameter evaluation is the fundamental work of selection breeding. Heritability reflects the genetic variation in traits in the breeding population, which is of great significance in the development of a selection index, prediction of selection response, comparison of selection methods, selection breeding planning, and other breeding processes. There are different degrees of genetic correlation among various quantitative traits of shrimp, and genetic correlation coefficients are important for selecting target traits. The estimation of genetic correlation can be used to develop a comprehensive selection index and breeding program of multiple traits, which can improve the selection efficiency and breed better varieties with multiple traits. The higher the genetic correlation between traits, the better the effect of indirect selection. The estimation of genetic parameters is greatly affected by the test population, breeding management, analysis methods, and other factors. To ensure the accuracy of multi-trait composite breeding for growth and WSSV resistance, accurate evaluation of growth and WSSV resistance needs to be carried out for specific breeding populations. There are two commonly used target traits for measuring WSSV resistance in P. vannamei: individual survival time after infection and half-lethal survival rate (SS50) of families. In practice, measuring the half-lethal survival rate of families is more convenient. However, the correlation between these two traits has not yet been reported.To promote the growth and WSSV resistance of P. vannamei, 59 families (1, 770 individuals) were tested for WSSV infection. We recorded the survival time and individual body length of shrimp after infection and analyzed the mean, standard deviation, maximum and minimum values, and coefficient of variation of half-lethal survival rate and test traits for each line. The heritability and genetic correlation coefficients of growth, survival time, and half-lethal survival rate were calculated. Variance components and genetic parameters for growth and survival traits were estimated using a two-trait animal model and a sire-dam threshold model. The genetic parameters of body length were corrected by including age as a covariate. The genetic parameters of WSSV survival time were corrected by including body length as a covariate. The estimated heritability of body length was medium (0.17±0.05), and the estimated heritabilities of survival time and half-lethal survival rate were medium (0.18±0.05 and 0.14±0.05). Further, the estimated heritabilities of the three traits were significantly different from zero (P < 0.01). The genetic correlation between body length and survival time and that of body length and half-lethal survival rate were low (0.15±0.20 and 0.25±0.22). There were no significant differences between the genetic correlations and zero (P > 0.05). The genetic correlation between survival time and half-lethal survival rate was high (0.96±0.03). There was no significant difference between the genetic correlation and one (P > 0.05). The results showed that a comprehensive selection index of growth and WSSV resistance of P. vannamei can be established to carry out multi-trait composite breeding. In this breeding population, the growth and WSSV resistance of P. vannamei can be combined with multiple traits according to the breeding requirements, and the comprehensive selection index can be formulated by assigning values. In addition, to optimize the breeding of each generation, the half-lethal survival rate of WSSV can be used as an indicator of WSSV resistance. This study provides basic data and theoretical support for breeding varieties of P. vannamei with excellent growth and WSSV resistance.

Senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) is an important feature of cellular senescence and plays an important role in regulating the disease microenvironment. At present, the role of SASP in intervening bone metabolism and inducing bone loss is very limited. Therefore, this paper discusses the regulatory mechanism of SASP in osteoporosis models and summarizes its regulatory characteristics: SASP is fully expressed in senescent bone cells and transmits aging effects to mesenchymal stem cells in an autocrine/paracrine manner, thereby interfering with osteogenic differentiation. SASP activates immune cells and promotes their aging, thus inducing the formation of inflammatory tissue microenvironment and aggravating bone loss. Mitochondrial homeostasis, pathologic hyperglycemia, and obesity-induced fat accumulation all promote SASP expression, thus disrupting microenvironmental homeostasis and transmitting aging effects to bone tissue. To sum up, understanding the role of SASP in osteoporosis lays a solid foundation for us to develop anti-SASP therapy for osteoporosis in the future.

Objective To better interpret the geological information contained in geophysical logging data and expand the application scope of well logs in geology, Methods several typical cases of representative logging data are analyzed. This analysis seeks to enhance the use of well logs in geological research. Logging data can aid in the deployment of sidetracking wells by identifying tectonic occurrences and variations in their combination characteristics. Image log data also enable determintion of palaeocurrent directions and the identification of bidirectional provenance supply, thus providing refined and scientifically calibrated interpretations in alignment with geological understanding. Results Logging data, often regarded as the "eyes" of geologists, are advantageous for identifying and evaluating pores, caves, fractures, and other subsurface features. These data are crucial for discovering hydrocarbon reservoirs and facilitating the fine and continuous calculation of reserve parameters. The coupling relationships between mudstone resistivity, acoustic interval transit time, and in situ stress in logging curves can also be used to indirectly predict the quality of ultradeep reservoirs and hydrocarbon productivity. Moreover, combining geology, logging, and seismic activity allows for the delineation of hydrocarbon traps and supports oil and gas exploration and production. Conclusion The analysis of these typical cases assists geologists in better interpreting the geological information in logging curves and further broadens the application field and scope of geophysical logging data.

An efficient implementation scheme for the BFV fully homomorphic encryption algorithm was proposed on the Zynq platform. This scheme effectively integrated the negative wrapped convolution with the number theoretic transform (NTT) algorithm, optimizing and accelerating the polynomial multiplication process. Furthermore, it adopted a pipeline design and parallel hardware architecture to enhance the RNS implementation of the BFV algorithm. The system efficiently implemented data transmission between the ARM processor and FPGA using the AXI-DMA transfer mechanism. Test results on the Zynq UltraScale+MPSoC ZCU102 platform show that the system performs a homomorphic addition in just 0.024 ms and a homomorphic multiplication in 5.779 ms at a 200 MHz clock frequency, which includes 0.874 ms for ciphertext transmission. Compared to the implementations of the SEAL and OpenFHE libraries, the proposed scheme achieves efficiency improvements of 4.63 and 6.79 times for homomorphic addition, and 4.43 and 2.95 times for homomorphic multiplication, providing an important reference for the practical engineering implementation of fully homomorphic encryption algorithms.

Large language models based on massive data training bring the possibility of generalized artificial intelligence, but also bring new risks and challenges to data privacy protection. This paper analyzes the risks of data privacy protection in the whole process of large language model, argues the new ethical difficulties faced by the principle of informed consent and the principle of "justification and necessity" of data collection, and explores the possible solution frameworks and paths, as well as the ethical difficulties that may still exist in the practice.

Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), an important bioactive ingredient in breast milk, have become a popular nutritional fortifier in infant formula. While only a limited variety of synthetic functional oligosaccharides is available now, naturally occurring oligosaccharides from animal milk are a promising substitute for HMOs. Goat milk oligosaccharides (GMOs) are rich in neutral oligosaccharides, which are more similar in structure to HMOs. However, most studies on the separation of milk oligosaccharides concentrate on bovine milk oligosaccharides, while little research has been done on milk oligosaccharides from animal species other than cows, and the structure and composition of animal milk oligosaccharides are different from those of HMOs. In addition, there are few systematic studies on the structures and functions of oligosaccharides, which limits the development and utilization of oligosaccharides in animal milk. This review summarizes the latest progress in research on oligosaccharides in animal milk with a focus on the structures, detection methods and physiological functions of GMOs, and it compares and analyzes the structural differences between animal milk oligosaccharides and HMOs. It is anticipated that this review can provide theoretical support for the development and application of animal milk oligosaccharides in the future.

Food safety concerns the life and health of people, which raises higher requirements for food safety regulation. The law enforcement departments should attach great importance to food safety issues, and effectively strengthen food safety enforcement by various means and measures to ensure safe food for people. At present, there are many problems in China’s food safety regulation, leading to insufficient law enforcement and single means of supervision. In this context, the whole process of food production should be supervised in food safety enforcement. This article starts with an analysis of the food safety supervision model in China, and then discusses how to improve it, aiming to provide a reference for relevant personnel.

Iron-copper modified coal gangue(Fe2O3-CuO/rCG) was prepared using coal gangue(CG) as raw material through calcination, acid leaching and metal modification. The morphology and structure of Fe2O3-CuO/rCG were characterized and analyzed, and the degradation efficiency and mechanism of Fe2O3-CuO/rCG system on benzotriazole(BTA) were studied. The results showed that the specific surface area and total pore volume of Fe2O3-CuO/rCG significantly increased after modification. Fe2O3 and CuO were successfully filled inside the pores of materials. The optimal preparation conditions for Fe2O3-CuO/rCG were calcination temperature of 650 ℃, calcination time of 3 hours, and metal ion loading concentration of 0.07 mol/L. The optimal conditions for BTA degradation in Fe2O3-CuO/rCG/H2O2 system were BTA concentration of 30 mg/L, Fe2O3-CuO/rCG dosage of 2 g/L, H2O2 concentration of 7 mmol/L, temperature of 25 ℃, and rotational speed of 240 r/min. After 2 hours of reaction, the highest degradation rate of BTA in system could reach 94.86%, and the removal rates of TOC and TN could reach 87.69% and 84.27%, respectively. The Fe2O3-CuO/rCG coupled Fenton system had two main mechanisms for removing BTA:adsorption and catalytic degradation. Adsorption mainly involved gap filling, ligand adsorption, and hydrogen bonding. During the catalytic degradation process, ·OH and 1O2 were the main active species, with dominated by 1O2. Moreover, the redox cycle of Fe2+/Fe3+ and Cu+/Cu2+ accelerated the generation of active species in Fenton-like system.