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The entity and relation extraction task, which is the technical source of constructing and updating large-scale knowledge graph, aims to identify the relationship between entities from unstructured text. Among the existing joint extraction methods of entity and relation, parallel decoding of tuples efficiently generates tuples by set prediction. However, this method ignores the interaction between entity and relationship, and entity subject and object, resulting in the generation of invalid tuples. To address this problem, this paper proposes a joint extraction model of entity and relation based on dual set prediction networks. To enhance the interaction between relationships and entities, a dual set prediction network is used to decode the tuples in parallel, and the entity information and relationship types in the tuples are generated sequentially. The first set prediction network models the set of tuples and decodes the subject-object information in the tuple. The second set prediction network models the set of tuples embedded with subject-object information and decodes the relationship type between subject and object. This paper designs an entity filter for entity subject-object, which predicts the subject-object correlation among entities in a sentence and filters out the tuples with lower subject-object correlation according to the result. Experiments on the NYT (New York Times) and WebNLG public datasets show that the proposed model performs better than the baseline model in terms of accuracy and F1 metrics when the encoder is BERT, which verifies the validity of the model.

This study aimed to assess the effect of soy lecithin (Soy L, 0.2%–1.0%), glucose oxidase (GOX, 0.3–1.5 U/g), and transglutaminase (TG, 0.3–1.5 U/g) on dough elongation properties and texture qualities of steamed bread. The optimum formulation of steamed bread prepared from wheat flour (50%) and potato pulp (50%) was investigated. Results showed that Soy L and GOX significantly (P < 0.05) affected the specific volume and hardness of steamed bread, whereas TG significantly (P < 0.05) affected the resistance to extension and extensibility of dough, as well as the springiness and cohesiveness of steamed bread. The optimum formulation consisting of 0.65% Soy L, 0.92 U/g GOX, and 0.96 U/g TG increased the viscoelasticity and fermentation characteristics of dough and improved the specific volume, texture, and porosity of steamed bread enriched with potato pulp.

Few-shot knowledge graph completion (FKGC) is a new research hotspot in the field of knowledge graph completion, which aims to complete knowledge graph with a few samples of data. This task is of great importance in practical application and the fields of knowledge graph. In order to further promote the development of the field of FKGC, this paper summarizes and analyzes the current methods. Firstly, this paper describes the concept of FKGC and related content. Secondly, three types of FKGC methods are summarized based on technical methods, including scale learning-based methods, meta learning-based methods, and other model-based methods. In addition, this paper analyzes and summarizes each method from the perspectives of model core, model ideas, advantages and disadvantages, etc. Then, the datasets and evaluation indexes of FKGC method are summarized, and the FKGC method is analyzed from two aspects of model characteristics and experimental results. Finally, starting from the practical problems, this paper summarizes the difficult problems of the current FKGC task, analyses the difficulties behind the problems, gives the corresponding solutions, and prospects several development directions that deserve attention in this field in the future.

BackgroundSteel workers are exposed to occupational hazardous factors such as dust, noise, and heat, and often work in shifts, making them prone to sleep disorders. ObjectiveTo explore potential influencing factors of sleep disorders among workers in a steel enterprise in Gansu Province, and provide a basis for reducing the risk of sleep disorders among them. MethodsFrom January to March 2022, a self-made questionnaire combined with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) were used to investigate the employees of a steel enterprise in Gansu Province. According to their PSQI scores, they were divided into a normal sleep group and a sleep disorder group. The general demographic variables of the two groups were balanced by 1∶1 propensity score matching (PSM). Multiple logistic regression was used to analyze the contributing factors of sleep disorders. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) model was used to analyze potential dose-response relationship between weekly working hours and sleep disorders. ResultsThe prevalence of sleep disorders in the steel workers was 48.06% (6029/12544). After PSM, 5847 pairs were successfully matched, and the distributions of matched variables were well balanced between the two groups. The results of multiple logistic regression showed that hypertension (OR=1.39, 95%CI: 1.24, 1.56), diabetes mellitus (OR=1.34, 95%CI: 1.07, 1.66), three-shift system (OR=1.26, 95%CI: 1.12, 1.41), dust exposure (OR=1.14, 95%CI: 1.01, 1.29), noise exposure (OR=1.23, 95%CI: 1.09, 1.39), heat exposure (OR=1.16, 95%CI: 1.04, 1.29), and work injury (OR=1.22, 95%CI: 1.02, 1.46) increased the risk of sleep disorders. Compared with workers with < 10 years of service, those with 10-20 years (OR=1.31, 95%CI: 1.19, 1.44), 20-30 years (OR=1.34, 95%CI: 1.19, 1.52), and ≥30 years of service (OR=1.35, 95%CI: 1.19, 1.53) had a higher risk of sleep disorders. Compared with non-exercise workers, the risk of developing sleep disorders was lower in workers with occasional exercise (OR=0.61, 95%CI: 0.56, 0.66) and regular exercise (OR=0.55, 95%CI: 0.49, 0.62). The RCS model showed that the weekly working hours and sleep disorders in the steel workers showed a nonlinear dose-response relationship (P

Cold rolling and heat treatment experiments of GH4169 alloy with different deformation were carried out. Effect of different cold rolling deformation and heat treatment state on microstructure and hardness of plate was analyzed. Cold rolling experimental results show that dislocation density is increased, dislocations are cross slipped, deformation texture are enhanced, twins boundaries are decreased and hardness is improved with the increasing of deformation. Different heat treatment experimental results show that when the cold rolling deformation within 0%-20%, after 980 ℃×10 min solution treatment, the recrystallization is incepted, grains are refined, deformed grains and dislocation are remained in the plate. When the deformation within 0%-20%, deformed grains are remained and recrystallized grain size is refined with the increasing of deformation, thus the hardness of solution treated plate is increased with the increasing of deformation. The recrystallization finished and work hardening is eliminated,thus the hardness of solution treated plate decline to undeformed level and remains unchanged when the deformation larger than 25%. The γ' and γ'' phases are precipitated in the plate after aging heat treatment, and the hardness of the plate is significantly higher than that of the cold rolled and solid solution treatment states, and the hardness is basically not affected by the deformation amount of cold rolling. The threshold value of cold rolling deformation for recrystallization inception of GH4169 alloy is within 5%-10% during 980 ℃ solution treatment. And the cold rolling deformation threshold value of complete recrystallization is about 25%. According to actual production condition, the optimal cold rolling deformation is larger than 25%, and the matched solution treatment is 980 ℃×10 min.

Background and objective Primary mediastinal germ cell tumor (PMGCT) is a rare but occasionally highly invasive mediastinal tumor. At present, there are few related disease special survival (DSS) studies on PMGCT, rare large data analysis, and uncommon DSS prognostic models. This study was to investigate the prognostic factors of DSS of the PMGCT patients, and build a simple and effective nomogram to predict the DSS prognosis in patients with PMGCT. Methods Retrospective clinicopathological data of 325 patients with PMGCT from 1975 to 2019 were extracted from Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. The Kaplan-Meier method along with the Log-rank test were utilized to estimate the DSS. Cox proportional hazard regression model was used to screen the independent risk factors affecting prognosis, from which an individualized nomogram was constructed to predict 3-yr, 5-yr and 8-yr DSS of patients with PMGCT. The prediction accuracy of the model is evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, correction curve and decision curve analysis (DCA) curve. Results The 3-yr, 5-yr and 8-yr survival rates of PMGCT were 84.6%, 83.6% and 83.3%, respectively. Univariate analysis showed that histology, surgery, age, tumor size, metastasis and stage could affect the prognosis of PMGCT. Multivariate analysis showed that histology, surgery, age and tumor size were independent risk factors for the prognosis of PMGCT patients, and the nomogram was constructed using these independent risk factors. The area under the curve (AUC) of ROC curve was 0.824. The results of the correction curves of 3-yr, 5-yr and 8-yr survival time and DCA, indicated that there was a good consistency between the predicted results of the nomogram evaluation and the real results. Conclusion Patients with histological classification of seminoma in PMGCT have a better prognosis than patients with non-seminoma. The prognosis of patients with over the age of 40 yr, tumor size ≥15 cm and without surgical treatment was even worse. The nomogram model can accurately and intuitively predict the DSS of patients with PMGCT.

Cellulases are a class of modular enzymes with a catalytic glycoside hydrolase (GH) module that hydrolyzes the β-1, 4-glucosidic bond of the cellulose chain. Cellulases had been broadly divided into three types: endo-β-1, 4-glucanases, exo-β-1, 4-glucanases and β-glucosidases, which of synergistic effect lead to the complete degradation of cellulose to glucose. The endo-β-1, 4-glucanase is one of the key cellulases in cellulose digestion, which are likely to be the product of a glycosyl hydrolase family 9 (GHF9) gene. In this study, an endogenous cellulase gene, EsGH9-1, was identified from the transcriptome database of the Chinese mitten crab, Eriocheir sinensis, and the sequence of EsGH9-1 was cloned by PCR. The expression levels of EsGH9-1 in different tissues and different developmental stages were studied. In addition, EsGH9-1 mRNA expression and corresponding enzyme activity under different diet conditions were analysed. The result showed that EsGH9-1 genomic DNA (11 679 bp) consists of 15 exons interrupted by 14 introns; EsGH9-1 cDNA (2044 bp) contains an open reading frame of 1740 bp, corresponding to a polypeptide of 580 amino acid residues, with a typical catalytic domain of the glycosyl hydrolase family 9 (GHF9). EsGH9-1 was expressed in various tissues of E. sinensis, particularly high in the hepatopancreas. A significant increase in expression of EsGH9-1 was also observed in megalopa and early-stage larvae. Under different dietary conditions, the relative expression of EsGH9-1 in the plant diet group was significantly up-regulated, which was consistent with the trend of β-1, 4-endoglucanase activity. The finding of the endogenous cellulase gene (EsGH9-1) in E. sinensis implies that EsGH9-1 may be involved in the decomposition of plant diet. Furthermore, this work is a fundamental step toward understanding the role of endogenous cellulase in the digestion mechanism of aquatic crustaceans.

Background and objective Osimertinib is a third-generation epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) capable of overcoming non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with EGFR T790M mutation. Although the addition of bevacizumab to 1st generation EGFR-TKIs confers a significant improvement in progression-free survival (PFS) in treatment-naive EGFR mutant NSCLC patients, osimertinib plus bevacizumab combination failed to show prolongation in the phase 2 study WJOG8715L. Data of such combination in Chinese patients are still lacking. This study aimed to explore the efficacy of the addition of bevacizumab to osimertinib as second-line therapy in real-world data, and to evaluate the role of anti-angiogenesis plus osimertinib combination therapeutic strategies in pretreated Chinese NSCLC patients with acquired EGFR T790M mutation. Methods A total of 42 advanced NSCLC patients with acquired EGFR T790M mutation after prior EGFR-TKIs treatment were collected between January 2020 to August 2021, with 16 cases treated with osimertinib plus bevacizumab and 26 cases treated with osimertinib. The treatment effect of patients were analyzed. Results The objective response rate (ORR) in combination group and osimertinib group were 43.8% and 50.0% respectively (P=0.694). No statistically significant difference in median PFS (14.0 mon vs 13.0 mon, P=0.797) and overall survival (OS) (29.0 mon vs 26.0 mon, P=0.544) between the combination group and osimertinib group were observed. Prior history of bevacizumab was identified as an independent predictor of PFS (P=0.045) and OS (P=0.023). Conclusion Our study demonstrated that adding bevacizumab to osimertinib could not show advantages in PFS and OS in pretreated NSCLC patients harboring EGFR T790M-mutation.

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy of early oral administration of enteral nutrient powder(Ansu) combined with comprehensive interventionsin accelerating postoperative recovery of patients with gastric cancer. Methods Thirty-four gastric cancer patients undergoing radical resection were randomly selected and assigned into the control (n = 17) and observation groups (n = 17). Patients in the control group received routine fluid replacement and follow-up, and their counterparts in the observation group were given with oral intake of Ansu in combination with comprehensive interventions. Comprehensive interventions include postoperative psychological intervention,postoperative diet management,nasogastric tube and drainage tube management,intravenous fluid infusion management and postoperative rehabilitation guidance. Postoperative efficacy was statistically compared between two groups. Results Compared with the control group, the incidence of nutritional risk at postoperative 10 d was significantly lower, the liver function-associated albumin level was significantly higher, the incidence of postoperative abdominal pain, bloating and diarrhea was lower, the wound healing time was shorter,the length of hospital stay was shorter and the degree of satisfaction of patients was significantly improved in the observation group (all P < 0.05). Conclusion Early postoperative oral administration of enteral nutrient powder combined with comprehensive interventions can effectively improve clinical prognosis, shorten treatment time, and achieve the purpose of accelerating postoperative recovery of patients with gastric cancer.

[Introduction] With the vigorous development of renewable energy, clean and efficient utilization of low-rank coal not only improves resource utilization and economic value but also has great social significance. Low-rank coals such as lignite and weathered coal are the main sources of coal-based humic acid, humic acid is widely used because of its weak acidity, redox, and physiological activity, however, direct extraction is difficult to achieve efficient extraction of humic acid in coal, which usually requires oxidation pretreatment to improve the yield of humic acid. [Method] Firstly, the properties and applications of humic acid were introduced; then, the process, principle, and characteristics of traditional chemical oxidation were introduced, and the new low-rank coal electrochemical oxidation methods and advantages were summarized. Finally, the prospect of electro-chemical humic acid production from low-rank coal was prospected to provide a reference for the preparation of humic acid from low-rank coal. [Result] Electrochemical oxidation method has the advantages of mild conditions, easy control of reaction, high yield, and reduction of environmental pollution. It is a relatively promising method for the preparation of humic acid. [Conclusion] The efficient extraction of humic acid from low-rank coal by electrochemical oxidation driven by renewable power is one of the ways to achieve high value-added utilization of non-fuel in low-rank coal.

Objective In order to solve the problems of the large communication data volume and high transmission delay of unmanned surface vessels (USVs), a USV multi-constrained network transmission routing algorithm (USMCRA) is proposed under the software-defined network (SDN) architecture suitable for USVs.MethodBy establishing a USV network model with SDN architecture, the routing problem in the network is transformed into a multi-constrained shortest path problem, and the algorithm is used to select the appropriate routing node to complete the data transmission. Obtain the state information in the network link through the SDN controller, take the bandwidth, delay and data stream size as constraints, and implement this algorithm in combination with the Dijkstra algorithm design. In the simulation experiment, the USV network model is built through the mininet simulation platform, and the USMCRA algorithm is designed in the RYU controller to realize the network simulation. ResultsThe results show that the routing algorithm improves the transmission efficiency and stability of a USV network. Compared with the traditional network architecture, the network transmission rate with the USMCRA algorithm is increased by about 16%, and the peak value of the network jitter is controlled at 0.2 ms, realizing network optimization.Conclusion The proposed USMCRA algorithm provides a new solution for the problems of large communication data volume and high transmission delay experienced by USVs.

Taking a running tunnel of Shanghai Railway Airport connecting line as a demonstration application project, the synchronous technology combining shield tunneling with segment assembling is proposed based on the active control on the oil pressure of the shield thrust system, which can solve the problem of the long construction period produced by a single shield machine employed in a long-distance shield tunnel project. The principle is to make full use of the extra stroke of propulsion cylinders generated by the axial insertion of the key block to assemble segments, and the theoretical operation time of a single ring can be reduced by 31.6%. Then, a large model test platform for this synchronization technology is established to verify its feasibility and reliability, and the redistribution method of the missing thrust force is introduced during the synchronous process, which is verified by the model test. The test results show that the actuators of the shield machine respond quickly, and the errors of the cylinder pressures and total thrust force of the propulsion system are controlled within ±2%. The attitude deviation of the shield machine is controlled within ±6 mm, and the error range of the driving speed is -2 to 4 mm/min. The segments are safe with the designed overburden thickness of 33 m, and the compressive safety coefficient reaches 1.68.

BackgroundThe incidence rate of missed abortion is increasing year by year, but the etiology has not been fully elucidated. Adverse pregnancy history and exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) may increase the risk of missed abortion.ObjectiveTo investigate the interaction between adverse pregnancy history and PAHs exposure on missed abortion in early pregnancy, and to provide evidence for the etiologic research of missed abortion.MethodsA total of 114 pregnant women diagnosed with missed abortion in the Department of Obstetrics of the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University from March to December 2019 were selected as the case group, and 139 pregnant women who visited the same hospital for voluntary induced abortion in the same period as the control group, to collect basic information and medical information of abortion, stillbirth, intrauterine growth retardation, and other adverse pregnancy history. Abortion villus tissues were collected to detect PAH-DNA adducts levels, stratified by pregnancy and adverse pregnancy history and grouped by quartile method: Q1 (< 404.61 ng·L−1), Q2 (404.61−453.75 ng·L−1), Q3 (453.76−506.72 ng·L−1), and Q4 (≥506.73 ng·L−1). SPSS 25.0 statistical software was used for χ2 test and multiple logistic regression, and additive and multiplicative models were used to investigate the interaction between adverse pregnancy history and PAH-DNA adducts level on missed abortion. The PAH-DNA adducts were grouped by tertiles and quartiles, and P33, P50, P67 and P75 were used as data cut points for sensitivity analysis.ResultsThe proportion of adverse pregnancy history in the case group (32.46%) was higher than that in the control group (12.23%) (P < 0.001). Among 160 subjects with≥2 pregnancies, the proportion of adverse pregnancy history in the case group (57.81%) was higher than that in the control group (17.71%) (P < 0.001). The results of χ2 test stratified by pregnancy for different PAH-DNA adducts levels between the two groups showed that the PAH-DNA adducts level was associated with missed abortion in subjects with≥2 pregnancies (χ2=10.14, P=0.017). Being further stratified by adverse pregnancy history, the PAH-DNA adducts level in subjects with no adverse pregnancy history was associated with missed abortion (χ2=9.70, P=0.021). The results of logistic regression analysis showed that adverse pregnancy history (OR=5.88, 95%CI: 2.79−12.39) and PAH-DNA adducts (OR=3.01, 95%CI: 1.22−7.40) increased the risk of missed abortion, but no interaction between them was found. The relative excess risk of interaction (RERI), the attributable percentage of interaction (AP), and the synergy index (SI) and its 95%CI were 0.60 (95%CI: −0.58−1.77), 0.74 (95%CI: −0.83−2.30), and 0.20 (95%CI: 0.01−5.43), respectively.ConclusionsAdverse pregnancy history and PAH-DNA adducts in pregnant women may increase the risk of missed abortion. The effect of the interaction between them on the occurrence of missed abortion is not supported by the current study.

Objective: To investigate the risk factors for delayed healing of peptic ulcer in patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB), so as to provide evidences for clinical treatment. Methods: A total of consecutive 138 hospitalized patients with UGIB due to peptic ulcer from January 2012 to December 2021 were enrolled. The healing rate of peptic ulcer was determined under reexamination of gastroscopy after 1 week of treatment. The related indice were analyze with univariate analysis to determine possible influencing factors for peptic ulcer, including gender, age, body mass index (BMI), diabetes, history of taking steroid anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS), smoking, drinking, Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection, hemoglobin, serum albumin, ulcer location or Logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the independent risk factors. Results: Univariate analysis showed that age, levels of serum albumin, Forrest classification, the location and size of ulcers were associated with delayed healing of ulcers in patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding (P

We report a case of progressive vitiligo with rosette sign under dermatoscope. A 58-year-old man complained of white patches on the dorsal hands, scrotum and groin for 3 months. Dermatological examination revealed round or irregularly shaped hypopigmented spots or porcelain white patches with sharp or undefined boundaries on the dorsal hands, scrotum and groin. Dermatoscopic examination showed bright white rosette sign on the white patch of the dorsal hands, and hypopigmentation around hair follicle on the scrotum. After the skin lesions fully developed, the rosette sign on the dorsal hands disappeared. Diagnosis: Vitiligo vulgaris (progressive, sporadic).

We report a case of herpetic whitlow in an infant. A 1-year-old baby presented with swelling and erythema of the middle finger in the left hand for more than 1 week. Dermatological examination: there was little transparent blister and perinail erythema of the distal middle finger of left hand. It was positive for herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) dection. A diagnosis of herpetic whitlow was made for this patient. No special treatment was given. The lesions were recovered spontaneously after 10 days. There was no recurrence after 3 months follow-up.

ObjectiveTo identify the suspected food, pathogenic factors and risk factors of the foodborne disease outbreak in a school, and to provide reference for the prevention, control and investigation of similar events in the future.MethodsDescriptive epidemiological method were used to analyze the clinical characteristics, epidemiological characteristics and related risk factors of the cases. Suspicious meals and food were identified by case-control study. Samples such as anal swabs of cases and kitchen workers, reserved food and environment were collected for etiological detection. Salmonella isolates were classified by pulsed field gel electrophoresis.ResultsA total of 74 cases were found, with an incidence rate of 1.9%. The main clinical symptoms were diarrhea (83.8%), abdominal pain (78.4%) and fever (63.5%). The prevalence curve showed intermittent homologous exposure, and the distribution of cases in classes and dormitories showed no obvious aggregation. Results of a case-control study showed the risk factor was the rice with scrambled egg from the second dining hall (October 8 OR=7.00, 95% CI: 1.51~32.48; October 9 OR=262.50, 95% CI: 22.21~3 102.06). A total of 76 samples were collected, 12 of which were isolated and cultured for Salmonella enteritidis. There are two zonal types with similarity of 95.7% by PFGE analysis.ConclusionThis incident was a foodborne disease outbreak caused by Salmonella enteritidis, and suspected food was the rice with scrambled egg. Food hygiene supervision should be strengthen in schools and other collective units, and food with eggs should be thoroughly cooked.

ObjectiveTo investigate and analyze the epidemiological characteristics of a wild mushroom poisoning event in Qinhuangdao City, identify the species of poisonous mushroom, summarize the experience of investigation and treatment, and put forward prevention and control measures, and provide reference for the treatment and prevention of wild mushroom poisoning patients.MethodsThe poisoning events were analyzed by using the method of epidemiological investigation, morphological identification and mushroom toxin detection.ResultsFour villagers in Qinhuangdao city had nausea, abdominal pain, diarrhea, sweating and shivering after eating wild mushrooms. Patients were treated with vomiting, gastric lavage, atropine and other symptomatic treatment in the hospital, and the prognosis of the patients was good. After morphological identification and toxin detection, it was determined that food poisoning caused by mushroom of inocybe.ConclusionThis is the first reported poisoning event caused by mushroom of inocybe in Hebei Province. The reason of poisoning was misguided by the Internet and poor self-awareness of food safety. Therefore, publicity and education should be strengthened, enhancing the awareness to prevent the poisoning of wild mushroom.

Industrial and agricultural sewage discharge is one of the important factors causing water pollution, and the pathogenic microorganisms in sewage are extremely harmful to the ecological environment and human health. Therefore, it is significant to study novel comprehensive photocatalytic materials to achieve the removal of pathogenic microorganisms in water. In this paper, Ag/AgAg3PO4/CNTs composites with brilliant photocatalytic performance were prepared by a combination of deposition-in-situ reduction process, and the composites were analyzed and characterized in detail using a variety of characterization tools, such as morphological features, crystal structure, elemental composition, and photoelectric properties. The bactericidal efficiency of Ag/AgAg3PO4/CNTs composites in visible light was evaluated by plate spreading method. The Ag/AgAg3PO4/CNTs composites were able to deactivate all 107 cfu/mL of E.coli and 92% of S.aureus (107 cfu/mL) in 20 min under visible light irradiation. SEM results indicated that the surface of S.aureus treated with Ag/Ag3PO4/CNTs and Light appeared to be obviously collapsed and wrinkled. The content of genetic material (DNA) in the cells was analyzed, and the results showed that the DNA content in S.aureus treated with Ag/AgAg3PO4/CNTs and Light was significantly reduced, suggesting that the reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by Ag/AgAg3PO4/CNTs under light can effectively damage bacterial DNA. The construction of Ag/AgAg3PO4/CNTs composites provides a new idea for effective removal of pathogenic microorganisms under visible light. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article conducted a systematic indoor experimental study and SEM microscopic analysis on the durability performance of alkali activated steel slag solidification agent for solidified silt, silty clay, and sandy soil under chlorine salt environment, and conducted on-site tests in the deep mixing pile engineering of coast. The results show that the solidifying agent has excellent strength and durability against chloride corrosion in solidified silt, silty clay, and sandy soil. Cement has ideal solidification durability for silty clay and sandy soil, but its solidification strength is much lower than that of the solidifying agent. Cement has much lower solidification strength and durability for silty soil than that of the solidifying agent; SEM results show that the solidified soil has a dense micro surface and generates a large amount of C-S-H gel and AFt, so it has better resistance to chloride erosion; The strength of deep mixing piles with solidifying agents in coastal environments at 28 and 180 days of age is about 1.8 and 2.1 times that of cement deep mixing piles. The solidifying agent is more suitable for the solidification of soft soil in coastal areas compared to cement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and objective Malignant plural effusion (MPE) is one of the most common specimen for liquid biopsy gene detection. This study aims to explore a method for isolating tumor cells from large volume of MPE and evaluate its efficacy and application prospect in gene detection. Methods Pleural effusions (>500 mL) from 20 advanced lung cancer patients were obtained by effusion drainage and used to isolate tumor cells with cell separation media Percoll and Ficoll. Cell number and purity were calculated. DNA was extracted from the supernatant (etDNA), total cells and isolated tumor cells of pleural effusion (ETC-DNA) to detect the mutation of tumor-related genes by next-generation sequencing. Results The median number of cells isolated from malignant pleural effusion was 8.50×104 (interquel range: 9.25×103-3.75×105), 85.50%±5.80% of the cells were identified as tumor cells. The detection rates of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene mutation of etDNA, total cell DNA and ETC-DNA were 70.00%, 50.00% and 70.00%, reseparately, while the median EGFR mutation abundance in 3 components was 16.05% (4.78%-43.06%), 1.09% (0.00%-2.39%), and 33.02% (18.50%-76.70%), respectively. ETC-DNA had good consistency with tissue DNA (P>0.999, kappa=1.000) and etDNA (P>0.999, kappa=1.000). ETC-DNA inclined to have higher EGFR mutation than etDNA, but the result was not statistically significant. Conclusion Our method can isolate large amount of tumor cells from a large volume of malignant pleural effusion with high purity. Using ETC-DNA as specimen improves the efficacy of gene detection, thus is worth further study.

The ultrafine-grained (UFG) CrCoNi medium entropy alloys (MEAs) with excellent mechanical and tribological performances were fabricated by combining rolling deformation and annealing treatment. The microstructures of CrCoNi MEAs were characterized by electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The results show that the materials annealed at 650 ℃ for 10 min after cryogenic rolling display a yield strength as high as 1135 MPa and a graceful uniform ductility of 14.1%. Another group of materials rolled at room temperature followed by annealing at 650 ℃ for 20 min exhibit a yield strength of 987 MPa and an improved ductility of 18.6%. In addition, the grains of CrCoNi medium entropy alloys after above treatment are greatly refined to an average grain size of 0.81 μm and 0.92 μm respectively. The ultra-high strength is due to the grain boundary strengthening of high angle boundaries and dislocation strengthening of low angle boundaries. Remarkably, such UFG MEAs exhibit high wear resistance.

Preventive maintenance is the main measure to restore and maintain the safety and reliability of the aircraft, and its optimization as a common concern is concerned by both aircraft manufacturers and users. The international mainstream preventive maintenance task optimization methods and their applicable objects are investigated. Based on the S4000P ISMO (in-service maintenance optimization) process suitable for equipment, the characteristics of military aircraft is combined to perform the adjustment and personalized design for the original process, and construct the logic process of preventive maintenance task optimization. The results show that the task optimization process can be used for the optimization analysis of military aircraft preventive maintenance task.

Solar insecticidal lamps Internet of Things (SIL-IoTs) is a novel physical agricultural pest control implement, which is an emerging paradigm that extends Internet of Things technology towards Solar Insecticidal Lamp (SIL). SIL-IoTs is composed of SIL nodes with functions of preventing and controlling of agricultural migratory pests with phototaxis feature, which can be deployed over a vast region for the purpose of ensuring pests outbreak area location, reducing pesticide dosage and monitoring agricultural environmental conditions. SIL-IoTs is widely used in agricultural production, and a number of studies have been conducted. However, in most current research projects, fault diagnosis has not been taken into consideration, despite the fact that SIL-IoTs faults have an adverse influence on the development and application of SIL-IoTs. Based on this background, this research aims to analyze the characteristics and challenges of fault diagnosis in SIL-IoTs, which naturally leads to a great number of open research issues outlined afterward. Firstly, an overview and state-of-art of SIL-IoTs were introduced, and the importance of fault diagnosis in SIL-IoTs was analyzed. Secondly, faults of SIL nodes were listed and classified into different types of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) faults. Furthermore, WSNs faults were classified into behavior-based, time-based, component-based, and area affected-based faults. Different types of fault diagnosis algorithms (i.e., statistic method, probability method, hierarchical routing method, machine learning method, topology control method, and mobile sink method) in WSNs were discussed and summarized. Moreover, WSNs fault diagnosis strategies were classified into behavior-based strategies (i.e., active type and positive type), monitoring-based strategies (i.e., continuous type, periodic type, direct type, and indirect type) and facility-based strategies (i.e., centralized type, distributed type and hybrid type). Based on above algorithms and strategies, four kinds of fault phenomena: 1) abnormal background data, 2) abnormal communication of some nodes, 3) abnormal communication of the whole SIL-IoTs, and 4) normal performance with abnormal behavior actually were introduced, and fault diagnosis tools (i.e., Sympathy, Clairvoyant, SNIF and Dustminer) which were adapted to the mentioned fault phenomena were analyzed. Finally, four challenges of fault diagnosis in SIL-IoTs were highlighted, i.e., 1) the complex deployment environment of SIL nodes, leading to the fault diagnosis challenges of heterogeneous WSNs under the condition of unequal energy harvesting, 2) SIL nodes task conflict, resulting from the interference of high voltage discharge, 3) signal loss of continuous area nodes, resulting in the regional link fault, and 4) multiple failure situations of fault diagnosis. To sum up, fault diagnosis plays a vital role in ensuring the reliability, real-time data transmission, and insecticidal efficiency of SIL-IoTs. This work can also be extended for various types of smart agriculture applications and provide fault diagnosis references.

As acute enterovirus⁃induced infections, herpangina(HA) and hand⁃foot⁃mouth disease(HFMD) are simi⁃ lar in many aspects. Although these diseases vary with time and region, many studies have shown that the viruses caus⁃ ing HA and HFMD are consistent, and there is no notable difference in partial VP1 gene sequences between different vi⁃ ruses. HA and HFMD also resemble each other in epidemiological features. Both infections show significant summer⁃ time seasonality, have a strong connection with certain environmental conditions and are most prevalent in young chil⁃ dren and infants. Herpangina is thought to be a mild disease, defined as vesicular enanthem and then ulcers of the fau⁃ ces and soft palate with presentation of fever, sore throat, and decreased appetite. HFMD, which could lead to severe symptoms, is also characterized by oral ulcers, although they are chiefly on the buccal mucosa and tongue, and typical vesicular rashes, which are most commonly found on the hands, feet, knees and buttocks. While HA is generally be⁃ lieved to be self⁃limited and has a favorable prognosis, HA with certain clinical characteristics, such as diarrhea, vomit⁃ ing, limb jitter and sleepiness, can evolve into HFMD, according to some literature in recent years. However, HA is an independent risk factor for HFMD, and severe cases only present with herpes appearing at the isthmus of the fauces at an early stage, which indicates a strong correlation between them. Clinical manifestations of HA should be considered by medical staff to identify potential children with HFMD as early as possible to prevent its further development or transformation.

Objective To investigate the contamination situation of Salmonella at different times, slaughtering and processing sites in a broiler slaughter factory to acquire the key contamination point. Methods Chicken anal swabs, carcasses and broiler samples in different slaughtering stages were timely collected in a broiler slaughterhouse in Shaanxi Province from November 2016 to November 2017, Salmonella concentration was quantitatively detected by most probable number (MPN) method, Salmonella isolate recovered from positive samples were identified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) combined with serum agglutination techniques. Results Among the 284 samples, 67 (23.6%) were positive to Salmonella, the average MPN value was 0.051 6 MPN/g. During sampling period, samples in July was the most frequently contaminated with the positive rate of 37.8% (14/37) and average MPN value of 0.064 7 MPN/g. the lowest Salmonella contamination rate was detected in November 2016 (13.9%, 5/36) with average MPN value of 0.043 6 MPN/g. Among different processing stages, the highest positive rate was detected after scalding and fading (43.3%, 26/60), the average MPN value of which was 0.060 5 MPN/g. The positive rate of chicken breast before freezing was the lowest (18.3%, 11/60), and the average MPN value was 0.036 8 MPN/g, which was slightly higher than that of the whole chicken carcass/chicken breast collected from distribution and storage processes (0.035 8 MPN/g). Conclusion The result showed detection rate and MPN values of Salmonella positive samples in broiler slaughtering process had a strong seasonality, detection of Salmonella in different slaughtering stages indicated that vertical and cross-contamination might happen during the whole process. It was necessary to strengthen the regulation of broilers processing as well as the critical control points.

investigate the effects of plumbagin (PLB) on the proliferation, migration and expression of stem - ness transcription factors of hepatocellular carcinoma stem cells.Methods: The liver cancer stem cells were enriched by multi-cell tumor sphere culture mode. The liver cancer cell group and liver cancer stem cell group were set up with PLB concentration 0, 5, 7.5, 10 μmol/L groups, and drug treatment time was 24 h. The cell proliferation, sphere formation and migration ability in vitro were detected by MTT assay, plate cloning assay, suspension stem cell sphere formation assay and scratch test. The expression of stemness genes and proteins was detected by qRT-PCR and Western blotting. Results: HepG2 stem cells were successfully enriched. Compared with HepG2 cell group, the clone formation rate of HepG2 stem cells group was decreased, and the scratch healing rate and sphere formation rate in vitro were increased, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Compared with the PLB 0 μmol/L group, the colony formation rate, sphere formation rate and scratch healing rate of HepG2 stem cells in the PLB 5, 7.5, 10 μmol/L groups were decreased. The mRNA expression levels of EpCAM, BMI1, c-MYC, Oct-4, Nanog stemness related genes and Notch signaling pathway were decreased, and the protein expression level of c-MYC was decreased(P <0.05). Conclusion: PLB can inhibit the proliferation, migration and sphere formation ability of hepatoma-like stem cells in vitro, thereby inhibiting the stemness of hepatoma cells. The mechanism may be related to the down-regulation of the mRNA expression levels of EpCAM, BMI1, c-MYC, Oct-4, Nanog stemness related genes and Notch signaling pathway, and the expression level of c-MYC protein. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

La2Zr2O7 powders were synthesized by solid-state reaction method. After spray granulation, the La2Zr2O7 coatings were fabricated by air plasma spray technique. The effect of heat treatment time on the properties of La2Zr2O7 coatings was investigated, focusing on phase composition, microstructure evolution and thermal conductivity. The results show that a single pyrochlore phase of La2Zr2O7 coating has been successfully fabricated. And the average porosity is 11.3%. The phase composition and porosity do not change with the prolongation of heat treatment time. The thermal conductivity of the as-sprayed coating can be as low as 0.392 W?m–1?K–1. A number of amorphous structures exist in the as-sprayed coating, which can effectively block the transmission of phonons. With an increase of thermal exposure time at 1300 ℃ in air, the amorphous structure is gradually transformed into crystalline structure, and the phonon transfer efficiency is obviously improved, resulting in a significant increase in the thermal conductivity of the coating. Interestingly, after heat treatment, the rebound effect of thermal conductivity at high temperature didn’t appear in this research.

Along with the increasing awareness of environmental protection and growing demand for green and pollution-free agricultural products, it has a great need to explore new ways to apply greener pest control methods in agricultural production. Researching on Solar Insecticidal Lamps (SILs) has continuously received incremental attentions from both the academia and industry, which brings a new mode for the preventing and controlling of agricultural migratory pests with phototaxis feature, and now is becoming to a hot research topic. Towards the fast development of "precision agriculture" and "smart agriculture" as well as the increasing demands for agricultural informatization, Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have been widely used for agricultural information collection and intelligent control of agricultural equipment. WSNs are suitable for large-scale deployment and regional monitoring, which can be easily combined with SIL nodes. Based on the combination, a new type of agricultural Internet of things - Solar Insecticidal Lamps Internet of Things (SIL-IoTs) was proposed and the technology of WSNs for the prevention and control of phototactic migratory pests in agricultural applications were surveyed. Firstly, the state-of-art insecticidal lamps applications was reviewed and their characteristics deployment manners and working lifetime in the production of crops (e.g., forest, fruits, rice, vegetables) were summarized. Secondly, the characteristics of existing GSM/3G/4G-enabled SIL nodes and their latest research status on SIL-IoTs were summarized. Furthermore, the research status was analyzed concerning the energy harvesting mode and deployment characteristics of SIL, which are solar energy SIL harvesting mode for energy saving and the heuristic mode for node deployment, respectively. Finally, towards the fast-developed vision of smart agriculture, in which various emerging IT and automation technologies are maturely applied, SIL-IoTs can be considered as a new and important component to contribute to the green agricultural pest monitoring and control. To further enhance SIL-IoTs' capability and enrich SIL-IoTs' function, four open research issues on SIL-IoTs were proposed, i.e., 1) optimized deployment scheme of SIL-IoTs with multiple constrains, 2) optimized and adaptive energy management strategy for ensuring normal working hours of SIL node, 3) lack of algorithms for pests outbreak area localization, and 4) interference on data transmission because of dense high voltage discharge during severe pest disaster. To sum up, SIL-IoTs is one of the representative applications of "precision agriculture" and "smart agriculture" based on WSNs, which is a new model on prevention and control of pests. The combination of both optimized deployment algorithms of SIL-IoTs nodes and artificial intelligence techniques will provide a theoretical basis for SIL-based applications in terms of optimized deployment and energy management. Intelligent pest information collection, alarm, and node' senergy management via SIL-IoTs will facilitate decisions-makings for precise agricultural applications in prevention and control of pests.

On the basis of a brief overview of the physicochemical properties and sources of resveratrol, this research reviewed the research progress of resveratrol in delaying skin aging and its application in cosmetics from four aspects: anti-skin photoaging, anti-skin oxidation, anti-skin pigmentation, and anti-skin wrinkles. It was pointed out that resveratrol had significant anti-aging effects on the skin and had been confirmed in numerous animal tests and clinical trials; In the cosmetics field, resveratrol was widely applied in various product formulations such as face creams, lotions and essence due to its multiple anti-aging properties such as moisturizing, firming, whitening, and anti-wrinkle effects. The encapsulation and delivery of resveratrol through a nanoliposome system could effectively improve its transdermal permeability and enhance its overall skincare effect; However, resveratrol still had problems such as poor stability, low bioavailability, and certain toxicity at high dose oral administration, which limited its wider application in cosmetics. In the future, comprehensive scientific dosage studies and safety evaluation of resveratrol are needed, and more clinical studies are also needed to verify the effectiveness and promote the application of resveratrol. These will provide reference for the development and application of resveratrol as a functional active ingredient with anti-skin aging properties in cosmetics and beauty products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traditional methods of rice phenological phase feature extraction based on time-series remote sensing images require high temporal resolution, which is difficult to meet due to imaging conditions. Due to the different environmental conditions in different rice growing regions, the rice planting area extraction method based on single image has poor generalization ability. In this paper, similar optical and Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data were selected to reduce the spatiotemporal information differences in rice planting area images. The spatial feature information of optical data and backscatter information of SAR data were effectively used to extract rice features by using a two-structure network model through pan-spatio-temporal feature fusion. Experiments show that the overall test accuracy of the training model validation set on the rice datasets of Sanjiang Plain and Feixi County is 95.66%, and the Kappa coefficient is 0.8805. The results of rice extraction in Nanchang City were in good agreement with the actual field boundaries, and the overall extraction accuracy was 86.78%, which proved the generalization ability and practicability of the pan-temporal feature model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to improve the yield and water use efficiency of spring wheat in dryland in Xinjiang, a single factor randomized block experiment design was used to select the appropriate sowing methods. 3 sowing methods were set up including traditional flat planting (T1), ridge and furrow planting (T2), ridge and film furrow planting (T3). Soil water content, leaf area index (LAI), dry matter and yield of dryland spring wheat under different sowing methods were determined. And soil water storage, water consumption and water use efficiency were calculated. The results showed that, before heading stage, T2 and T3 treatments could significantly promote the increase of LAI and dry matter mass, and after heading stage, T3 treatment was more beneficial to improve LAI and dry matter mass of dryland spring wheat than T2 and T1 treatments. At the same time, T3 treatment could significantly increase soil water content and water storage in 0-80 cm soil layer at jointing stage, which were significantly increased by 32.09%, 34.64% and 38.20%, 38.85%, respectively, compared with T2 and T1 treatments. T3 treatment reduced soil water consumption at sowing-jointing stage, but increased soil water consumption at jointing stage and harvest stage, which was beneficial to plant growth and development at middle and later stages. T3 treatment could increase the effective panicle number, grain number per panicle, grain yield, water use efficiency and precipitation use efficiency of wheat, and the highest yield was 2 474.43 kg · hm-2, which was significantly increased by 50.13% and 50.47%, and water utilization and precipitation utilization were also significantly increased by 48.99%, 51.02% and 49.41%, 50.15%,compared with T1 and T2 treatments, respectively. Therefore, furrow planting with ridging and film mulching was beneficial to increase wheat yield and efficient water utilization, which could provide theoretical basis and technical reference for water storage and high yield and efficiency of spring wheat in dryland in Xinjiang. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A surface fault location of conveyor belt based on saliency and deep convolution neural network was proposed. The method imprints figures on the edge of upper and lower surfaces of conveyor belt, and uses image processing technology to detect the number in belt image, so as to indirectly locate surface fault of the conveyor belt. Firstly, the acquired image of the conveyor belt is preprocessed by Gaussian filtering and gray-scale linear transformation to improve image quality and enhance contrast between the background and the target. Then, visual saliency treatment is conducted to the preprocessed image according to spectral residual theory, and a visual saliency map containing numeric regions is obtained. Finally, saliency map is classified by using the convolution neural network to distinguish digital region from non-digital region. The experimental results show that the method can detect number of conveyor belt image and realize surface fault location of conveyor belt.

To identify Dendrobium species and to analyze the habitats of Dendrobium officinale, the suitable candidate DNA barcoding genes of Dendrobium were evaluated. In this study, the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) of nuclear ribosomal DNA and chloroplast psbA-trnH gene were amplified and sequenced from sixty-six samples of D.chrysotoxum, D.nobile, D.primulinum and D.officinale. The D.officinale samples were collected from Hangzhou, Huoshan, Yunnan and Wenzhou. The intra-specific and inter-specific divergence of Dendrobium was calculated, and the identification efficiency was assessed using Barcoding Gap, NJ tree by K2P distance. The results showed the intra-specific divergence of ITS2 (0-0.005) were obviously lower than the inter-specific divergence (0.070-0.228), and four species of Dendrobium were also accurately distinguished in NJ tree. Whereas, there is no Barcoding Gap on psbA-trnH, and it cannot distinguish D.nobile and D.primulinum in the NJ tree, and it can be used as a supplementary sequence in the identification of Dendrobium. ITS2 and psbA-tmH of D.officinale from four habitats have multiple mutation sites, which have the potential to identify the habitats of D.officinale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The application of metal additive manufacturing technology and products in the aviation field requires optimized structural design at macroscale and precise manufacture control at microscale. As one of the typical features of additive manufacture, microstructure inevitably affects the material performance. The research has shown that the uniformity, plasticity, and fatigue fracture characteristics of additive manufacturing materials are often inferior to traditional materials, while their strength, hardness, wear resistance, and some microscale properties are often better than traditional materials. The size effect in the micro/nano-scale and the heterogeneous characteristics of materials have a significant impact on metal materials with microstructures. Under different microstructures, materials can achieve a better balance between strength and ductility, which is also applicable to additively manufactured metals. Therefore, the process characteristics of additive manufacturing and the heterogeneities introduced by human design are both expected to significantly improve the comprehensive performance of metals, which have important guiding value for the application of metal additive manufacturing in the aviation field. However, since many of the mechanism of these phenomena are still unclear, the strength-ductility synergistic and antagonistic relationships with other properties of the materials are also worth further research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and objective Results of studies on genetic polymorphisms of ERCC1 gene in DNA repair pathway which may affect response to platinum-based chemotherapy and survival in patients with non-small cell lung cancer are conflicting. The aim of this study is to prospectively assess the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms of C8092A and codon118 in ERCC1 and drug response in 90 patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer treated with cisplatin-based chemotherapy. Methods All patients were treated with cisplatin-based chemotherapy. Genotypes of ERCC1 C8092A and codon118 were examined by sequencing, and the association between genotypes and response was evaluated. Results Genotype frequencies of ERCC1 C8092A were CC 40.0% (36/90), CA 48.9% (44/90) and AA 11.1% (10/90), frequencies of codon118 were CC 58.9% (53/90), CT 34.4% (31/90) and TT 6.7% (6/90). There was no significant difference in response rate of patients carrying with CC, compared with CA plus AA in C8092A (33.3% vs 29.6%, P=0.71). Response rate of patients carrying with CC in ERCC1 118 was 32.1%, 24.3% with CT plus CC (P=0.43). There was no difference in progression free survival between patients carrying with CC and CT plus TT in C8092A (5.2 months vs 5.4 months, P=0.62). There was no difference in progression free survival between patients carrying with CC and CA plus AA (5.5 months vs 5.3 months, P=0.59). Conclusion The results suggest that there is no association between polymorphisms in ERCC1 C8092A and codon118 and response in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer receiving cisplatin-based chemotherapy.

Background and objective GSTM1 takes part in the metabolism of environmental pollutants such as benzopyrene other polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and anticancer drugs and so on. The study aims to investigate the relationship between the gene polymorphism of GSTM1 and chemotherapy as well as to study the effect to survival of Chinese patients with lung cancer. Methods The genotypes of GSTM1 were examined with polymerase chain reaction in 137 primary lung cancer patients accepted chemotherapy. Results GSTM1 -null genotype frequency was 58.4%(80?137). The frequency of non-null GSTM1 genotype was 41.6%(57?137). The frequency of GSTM1-null genotype was 69.05%(58?84) in the response group of chemotherapy and 41.51%(22?53) in the non-response group of chemotherapy. They were significantly different (P=0.001). In the patients with platinum chemotherapy, the frequency of GSTM1-null genotype was 65.43%(53?81) in the response group of chemotherapy and 42%(21?50) in the non-response group. There werestastically differences in them (P=0.0025). For the advanced cases, GSTM1 -null genotype frequency was 70.13% (54 ? 77) in the response group of chemotherapy, 41.51% (22?53) in the non-response group of chemotherapy respectively and they were significantly different(P=0.001). When the chemotherapy was effective, the survival time of patients in squamous carcinoma and small cell carcinoma with non-null GSTM1 genotype (the median survival times were 42 months and 14 months respectively) were longer than those with null GSTM1 genotype (the median survival times were 6 months and 7 months respectively)(P0.05. When chemotherapy was not effective, the median survival time were not significantly different (P>0.05). Conclusions The effect of chemotherapy of GSTM1-null genotype patients was better than that of GSTM1-postive genotype patients. The chemotherapy effect of the cases with null GSTM1 type was better than those with non-null GSTM1 type when the patients accepted platinum chemotherapy. When the chemotherapy was effective, the survival time may be related to the histological types and GSTM1 genotypes.

In order to investigate the dynamic compressive mechanical properties of mortar-concrete joint interface, three different specimens of concrete, mortar and mortar-concrete joint interface were designed, and their static and dynamic mechanical properties were investigated by hydraulic servo machine and split Hopkinson bar (SHPB). The damage morphology and mechanical characteristic parameters of specimens under different joint conditions were obtained from the test. At the same time, the dynamic enhancement effect of three different spcimens was analyzed and its mechanism was revealed from the mesoscopic level by using CT scanning technology. The results show that under static action, the overrall compressive strength of joint specimens is between mortar specimens and concrete specimens. Under dynamic action, the compressive strength of three different specimens increases correspondingly with increasing strain rate. Concrete has stronger sensitivity to strain rate and mortar has the weakest sensitivity. Compared with concrete specimens, the integrity of mortar and mortar-concrete joint specimens after compressive damage is significantly improved. Based on experimental data and CEB formula proposed by Comité Euro-International du Béton, the dynamic increase factor (DIF) and strain rate mathematical model suitable for three different materials are optimized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] Agriculture is responsible for 8.5% of greenhouse gasses emitted to the atmosphere. Improving agricultural management and reducing gas emissions from soils is hence important in the fight against global warming. In this paper, we investigate the effect of different irrigation and fertigation on reducing nitrogen losses from rice fields in Poyang Lake Basin in southern China. [Method] The field experiment was conducted at the Ganfu Plain Irrigation Area located at the Irrigation Experiment Center Station of Jiangxi Province. It consisted of an intermittent irrigation (W1) and a flooding irrigation (W0), each irrigation treatment had three nitrogen fertilizations: no fertilization (N0), fertilizing 135 kg/hm² (N1), and 180 kg/hm² of nitrogen (N2). Rice growth, its associated water use efficiency, and nitrogen emissions from each treatment were measured during the experiment. [Result] Irrigation impacted water consumption and leakage. Compared with W0, W1 reduced irrigation water usage by 18.12%~28.37%, water leakage by 13.68% to 22.85%, and saved water by 28.77%. Depending on nitrogen application, W1 treatments increased the average yield by 16.57% to 29.94% and reduced average nitrogen emissions by16.42%, compared to the W0 treatments. Increasing nitrogen fertilization led to an increase in nitrogen emission when the irrigation was the same; fertilization had a significant effect on ammonia volatilization. Irrigation-fertilization did not show a significant interactive impact on ammonia volatilization. [Conclusion] The optimal irrigation and fertilization for rice production in Poyang Lake Basin was intermittent irrigation coupled with fertilizing 135 kg/hm² of N. Compared to W0+N2 - flooding irrigation with 180 kg/hm² of nitrogen fertilization, the optimal irrigation and fertigation can increase rice yield by 9.82%, reduce irrigation amount, nitrogen pollution and nitrogen emissions by 27.54%, 25.67% and 11.90%, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]