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ObjectiveA local dynamic collision avoidance algorithm based on an improved fast-marching square (IFMS) method is proposed to solve the multi-vessel collision avoidance problem of unmanned sailboats in open water. MethodsConsidering the uncontrollable speed of a sailboat, its collision avoidance behavior is transformed into a heading control problem, with the direction of the total potential field gradient decreasing as the desired collision avoidance heading. When sailing without risk of collision or downwind, a temporal potential field is constructed to avoid all stationary irregular obstacles and reach the target point. When the sailboat has sailing constraints, Gaussian likelihood functions are designed for specific encounter situations to dynamically construct obstacle potential fields according to the convention on the international regulations for preventing collisions at sea (COLREGS), while the local wind potential field is introduced to consider the dead zone of a sailboat and realize the application requirements of combining dynamic collision avoidance with a zigzag sailing strategy. ResultsThe results show that the proposed algorithm can enable an unmanned sailboat to successfully achieve collision avoidance operations with other sailboats and restricted motor vessels in various encounter situations, while complying with collision avoidance rules and avoiding navigational dead zones. Compared with the original fast-marching square (FMS) algorithm, the upwind sailing time is significantly reduced and the planned collision avoidance trajectory is safer and more reasonable.ConclusionThe proposed method complies with the characteristics of sailboat motion and collision avoidance rules, has high safety and robustness in complex environments, and possesses scientific value regarding the development of autonomous obstacle avoidance technology for unmanned sailboats.

Objective: A method for determining the residues of 30 antiparasitic drugs in animal-derived food using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) was established. Methods: The samples were extracted with acetonitrile and 1% ammonia acetic ether and purified by QuEChERS. After purification, Waters ACQUITY UPLCTM BEH C18 column was used for separation, and a gradient elution of 10 mmol/L ammonium formate (containing 0.1% formic acid) aqueous solution, acetonitrile:methanol (50:50, v:v) was performed as the mobile phase. Detection was carried out using electrospray ionization (ESI) in both positive and negative ion modes using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM). Matrix-matched external standard quantification was used. Results: Under the optimized conditions, the 30 antiparasitic drugs showed good linearity within their respective linear ranges, with coefficient of determination (r2) greater than 0.99. The recoveries ranged from 70.1% to 111%, and the relative standard deviations were between 0.10% and 9.1% (n=6). The method detection limit ranged from 0.001 to 0.3 μg/kg, and the method quantification limit ranged from 0.004 to 1 μg/kg. Conclusion: The method is sensitive, accurate, and exhibits good repeatability and stability, making it suitable for detecting various antiparasitic drug residues in animal-derived food.

Volume array is a kind of three-dimensional array composed of multiple hydrophones, which can increase the aperture of the receiving array of the submarine target and obtain a large spatial gain. In engineering, it is often made into an array with the function of folding and expanding for dropping sonar at low frequency. Because the parameters and amplitude gain of the devices in each hydrophone channel are inconsistent, there are amplitude-phase errors between the signals received by each element of the volume array. In this study, a double-ring volume array model with amplitude-phase errors was established, and the effects of the amplitude-phase errors on the covariance matrix, as well as the output signal-to-noise ratio(SNR), array gain, and azimuth estimation accuracy of the minimum variance distortionless response(MVDR) beamformers, were statistically analyzed. The computer simulation results show that the existence of array amplitude-phase error will reduce the output SNR and array gain of MVDR beamformers. For phase error, when the input SNR is above −5 dB, the effect becomes more and more obvious with the increase in the input SNR. As for the amplitude error, when the input SNR is above −10 dB, the amplitude error has a more significant effect on the output SNR and array gain of MVDR beamformers. Moreover, the azimuth estimation accuracy of MVDR beamforming is more sensitive to the phase error than the amplitude error.

ObjectiveAn unmanned sailboat trajectory tracking method based on model predictive control (MPC) is proposed for the collaborative operation of unmanned sailboats in surface/underwater cross-domain heterogeneous marine robotics scenarios.MethodsUsing the unmanned sailboat Seagull, we establish its dynamics and kinematics models, analyze its dynamic characteristics and actuator constraints, construct the MPC objective function and system constraints, convert the trajectory tracking problem of the unmanned sailboat into an optimization problem and carry out simulation and experimental validation using Matlab software.ResultsThe simulation results show that compared with the sail-rudder separate PID trajectory tracking control method, the proposed sail-rudder joint MPC control method is more convenient for adding constraints. It can converge to the specified trajectory faster with smaller trajectory tracking error under a changing wind direction and realize upwind zigzag sailing.ConclusionThe results of this study can provide new ideas for the sail and rudder control of unmanned sailboats, improve the trajectory tracking ability and provide a further technical guarantee for the efficient collaborative operation of unmanned sailboats and AUVs.

To study the constituents of Isodon macrocalyx, thirteen diterpenoids were isolated and purified from the aerial parts of I. macrocalyx by means of various column chromatographic techniques, including silica gel, ODS, Sephadex LH-20 and RP-C18 pre-HPLC. The structures of the isolated diterpenoids were determined on the basis of analyses of spectroscopic methods (1H NMR and 13C NMR spectroscopy), high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HR-ESI-MS), and comparison of their spectroscopic data with previously reported data. The results showed that the diterpenoids were identified as 19-hydroxytotarol (1), macrophynin E (2), inumakoic acid (3), inumakiol D (4), 4β-carboxy-19-nortotarol (5), (-)-lambertic acid (6), 2-oxo-5-fagonene (7), isodoterniofiln B (8), longikaurin E (9), longikaurin A (10), rabdotemin H (11), 16S-dihydrolongikaurin A (12), and ent-3S,16S,17-trihydroxy-kauran-2-one (13). All diterpenoids were isolated from I. macrocalyx for the first time.

Tea grade evaluation is a systematic work with complex and subjective. Grade information from its relevant quality data extracted enables to establish rapid identification method, later of which has guiding meaning to tea production. To establish a rapid identification method of white tea grades, 200 white tea (Bai Mudan) samples with 4 grades were selected as the research objects in this paper, near infrared spectroscopy and gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry were used to collect original data. The data dimensions were reduced by principal component analysis or linear discriminant analysis, combed with 7 data mining classifier algorithms to rapidly evaluate the grades of white tea. Results showed that linear discriminant analysis was suitable for dimensionality reduction of the original data from near infrared spectra and gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry. After dimensionality reduction of the original data using linear discriminant analysis, classification algorithm including adaptive boosting (Adaboost), k-nearest neighbor (KNN) and multi-layer perceptron (MLP), and random forests (RF), stochastic gradient descent (SGD) and support vector machines (SVM) were used for establishment of white tea grade discriminant models based on near infrared spectroscopy, the correct rate of these models were greater than 94%, and the AUC of the model evaluation index was≥0.95. The discriminant rates of MLP, SGD and SVM models based on gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry filtered spectrum data were 91%~93% and the AUC value were 0.94~0.96. The positive judgment rate of models from Adaboost, decision tree (DT), KNN, MLP, SGD and SVM models based on gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry labeled substance data was 100%, and the AUC was 1.0, while the model evaluation index of RF model were 96% and 0.98, respectively. With near infrared spectrum and volatile compound characteristic data as important parameters for white tea grade evaluation, 6 and 10 kinds of grade discrimination models were built, which could accurately determine the grade of white tea, and the classifier algorithm was suitable for the modeling of these two types of data.

As one of the core components of Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS), automotive millimeter-wave radar has become the focus of scholars and manufacturers at home and abroad because it has the advantages of all-day and all-weather operation, miniaturization, high integration, and key sensing capabilities. The core performance indicators of the automotive millimeter-wave radar are distance, speed, angular resolution, and field of view. Accuracy, cost, real-time and detection performance, and volume are the key issues to be considered. The increasing performance requirements pose several challenges for the signal processing of millimeter-wave radar systems. Radar signal processing technology is crucial for improving radar performance to meet more stringent requirements. Obtaining dense radar point clouds, generating accurate radar imaging results, and mitigating mutual interference among multiple radar systems are the key points and the foundation for subsequent tracking, recognition, and other applications. Therefore, this paper discusses the practical application of the automotive millimeter-wave radar system based on the key technologies of signal processing, summarizes relevant research results, and mainly discusses the topics of point cloud imaging processing, synthetic aperture radar imaging processing, and interference suppression. Finally, herein, we summarize the research status at home and abroad. Moreover, future development trends for automotive millimeter-wave radar systems are forecast with the hope of enlightening readers in related fields.

Super-resolution Direction of Arrival (DOA) estimation is a critical problem related to vehicle-borne Millimeter-wave radars that needs to be solved to realize accurate target positioning and tracking. Based on the common conditions of limited array aperture, low snapshot, low signal-to-noise ratio, and coherent sources with respect to vehicle-borne scenarios, a super-resolution DOA estimation method for a moving target with an MMW radar based on Range-Doppler Atom Norm Minimize (RD-ANM) is proposed herein. First, an array for receiving signals in the range-Doppler domain is constructed based on the radar echo of the moving target. Then, the compensation vector for the Doppler coupling phase of the moving target is designed to reduce the influence of target motion on DOA estimation. Finally, a multitarget super-resolution DOA estimation method based on the atomic norm framework is proposed herein. Compared to the existing DOA estimation algorithm, the proposed algorithm can achieve higher angular resolution and estimation accuracy owing to low signal-to-noise ratio and single snapshot processing conditions, as well as robust performance in processing coherent sources without sacrificing array aperture. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is proven via theoretical analyses, numerical simulations, and experiments.

A method was developed for the simultaneous determination of fat-soluble vitamins A, D2, D3 and α-, β-, γ-, δ-vitamin E in children's formula milk powder by combining online solid phase extraction (SPE) and two-dimensional liquid chromatography. The saponified samples were directly injected into the constructed system and purified by using the polymeric-based PLRP-S column as the SPE column. Then the target analytes were eluted in back-flush mode from the SPE column by SPE pump and refocused on the head of the first-dimensional column by using online dilution. Vitamins A and four E homologues were separated on a NuovaSilTM PFP column (4.6 mm×150 mm, 3 μm) as the first-dimensional column using a mobile phase consisting of methanol and 0.1% formic acid in water by gradient elution, and vitamins D2 and D3 were separated on a ChromCore PAH column (4.6 mm×150 mm, 3 μm) as the second-dimensional column using a mobile phase consisting of methanol and acetonitrile (90:10, v/v). The results showed good linearity in the range of 5.0~500.0 ng/mL for vitamin A, 1.0~100.0 ng/mL for vitamin D and 50.0~5000.0 ng/mL for vitamin E, and the correlation coefficients were all better than 0.9999. The limits of quantification for vitamins A, D2, D3 and α-, β-, γ-, δ-vitamins E were 5.11, 1.22, 1.25, 83.82, 57.27, 56.61, 54.82 µg/100 g, respectively. The spiked recoveries were 91.20%~104.47%, and the relative standard deviations were 0.94%~3.34%. The results show that the method established in this paper has the advantages of simple pretreatment, high automation, high analytical efficiency, high accuracy and good reproducibility, and is suitable for the determination of vitamins A, D and E in children's formula milk powder.

In order to improve the hydrophobicity of tapioca starch, and used it as a granular emulsifier to improve the emulsification properties of myofibrillar protein (MP). In this study, a hydrophobic modification of native tapioca starch (NTS) by octenyl succinate anhydride (OSA), which produced ocentyl succinic tapioca starch (OSTS) with different modification levels and degrees of substitution (DS), and the compound emulsions were prepared using OSTS and MP. The structural changes of the OSTS were analyzed by XRD, FT-IR, SEM, and PLM, and the emulsion index (EI), emulsifying activity index (EAI), emulsion stability index (ESI), Zeta-potential, particle size distribution, sulfhydryl content, and interface protein content of the emulsions were determined. The results showed that the hydrophobic groups were successfully introduced in the tapioca starch molecules, and the hydrophobic modification treatment had basically no effect on the crystal structure type of the tapioca starch particles. The EAI and ESI of the OSTS-MP compound emulsions improved significantly (P

To study the chemical constituents from the n-BuOH part of the bark of Taxotrophis ilicifolia, sixteen compounds were isolated and purified from the n-BuOH part of the bark of T. ilicifolia by means of various column chromatographic techniques, including silica gel, ODS, Sephadex LH-20 and semi-preparative RP-HPLC. The structures of the isolates were identified by physiochemical properties and spectral data. The results were as follows: The compounds were identified as icariside E5 (1), secoisolariciresinol 9-O-β-glucopyranoside (2), 2,4,6-trimethoxyphenol-1-O-β-D-glycoside(3),9-O-β-glucopyranosyl trans-cinnamyl alcohol(4), 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl-1-O-β-apiofuranosyl-(1″→6′)-β-glucopyranoside(5),3-hydroxy-4,5-dimethoxyphenyl-β-D-glucopyranoside(6), 2,6-dimethoxy-4- hydroxyphenol-1-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (7), isotachioside(8), ficuscarpanoside A(9), uridine(10), methyl syringate 4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (11), 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl-β-D-glucopyranoside(12), luteolin(13), ginsenoside Rg1(14), (+)-lyonirenisol-3α-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (15), myricetin 3-neohesperidoside (16). All compounds were isolated from plants of Taxotrophis for the first time.

Owing to the enormous amount of frozen water and the particularity of heat exchange, polar ice sheets act as an important indicator and amplifier of global climate change. However, the detection and cognition of the tomographic structure of polar ice sheets remain insufficient due to the special geographical location and harsh weather. Benefit from the advantage of strong penetrability and high-precision range measurement, the ice sounding radar is an optimal instrument for tomographic detection of polar ice sheets, which significantly promotes the development of polar science. Nevertheless, existing radar satellites still cannot detect ice beds in depth because of the complex low-frequency signal propagation in ice and an extremely long operating distance. This study focuses on the scientific objectives (spatial resolution: 100 m and revisit time: 3 months) and presents an in-depth analysis of the key problems of orbital ice sounding radar, including transmission attenuation, firn clutter, and cross-track resolution deterioration. With reference to the current state and trend of radar satellite technology, we proved the feasibility of the application of distributed Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) on the microsatellite platform for ice bed detection, identified the key parameters of distributed SAR and the technical challenges of orbital radar sounding system for polar ice sheet tomographic observation, and further explored the implementation scheme.

Objective To investigate the effect of Qingkailing injection on platelet function preserved in vitro. Methods A total of 15 bags of plateletpheresis (≥250 mL/bag), adding Qingkailing injection(1.25 mL/bag) at the final concentration of 1%, were stored at 22 ℃ with gentle agitation as the experimental group, and samples were collected on day 1, 3, 5, 8, 10 and 14 to detect the thromboelastogram (TEG), CD62p expression rate and mitochondrial membrane potential (JC-1). The control group was set up synchronously, with the same volume and storage conditions as the experimental groups, and samples were taken on day 1, 3 and 5 after preservation to undertake the same test items as the experimental groups. The differences of detection indexes between the two groups were compared. Results 1) In the experimental group, there was no significant change in K and α during day 1 to 14(P>0.05). The R value (min) increased from 6.12±1.58 to 11.02±2.26, and the CI value changed from 0.27±1.24 to -10.47±3.51 (P0.05), but decreased to 53.18±2.71 on day 8 and 22.88±3.45 on day 14 (P0.05), but JC-1 (%) was 86.75±3.88 vs 70.36±19.8 on day 5 (P

In view of the differences of existing anomaly detection methods and the applicability when applied to security protection of the industrial Internet of things (IIoT), based on technical principles, the network anomaly detection papers published from 2000 to 2021 were investigated and the security threats faced by IIoT were summarized.Then, network anomaly detection methods were classified into 9 classes and the characteristics of each class was studied.Through longitudinal comparison, the merits and shortcomings of different methods and their applicability to IIoT scenarios were sorted out.In addition, statistical analysis and comparison of common data sets were made, and the development trend in the future was forecasted from 4 directions.The analysis results can guide the selection of adaptive methods according to application scenarios, identify key problems to be solved, and point out the direction for subsequent research.

ObjectiveTo enhance the pertinence and applicability of polar ships with podded propulsion design, the power matching problem should be researched.MethodsBased on the overseas classification rules of ice classes and the results of ship investigation, the seaworthiness ranges of ships in different polar classes over the four seasons of the Arctic are confirmed. Based on the Lindqvist formula, the ice resistance levels of three typical podded propulsion ships in the polar regions are calculated, and the required power of a podded propulsion ship is obtained. Based on an investigation of mature pod thruster products on the market, a preliminary selection method for the pod thrusters of polar ships is established. ResultsCombined with the current single machine power and arrangement types of pod thrusters, the power matching results and preliminary suggestions for the selection of various ship types under different ice levels are obtained. ConclusionThe results of this study can provide references for thruster selection in the design stage.

In actual operation, the pigging period of wet-gas pipeline should be determined by some methods to guarantee the efficiency of pipeline transportation. In order to study the adaptability of common determination methods for pigging cycle of wet-gas pipeline in China, the disadvantages of minimum gas transmission efficiency method, maximum allowable pressure drop method and maximum liquid inventory method were analyzed. Additionally, the variation rules of pipeline transportation efficiency and liquid inventory after pigging were emphatically studied based on two actual pipelines. The results show that the key factor to determine the pigging cycle is the volume of liquid slug as a result of pigging rather than the liquid inventory in pipeline when the maximum liquid inventory method is adopted, and it is limited to determine the pigging cycle by static liquid inventory. In the case of large throughput of pipeline, the minimum gas transmission efficiency method and the maximum allowable liquid inventory method are also limited for the pigging cycle obtained is infinite. For actual pipelines, the pigging cycle obtained by the minimum gas transmission efficiency method or the maximum liquid inventory method is too short, which cannot provide guidance for determination of field pigging cycle.

Telecom operators innovate continually in data management modes and combine data marketing with social red envelope activities,consequently launching data red envelope activities,which stimulates customers’ interest of data using.Faced with the research pain points of customer characteristics and propagation modes of socialized traffic red envelopes and the current status of the single community modeling algorithm,the detailed research and comparison of the application effects of the six community modeling algorithms were conducted to select the optimal traffic envelope algorithm,and the characteristics of the core value customer groups were located and analyzed.Results show that Multi-Level algorithm performs better in data red-envelope scenario.Based on this algorithm,four characteristic customer groups were mined,namely seed customer,high-value customer,low-value customer and silent customer.The social network clustering conclusion provided effective guidance for operators’ precise marketing,precise push and other marketing activities,as well as other customer operation management such as silent customer activation,lost customer recovery and so on.

Background and Objective Mortality of lung cancer can be decreased by early screening effectively. However, consistent and proficient standards & methods have not been established in China. This study was based on pulmonary nodules/lung cancer comprehensive management platform established by West China Hospital, Sichuan University. Early screening of pulmonary nodules was integrated into standard healthcare of lung cancer system, aiming to improve survivals of lung cancer patients. Methods Three cohorts were established: healthy populations, pulmonary nodules cohort and lung cancer patients cohort, and related clinical data will be collected and analyzed. Preliminary plan includes verifying effect of pulmonary nodules screening module. Results Pulmonary nodules screening was performed in 2,836 employers (>40 years old) of West China Hospital. Lung cancers were diagnosed in 66 participants, all receiving surgery to remove the lesions. 65 of them were with early stage diseases, 1 with lung cancer and brain metastasis. Conclusion Proficient screening, follow-up and healthcare can be achieved via pulmonary nodules/lung cancer comprehensive management mode, which will be extended all over west China region in future.

Using micaps data, Doppler radar data and mesoscale meteorological data, etc, eighteen hail events occurred in Jinhua area during 9 years were analyzed. The results showed that:(1) the weather types of hail in Jinhua can be classified into two types, i.e., westerly trough type and subtropical high type. The annual high occurrence time is concentrated in spring and summer, while the diurnal peak is concentrated in the afternoon. (2) The convective available potential energy and wind vertical shear are two important factors for hail generation. Hail in summer mostly occurred in high energy and weak wind shear environment. Hail in spring mostly occurred in the low energy and strong wind shear environment. Large hail occurred in high energy environment, especially in the high energy and medium shear environment. (3) The moisture content of the atmosphere before the occurrence of hail is very high. The average value of PWV can reach 40.8 mm, and level of wet blub zero is appropriate. (4) The lifetime of hail is more than 1 hour, and the maximum radar base reflectivity is above 60 dBz. The distribution of storm top height of hailstorm cloud is consistent with that of echo top height, and has an obvious seasonal variation. (5) VIL (storm cell) of hail storm increases first and then decreases, with at least one jump in the middle. The sudden drop time after the maximum value is basically the same as the hail time. Strong weather probability (SWP) product is ahead 12~160 min of hail.

Objective To summarize clinical seizures and electroencephalography (EEG) characteristics of patients with anti ? leucine ? rich glioma ? inactivated 1 (LGI1) antibody ? associated encephalitis. Methods Clinical manifestations, imaging and EEG characteristics, treatment and prognosis of 35 patients with anti?LGI1 antibody?associated encephalitis, who were clearly diagnosed by laboratory examinations and followed up for 2 years, were analyzed. Results Thirty?five patients included 26 males and 9 females, median age 57.35 years. Of all 35 cases, 31 cases (88.57%) had epileptic seizures, mainly as complex partial seizure (CPS), and 13 cases (37.14%) had faciobrachial dystonic seizures (FBDS). Brain MRI showed T2WI and FLAIR high?intensity signals in bilateral (16 cases) or unilateral (12 cases) mesial temporal lobes. 18F ? fluoro ? 2 ? deoxy ? D ? glucose (18F ? FDG) PET examination showed hypermetabolism in temporal lobe and/or basal ganglia (22/24). Thirty?one patients performed video EEG (VEEG) examination, among whom 23 patients showed abnormal background activity, manifesting as diffuse slow waves or regional slow waves in frontotemporal region; 18 cases showed anterior temporal epileptic discharges. There were 22 cases grasping seizures in VEEG, among whom 18 cases obtained epileptic seizures and 13 of them were temporal lobe onset CPS (10 cases) or simple partial seizure (SPS, 7 cases) including pilo?erection seizure in 5 cases, myoclonic seizure in 4 cases and secondary generalized tonic?clonic seizure (GTCS) in one case. Two of 6 FBDS patients showed epileptic discharges followed by temporal lobe onset. Twenty?seven cases received oral antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), among whom 4 of 25 patients with epileptic seizures had reduced frequency ≥ 50%, while 11 FBDS patients had no effect, 8 cases (29.63%) had anaphylaxis. Thirty?five patients received immunomodulation treatment, including intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) in 33 cases, corticosteroids in 33 cases, mycophenolate in 4 cases and zathioprine in 2 cases, the seizure frequency of all patients reduced ≥ 50% after treatment. After hospital discharge, 17 patients stop taking AEDs within one year and 26 patients stop taking AEDs within 2 years. Of the patients who were followed up for 2 years, 29 cases achieved epileptic seizure free, only 2 patients developed to chronic epilepsy (anti?LGI1 antibody were negative while seizures were not free). Conclusions Anti?LGI1 antibody?associated encephalitis is a kind of autoimmune limbic encephalitis with specific clinical characteristics, often presenting with FBDS and temporal lobe seizures (typically with pilo?erection aura) combined with amnesia, psychiatric disorder/abnormal behavior and hyponatremia. Early diagnosis and timely immunotherapy can achieve good prognosis. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2018.05.006

DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2018.04.012

As a platform of data storage,processing,and service,big data platform needs to support internal and external various big data applications.A solution applied PaaS technology to the big data platform was proposed.Details of the key technical solutions such as the architecture of PaaS cloud computing platform,hierarchical scheduling scheme,multi-tenant management and global scheduling of Hadoop tasks were described.It was proved that the platform could remarkably improve big data application development efficiency and help application deployment fast.In the meantime,good elastic scaling capability can effectively improve big data application system resource utilization.

Research shows that autoimmune encephalitis is associated with sleep disorders. Paraneoplastic neurological syndrome (PNS) with Ma2 antibodies can cause sleep disorders, particularly narcolepsy and rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (RBD). Limbic encephalitis (LE) and Morvan syndrome, associated with voltage - gated potassium channel (VGKC)-complex antibodies, which include leucine-rich glioma-inactivated 1 (LGI1) antibody and contactin-associated protein 2 (Caspr2), can result in profound insomnia and other sleep disorders. Central neurogenic hypoventilation are found in patients with anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor encephalitis, whereas obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), stridor and parasomnia are prominent features of encephalopathy associated with IgLON5 antibodies. Sleep disorders are cardinal manifestations in patients with autoimmune encephalitis. Immunotherapy possiblely can improve clinical symptoms and prognosis in a positive way. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2017.10.004

MQHOA was a novel intelligent algorithm constructed by quantum harmonic oscillator's wave function.Sampling was the basic operation and main computational burden of MQHOA.The independence of sampling operation constructs MAHOA’s parallelism.Parallel granularity was obtained by experiments of group parameter and sampling parameter,and MQHOA-P was proposed.Experiments were done in a cluster of ten nodes on six standard test functions.By changing node number,function dimension and sampling parameter,experiments of MQHOA-P’s speed-up ratio were done.The experimental results show the good performance of MQHOA-P’s speed-up ratio and expansibility.MQHOA-P can be deployed and run on multiple nodes in a large-scale cluster.

An improved multi-scale quantum harmonic oscillator algorithm (MQHOA) with energy level stabilizing process was proposed analogizing to quantum harmonic oscillator's wave function. Inspired by quantum model, the op-timization problem was transformed to finding ground state wave function of bound state. Harmonic oscillator potential well was used to approach objective function under the condition of Taylor approximation. Energy level stabilization, en-ergy level reduction, scale reduction were the basic iterative convergence processes of MQHOA, coinciding with its physical model. Only one subjective control parameter was needed in MQHOA whose wave function and zero-point en-ergy were defined with reference to quantum model. Experimental results show that MQHOA's performance is superior to several other common optimization algorithms. For high dimensional testing functions including Ackley、Griewank、Sphere、Sum Squares、Zakharov, etc, the global optimums can be obtained precisely with 100% probability.

DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2016.06.013

Demand charge and energy charge are the two main components of data center electricity cost,previous re-searches have not take demand charge into consideration.PEDC algorithm was proposed by modeling time slot,work-load,service quality constraint and response time constraint.With PEDC algorithm peak power was decreased by partial execution on the condition of service quality constrai and response time constraint.PE method was executed in the heavy loaded time slots to reduce peak power so as to ize demand charge.Energy charge and total charge were also optimized.By comparing with four algorithms and with accurately predicted,PEDC algorithm can reduce elec-tricity cost by 5.9%~12.7% and improve cluster utilization 1.32 times.

Since the performance metrics of digital communication systems over composite multipath/lognormal fading channels is intractable,a mixture Gamma (MG) fading model is used to approximate Nakagami-lognormal (NL) fading model.By using MG fading channel model,some exact closed-form expressions of the average error rate and outage probability for incremental cooperative relaying system are obtained,respectively,where per hop is independent and non-identically distributed.Finally,numerical and simulation results are shown to verify the accuracy of the analytical results.These results show that it is helpful to approximate the composite NL distribution by using the MG distribution in the performance analysis of cooperative relaying systems.

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality in the worldwide. The discovery of drive gene makes tumor treatment is no longer "one-size-fits-all". Targeted therapy to change the present situation of cancer drugs become "bullet" with eyes, the effect is visible and bring a revolution in the treatment of lung cancer. The diver gene and targeted therapy have became the new cedule of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) has showed 11 kinds of diver genes. Here, we review the functional and structural characteristics and the targeted therapy in the 11 kinds of driver gene mutations.

Background At present, the concentration of botulinum toxin A (BTX-A) injection in the treatment of hemifacial spasm (HFS) is different in various reports, and the efficacy and adverse drug reactions incidence are varied. Few randomized controlled trials are related to this subject. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of two concentrations of BTX-A in the treatment for HFS. Methods Eighty patients with HFS from 4 research centers were included in this multicenter randomized double-blind self-crossover controlled trial. Patients were randomly assigned to high-density group (given injection of 50 U/ml BTX-A) and low-density group (given injection of 25 U/ml BTX-A). They were subjected to a cross-over repetitive injection of BTX-A of different concentrations after recurrence. Therapeutic efficacy and adverse effect were compared between two groups. Results Both high-density and low-density BTX-A were effective. Cohen spasms strength grade scores before and after the treatment in high-density group were 2.89 ± 0.53 vs 0.24 ± 0.46, while in low-density group was 2.89 ± 0.55 vs 0.24 ± 0.46 (P = 0.000, for all). The therapeutic efficacy was not different between the two groups in different concentration order (P > 0.05). But the lasting time of therapeutic efficacy was much longer in high-density group than that of low-density group (4.18 ± 0.49 months vs 3.26 ± 0.44 months, P = 0.000). Within three months, there was no significant difference between the two groups in the decrease of Cohen spasms strength grade scores (2.65 ± 0.62 vs 2.66 ± 0.66, P = 0.863). Four months after treatment, it was different between the two groups in the decrease of Cohen spasms strength grade scores (2.60 ± 0.65 vs 1.70 ± 0.72, P = 0.000). Five months after treatment, it was also different between the two groups in the decrease of Cohen spasms strength grade scores (1.56 ± 0.94 vs 0.25 ± 0.49, P = 0.000). After six months of treatment, there was no significant difference between the two groups in the decrease of Cohen spasms strength grade scores (0.08 ± 0.27 vs 0.05 ± 0.22, P = 0.515). There were no allergic reactions and systemic adverse effects. The adverse effect of the high-density group was more than that of the low-density group (26.56% vs 7.81%, P = 0.000). All of the adverse effects were mild and temporary, and no special intervention was involved. The duration of adverse effect was longer in high-density group [(5.71 ± 1.61) weeks vs (3.16 ± 0.62) weeks, P = 0.000]. Conclusion This study showed that injection of BTX⁃A with different concentrations in HFS patients was safe and effective. With high-density, the repeated injection interval time was longer; the pain of patients was reduced; the cost of treatment was low; but adverse drug reactions were relatively evident and lasted for a longer period of time.

Background and objective Targeted therapy in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) had become a research hotspot. Both of gefitinib and erlotinib had already been recommended as first line treatment in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutant advanced NSCLC patients. The study aimed to compare the effectiveness and prognosis of advanced NSCLC with gefitinib or erlotinib, as well as the cost-effectiveness ratio of the two drugs. Methods Data of 66 EGFR mutant NSCLC patients who were included in Guangzhou medical insurance were analyzed. The efficacy and adverse reactions were evaluated. All the patients were followed-up regularly and the cost of the treatment was recorded. Results The median progression free survival (PFS) of all patients was 15.0 months. 49 patients received gefintib and 17 patients had erlotinib. The PFS for the two groups of patients was 17.5 month and 13 months, respectively (P=0.459). 31 (62.3%) patients had rash in gefitinib group, 16 (94.1%) in erlotinib group. Cost-effectiveness ratio (CER) in gefitinib group was 3,027 RMB per month, while 6,800 RMB in erlotinib group. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICEA) of erlotinib was 2.25 times of gefitinib. Conclusion For EGFR mutant advanced NSCLC patients, equal efficacy and survival benefit were observed in patients with gefitinib and erlotinib. The adverse reaction was milder in gefitinib group than that of erlotinib group. And with Guangzhou medical insurance, gefitinib had a superior cost-effectiveness ratio.

Background and objective Platinum-based doublet chemotherapy is still the standard first-line treatment for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Previous studies have demonstrated that pemetrexed combined with platinum had promising efficacy and safety profile in NSCLC, especially in patients with nonsquamous NSCLC. This trial was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pemetrexed made in China as first-line treatment. Methods The present study was a randomized, controlled, multicenter clinical trial. Patients were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive cisplatin plus pemetrexed chemotherapy (PC group) or gemcitabine plus cisplatin (GC group) every 3 weeks. The primary end point was progression free survival (PFS) and the secondary end points included 1 year survival rate, objective response rate (ORR), survival without grade 3/4 toxicity (SWT3/4) and safety profile. Results A total of 288 patients from 20 institutions across China were enrolled into the study. Based on the Full Analyses Set (FAS), the PFS was 168 days (5.6 months) vs 140 days (4.7 months) (P=0.16), one year survival rate was 50.0% vs 54.9% (P=0.47), ORR was 24.4% vs 14.2% (P=0.06) in the PC group and the GC group, respectively; Survival without grade 3/4 toxicity was 11.3 months in GC group vs 8.1 months in PC group (P=0.23). In terms of the safety, side effects were less observed on the PC group (81.95% vs 93.75%, P=0.003). The main side effects included leukopenia, neutropenia, emesis, anemia, thrombopenia. Conclusion The both regimens have similar efficacy as the treatment for advanced nonsquamous NSCLC, but pemetrexed plus cisplatin regimen has better safety profile and seems to have longer PFS, which makes it a new option as the first line setting.

Objective To investigate the relationship of IL ⁃ 17, IL ⁃ 10 and MMP ⁃ 12 with the vulnerability of carotid atherosclerotic plaque and cerebral infarction. Methods According to clinical stroke event 70 carotid atherosclersis patients were divided into asymptomatic carotid atherosclerosis (ACAS) group (n = 35) and acute atherosclerotic cerebral infarction (AACI) group (n = 35). The patients were also divided into vulnerable plague (VP) group (n = 38) and unvulnerable plague (UVP) group (n = 32) by color ultrasonic technique. Normal control group (n = 35) was established. The plasma levels of cytokines were tested by enzyme ⁃ linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results Compared with the control group, the concentrations of IL ⁃ 17, IL ⁃ 10 and MMP ⁃ 12 in ACAS group and AACI group were significantly elevated (P = 0.000; P = 0.000), moreover, the concentrations of IL⁃17 and MMP⁃12 in AACI group were higher than those in ACAS group (P = 0.000; P = 0.002, respectively). In AACI group, the level of IL⁃10 was lower than the ACAS group and control group (P = 0.000, for all), whereas, no significant difference of IL⁃10 level was seen between ACAS group and control group (P = 0.275). In VP group, the concentrations of IL ⁃ 17 and MMP ⁃ 12 were higher than those in UVP group (P = 0.000 and 0.014, respectively). In VP group, the level of IL⁃10 was lower than that in UVP group and control group (P = 0.000, for all), but no significant difference of IL⁃10 level was seen between UVP group and control group (P = 0.742). Correlation analysis showed, the level of IL⁃17 was positively correlated with the level of MMP⁃12 (r = 0.640, P = 0.000), and was negatively correlated with the level of IL⁃10 (r = ⁃ 0.430, P = 0.000). The level of MMP ⁃ 12 was weakly negatively correlated with the level of IL ⁃ 10 (r = ⁃ 0.242, P = 0.013). Conclusion IL ⁃ 17, IL ⁃ 10 and MMP ⁃ 12 all participate the pathological process of atherosclerosis and cerebral infarction. The elevated IL⁃17 and MMP⁃12 levels and decreased IL⁃10 level may be closely correlated with the plague vulnerability. These results would be helpful to discover the vulnerability of plague in the early stage and to predict the incidence of acute ischemic stroke. DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1672⁃6731.2012.03.020

In order to search for the ways to restrain the flowering process and promote the regeneration of bamboo (Phyllostachys heteroclada) , five types of regeneration experiments were conducted, including 1) harvesting all the bamboos in the first year and the flowered bamboos in the next year all at the beginning stage of florescence, 2) harvesting the flowered bamboos at the beginning stage of florescence in two consecutive years, 3) harvesting the fully flowered bamboos in the first year and the bamboos at the beginning stage of florescence in the next year, 4) fertilizing the bamboo floor before growing season in consecutive two years, and 5 ) no any manipulation. In each of the cases, the carbon- and nitrogen metabolism and related enzyme activities in bamboo rhizome were studied. The results showed that treatment 1 had the best effect, which resulted in the greatest number (207) of new shoots produced and with the highest survival rate (69. 33% ) , and had the most obvious effect on restraining bamboo flowering and promoting regeneration. Also, it produced the highest contents of soluble sugar ( 10. 89% ) and total sugar (20. 39% ) , the highest total sugar to total nitrogen ratio ( 34. 56) , and the highest glutamine synthetase activity ( 104. 52 mg ∙ g-1 ∙ h-1 ) in bamboo rhizome. These findings demonstrated that the carbon- and nitrogen metabolism in the rhizome had definite relationships with the flowering process and regeneration of bamboo, and the rhizome growth played a critical role in bamboo propagation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reports on the veterinary study of Huang Xiao-yan and colleagues which compared the adjuvanticity of sulfated astragalus polysaccharides. It states that the chicken were vaccinated and blood sampled by cardiopuncture to determine the peripheral T lymphocyte proliferation. The results indicate that the modified sAPSs could enhance antibody titer and promote lymphocyte proliferation which can pass as a new immunopotentiator.

Rosmarinus officinalis L. is a perennial evergreen subshrub of the family Lamiaceae in the class Dicotyledoneae. It is native to Europe and the Mediterranean coast of northern Africa and has broad development prospects in the food, medicinal, and chemical industries. Although the chemical composition of R. officinalis L. has been reported, the classifications and summary of the structure of its compounds are not sufficient. In this article, we summarize the chemical components of R. officinalis L. that have been reported over the past five years, including flavonoids, terpenoids, and phenylpropanoids, and their structure, and we introduce the applications of R. officinalis L., so as to provide a reference and scientific basis for the chemical composition analysis, structural identification, development and utilization of R. officinalis L..

Ovarian cancer is one of the most malignant gynecological tumors. Platinum-based chemotherapy is an important part of ovarian cancer treatment, with platinum resistance as a difficult problem in ovarian cancer treatment. Platinum resis-tance is a complex process involving a variety of mechanisms. This article reviews the molecular mechanisms of platinum resistance in ovarian cancer cells and the advances in treatment, in order to provide a reference for the clinical treatment of this disease.

Mycotoxins are highly toxic and carcinogenic to humans and animals, and mycotoxin pollution in foods is difficult to prevent and control, which has sparked increasing concern. Therefore, it is necessary to detect mycotoxins in foods. Traditional mycotoxin detection methods, although accurate and reliable, require expensive equipment and long detection time, which do not meet the requirements of the rapid detection of mycotoxins. Thus, it is necessary to develop fast, sensitive, accurate, and economical methods for detecting mycotoxins. Fluorescent sensors based on the fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) effect are widely used in the detection industry because of their simple operation, fast reaction speed, reliable results and low cost. This article mainly introduces the detection mechanism of fluorescence sensors based on the FRET effect, summarizes their applications in mycotoxin detection, and proposes existing problems and an outlook for future development trends, in order to provide a reference for the design of novel fluorescence sensors and the optimization of the sensitivity of mycotoxin detection.

Background Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a persistent immune-mediated inflammatory bowel disease characterized by chronic relapses and remissions. The management of UC remains a subject of contention, particularly as approximately half of the patients experience a complex disease progression marked by chronic activity or frequent recurrence of common UC symptoms, significantly impacting their quality of life. Objective The current landscape presents a growing array of treatment modalities for UC. This study aims to systematically compare the relative efficacy and safety of biologics and small molecule drugs in treating patients with UC. Methods Two independent researchers meticulously conducted a search for randomized controlled trials involving biologics and small molecule drugs for UC. The search encompassed PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, CNKI, Wanfang Data, and VIP. The intervention group involved either biologics or small molecule drugs, while the control group received a placebo. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool and RevMan 5.4. Paired analyses and network meta-analyses were conducted using R Studio. The surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) was employed to rank the included drugs based on each outcome indicator, providing a comparative assessment of the clinical efficacy of diverse treatments for UC. Results A total of 25 studies including 9 546 patients with ulcerative colitis and 10 intervention regimens (Filgotinib 100 mg, Filgotinib 200 mg, Upadacitinib, Tofacitinib, Etrolizumab, Adalimumab, Vedolizumab, Golimumab 50 mg, Golimumab 100 mg, Infliximab). The results of SUCRA probability ranking of clinical remission effect of each drug showed that Upadacitinib (94.1%) >Vedolizumab (85.1%) >Tofacitinib (74.3%) >Infliximab (72.7%) >Filgotinib 200 mg (51.5%) >Golimumab 100 mg (44.3%) >Golimumab 50 mg (39.3%) >Etrolizumab (38.9%) >Adalimumab (29.8%) >Filgotinib 100 mg (18.7%) >Placebo (0.7%). The results of SUCRA probability ranking of the effect of each drug on clinical response showed that Upadacitinib (98.4%) >Infliximab (84.4%) >Tofacitinib (67.2%) >Vedolizumab (58.4%) >Golimumab 50 mg (53.3%) >Adalimumab (34.6%) >Golimumab 100 mg (30.1%) >Placebo (0.4%). The results of SUCRA probability ranking of the effect of each drug on endoscopic remission showed that Upadacitinib (98.7%) >Tofacitinib (68.6%) >Filgotinib 200 mg (59.6%) >Adalimumab (55.2%) >Etrolizumab (46.0%) >Vedolizumab (45.9%) >Filgotinib 100 mg (23.4%) >Placebo (2.2%). The results of SUCRA probability ranking of the effect of each drug on mucosal healing showed that Upadacitinib (99.7%) >Tofacitinib (77.2%) >Infliximab (65.2%) >Golimumab 50 mg (46.4%) >Vedolizumab (44.4%) >Adalimumab (33.8%) >Golimumab 100 mg (31.9%) >Placebo (1.0%). The results of the SUCRA probability ranking of the risk of adverse events for each drug showed that Golimumab 100 mg (96.7%) >Golimumab 50 mg (92.1%) >Placebo (68.7%) >Tofacitinib (60.8%) >Adalimumab (60.7%) >Etrolizumab (47.2%) >Upadacitinib (42.2%) >Vedolizumab (41.3%) >Infliximab (27.0%) >Filgotinib 200 mg (6.6%) >Filgotinib 100 mg (6.2%) . Conclusion Upadacitinib demonstrated optimal efficacy in clinical response, clinical remission, mucosal healing, and endoscopic remission, and Filgotinib 100 mg demonstrating safer outcomes in terms of adverse events.