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Objective To investigate the occurrence of flight illusions and explore its influencing factors and countermeasures in army aviators in cold regions. Methods Comprehensive Flight Illusion Scale was applied to investigate flight illusions, related influencing factors and countermeasures among 74 army aviators in cold regions from December 2022 to February 2023. SPSS 22.0 statistics was used for statistical analysis to compare the differences among variables and identify the influencing factors of flight illusions. Results For the 74 issued questionnaires, all of them were retrieved validly, with a rate of 100%. The incidence rate of flight illusions was 32.43%. There was a statistical difference between flight time and the occurrence of flight illusions (P < 0.05). There were 3 types of flight illusions with higher incidences in cold regions, that is distance illusion (20.27%), tilt illusion (18.92%) and relative position illusion (16.22%). The 3 flight illusions with relatively lower incidences were detachment phenomenon (4.05%), rotational illusion (4.05%), and inverted flight illusion (2.70%). After occurrence of illusions, 66.67% of the aviators experienced symptoms such as tension, "hard-to-move lever" headache, dizziness and post-flight insomnia. Almost all of the aviators were of fully awareness and acceptance of the active approaches to dealing with flight illusions, but still 50% of them believed that passive waiting intervention measures could be used. The results of statistical analysis on related influencing factors indicated that statistical differences were observed in all the listed items except flight subject with the occurrence of flight illusions (P < 0.05). Conclusion During short period flight in cold regions in winter, army aviators experience obvious psychological and physiological reactions after occurrence of flight illusions, and their anxiety and fatigue state, external climate and landform environment, and cabin interface and flight parameters are all related to the occurrence.

Drying is the main energy consumption in the grain industry. At present, most grain drying are using machines or drying towers, but its heat loss and energy consumption is large. Some of dryers use coal as heat source and cause serious environmental pollution. In addition, the long-term storage of grain is prone to mildew and insect pests. At the same time, long-term storage of grain will lead to low water content of grain and affect the processing quality of grain. Therefore, it’s significant to realize the high-quality-low-energy consumption drying and long-term safe storage of grain to ensure the quality of exported grain. A multifunctional grain storage system with low temperature drying, refrigeration, and humidification was proposed. The equipment was developed according to the system. It had three functions such as low temperature drying mode, low temperature storage mode, and humidification mode. The equipment can realize “one-stop” grain storage and automatic control of the whole process of grain storage. The experimental results showed the air parameters of unit outlet met the design requirements in the three working modes. The average drying rates of corn and radish were about 1.1%/h and 2.9%/h, respectively. In addition, the unit can save about 19.4% of energy compared with the dryer, and 51.7% of energy compared with the condensing and dehumidifying dryer through the energy consumption analysis of the system. The driving energy of this equipment was electric, so it was eco- friendly and easy to realize the intelligent construction of granary, coming with a prospect of broad application.

Perioperative blood volume monitoring and treatment is an important part of clinical anesthesia, which is essential for restoring effective blood volume, ensuring oxygen supply to organs and tissues, and stabilizing the internal environment. It is also an important part of rapid recovery after surgery. Selecting appropriate blood volume monitoring methods and reasonable fluid therapy during the perioperative period can optimize the hemodynamics of patients. But there is still some controversy about the intraoperative blood volume monitoring scheme. This article intended to analyze and review the characteristics and clinical value of various perioperative blood volume monitoring methods, and explore the strategies of perioperative blood volume monitoring and treatment, so as to provide a theoretical basis for preventing or reducing postoperative complications and improving the prognosis of patients.

After resection, abdominal drainage is generally used to drain the exudate at the surgical site timely and monitor possible postoperative complications. With the development of the concept of enhanced recovery after surgery, there is a great controversy about whether to place drainage tube and its retention time after hepatectomy. Based on the research progress at home and abroad, this article reviews whether to place drainage tubes after hepatectomy, commonly abdominal drainage devices in clinical practice, the timing and indications of drainage tube removal, possible complications and preventive measures caused by indwelling drainage tubes, and the improvement effect of intelligent drainage devices on drainage management. The above issues are reconsidered in order to improve the application and management of abdominal drainage after hepatectomy at the level of precision medicine.

Bacteria mainly exist in the form of a biofilm in nature. The initial adhesion of bacteria starts the life cycle of biofilm formation. Initial adhesion is a process in which bacteria in a planktonic state adsorb on biotic/abiotic surfaces and begin to form biofilms under the influence of factors such as bacterial components and extracellular polymeric substances. The initial adhesion of bacteria is affected by various regulatory systems. Therefore, it is of significance to study these regulatory systems. This article reviews three major regulatory systems that affect initial bacterial adhesion, namely, cyclic diguanylate (c-di-GMP) system, two-component system and quorum sensing system, and introduces the mechanisms of how these regulatory systems regulate initial bacterial adhesion. Also, the application of controlling initial bacterial adhesion to ensure food quality is summarized and future prospects are discussed. This reviews is expected to provide a theoretical basis for protecting food quality from being harmed by bacterial biofilm, which is of practical significance for promoting the development of the food industry.

Talent is one of the basic and strategic supports for building a modern socialist country in all aspects. Since the 1980s, the establishment of forensic medicine major and the cultivation of innovative talents in forensic medicine have become hot topics in higher education in forensic medicine. Over the past 43 years, the forensic medicine team of Shanxi Medical University has adhered to the joint education of public security and colleges, and made collaborative innovation, forming a training mode of “One Combination, Two Highlights, Three Combinations, Four in One” for innovative talents in forensic medicine. It has carried out “5+3/X” integrated reform, and formed a relatively complete talent training innovation mode and management system in teaching, scientific research, identification, major, discipline, team, platform and cultural construction. It has made a historic contribution to China’s higher forensic education, accumulated valuable experience for the construction of first-class major and first-class discipline of forensic medicine, and provided strong support for the construction of the national new forensic talent training system. The popularization of this training mode is conducive to the rapid and sustainable development of forensic science, and provides more excellent forensic talents for national building, regional social development and the discipline construction of forensic science.

Objective To survey the development status and actual needs of virtual autopsy technology in China and to clarify the applicability of forensic virtual autopsy laboratory accreditation. Methods The questionnaire was set up included three aspects： （1） the current status of virtual autopsy technology development; （2） the accreditation elements such as personnel, equipment, entrustment and acceptance, methods, environmental facilities; （3） the needs and suggestions of practicing institutions. A total of 130 forensic pathology institutions were surveyed by online participation through the Questionnaire Star platform. Results Among the 130 institutions, 43.08% were familiar with the characteristics of virtual autopsy technology, 35.38% conducted or received training in virtual autopsy, and 70.77% have establishment needs （including maintenance）. Relevant elements were suitable for laboratory accreditation. Conclusion Virtual autopsy identification has gained social recognition. There is a demand for accreditation of forensic virtual autopsy laboratory. After the preliminary assessment, considering the characteristics and current situation of this technology, China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment （CNAS） can first carry out the accreditation pilot of virtual autopsy project at large comprehensive forensic institutions with higher identification capability, and then CNAS can popularize the accreditation in a wide range when the conditions are suitable.

Objective： This study aimed to improve the yield and gelling property of lemon pectin. Methods: Oxalic acid was used to extract pectin from lemon residue. The factors of optimal ratio of solid-liquid, pH, extraction temperature and extraction time were optimized through single factor experiments and orthogonal experiments. The purity, degree of esterification and rheological properties of the extracted lemon pectin were analyzed. The differences of gelling property between the extracted lemon pectin and two kinds of commercial high methoxyl pectins (HMP-1, HMP-2) were compared. Results: The results showed that the yield of pectin extract was 22.83%, with total galacturonic acid of 76.06% and degree of esterification of 75.94%, when the ratio of solid-liquid was 1∶20 （g/mL）, extracting pectin at pH 2.2 and 95 ℃ for 75 min. The viscosity of the extracted lemon pectin was higher than HMP-1 and HMP-2. The calcium sensitivity was between HMP-1 and HMP-2, and the temperature sensitivity was similar to HMP-2. The sol-gel transformation of the extracted lemon pectin was found at 76.55 ℃ in the calcium ion environment. Conclusion: Lemon pectin extracted by oxalic acid has good rheological and gel properties, and can be potentially used as a stabilizer in acidic milk drinks.

Objective To investigate the enhancing effect of platycodon grandiflorum saponin D on the sensitivity of human rectal cancer drug-resistant cell line SW1463 to oxaliplatin (Oxa). Methods Human rectal cancer cell line SW1463 was collected to establish a stable oxaliplatin-resistant cell strain SW1463/Oxa. The constructed cell strain SW1463/Oxa was randomly divided into platycodon grandiflorum saponin D group, Oxa group, platycodon saponin D+Oxa group and control group. The cell proliferation curve was detected by MTT. Deoxyribonucleic acid methyltransferase 3a (DNMT3a), phosphorylated histone γ-H2AX, DNA double strand repair protein RAD51 and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(STAT3) messenger RNA (mRNA) expression were detected by RT-qPCR. DNMT3a, γ-H2AX, RAD51, STAT3 protein expression and phosphorylated STAT3(p-STAT3) level were detected by Western blot. Results Human rectal cancer drug resistant cell strain SW1463/Oxa was successfully constructed. Compared with the control group and Oxa group, the cell proliferation, DNMT3a, RAD51, STAT3 mRNA and protein expression and p-STAT3 level of platycodon saponin D group and platycodon saponin D+Oxa group decreased(P＜0.05), and the expression of γ-H2AX mRNA and protein increased(P＜0.05). Conclusions Platycodon grandiflorum saponin D may enhance the chemo-sensitivity of human rectal cancer drug-resistant cell strain SW1463/Oxa to Oxa, and the potential mechanism is inhibition of expression of DNMT3a, RAD51, STAT3 and promotion of expression of γ-H2AX.

Aiming at the problem of corrosion detection of buried gathering and transportation pipeline under trenchless conditions，a selfleakage magnetic field model for corrosion defects of buried gathering and transportation pipeline was established based on the magnetic dipole model and considering the magnetic charge distribution of corrosion defects.The waveform characteristics of magnetic induction intensity of corrosion defects and the effects of different height off the ground and size of corrosion defects on the magnetic induction intensity were studied by numerical simulation.Results showed that at the corrosion defect，Bx and Bz presented extreme value characteristics and the direction was opposite，By had the feature of passing zero and the peak value changed the direction；the height off the ground was inversely proportional to the extreme values of Bx and Bz and the peak values of By；the size of corrosion defect was proportional to the extreme values of Bx and Bz and the peak value of By.According to the oilfield field testing data，14 excavation points were selected to verify the distribution characteristics of magnetic induction intensity of corrosion defects，and 3 excavation points were selected to verify the relationship between the height off ground and the size of corrosion defects and magnetic induction intensity.

Steamed bread is one of the traditional Chinese staple foods. With the increasing in the proportion of mechanized production and market-oriented sales of steamed bread, the steamed bread industry has been developing rapidly. Under the production conditions of industrial steamed bread, the characteristics of wheat varieties and their corresponding flour suitability for making steamed bread, especially the stability of flour, could significantly affect the product quality, consumption experience and economic benefits of industrialized steamed bread. In this study, the physical and chemical properties of flours from wheat varieties with larger planting area and stronger representatives in southwest Henan were analyzed for the suitability of steamed bread, and the relationships between flour and steamed bread quality properties were also studied. The results showed that the wet gluten content of wheat flour in southwest Henan was high, but the gluten index needed to be improved. The proportion of strong-gluten wheat variety also needed to be improved. The values of flour color a* b *, gluten index, the dough softening by Farinograph, the area by Extensograph and the extensibility (L) by Alveograph are important reference indicators for evaluating the quality of flour for steamed bread. The wheat varieties of Zhengmai 119, Pingmai 998, Shaanxi Road 198, Zhengmai 1342, and Zhengmai 1860 are more suitable for making steamed breads.

Rechargeable aqueous zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs) have been widely studied because of its excellent performance, low price and environment-friendly, and the structure design of ZIBs cathode with high capacity and long cycle life have become the focus. PAN solution containing Mn(NO3)2·xH2O was used as a core layer and PAN solution as skin layer by coaxial electrospinning. Due to the concentration gradient diffusion, Mn(NO3)2·xH2O diffused to the cortex. And MCNFs with sebaceous glandular structure on the surface was obtained by carbonization. MnO2 was electrodeposited on its surface, and MnO2@MCNFs cathode with excellent affinity with electrolytes were prepared. The results show that the sebaceous gland structure not only increases the specific surface area of cathode, but also constructs the riveting effect between MCNFs and α-MnO2, which enhances the interface bonding between the substrate and the active material, reduces the shedding of α-MnO2, reduces the interface resistance, and shortens the electron conduction and ion diffusion path. The test shows that the specific capacity of the first cycle of 3% MnO2@MCNFs can reach about 581.16 mAh/g under the current density of 100 mA/g, and the specific capacity of 120 mAh/g can be maintained after 1000 cycles under the high current density of 1 A/g, and the coulomb efficiency is around 99%.

Through the chain operation of the catering for the Lanzhou ramen noodles (hand-extended noodles) traditional noodle products become a model for brand management and a sample of product-driven catering industrial development. In the process of Lanzhou ramen chain operation, the supply of wheat flour suitable for making Lanzhou ramen and flour standardization are one of the main problems affecting business benefit and product quality. Milling companies need wheat ingredients and flour standards for making Lanzhou ramen. Flours of wheat varieties mainly cultivated in Guanzhong Plain were used as raw materials, the ramen was made by professional ramen masters. The ramen were evaluated by full-time food sensory evaluators, so wheat flour suitable for making Lanzhou ramen is screened out to provide a reference basis for the formulation of ramen standards. The results showed that in the sensory evaluation of ramen making process, the ramen master was more sensitive to “Extending force”, followed by “Degree of mixing and hardness of dough”. The wheat varieties of Xinong 583, Zhengmai 366, Weilong 169, Xinong 822, Bainong 207 and Zhongmai 578 as samples were more suitable for making Lanzhou ramen. It was found that the total sensory evaluation score of the ramen making process was closely related to the Alveograph parameters, while the total sensory evaluation score of the ramen product after cooking was closely related to the Extensograph parameters.

In order to realize the detection of buried pipes without excavation and provide a theoretical basis for the weak magnetic inspection, the spatial magnetic signal distribution of corroded pipelines under the influences of internal pressure and geomagnetic field was studied using ANSYS finite element software. The effects of varing uplifting heights on the magnetic signal of pipeline defects and the distribution of magnetic signal under different defect depths were analyzed. Furthermore, the pipeline was detected on site by a self - made pipeline weak - magnetic detection instrument, and the detected magnetic signal was compared with the simulated result to verify the consistency. Based on the magnetic signal characteristics regarding corrosion position judgment obtained by simulation analysis, the detected magnetic signal data was analyzed, and the defect location was verified by excavation. Results showed that the recognition of corrosion defects and non-contact detection of buried magnetic pipelines could be realized by using this waveform feature.

Objective To investigate the relationship between residual dizziness （RD） and cerebrovascular reactivity （CVR） in patients with idiopathic benign paroxysmal positional vertigo （BPPV） after successful manipulative reduction. Methods Dizziness Handicap Inventory （DHI） scores of 117 patients with idiopathic BPPV were recorded. After successful manipulative reduction, CVR was measured by breath-hold-at-inhalation （BHI） with transcranial doppler （TCD） ultrasound, and the incidence of RD within one week was observed. All patients were divided into the RD group （n = 46） and non-RD group （n = 71） according to the presence of RD. the relationship between RD and CVR after reduction was analyzed. Results The total score of DHI in patients with RD after reduction was significantly higher than that in those without RD, especially the DHI-E and DHI-F scores （all P < 0.05）. BHI in patients without RD was significantly higher than that in patients with RD （P < 0.05）. In the non-RD group, the severity of vertigo was not associated with BHI （P > 0.05）, whereas there was a correlation between vertigo and BHI in the RD group （P < 0.05）. Conclusion The abnormal emotion and physical function of BPPV patients may increase the risk of RD after reduction. Good CVR might reduce the occurrence of RD.

The long - term stress damage caused by working load and additional load seriously affects the safe operation of the pipeline. Aimed at the stress detection of buried gas pipelines, the research was carried out on the pipeline weak magnetic stress external detection technology. By establishing the equivalent magnetic dipole model of the pipeline stress concentration zone, the numerical simulation of the normal component By and the tangential component Bx was carried out using Matlab software, and the distribution characteristics of the magnetic field components in stress concentration zone were obtained. A weak magnetic stress external detection on the Nanqi line 2 km gas pipeline under Changqing Oilfield combined with the magnetic field distribution characteristics of the stress concentration area obtained from the above - mentioned simulation analysis, 6 medium - risk stress damages and 14 low - risk stress damages were detected. The contact metal magnetic memory (MMM) detector was used to conduct excavation detection on two selected feature points. The MMM detection results of the two excavated pits were consistent with the pipeline weak magnetic stress external detection results. Results showed that the pipeline weak magnetic stress external detection technology was a new technology that could effectively detect pipeline stress damages, predict pipeline hazards and thus played an important role in assisting the safety management of pipelines.

Face recognition is widely used in daily life such as shopping,security check,travel,payment and work attendance.Face recognition systems need strong computing power and large storage space,so face images that need to be recognized are usually transmitted to the cloud platform through the network.Due to the problems of network coverage,congestion and delay,face re-cognition systems are difficult to meet the needs of actual application,and the user experience is poor.Aiming at the problems in face recognition,a face recognition method based on edge-cloud collaboration is proposed.This method combines the processing ability of cloud computing and the real-time performance of edge computing,so that face recognition systems are not constrained by the network status,and its application is more extensive and the user experience is better.In the cloud,the LResNet feature extraction method is proposed to improve the ResNet34 network structure,and the ArcFace face loss function is used to supervise the training process,so that the network can learn more face angle features.At the edge,due to the limited computing resources and storage resources,a SResNet feature extraction method is proposed.Deep separable convolution is used to lighten the LResNet network structure,and it has greatly reduced network parameters and computation.The face recognition experiment on edge-cloud collaboration shows that the system can recognize faces in real time with a high accuracy rate under any network status.

Objective: This study focuses on improving the stability and water solubility of astaxanthin. Methods: Phytosterol α-linolenic acid ester was synthesized by chemical method with phytosterol and α-linolenic acid as raw materials. Liposomes co-encapsulating astaxanthin and phytosterol α-linolenic acid ester were prepared by employing a thin-film ultrasound technique with the utilization of soybean phospholipid. Results: Based on the structure analysis by infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance, it has been demonstrated that the product was phytosterol α-linolenic acid ester. The purity of phytosterol α-linolenic acid ester was （90.72±2.09）% by gas chromatography. The encapsulation efficiency of liposomes co-encapsulating astaxanthin and phytosterol α-linolenic acid ester were （95.00±0.66）%, the average particle size was （158.70±9.70） nm, the polydispersity index （PDI） was 0.35±0.02, and the average zeta potential was （-33.87±2.48） mV. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that the complex liposomes were spherical with regular shape and uniform particle size distribution. Conclusion: Phytosterol α-linolenic acid ester could be applied in the preparation of astaxanthin-loaded liposomes.

BACKGROUND Blue amber is mainly produced in the Dominican Republic, Mexico and Myanmar. Generally speaking, the formation mechanism, composition and spectral characteristics of blue amber are closely related to its specific geographical environment. Therefore, the study on the origin of blue amber has become a hot topic in the field of gemology, archaeology and biological mineralogy, and the origin of geographical districts of blue amber has become a hot research topic. Previous studies mainly used infrared spectroscopy, X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and isotope tracing to carry out a relatively systematic study on the origin of blue amber, but were limited to the similarity of blue amber, and the spectral characteristics of blue amber from different origins showing similarities. Due to the low popularity of the application of some detection devices, the application of the detection method based on the above-mentioned corresponding devices is greatly limited. OBJECTIVES To identify photoluminescence (PL), Raman spectroscopy and trace element characteristics of blue amber with different origins. METHODS Photoluminescence and Raman spectroscopy combined with trace element analysis were used to study the spectral and elemental occurrence characteristics of blue amber from Dominican Republic and Mexico. RESULTS The results showed that: (1)At room temperature, using PL spectrum with 405nm as the excitation wavelength, the peaks at 450, 475 and 502nm appeared simultaneously for blue amber from Dominican Republic. In contrast, there was no significant characteristic peak in Mexican blue amber. The differences in PL spectrum of blue amber from the two origins can be used as a direct basis for the traceability and identification of its origin. (2)Using the Raman spectrum with 785nm as the excitation wavelength, the Raman peaks of blue amber from Dominican Republic at about 154, 468, 901, 1177 and 1312cm-1 were more prominent or sharper than those from Mexico. The ratio of the peak intensity at 1653 and 1446cm-1 (N=I1653/I1446) in the corresponding spectrum of the amber from Dominican Republic was significantly higher than that from Mexico. (3)Trace elements of S, Si, Fe and Cu were present in the blue amber from the two regions, and the content was S>Si>Fe>Cu. The content of Cu in blue amber from Dominican Republic was generally higher than that from Mexico. Therefore, the occurrence and content characteristics of Cu can be used as one of the evidences for the traceability of Dominican blue amber. CONCLUSIONS The research work provides theoretical and technical support for the origin of blue amber with different geographical locations. It can also provide a salutary reference for identification of the geographical location for other gems.

In order to solve the problem of direct preparation of magnetoplumbite phase structure ferrite coating by thermal spraying, the ferrite/polyethylene composite coating was prepared by plasma spraying process, and the phase structure and microstructure morphology of the composite coating were studied.Results showed that the thickness of ferrite/polyethylene composite coating was 1 mm.Spinel phase and magnetoplumbite phase existed simultaneously in the coating, with spinel phase accounting for 55% and magnetoplumbite phase accounting for 45%.In addition, many un-melted phases existed in the coating but there was no typical lamellar structure in the coating.By sacrificing polyethylene to protect the magnetoplumbite ferrite, the low melting point polyethylene was melted and ablated first in the spraying process, which took away part of the heat of the plasma flame flow, so that some magnetoplumbite ferrite had insufficient heat absorption and could not be fully melted.There was no melting cooling crystallization and the transformation process from spinel crystal form to magnetoplumbite crystal form, but retained the original magnetoplumbite phase structure deposited into the coating.Through this method, the composite coating of ferrite with magnetoplumbite structure was prepared by plasma spraying.

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are widely applied in the treatment of inflammation, fever and for pain relief based on its efficacy in anti-inflammatory, anti-rheumatic, analgesic, antipyretic, and anticoagulation. Moreover, the relationship between NSAIDs and immune cells is quite important since. NSAIDs can negatively regulate B cell proliferation via inhibiting prostaglandin (PG), improve the imbalance of Th1/Th2 and immunologic derangement caused by Th17 differentiation, inhibit release of TNF-α by macrophages and decrease the level of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, influence inflammation via controlling other inflammatory cytokines. In addition, the mechanism may be concerned with several signal pathways including PGE2 receptor 2 (PGE2-EP2), 5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT), glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) and nuclear factor kappa-B-interleukin-6- signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (NF-κB-IL-6-STAT3). Thus, it is necessary to further investigate the regulation and mechanism of NSAIDs on various immunocytes, potentially provide a new strategy to optimize immune funtions under trauma and disease.

Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of ivabradine on cardiomyopathy and heart failure(HF) with non-ischemic etiology. Methods A single-center retrospective study was carried out. Patients who admitted to Peking Union Medical College Hospital from January 2018 to February 2020, with non-ischemic heart failure, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) less than 50%, and treatment of ivabradine for at least 3 months were enrolled. Results Thirty-eight patients (24 males), with a median age of 31.5 (26.0-44.0) years old, were divided into primary (n=17) and secondary (n=21) cardiomyopathies groups. Ivabradine of 5 mg/d was taken in 65.8% of the patients as the initial dose, and 10-15 mg/d was tolerated in 57.9% of patients after 3 months. Six patients withdrew the ivabradine treatment. The mean value of heart rates decreased from (93.7±13.5) beats/min to (75.9±12.4) beats/min after 3 months in all patients and from (99.0±11.4) beats/min to (78.6±13.8) beats/min in the group with secondary cardiomyopathies (P＜0.001, respectively), while no significant changes in blood pressure were observed. NYHA classification, left ventricular end-diastolic diameter and LVEF were signifi- cantly improved in both groups after treatment (P＜0.05). After a median follow-up of 9.5 months, 4 patients died, all of them were patients with secondary cardiomyopathies; Thirteen patients with heart failure re-admitted to hospital, including 10 with secondary and 3 with primary cardiomyopathies (47.6% vs 17.6%,P＜0.001). Only one case of ivabradine-related bradycardia was observed. Conclusions Ivabradine is safe and effective in patients with non-ischemic cardiomyopathy to control heart rates and to improve cardiac functions, especially for heart failure secondary to systemic diseases accompanied by sinus tachycardia.

BACKGROUND Compared with zircon U-Pb dating, monazite has more advantages in the dating of some metamorphic rocks or highly differentiated rocks. However, the U-Th-Pb isotopic dating of monazite has been limited, because of high Th concentration (commonly>7%), many mineral inclusions, and rare dating standard samples. Previous research on LA-ICP-MS U-Th-Pb dating of monazite mainly focused on laser parameters, and lacked attention on ICP-MS conditions. OBJECTIVES To find suitable experimental LA-ICP-MS monazite dating conditions. METHODS Using 193nm ArF excimer laser ablation system and Agilent 7500a inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometer, laser parameters (laser beam spot diameter and laser frequency) and ICP-MS parameters(dwelling time of 232Th) were investigated. The laser beam spot diameter was set to 24μm, 16μm and 10μm, and the laser frequency was set to 3Hz, 4Hz and 5Hz. The dwelling time of 232Th was set to 10ms, 6ms, 3ms and 1ms for U-Th-Pb dating. Finally, the monazite sample RW-1 was used as the standard sample to calibrate the monazite sample Bananeira. RESULTS It was suitable for monazite dating when the beam spot diameter was 16μm, the dwelling time of 232Th was 3ms or 1ms, the energy density was 4J/cm2, the laser frequency was 5Hz, the carrier gas (He) flow rate was 0.35L/min, and the carrier gas (Ar) flow rate was 0.95L/min. Under these conditions, Bananeira's weighted average ages of 207Pb/235U were 510.7±8.6Ma (MSWD=0.87), and 513.8±5.7Ma (MSWD=0.38), which were consistent with the recommended age of 507.7±1.3Ma with respective errors of 0.59% and 1.20%. 208Pb/232Th weighted average ages were 496.9±8.6Ma (MSWD=0.596) and 499.8±5.6Ma (MSWD=0.37), which were consistent with the recommended age of 497.6±1.6Ma, with respective errors of 0.14% and 0.44%. The 207Pb/235U weighted average age of Huangshan sample HS-1 was 128.3±2.4Ma (MSWD=0.73), which were close to the zircon age of 127.0±2.1Ma (MSWD=0.93) in the Huangshan area. CONCLUSIONS The optimal laser and ICP-MS conditions are suitable for monazite U-Th-Pb isotopic age determination.

Wheat bran is the main by-product during the milling process of wheat flour,which is rich in bioactive substances.It could be used as the substrate for microbial growth in the process of solid-state fermentation and in various industrial production fields.The current research and application of solidstate fermented wheat bran in metabolites production,microbial inoculums preparation,whole-grain food processing,and feed substitution were reviewed in this study,and their prospects were also put forward,in order to provide a theoretical reference for the further and systematic research of wheat bran solid-state fermentation.

BackgroundFeCrAl alloy cladding, as an accident tolerant fuel (ATF) mid-term commercial technology approach, has received extensive attention.PurposeThis study aims to investigate the effect of trace Y on the internal pressure burst and oxidation properties of FeCrAl alloy cladding.MethodsFirstly, the crystalline grain size and micro-morphologies of FeCrAl and FeCrAlY alloy cladding samples were observed by optical microscope. Internal pressure burst and high temperature oxidation tests were carried out by burst test equipment and thermo-gravimetric analyzer with a moisture generator. Then, X-ray diffractometry (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) were employed to analyze the composition of oxidation products, surface and cross-sectional micro-morphologies of FeCrAl and FeCrAlY alloy cladding samples before and after high-temperature stream oxidation and the distribution of elements on the surface oxidation products.ResultsThe results show that trace Y is mainly dissolved in the FeCrAl alloy matrix, and no Fe-Y phase is formed. The inclusion of Y do not change the burst strength and the rupture opening morphology at room temperature (RT) to 1 000 ℃, and the high-temperature steam oxidation resistance of FeCrAl alloy cladding is significantly improved by the trace Y. Under the condition of steam oxidation at 800 ℃, 1 000 ℃ and 1 200 °C for 8 h, the oxidation weight gain of FeCrAlY alloy cladding decrease by 65.1%, 60.0% and 31.5%, respectively. Compared with the single Al2O3 oxide film on the surface of FeCrAl alloy cladding, the Y-containing composite oxide film with lower internal stress, higher compactness and better adhesion with the substrate is formed on the surface of FeCrAlY alloy cladding.ConclusionsTherefore, the addition of trace Y do not change the burst properties of FeCrAl alloy cladding, however, the high-temperature steam oxidation resistance of FeCrAl alloy cladding is significantly improved.

To analyze the dosimetric effects of shoulder position shift on target volumes and organs at risk (OARs) during radiotherapy for head and neck cancer, 14 patients with different types of head and neck cancer were selected. Based on original positioning CTs (o-CTs), the shoulder position was moved toward the superior inferior (SI) direction, anterior posterior (AP) direction, and the left right (LR) direction by 3 mm, 6 mm, and 15 mm, then 252 new CTs (n-CTs) were produced. After setting the movement, the new adipose tissue density was set to 1 g/cm3, and the movement of the bone tissue was also considered. The original plan (o-plan) on the o-CT was copied to the n-CTs and recalculated to obtain 252 new plans (n-plans). The differences between the o-plan and n-plan target volumes and OARs in field-fixed intensity modulated radiotherapy and the volumetric modulated arc intensity (VMAT) were studied, and the dose changes of the target volume D95% and spinal cord Dmax were compared with the movement of the shoulder position. It was proved that the effects of the shoulder position shift on the target volume and OARs for head and neck cancers are substantial, especially a 15 mm shift toward the superior direction had the greatest influence, reaching 4.16% (VMAT). The closer the target area is to the shoulder, the more serious the impact. The spinal cord dose increased greatly, reaching a maximum of 72.8 cGy, 100 cGy and 212 cGy (VMAT), respectively, for shift of 3 mm, 6 mm, and 15 mm towards the inferior direction. The o-plan and p-plan were analyzed using a 3D γ passing rate (3%/3 mm), that was more than 95% except for the 15 mm shift towards the superior direction. Radiotherapy technicians should pay attention to ensure that the shoulder is lightly touching the thermoplastic mold during radiotherapy positioning for head and neck tumors to prevent patients from shrugging their shoulders. The OAR dose limit should be considered in the planning design, and a sufficient margin should be left to prevent the excessive dose caused by the positioning.

BACKGROUND Seawater cultured gray Akoya pearls have become popular as jewelry in the recent years. In the early stage, some research focused mainly on investigating the cultured environment of seawater or freshwater pearls, element occurrence characteristics of each structural unit, irradiation treatment and the identification method of irradiated pearls. OBJECTIVES To further study the gemological characteristics and fine microstructure of a type of gray pearl with a white nucleus. METHODS Ultraviolet-visible reflection spectrum, micro-infrared spectrum and scanning electron microscope methods were used. RESULTS A brown transition layer of organic matter between the nacre and nucleus was discovered, which measures several microns in thickness. A layer with no fixed morphology composed of calcite and vaterite in the nacre near the brown transition layer was also discovered. Quasi plates of aragonite exist in the nacre near the surface of the pearl. The morphology of these aragonite tablets in the middle area of the nacre was more regular, the thickness of individual aragonite plate gradually decreased in the direction from the nucleus to the surface of the pearls. The reflectance spectrum of the entire pearl surface was consistent with the spectral characteristics of the outer single nacre. The brown transition layer had no direct effect on the UV-Vis reflectance spectrum of the entire pearl. Therefore, whether or not the brown transition layer affected the gray appearance of the pearl needs further discussion. CONCLUSIONS The research work has important guiding significance for the coloring mechanism of gray Akoya pearls and the identification of the formation attributes. It can also aid in the recognition of the fine structure and mineralization characteristics of pearls with a thin layer of nacre of 0.3mm to 0.6mm.

BACKGROUND China is the largest importer of copper concentrate in the world. Studying the mineralogical characteristics of copper concentrates imported from different origins can be used to support the origin analysis and solid waste identification of copper concentrates. OBJECTIVES To investigate the elemental composition and mineral assemblage characteristics of imported copper concentrates from different mining areas, and to discuss the mineralogical differences of copper concentrates of different genetic types. METHODS The copper concentrates imported from different mining areas were comprehensively analyzed by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and polarized microscopy (PM). RESULTS X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy analysis showed that the main elements of the copper concentrates were Cu, Fe, S, O with minor Zn, Si, Al, Mg, Ca, Pb. X-ray powder diffraction phase analysis showed that the main phase of the copper concentrate sample was chalcopyrite, followed by pyrite and sphalerite. Polarization microscope showed that the content of chalcopyrite in copper concentrates was between 88% and 98%, and it was found that chalcopyrite was associated with sphalerite, pyrite and pyrrhotite, and that sphalerite was associated with bornite, arsenotetrahedrite. Chalcopyrite, arsenotetrahedrite and bornite form intergrowths. Combining the analysis of different genetic types of copper concentrates, samples of porphyry, skarn and VMS deposits were composed of chalcopyrite, pyrite and sphalerite with respective special minerals of biotite, weddellite and lead anglesite. The main minerals of the IOCG deposit samples were chalcopyrite, pyrrhotite and talc. CONCLUSIONS Through the combination of XRF, XRD and PM, the elemental content and phase composition of copper concentrate samples were characterized. The mineralogical characteristics of copper concentrate samples from different origins have been more comprehensively analyzed, which is of great significance for risk identification and control of imported copper concentrates.

Maize ear related traits are directly related to yield, and the analysis of their genetic basis is of great significance for guiding maize genetic improvement. In this study, the phenotypic characteristics of eight traits were identified in 168 high generation backcross recombinant inbred lines (AB-RILs) in six environments over three years. QTLs for eight traits were mapped with 11,407 SNP markers generated by 10 K liquid chip in maize. A total of 32 QTL related to eight ear traits were identified in this study, including five environmentally consistent QTLs and three pleiotropic QTL. Further, we used the genotypic and phenotypic data of 507 maize inbred lines to analyze the candidate regions of major QTL and identified 19 candidate genes that might be related to ear shape. We finally speculated four genes as candidate genes based on the analysis of evolution and expression of the genes. These results provide the important marker information for the genetic improvement of ear traits in maize breeding and offered guidance for the cloning of genes related to ear traits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Guangdong Province is rich in rural small hydropower station resources, with nearly 10 000 small hydropower stations in Guangdong Province, ranking first in the country in terms of quantity. Small hydropower station has played an important role in solving rural electricity consumption and promoting rural economic development.However, with the advancement of technology, the adjustment of national industrial policies, and the advancement of ecological civilization construction, small hydropower in Guangdong Province is facing needs such as green transformation and strengthened management. Therefore it is necessary to analyze the problems and countermeasures of small hydropower in green total factor intelligent management. This research shows that small hydropower in Guangdong Province has problems such as hidden dangers in production safety, insufficient protection of ecological flow, low degree of automation in operation and management, and difficulty in supervision. Problems mentioned above can be solved by establishing a safety production standard mechanism, implementing ecological flow, promoting the green transformation of small hydropower, and carrying out all-factor Intelligent management and other measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wheat bran was taken as raw material to extract bran starch by alkaline protease method and ultrasonic-assisted alkaline protease method respectively. After extraction conditions of the two methods were optimized, the granular structure and molecular structure of bran starch were analyzed. The results showed that the optimal extraction conditions by alkaline protease method were as follows: solid-liquid ratio 1∶10 (g∶mL), enzyme dosage 529.92 U/mL, enzyme reaction time 50 min, reaction temperature 45 ℃and pH 12. The yield of starch was 30.40% and its content was 59.24%, while the powder was light brown;the optimal conditions by ultrasonic-assisted alkaline protease method were as follows: solid-liquid ratio 1∶15 g/mL, ultrasonic power 150 W and ultrasonic time 15 min. The yield of bran starch was 21.06% and its content was 90.64%, while the powder was white. The purity and extraction rate of bran starch extracted by ultrasonic-assisted alkaline protease method were better than those by single alkaline protease method.Analysis results showed that branch/straight ratio of the wheat bran starch was 4.69 and broken starch content was 1.78%. The starch bran particles were ellipsoidal, with an average particle size of 15.86 μm and radial crystal structure of A-type.

BACKGROUND As a new kind of jade, yellow-green alunite jade is difficult to positively identify and evaluate due to the lack of research. Yellow-green alunite jade is a new type of jade that has appeared on the market in recent years. At present, there is relatively insufficient research on its gemological mineralogical characteristics, which makes it difficult for its scientific identification and quality evaluation. OBJECTIVES To study the mineralogical characteristics and coloration mechanism of yellow-green alunite jade. METHODS Infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope, laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy were applied to analyze the mineral component, microtexture, and chemical composition. RESULTS The main mineral component of yellow-green alunite jade was alunite with a cryptocrystalline texture and grain size of less than 5μm. The very fine texture identified it as a delicate jade, but due to lack of interwoven fibric or scaly texture, its toughness was relatively poor. The alunite jade was composed of O, Al, S and K. The contents of transition metals such as V, Fe, Cr were relatively high, with average contents of 23591.52μg/g, 4717.99μg/g and 2077.67μg/g, respectively. Combined with the absorption spectrum in the ultraviolet region of 500nm and 826nm in the ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, it was concluded that the isomorphous substitution of Al3+ by V3+, Cr3+ and Fe3+ was the main cause of the yellow-green color. The texture of weathering crust of alunite jade was relatively coarse. The mineral components were alunite, quartz, goethite with minor anatase. Yellowish-brown color of weathering crust was due to the serious pigmentation by limonite, and especially goethite. CONCLUSIONS The study confirmed the mineralogical characteristics and coloration mechanism of yellow-green alunite jade, which provides a theoretical basis for the scientific identification and further quality evaluation.

The effect of temperature (T) on stability of squeezed soybean oil (SSO) were studied by four characterization parameters (CPs, conductivity, peroxide value, isovolumetric combustion heat and acid value)similarities and differences of CPs characterization results were further compared.Under the fixed conditions of relative humidity was 40%, partial pressure of oxygen was 21 kPa, illumination was 800 lx and initial headspace rate was 50%, regulated and controled T to 30 ℃, 40 ℃, 50 ℃, 60 ℃ and 70 ℃ respectively,SSO test samples were oxidized continuously in airtight container for a long time, four CPs at different oxidation time (t) were multiple measured in the same time, curve of CP～t was plotted, kinetic equation was regressed, rate constant (k) and apparent activation energy were calculated, the prediction model of metamorphic time was established and coincidence rate was verified.The results show that CP changed significantly with the increase of T and the extension of t, the oxidative rancidity of SSO has characteristic of simple series reaction,the prediction model of metamorphic time has a good coincidence, CP was different, and there was a big difference in k.The stability of squeezed soybean oil of SSO should be described by multiple CPs.

As the basic unit and micro-site of grassroots governance, rural communities are facing many cultural obstacles that restrict rural modernization. Focused on rural communities, this study sorts out the requirements of Chinese-style modernization on rural communities and the actual performance of coping with the cultural obstacles of Chinese-style modernization. It finds that the causes of these cultural dilemmas are mainly due to the disconnection of the system in the process of modernization, the deviation between concept penetration and the actual situation. On this basis, this paper proposes the corresponding cultural solution strategies. These strategies start from the top-level design of the national system, cultivate the concept of modern cultural inheritance, construct a modern cultural development system, shape a modern cultural integration mechanism, and improve modern cultural governance and service models. They are of great significance to continuously cultivating the rural cultural self-confidence of the peasant masses, meeting the spiritual needs of the peasant masses, realizing the value goals of the peasant masses, and promoting the realization of Chinese-style modernization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To analyze the predictive value of serum levels of procalcitonin (PCT) and cytokines on the prognosis of patients with COVID-19 at admission. Methods From November 2022 to February 2023, patients diagnosed with COVID-19 who were admitted to Beijing Chest Hospital were enrolled. Chemiluminescence was used to detect serum PCT levels, and flow microsphere array was used to detect serum cytokines IL- 1P, IL -2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-17A, IL-17F, IL-22, TNF-a, TNF- P, IFN-y level. ICU admission, mechanical ventilation and in-hospital death were defined as poor prognosis. After excluding patients with bacterial infection, the relationship between serum PCT and cytokine levels at admission and the prognosis of COVID-19 patients was analyzed. After excluding patients with bacterial infection, the relationship between serum PCT and cytokine levels at admission and the prognosis of COVID-19 patients was analyzed. Results A total of 176 patients with complete data were included, including 134 in the PCT-normal group and 42 in the PCT-elevated group, with a median age of 71.50 years and 71.59% males. Patients in the PCT elevated-group had significantly higher rates of ICU admission (38.41% vs. 13.11%, P < 0.05), mechanical ventilation (76.92% vs. 24.59%, P < 0.001) and in-hospital mortality (38.46% vs. 6.56%, P < 0.001) were significantly higher than those in the PCT-normal group. Serum levels of cytokines IL-6 (7.40 pg/mL vs. 4.78 pg/mL, P = 0.033 4) and IL-8 (10.97 pg/mL vs. 5.92 pg/mL, P < 0.001) were significantly higher in patients with poor prognosis than in those with good prognosis. The area under the curve for PCT, IL-6, and IL-8 to predict poor prognosis in COVID-19 patients was 0.687, 0.660, and 0.746, respectively; sensitivity was 52.78%, 55.17%, and 72.41%, respectively; and specificity was 81.58%, 74.19%, and 74.19%, respectively, as calculated from the ROC curve. When PCT, IL-6 and IL-8 jointly predict the prognosis of COVID-19 patients, the area under the curve is 0.764, the sensitivity is 70.00%, and the specificity is 80.00%. Conclusion Serum PCT and cytokines IL-6 and IL-8 could be used as predictive markers for poor prognosis in patients with COVID-19. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To scientifically evaluate the risk assessment level of lake reservoir type water source areas and take the Luokeng Reservoir water source area in Dianbai District, Maoming City as an example, based on the systematic literature review method, this paper constructs a risk assessment index system for lake reservoir type water source areas from three aspects: water element, management element, and socio-economic element, covering nine levels: water quality, water quantity, aquatic ecology, management and protection level, emergency level, agriculture, industry, economy, and life, with a total of 27 three-level indicators. And it analyzes and determines the risk threshold of the response index, uses fuzzy mathematics to calculate the fuzzy membership function value of the risk evaluation index, and uses the normalization formula of the mutation evaluation method to calculate the total membership function value of the first level evaluation index and the risk evaluation system step by step. The results indicate that the risk level of water sources is closely related to the investment in water source construction. Since the water source area of Luokeng Reservoir is designated as a drinking water source area in 2018, with the increase in investment in water source construction and the enhancement of protection efforts, the risk of water source areas has gradually decreased. From 2018 to 2022, the overall risk assessment level of the water source area of Luokeng Reservoir was ranked as higher risk, higher risk, medium risk, lower risk, and lower risk; The risk assessment levels of water elements are in order of high risk, low risk, low risk, low risk, and low risk. The level transformation of water elements is closely related to the improvement of the annual water supply guarantee rate, annual precipitation, and vegetation coverage rate of the third level indicators. The risk assessment levels of management elements are sequentially high risk, high risk, high risk, low risk, and medium risk. The risk assessment level transformation of management elements is synchronized with the construction investment of Luokeng Reservoir. The risk assessment levels of socio-economic factors are in order of lower risk, medium risk, medium risk, lower risk, and lower risk. The changes in risk levels of socio-economic factors are closely related to industrial wastewater discharge and economic growth rate. This result is consistent with the objective situation of Luokeng Reservoir and is highly reliable. Although the risk of Luokeng Reservoir is relatively low now, it still needs to increase investment in the future. The management department of the water source area of Luokeng Reservoir should actively cooperate with various relevant departments to accelerate the standardized construction of the protected area, increase the comprehensive renovation of the protected area, improve the monitoring level, management personnel level, and emergency level of the water source area, comprehensively ensure the safety of the water source area, and further reduce the risk level of the water source area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article analyzes the reasons for easy coking and blocking in the ebullated-bed residue oil hydrocracking unit. The coking prone areas and typical symptoms of coking in an ebullated-bed residue oil hydrocracking unit of a refinery are introduced. In response to the problem, the optimization is carried out from feedstocks, catalysts, reaction and fractionation conditions and others. Through introducing the purified FCC slurry into the residue oil and dynamically adjusting the residue oil conversion rate to control coking; when processing the residue oil produced from Middle East high sulfur and low nitrogen crude oil, the conversion rate is controlled above 75%; when processing the residue oil produced from Middle East low sulfur crude oil, the conversion rate is controlled at no more than 70%; when processing the residue oil produced from low sulfur and high nitrogen crude oil, the conversion rate is controlled within 65%. The ratio of replacement is con-trolled at 0.90 to 0.95 kg of fresh catalyst per ton of residue; lower control liquid level (25% ~ 30%) at the bottom of vacuum distillate tower, and increase the flow rate of distillate back to the bottom of the tower to reduce coking of asphalt on the bottom wall of the tower. And then, the sediment mass fraction of the bottom oil of the atmospheric tower is stable at less than 0.2%, ensuring the unit long-term stable operation under high residue oil conversion rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND Akoya pearl is a biomineralized organic gemstone. The mineral composition and microtextural analysis, and the identification method of color formation of this type of pearl are still lacking. OBJECTIVES To identify natural gray pearls from treated-color gray pearls. METHODS The spectroscopic and textural characteristics of two kinds of seawater cultured gray pearls with white or gray nucleus were comparatively investigated by optical microscope, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible absorption spectroscopy, and energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. RESULTS The gray pearls with white or gray nucleus had diameters from 5mm to 9mm, the thickness of 300-500μm. The nacreous layer and its corresponding nucleus of the two kinds of gray pearls were composed mainly of biological aragonite, and their corresponding nacreous layers were rich in Sr and poor in Mn. The pearl with the gray nucleus was rich in Mn. The valence state of Mn was increased due to irradiation, resulting in gray of the pearl core and the whole pearl. In general, the pearls with a white nucleus had an obvious reflection band from 300nm to 400nm in the ultraviolet-visible absorption spectra. On the contrary, those pearls with a light or heavy gray nucleus had a reflection band from 400nm to 500nm. CONCLUSIONS The two types of gray pearls are all marine cultured pearls. The difference of ultraviolet absorption spectra of the two types of pearls can be used as a basis for judging whether the gray pearls are irradiatedly colored.

BACKGROUND Groundwater is the primary drinking water source in the alluvial-pluvial fan of the Hutuo River. Pesticides application during agricultural planting leads to groundwater pollution. The pesticide pollution investigation work of this area in groundwater is relatively scarce. OBJECTIVES To study the pollution and distribution characteristics of pesticides in groundwater collected in the alluvial-pluvial fan of the Hutuo River. METHODS Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry was used to analyze 75 pesticides in 30 groups of groundwater samples, and the results were investigated by statistical methods. RESULTS The results show that pesticides were detected in all 30 sampling sites. 40 of 75 pesticides were detected, which include organochlorine pesticides, organophosphorus pesticides, and organic nitrogen pesticides. The pesticides with the highest detection frequency were 3-hydroxycarburan (93.3%), dioxathion (90.0%) and chloroneb (90.0%). The pesticide with the maximum sum detection concentration of 30 samples was carbofuran (4860.6ng/L). The average detected concentrations of three pesticide types in the study area were 70.8ng/L for organochlorine pesticides, 392.7ng/L for organophosphorus pesticides, and 580.9ng/L for organic nitrogen pesti-cides, which is related to the application history and property of three pesticide types. CONCLUSIONS Organochlorine pesticides were banned in 1983 due to their high toxicity and hard degradation. At the beginning of the 21st century, relatively efficient and easily degradable organophosphorus pesticides and organic nitrogen pesticides developed rapidly. From the top to the middle of the alluvial fan, the concentration of the three pesticide types decreased gradually. The spatial distribution characteristics of pesticides were mainly influenced by the hydrogeological characteristics of the alluvial fan. HCHs in the area were from the recent using of lindan or industrial degradation of HCHs, DDTs were from the release of new DDT or historical ultilization. The research results provide basic data support for groundwater pesticides pollution monitoring and groundwater-related standard formulation in China.

Strontium isotopes have become one of the effective tools for studying and comparing global geological events such as globeil sea level changes, orogeny, paleoclimate, and paleoenvironment. This article takes the field profiles and drilled cores of Early and Middle Triassic evaporites in the eastern region of Sichuan Basin as the main research objects, tests the strontium isotope compositions of carbonate rocks, sulfate rocks, and halite rocks, and establishes the corresponding strontium isotope evolution curves. The results show that the average 87Sr/86Sr value of carbonate rocks is 0. 707 895, the average 87Sr/86Sr value of anhydrite rocks is 0. 708 174, and the average 87Sr/86Sr value of halite rocks is 0. 708 177, and the 87Sr/86Sr value of carbonate rocks increased rapidly from 0. 707 413 in the Early Triassic to 0. 708 515 in the early Middle Triassic, and then showed a downward trend. Overall, the 87Sr/86Sr values Eire close to the published global 87Sr/86Sr data of the same period in the Early and Middle Triassic, indicating that the material source of the Early and Middle Triassic potassium salt in the eastern region of the Sichuan Basin is mostly seawater and deposited in a marine sedimentary environment. At the same time, the greenhouse effect caused by volcanic activity also provides climatic conditions for potassium salt deposition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years considerable research has been focused on distinguishing natural from synthetic opals. However, with regard to synthetic opals, less attention has been paid to investigate their microstructure, the formation mechanism of play of color and the form of water content. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) combined with Field Emission-Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM) were used to systematically investigate the microstructure of a synthetic opal. With the help of heat treatment, the formation mechanism of body color, play of color and the occurrence state of water have been preliminarily studied. Results show that the synthetic opal had typical absorption peaks at 2900 cm-1 and 1737 cm-1 in FTIR Spectroscopy. The absorption peaks of synthetic opal were more complex than those of natural opal-between 6000 cm-1 and 4000 cm-1 (in Fig.2). The color of synthetic opal consists of body color and play of color. The body color has a direct association with the substances filling in the pores among these quasi-spherical SiO2 particles with a diameter of 205 nm, and it gradually disappeared as the substances escaped from the pores (in Fig.5). The play-of-color of synthetic opal originated from three dimensional photonic band gap structures, which consisted of periodicity-arranged SiO2 particles. In addition, before the micro-architecture made by SiO2 particles was broken, the main color depended on the particle size and the substances filling the pores.

The dynamic die dry bending technology and its processing equipment were introduced. The technology could realize the softening, gluing, drying and non-destructive shaping of 360 ° arc bending of bamboo strips at one time, and realize the nin-free assembly of bamboo bending components, improving the automation and continuous level of bamboo bending products production. In addition, the method of segmental heating inside and outside at the same time makes the combined bamboo strips heated more evenly, and reduced the occurrence of cracks and glue opening. By adjusting the shape, size and curvature of the heating mold of the dynamic die dry bending equipment, the adhesive bending of multi-layer bamboo veneer was not only realized, the operating thickness of the bending part was increased, but also the bending and shaping of bamboo with various radians and shapes could be realized, and the operation was flexible. The related processing equipment included a dynamic die dry bending device and a hot press shaping device. The performance of bamboo bent products manufactured through the above equipment and methods could generally meet the relevant requirements of standards such as GB/T 3324-2017 General Technical Conditions for Wood Furniture, GB/T 35607-2017 Green Product Evaluation Furniture, and GB 18401-2020 National Basic Safety Technical Code for Textile Products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Identification of turquoises and corresponding imitations is commonly determined by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectrometer. Previous studies have shown that imitation turquoise was mainly composed of a single mineral phase such as hemimorphite, gibbsite, variscite, hydroxyl datolite, or magnesite. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy, X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and X-ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy (XRF) were used to investigate new kinds of imitation turquoises in order to classify them based on their mineral compositions and the method is described in this paper. Mineral compositions, crystal phases and crystalline appearance of different types of imitation turquoises were also compared. Results show that new kinds of imitation turquoises in this study can be mainly classified into three groups. The first group is mainly composed of silicate (larnite) and carbonate (calcite). The second group is composed of mixtures of calcite and dolomite. The third group consists of silicate, and minor barium feldspar, pyroxene and quartz. The mineral compositions of new kinds of imitation turquoises were significantly different from those of traditional imitations. In other words, the mineral compositions of imitation turquoises are becoming more and more diverse and complicated, which implies a higher demand for jewelry inspection agencies and researchers.

The particle size, morphology and crystal type of talc have important effects on its effective application and the function of the end products. Current study of talc focuses mainly on the surface modification, but there are few studies on their morphology and crystalline structure. The changes of morphology and crystalline structure of talc from Liaoning induced by strong mechanic grinding were investigated using X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry (XRF), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Infrared Spectroscopy, Particle Size Analyzer and Field Emission Scanning Microscopy (FE-SEM). The results show that the MgO/SiO2 molar ratio is 0.45, which is lower than the calculated value (0.75) for ideal talc. The crystalline structure has been destroyed after prolonged grinding. Namely, the structure of talc is changed from a crystalline state into an amorphous state after grinding. With the increase of grinding time, the particle size repeats diminution, enlargement, diminution processes. The morphology of powder was changed after grinding, which gradually changed to be a torispherical shape, and then had a refinement-reunion-refinement process. The conclusion of the circulation change has an important guiding significance and reference value for the further processing and application of talc and the study of related mineral powders.

Opal deposits and their corresponding mineralogical characteristics are rarely reported in China as far as can be ascertained. Recently, a type of blue quasi-opal deposit was discovered in Jinyun, Lishui, Zhejiang Province, which has attracted the attention of gem researchers. While the related investigation about this blue quasi-opal has not been reported elsewhere, in this paper, the mineralogical and optical characteristics of blue quasi-opal collected from Jinyun, Zhejiang Province are carried out primarily by X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry (XRF), Field Emission-Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM), X-ray Powder Diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transformation Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The results show that the main compositions of blue quasi-opal mineral are silica (95%) and a small amount of Fe2O3 and Al2O3. Meanwhile, an iridescent effect is found on the surface of both unheated and heated samples, which resembles those of natural opals. The XRD spectra with sharp diffraction peak are consistent with those of cristobalite, which is obviously different from some microcrystalline (such as Opal-CT, Opal-C) and amorphous opals (Opal-A). In addition, its infrared spectrum shows a typical frequency shift compared to natural opals. As a consequence, these blue ores are preliminary classified as quasi-opals and named as a variant of volcanic-type opals since the geological structure of Jinyun area has the characteristics of Mesozoic volcanic rocks. Based on FE-SEM investigation, the iridescent effect is attributed to imbricate structure on ore surface. Further research is needed to confirm their exact category.