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Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS) is a severe, epileptic encephalopathy.In recent years, a variety of drugs have been approved for the treatment of LGS. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved clobazam and cannabidiol as adjunctive therapy for LGS in October 2011 and June 2018, respectively. This article provides an overview of clobazam and cannabidiol, including their chemical structures, pharmacological actions, curative effects, safety profile, drug interactions, to introduce the current state of research and the achievements of both drugs.

Infantile epileptic spasm syndrome (IESS) is a new concept proposed recently. IESS is a unique and age-specific refractory epilepsy syndrome. The recent advances in molecular biology, neuroimmunology and the in-depth study of anti-epileptic mechanism in antiepileptic drugs have led to the achievements in the definition and treatment of infantile epileptic spasm. At present, the use of traditional antiepileptic drugs is decreasing, while the use of new antiepileptic drugs is increasing. In this paper, based on the relevant literature in recent years, the authors discuss the pathogenesis, epidemiology, etiology, diagnosis, treatment, therapeutic drugs, clinical progress, efficacy, and safety of infantile epileptic spasm, hoping to introduce the latest status in research and achievements of IESS.

The thermal expansion curves of 20CrMnTiH test steel with three compositions at different cooling rates were measured by DIL805 type quench deformation expansion instrument ， and the microstructures at room temperature were observed， the continuous cooling transition （CCT） curves were drawn. The test results show that the composition fluctuation mainly affects the cooling range of bainite and martensite phase transformation during the cooling transformation of 20CrMnTiH， and has little effect on the critical phase transformation temperature. The kinetic parameters of martensitic transformation of the three test steels were fitted by using K-M equation. Combined with the optimized Li empirical model and the regression equation of critical transition temperature， a prediction model of phase transformation prediction model of ferrite，pearlite and bainite during continuous cooling of 20CrMnTiH was established ，the influence of composition fluctuation on CCT curve of the test steels were predicted successfully. Furthermore， the end-quenching simulation model of 20CrMnTiH steel was established by finite element analysis method， which can better predict the influence of composition fluctuation on the hardenability of the test steel. This method can provide reference for the composition optimization design and material selection of gear steel.

Objective To explore the research hotspots and trends in the field of quality of life of oral cancer patients, so as to provide a guiding basis for quality of life studies on oral cancer patients in China. Methods Using the literature related to the quality of life of oral cancer patients published in Web of Science from 2000 to 2022 as the data source. The CiteSpace software was used for visual analysis. Results A total of 860 relevant articles were included after removing the duplicates by Citespace, and the number of annual publications basically showed an upward trend. The main body of the researches was concentrated in universities and research institutes in the United States and the United Kingdom, and the institutions and countries have formed a certain scale of cooperative groups. Research hotspots are the factors influencing the quality of life of oral cancer patients, assessment tools for quality of life, interventions and management of influencing factors. Conclusion It is recommended that researchers learn from the advanced theories and models of foreign countries to further develop a quality of life assessment scale more suitable for oral cancer patients in China. In the future, the main focus should be on personalized treatment plans, rehabilitation training methods and management, supportive care needs, and body imagery changes so as to better improve the quality of life of oral cancer patients. (目的 使用文献计量法探讨国际口腔癌患者生活质量研究的热点及趋势, 为我国口腔癌患者生活质量研究提供指导依据。方法 以2000年—2022年Web of Science收录的口腔癌患者生活质量相关文献为数据来源, 运用CiteSpace软件进行可视化分析。结果 经CiteSpace去重后共纳入860篇相关文献, 年度发文量基本呈上升趋势; 研究主体集中在美国和英国的高校及研究所, 各机构和国家形成了一定规模的合作团体; 研究热点为口腔癌患者生活质量的影响因素、生活质量的评估工具、影响因素的干预和管理。结论 建议研究者学习借鉴国外先进理论及模式, 进一步研制更适合我国口腔癌患者的生活质量评估量表。未来应重点关注个性化治疗方案、康复训练方法及管理、支持性照护需求、身体意象改变, 以更好地提高口腔癌患者生活质量。)

Power system planning, load forecasting, and energy utilization analysis are significantly impacted by power load anomalies, necessitating prompt detection and identification. Firstly, the abnormal classification, causes, and characteristics of power load data are analyzed. Secondly, it enhances the traditional Transformer encoder structure by replacing the mask multi-header attention layer with the multi-header attention layer and eliminating the feedforward network. These improvements aim to enhance the model's global attention to the load sequence. To capture trend characteristics more effectively and expedite convergence, an improved generative adversarial networks (GAN)-Transformer model is proposed based on the generator and discriminator game structure of traditional GAN. Additionally, a multi-stage mapping and training approach along with an integrated focus score scoring mechanism are introduced. These techniques facilitate phased load sequence reconstruction, enabling the model to better extract anomalous features of the load data. Finally, through an analysis of an arithmetic example, the results demonstrate that the GAN-Transformer model outperforms in terms of load data anomaly detection accuracy, recall, F1 value, and training time. These results validate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method. The findings of this research provide valuable insights for advancements in power load data anomaly classification and data repair based on deep learning.

In view of the high viscosity, poor fluidity and high transportation cost of heavy oil, water-annular transportation is an effective solution to realize the flow drag reduction during heavy oil transportation, but the large density difference between oil and water leads to the instability of water annular. For this reason, a superhydrophilic surface is introduced to improve the stability of the water annular in the pipeline and reduce the transportation resistance of heavy oil. Besides, the enhancement of heavy oil transportation by superhydrophilic surface was verified through numerical simulation and experiments in combination. Meanwhile, the effect of various factors on oil-water flow, oil-water distribution and pressure drop in pipelines during water-annular transportation were analyzed. The research results show that the superhydrophilic surface could improve the stability of water annular in the water-annular transportation system of heavy oil, with the obvious effect of flow drag reduction. Compared with the water-annular white oil transportation by ordinary pipeline, the flow drag reduction of over 17.49% can be realized, the maximum flow drag reduction is up to 50.15%, and the enhancement is within 9.06%-39.09% after the superhydrophilic surface is introduced. Compared with the white oil transportation without water annular, the flow drag reduction can reach 72.02%-78.21%. Generally, the superhydrophilic surface could significantly enhance water-annular heavy oil transportation with promising application prospects, capable of effectively improving the applicability of water-annular heavy oil transportation technology.

The precise detection of military targets under complex conditions is a key factor to enhance the ability of war situation generation and prediction. The current technology can not overcome the problems of smoke and occlusion interference, target height change, and different scales in aerial video. In this paper, a multi feature cross fusion and cross layer cascade aerial military target detection algorithm (YOLOv5-MFLC) is proposed. Firstly, aiming at the high confidentiality of the military targets and the shortage of battlefield aerial image resources, a real scene based aerial military target dataset is constructed, and the methods of random splicing and random extraction embedding are used for data enhancement in order to improve the diversity and generalization of targets. Secondly, aiming at the problem of complex background interference, a multi feature cross fusion attention mechanism is constructed to enhance the available information of target features. Finally, for the multi-scale problem of targets in aerial images, a cross layer cascaded multi-scale feature fusion pyramid is designed to improve the detection accuracy of cross scale targets. The experimental results show that, comparing with the existing advanced detection models, the detection accuracy of the algorithm in this paper has been greatly improved. The average accuracy of the algorithm can reach 81.0%, which is 5.2% higher than the original network. In particular, it has reached 55.9% in the smaller target category "person", which is 9.4% higher. And the experimental results further show the usefulness of the improved algorithm for small target detection. At the same time, the detection rate of this algorithm can reach 56 frame/s, which can effectively achieve accurate and fast detection of battlefield targets, and has certain experience value for guiding complex modern wars.

ObjectiveTo understand the current situation of tobacco use among rural adolescents in Sichuan Province and its influencing factors， to explore the relationship between smoking behavior and psychosocial influencing factors of rural adolescents in Sichuan Province， and to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of smoking among rural adolescents.MethodsAn "Adolescent Health Questionnaire" was used as the survey tool to investigate 2 671 students in the 8th and 11th grades of two township middle schools in Zizhong County， Sichuan Province. The structural equation model in Mplus 7.0 was used to analyze the relationship between adolescent tobacco use behavior， mental health， and life satisfaction.ResultsAmong the surveyed adolescents， 28.3% （756/2 671） had tried tobacco products， and 9.5% （255/2 671） had used tobacco products in the past 30 days. The prevalence of tobacco use was higher among boys （16.6%） than girls （3.5%）， and among 11th grade students （21.9%） compared to 8th grade students （7.3%）， with statistically significant differences （χ2=131.99 and 4.24， both P

Objective To explore the changes in the expression of long non-coding RNA (LncRNA) LINC00294 in breast cancer tissues and cells, and investigate its effects and the possible mechanisms on the biological properties of breast cancer cells. Methods The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were analyzed using transcriptome sequencing data from 41 breast cancer tissues and 11 para-cancerous tissues from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database (GSE45827). Then qRT-PCR assay was used to measure the expression of LINC00294 in 20 pairs of breast cancer and para-cancerous tissues from the breast cancer patients diagnosed in our department, as well as in the normal human breast epithelial MCF-10A cells and the human breast cancer cell lines MCF-7, K-BR-3 and MDA-MB-231. After MCF-7 cells were transfected with lentiviral vector of si-LINC to interfere LINC00294 expression, CCK-8 assay was used to detect cell proliferation, flow cytometry and Western blotting were employed to measure cell apoptosis and expression of related proteins, cell scratch assay and Transwell assay were applied to observe cell migration and invasion. Then, the effect of interference with LINC00294 on tumor growth in nude mice model of in situ subcutaneous tumorigenesis was observed. The expression of AKT/mTOR pathway-related proteins p-mTOR, mTOR, p-AKT, AKT, and its downstream target molecule HIF-1α was detected by Western blotting. Results LncRNA LINC00294 was screened out as a DEG in breast cancer tissues from the GEO database. It was also highly expressed in breast cancer tissues and MCF-7, SK-BR-3 and MDA-MB-231 cells (P < 0.05). Interference of LINC00294 resulted in reduced proliferation, enhanced expression of apoptosis-related proteins, and decreased invasion and migration abilities in MCF-7 cells (P < 0.05). The expression of LINC00294 was inhibited by HIF-1α interference (P < 0.05), and LINC00294 interference decreased the expression of p-AKT, p-mTOR, mTOR and its downstream target molecule HIF-1α in the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway (P < 0.05). Conclusion High expression of LINC00294 in breast cancer may affect the proliferation, invasion, and migration of breast cancer through the AKT/mTOR/HIF-1α signaling pathway, and LINC00294 may be closely associated with the pathogenesis of breast cancer.

Objective To evaluate the Orem support-education system theory in nursing of patients with autogenous arteriovenous fistula (AVF) for hemodialysis. Methods By the convenience sampling method, 60 cases of registered hemodialysis patients were recruited and divided into two groups by dialysis date: 30 cases in the control group (receiving dialysis on Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday) were given routine health education, and 30 cases in the intervention group(receiving dialysis on Monday, Wednesday and Friday) were given 3 months Orem support-education system intervention on the basis of conventional education. The self-care behavior level and dysfunction of arteriovenous fistula were measured and compared between two groups. Results After the intervention, the score of assessment of self-care behaviors with arteriovenous fistula in hemodialysis (ASBHD-AVF) increased in both two groups and ASBHD-AVF score was significantly higher in the intervention group than that in the control group (P＜0. 05). The incidence of internal fistula stenosis, infection and thrombosis in the intervention group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P＜0. 05). Conclusion Orem support-education system not only improves the level of self-care behavior of patients autogenous arteriovenous fistula for hemodialysis, but also plays an important role in reducing the incidence of arteriovenous fistula complications. (目的 探讨Orem自护理论中的支持-教育系统在血液透析患者自体动静脉内瘘护理中的应用效果。方法 采用便利抽样法, 抽取医院血液透析中心登记血液透析患者60例作为研究对象。按透析时间进行分组, 透析时间为周一、三、五的30例患者为干预组, 在常规教育基础上给予3个月支持-教育系统干预, 透析时间为周二、四、六的30例患者为对照组, 给予常规健康教育。干预3个月后对两组患者的AVF自我护理行为水平和瘘管失功情况进行比较。结果 干预后, 两组血液透析患者动静脉内瘘自我护理行为量表(ASBHD – AVF)得分均较干预前提高, 且干预组ASBHD–AVF量表得分高于对照组, 差异有统计学意义(P＜0. 05)。干预组内瘘狭窄、感染和血栓形成发生率较对照组低, 差异有统计学意义(P＜0. 05)。结论 Orem支持-教育系统不仅提高血液透析患者自体动静脉内瘘自我护理行为水平, 而且对降低动静脉内瘘并发症的发生率具有重要意义。)

In view of the risks and challenges facing China’s energy and mining security, this article analyzes the changes and development pattern of China’s energy demand under the target of carbon peak and carbon neutrality. The coupling development of new and fossil energy resources is an inevitable path for ensuring a stable supply of diversified energies in China in the future. In this article, we study the characteristics of fifth-generation communication, big data, blockchain, and artificial intelligence technologies and their application prospects in the energy and mining fields, and propose a technological path for reforming China’s energy and mining governance system based on the new-generation information technologies. Specifically, we explore the integration of the newgeneration information technologies with the energy and mining development technologies and their application to energy production, transportation, consumption, market, and government regulation. Moreover, we propose a strategic approach of building a new governance model of energy and mining industries based on the new-generation information technologies. To this end, it is necessary to strengthen basic research and equipment development, support new infrastructure construction in energy and mining fields, provide policy and fund guarantee, and establish a national intelligent platform for energy and mining safety production and trade.

Objective: This study focused on improving comprehensive utilization rate of ziziphi spinosae semen resources. Methods: With the ultrasonic power, ultrasonic time, solid-liquid ratio, ethanol volume fraction and ultrasonic temperature as the influencing factors, and the extraction rate of isovitexin-glucopyranoside in ziziphi spinosae semen as the index, the extraction process parameters of isovitexin-glucopyranoside were optimized by response surface methodology. Results: The optimal extraction conditions of isovitexin-glucopyranoside were ultrasonic power 405 W, ultrasonic time 60 min, solid-liquid ratio 1∶16 （g/mL） and ethanol volume fraction 75%. Under the control of these conditions, the extraction rate of isovitexin-glucopyranoside was 0.705%, which was close to the predicted value （0.719%）, indicating that the predicted value of the extraction rate of isovitexin-glucopyranoside fit well with the actual situation. Conclusion: The ultrasonic assisted extraction of isovitexin-glucopyranoside is stable and reliable with high extraction rate.

The establishment of nature reserves is an important measure to protect rare wild animals and plants and their habitats. This plays a positive role in alleviating the ill effects of change in land use and protecting ecological diversity. Since the establishment of the first nature reserve in China, there has been notable development in the construction and infrastructure industry. Owing to this development, understanding whether nature reserves can effectively achieve the purpose of protection has gradually become a hot topic. An in-depth understanding of the evolution of land use types in nature reserves and their adjacent areas can evaluate the effectiveness of the construction of nature reserves, provide decision support for land resource planning, and help maintaining the balance of the ecosystem and sustainable development. Understanding the spatio-temporal evolution pattern of land use is important to create and preserve ecological security in protected areas. In this research, we studied the land use dynamics in Guangxi Golden Camellia national nature reserve and its adjacent two-kilometer buffer zone. Land use information was extracted from seven Landsat TM/OLI images from 1986, 1994, 1999, 2004, 2009, 2014, and 2019. The spatio-temporal dynamics of land use over the past 35 years were studied using decision tree analysis and a transition matrix. The results showed that the land use in the reserve is mainly dominated by forestland, and the adjacent areas of the reserve is mainly dominated by forestland and arable land. Although the proportion of construction land is small, it has increased annually over the past 35 years. It was observed from the studies that the dynamic degree of construction land was always relatively high in the non-core region of the reserve and the adjacent areas, whereas the dynamic degrees of other land types fluctuated more gently, and the integrated land use dynamic degree of the adjacent areas was less. The core area changed more drastically, the change in the trend of the comprehensive land use dynamic degree in the adjacent areas and the non-core area was similar. After the establishment of the reserve, human disturbance was reduced in this region, and the land-use pattern became more stable. Furthermore, the conversion of land use types in the adjacent areas was frequent, of which the transfer and exchange between cultivated land and forest land was the most drastic, the conversion of land use in the non-core region was less. This shows that the establishment and management of the reserve effectively protects the local ecological environment. Additionally, the studies showed that the migration of the land use center of gravity had a certain direction. The center of gravity of all land use types in the non-core area of the reserve generally migrated to the northeast, and the center of gravity of construction land and cultivated land in the adjacent area of the reserve generally migrated to the west, indicating that the expansion of the original construction land had a strong influence on land use dynamics. The management of the reserve has achieved relatively remarkable effects and the ecological environment inside the reserve has been improved, but the slow increase of land for internal construction and resources exploitation still have a negative impact on the habitat quality of the reserve. This study provides data to support the dynamic monitoring of land use and further improvement of protection and restoration measures in subtropical natural reserves.

The regulation UN R127 is the must for the import country since 2018, In order to successfully pass the regulatory certification, so the pedestrian protection performance of the vehicle should be evaluated. In this paper, the pedestrian protection analysis was done by finite method, and the results show that the legform satisfy the regulation, but some area of the head don′t satisfy the requirements of the regulation. So some optimization analysis was made that aimed at the fail area to pass the UN R127 pedestrian protection certification test successfully. Comparing the optimized data of risk points with the experiment, the deviation is 1.9%, which shows the reliability of building the finite element model, and provide reference for the design and development of pedestrian protection for subsequent models.

This paper summarized the nursing experience a patient with duodenal fistula and deep venous thrombosis (DVT) after resection of giant retroperitoneal tumor. Nursing interventions included preoperative evaluation, DVT-associated nursing, skin care, enteral nutrition, etc. Diversified interventions before and after surgery are required to prevent the postoperative complicanions and improve the recovery. (本文总结1例全麻下行腹膜后巨大肿瘤切除术后合并十二指肠瘘及深静脉血栓的护理经验, 包括术前评估、深静脉血栓护理、皮肤管理、肠内营养护理等, 通过多元化的术前、术后护理, 积极预防并发症, 提高患者舒适度, 促进患者早日康复。)

Ordered core(PEO)-shell(PHB) microfibers were prepared by coaxial electrostatic spinning technology and high-speed rotating receiving roller with polyoxyethylene (PEO)/chloroform solvent as core spinning solution and poly(β-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB)/chloroform solvent as shell spinning solution. The surface morphology, core-shell structure, thermal properties, crystallization properties and mechanical properties of core(PEO)-shell(PHB) microfiber film were characterized and analyzed by SEM, TEM, DSC, TGA, XRD and DMA. The results show that PEO/PHB microfiber has remarkable core-shell structure; fiber arranges in the same direction and the average diameter are 0.57-1.27 μm; the crystal structure of core(PEO)-shell(PHB) microfiber includes α-type crystal of PHB and monoclinic crystal of PEO; when the spinning voltage is increased, the diameter of the fiber decreases, and the crystallinity increases first and then decreases; the fiber diameter increases with the increase of injection speed, and the crystallinity first increases and then decreases; with the increase of the collection distance, the fiber diameter first decreases and then increases, and the crystallinity first increases and then decreases. By changing the single spinning condition, the corresponding fiber films with the spinning voltage of 18 kV, the push velocity of 0.07 mm/min and the collection distance of 8 cm all have high mechanical properties. Compared with pure PHB fiber and PEO fiber, the thermal stability of each component in ordered core(PEO)-shell(PHB) microfiber is improved.

Objective To compare the research status and hotspots of immunotherapy for liver cancer at home and abroad. Methods Papers about immunotherapy for liver cancer published from the establishment to 2019 were searched in PubMed database and Chinese database. Information were extracted and sorted by BICOMB-2 software, and then we created the word matrix and co-occurrence matrix of high-frequency subject headings. The cluster analysis of subject headings was conducted by gCLUTO 1.0. NetDraw 2.089 was used to draw social network diagrams, UCINET 6.212 was used to conduct the centrality analysis. Results There were 2 081 foreign literatures and 901 Chinese literatures, involving 655 foreign periodicals and 275 Chinese periodicals. Four themes of immunotherapy for liver cancer were determined: the correlation between the immune inoculation of hepatitis B patients and the occurrence of liver cancer, the study between dendritic cells and immunotherapy for liver cancer, the study of the combination of radiotherapy and immunotherapy on liver cancer, and related research of natural killer cells and liver cancer immunotherapy. Conclusion The number of researches on immunotherapy for liver cancer have shown an increasing trend year by year. We can learn from the international research status and hotspots to create a new way for liver cancer treatment.

This paper summarized the nursing experience of non-invasive ventilation in prone position for a patient with acute respiratory distress syndrome combined with COVID-19. Key issues in nursing management included nursing assessment in the whole procedure of non-invasive ventilation in prone position, infection prevention, management of body position and tube, skin care, health education and so on. In the early stage of COVID-19 complicated with ARDS, non-invasive ventilation in prone position can not only effectively reduce the tube intubation and improve hypoxemia, but also reduce the labor cost and level of difficulty in nursing, reduce the workload and exposure time of medical staff, and reduce the risk of infection among medical staff. (本文总结1例新型冠状病毒肺炎合并急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者俯卧位无创通气治疗康复的护理经验。护理措施包括俯卧位无创通气全程护理评估、感染预防、体位及管道的管理、皮肤护理、健康宣教等。新型冠状病毒肺炎合并ARDS早期患者在清醒状态下进行无创呼吸机俯卧位通气, 不仅有效减少插管, 改善低氧血症, 同时也可以减轻人力成本和护理难度, 减少医务人员的工作量及暴露时间, 减少医务人员的感染风险。)

Cystic pheochromocytoma is an uncommon neuroendocrine tumor, which mostly has no obvious clinical symptoms, and difficult to make correct diagnosis before surgical operation. When a cystic mass in the adrenal gland is found by imaging examination, the possibility of cystic pheochromocytoma should be screened. At present, the most curative treatment is surgical resection. Laparoscopic adrenalectomy is the first choice. Adequate preoperative preparation and strict postoperative monitoring are important pre-requisites for ensuring the safety of patients during the peri-operative period.

Objective To explore the expression of CD4+ effector memory T cells (CD4+ TEM) in peripheral blood of acute ischemic stroke patients with pulmonary infection, and to analyze the value of CD4+ TEM combined with interleukin⁃6 (IL⁃6) and hypersensitive C⁃reactive protein (hs⁃CRP) in the diagnosis of pulmonary infection in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Methods Totally 54 confirmed acute ischemic stroke patients with pulmonary infection who were treated in the Department of Neurology at The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University from June 2018 to December 2019 were chosen as the infection group, meanwhile, 55 acute ischemic stroke patients without pulmonary infection were assigned as the control group. The clinical characters and the expression levels of CD4+ TEM cells were compared in the 2 groups. Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analysis were used to screen the risk factors of pulmonary infection in patients with acute ischemic stroke, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was further conducted to evaluate the diagnostic value of the percentage of CD4+ TEM, IL⁃6, hs⁃CRP and combined detection in pulmonary infection patients with acute ischemic stroke. Results Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the increased percentage of CD4+ TEM cells (OR=1.153, 95%CI:1.069-1.244; P=0.000), IL⁃6 (OR=1.351, 95%CI:1.046-1.747; P=0.021) and hs⁃CRP (OR=1.087, 95%CI:1.008-1.172; P=0.021) were important risk factors for pulmonary infection with acute ischemic stroke. When the percentage of CD4+ TEM cells, IL⁃6 and hs⁃CRP were used as predictors of pulmonary infection with acute ischemic stroke alone, the area under the ROC curve were 0.906 (95%CI:0.850⁃0.961), 0.799 (95%CI:0.714-0.885) and 0.831 (95%CI:0.754-0.908) respectively. When the percentage of CD4+ TEM cells were combined with IL⁃6 and hs⁃CRP, the area under the curve increased to 0.943 (95%CI:0.904-0.982). Conclusions The percentage of CD4+ TEM cells combined with IL⁃6 and hs⁃CRP has better diagnostic value for pulmonary infection with acute ischemic stroke, and can be used as biomarkers for early prediction of pulmonary infection with acute ischemic stroke. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1672⁃6731.2021.04.013

The purpose of this study was to prepare a kind of Zearalenone fast quantitative test strip based on time-resolved fluorescence immunochromatographic assay.Europium nanoparticles were used as fluorescent probes to label anti-zearalenone monoclonal antibodies,and a quantitative immunochromatography method was established based on competitive inhibition principle.The results showed that the sensitivity of Zearalenone fluorescent detection strip was 0.1 ng/mL,the linear range was 0.1～5.0 ng/mL,the standard recovery rate of negative samples of corn and wheat was between 93.45% and 112.2%,and the coefficient of variation of 5 repeats for the same sample was less than 15%.The results show that the Zearalenone fluorescent test strip has the technical characteristics of high sensitivity,short reaction time and accurate quantification,which is suitable for the rapid quantitative detection of Zearalenone in grain and its products.

Cyclophilin A (CypA) is the first foldable enzyme in human cells that has peptidyl proliferase-trans isomerase activity and has a strong proinflammatory effect. CD147 can act as the signal receptor of CypA. The interaction of the two through cell-surface heparin binding activates extracellular regulated protein kinases (ERK1/2) and nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) signaling pathways in macrophages and increases the expression of MMPs and other inflammatory factors. The CypA/CD147 interaction regulates inflammation, promotes the inflammatory response and bone resorption and is involved in the pathological processes of a variety of systemic diseases. CypA and CD147 may take part in the chemotaxis of inflammatory cells, increase white blood cell infiltration in tissues, and increase CypA and CD147 expression in periodontitis gum tissue and gingival groove liquid with inflammation, prompting their interaction to promote the progression of periodontitis. However, the specific function of the signaling pathways in the periodontitis mechanism still requires further elucidation.

Using HZSM-5 zeolite, potassium permanganate and methanol as raw materials, MnOx/HZSM-5 catalyst was prepared to oxidize formaldehyde at room temperature. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy (Raman), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and other characterization methods were used to analyze the morphology, structure and chemical composition of the catalyst. The catalytic activity and regeneration performance of MnOx/HZSM-5 on formaldehyde were studied, and the mechanism of formaldehyde catalytic oxidation was discussed. The results show that the formaldehyde removal rate of MnOx/HZSM-5 remains at 90% after 1020 minutes of dynamic testing. After five regeneration tests, the removal rate of formaldehyde by MnOx/HZSM-5 remains at 91%. In the static test, the formaldehyde removal rate reaches 97% and the conversion rate of formaldehyde reaches 92%. After analyzing the mechanism of oxidizing formaldehyde with MnOx/HZSM-5, it is found that formaldehyde is first adsorbed by the catalyst to the active site of MnOx. Then it is preliminarily oxidized to intermediate products such as formates or carbonates. Finally, it is deeply oxidized with carbon dioxide and water.

The design of MMC-STATCOM controller based on auto disturbance rejection technology is studied. Based on the ADRC, the active disturbance rejection controller is designed for the active and reactive current decoupling tracking. By scheduling the transition process, setting the expansion observer and the nonlinear state error feedback link, etc. The simulation model is built in MATLAB/Simulink to verify the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy. The results show that the MMC-STATCOM controller based on ADRC technology effectively overcomes the contradiction between PI control response speed and overshoot, achieves effective dynamic compensation of disturbance, solves the problem that the current tracking effect of the inner loop current tracker based on PI regulation is poor when the input of MMC-STATCOM is disturbed, and leads to a long transition process or even instability of the system.

Objective To study the detection rate of Streptococcus mutans in oral cavities of 3⁃5⁃year⁃old Han, Uygur and Mongolian children in Bortala Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture, and the correlation between genotype and dental caries of preschool children. Methods Ninety children were randomly selected from the sample bank of chil⁃ dren′s oral epidemiological survey data in the Bozhou area of Xinjiang. Forty⁃five children were included in the high caries group (more than 5 missing teeth), and 45 children were included in the noncaries group (0 missing teeth); each group comprised 15 children of each of the Han, Uygur and Mongolian nationalities. Plaque samples were collected and cultured with light saliva⁃bacillin agar medium and brain⁃heart infusion medium. Streptococcus mutans were cultured, and clinical isolates were further isolated and identified by Gram staining, biochemical identification and polymerase chain reaction. Genotype distribution was detected by random primer polymerase chain reaction. Results The detec⁃ tion rate of Streptococcus mutans in the 90 included children was 75.5%. The detection rate of Streptococcus mutans in the high caries group was 86.7%, which was significantly higher than that in the caries⁃free group (64.4%) (P＝0.014). There was no significant difference in the distribution of Streptococcus mutans among Han, Uygur and Mongolian nation⁃ alities (P＝0.457). A total of 549 clinical strains of Streptococcus mutans were obtained, and 113 different genotypes were found. In the high caries group, 61.5% carried more than one genotype of Streptococcus mutans, and 37.9% of the caries ⁃ free group had more than one genotype. The genetic polymorphism of Streptococcus mutans in the high caries group was significantly higher than that in the caries⁃free group (P＝0.035). Spearman correlation analysis showed that there was a positive correlation between oral Streptococcus mutans gene polymorphism and caries sensitivity (r＝0.258, P＝0.034). Conclusion The distribution of Streptococcus mutans in children′s oral cavity in the Bozhou area was dif⁃ ferent between the high caries group and the caries⁃free group, but there was no difference among nationalities. Strepto⁃ coccus mutans in the high caries group had more genotypes than those in the caries⁃free group. The genetic polymor⁃ phism of Streptococcus mutans might be related to the caries⁃causing ability of Streptococcus mutans.

Objective To explore the association between gallstones and CVD among ethnic minority populations in Guizhou Province, as well as the mediating effect of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in this association, in order to provide reference suggestions for reducing the burden of CVD. Methods Based on the database of Cohort Study of Native Natural Population in Ethnic Minority Gathering Areas in Southwest China, stratified and multi-stage cluster sampling was used to conduct a baseline survey of ethnic minorities aged 30 - 79 years in Qiandongnan and Qiannan Prefectures of Guizhou Province from 2018 to 2019. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the association between gallstones and CVD, and the mediating effect model was used to evaluate the mediating effect of glomerular filtration rate in the association. Results The detection rate of CVD in Guizhou minority population was 3.16%, among which the detection rates of Dong, Miao and Buyi were 3.27%, 3.07% and 3.12%, respectively. The total detection rate of gallstones was 9.03%. Logistic regression analysis showed that after adjusting for all the variables (model 3), the detection rates of CVD in the total population [OR(95%CI): 1.633(1.269-2.102)], the Dong [OR(95%CI): 1.567(1.077-2.280)], and Miao [OR(95%CI): 1.679(1.055-2.673)], gallstones were positively associated with CVD. No association between gallstones and CVD was found in the Buyi population. Subgroup analysis showed that Dong patients with gallstones < 60 years old were positively correlated with CVD [OR(95%CI): 1.825(1.022-3.258)], gallstone patients without hyperlipidemia [OR(95%CI): 2.151(1.352-3.422)], gallstone patients without hypertension [OR(95%CI): 1.612(1.013-2.565)] were positively correlated with CVD. Miao ≥ 60 years old [OR(95%CI): 1.878(1.038-3.397)], male [OR(95%CI): 1.546(1.212-5.586)], BMI ≥ 24 [OR(95%CI): 1.972(1.160-3.354)], gallstone patients with hypertension [OR(95%CI): 2.264(1.297 - 5.429)] were positively correlated with CVD. Mediation analysis revealed that the glomerular filtration rate accounted for 16.96%, 12.08%, 17.43%, and 14.52% of the mediating effect between gallstones and CVD in the total population, Dong, Miao, and Buyi people, respectively. Conclusion Gallstones are positively correlated with CVD in the Dong and Miao populations in Guizhou Province, especially in the overweight and hypertension population of the Miao nationality. There is no association between gallstones and CVD in the Buyi population. Glomerular filtration rate has a partial mediating effect between gallstones and CVD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the context of global climate change, flash droughts occur frequently and can have a huge impact on agricultural production and ecosystem functions in the short term. Therefore, it is of great significance to comprehensively and accurately describe the characteristics and trends of drought for drought risk assessment and agricultural disaster reduction in China. This study used long-term land surface model data and reanalysis datasets to analyze the frequency, intensity, duration, and spatiotemporal distribution of flash drought events in China from 1980 to 2022. Two flash drought detection methods, based on evapotranspiration stress ratio and soil moisture were adopted, respectively, and the Mann-Kendall trend analysis method was used to evaluate the development trend of flash drought characteristics in different regions. The results show that: (1) The identified flash drought ranges using the two methods are more consistent in southeast China, yet great differences exist in northwest China. (2) The area with the highest occurrence of flash droughts identified by the evapotranspiration-based method is the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, while that from the soil moisture-based method is the central region of Sichuan Province. (3) Flash drought occurrences distribute unevenly among seasons, which is the highest in summer, followed by spring and autumn, and the lowest in winter. (4) The average flash drought duration is mostly 6~10 pentads, it is longer in Northwest China identified by the evapotranspiration method, while it is longer in parts of northwestern and central China by the soil moisture method. (5) The areas with high-intensity flash droughts are Northeast China, Northwest China, Tibet Autonomous Region, and Taiwan Province identified by the evapotranspiration method, while it is in the Southern region by the soil moisture method. The two methods conduct distinct results, the suitability for different situations is waiting for further investigations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anthropogenic hydrological regulation is profoundly altering the structure and function of wetland ecosystems. Due to the scarcity of long-term monitoring records, the responses of wetland ecosystems to anthropogenic hydrological regulation remain unclear. We reconstructed past ecohydrological changes in Dajiuhu Wetland during the last 40 years and explored the driving forces, based on multiproxy records of a 44-cm-length sediment core collected from Wuhaohu Lake of Dajiuhu Wetland in Shennongjia, Hubei. The results showed that the diatom community in Wuhaohu Lake had experienced three major stages, including the dominance of benthic diatoms between 1980 and 2008, the rapid increase in planktonic diatoms between 2008 and 2016, and the dominance of small-sized fragilarioid species after 2016. Results of redundancy analysis showed that change in diatom assemblage was significantly correlated with total organic carbon, total nitrogen and the ratios of Mn to Fe. Diatom floral changes after 2008 indicated the shift of Wuhaohu Lake from an early organic-rich peatland to a shallow lake, mainly in response to an increase in water table driven by damming. From 2016, the increases in benthic and epiphytic diatoms responded to the expansion of aquatic plants and improved light penetration after the relocation of local population. Sedimentary diatom records revealed the process of environmental changes, and hence would provide a scientific basis for the environmental protection of wetlands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A high-performance biaxially oriented polypropylene (BOPP) film wa,s developed using a sspecial raw material formulation with a sspecial processing technique, and its friction coefficient, heat sshrinkage, and optical propertiess were compared with a sstandard BOPP film at four sselected times; on the 1st, 7th, 15th, and,30th days; within 30 days;. The re-ssults indicated that the developed film obtained an improvement in all asspects of performance. The film exhibited a low friction coefficient, high heat sshrinkage, and excellent optical properties;. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To examine the association between exposure to ambient PM2.5 chemical components and semen quality in Southwest China. Methods We conducted a longitudinal study to investigate 1 105 sperm donors who lived in Sichuan Province, China and underwent semen examination in Sichuan Province human sperm bank from October 2019 to December 2021.Exposure to ambient PM2.5 and its chemical components in lag 0-90 d, lag 0-9 d, lag 10-14 d and lag 70-90 d were assessed by extracting monthly PM2.5 and its chemical components values from a few validated grid datasets at each subject's residential address. Spearman rank correlation analysis was used to evaluate the correlation between PM2.5 and its chemical components. A linear mixed-effects model was used to analyze the relationship between exposure to PM2.5 chemical components and semen quality parameters. Results PM2.5 is highly positively correlated with its chemical components. PM2.5, NH4+, SO42-, NO3-, OM, and BC exposures were significantly associated with decreased total motility (P < 0.05). OM exposure was significantly associated with decreased in sperm progressive motility (P < 0.05), and the mean change in sperm progressive motility was -1.166 (95% CI: -2.174 -- -0.171) for per IQR (3.1 µg/m³) increase in OM. Conclusion PM2.5 and its chemical components are risk factors for sperm total motility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the levels of scrum folate and vitamin B12 (VB12) and their association with the level of neurodevelopment in preschool children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Methods A total of 324 ASD children aged 2-6 years and 318 healthy children aged 2-6 years were recruited. Scrum levels of folate and VB12 were measured using chemiluminescent immunoassay. The Social Responsiveness Scale and the Childhood Autism Rating Scale were used to assess the core symptoms of ASD children, and the Gesell Developmental Schedule was employed to evaluate the level of neurodevelopment. Results The levels of scrum folate and VB12 in ASD children were significantly lower than those in healthy children (P<0.05). Scrum folate levels in ASD children were positively correlated with gross and fine motor developmental quotients (P<0.05), and scrum VB12 levels were positively correlated with adaptive behavior, fine motor, and language developmental quotients (P<0.05). In ASD children aged 2 to <4 years, scrum folate levels were positively correlated with developmental quotients in all domains (P<0.05), and scrum VB12 levels were positively correlated with language developmental quotient (P<0.05). In male ASD children, scrum VB12 levels were positively correlated with language and personal-social developmental quotients (P<0.05). Conclusions Serum folate and VB12 levels in preschool ASD children are lower than those in healthy children and are associated with neurodevelopmental levels, especially in ASD children under 4 years of age. Therefore, maintaining normal serum folate and VB12 levels may be beneficial for the neurodevelopment of ASD children, especially in ASD children under 4 years of age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Brassica napus is a dominant field crop for repairing and utilizing saline-alkali land. In order to dissect the genetic basis of salt tolerance during germination and obtain germplasm resources in Brassica napus, different concentrations of NaCl solution (200, 250 and 300 mmol/L) were used to seeds of a previously constructed recombinant inbred line population (RIL), and the germination rates on the 3rd day and 7th day were counted for QTL mapping and candidate gene analysis. The results showed that the germination rate of RIL population showed continuous distribution under different salt concentrations. A total of 17 QTLs were detected under 6 treatments in this study, with the phenotypic variation range from 3.75% to 17.57% explained by a single QTL. Among them, 4 QTLs (cqST.C3-1, cqST.C3-2, cqST. C3-3 and cqST. C3-4) on chromosome C3, which explained more than 10% phenotypic variation in single or multiple treatments, were considered as the main QTLs. Combined with the re-sequencing results of the two parents and the functional annotation of Arabidopsis homologous genes, 5 candidate genes related to salt tolerance were identified under the 4 major QTLs confidence intervals, which could be stably expressed under different treatment conditions. In addition, according to the above results, it was considered that the germination rate under 250 mmol/L NaCl solution on the 7th day could be used as an index for the identification of salt tolerance at germination stage, and 5 excellent salt-tolerant germplasm with a germination rate of 82.22%-100% were obtained using this method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Clubroot disease has spread explosively in recent years, posing a serious threat to cruciferous crop production. Take rapeseed for example, according to the statistics, until year 2022 the incidence of the clubroot has exceeded 1.33 million hectares in China. Breeding for resistant cultivars is considered as the most efficient and economical way to prevent clubroot disease spreading. However, the current CR cultivars mostly used CR loci of PbBa8.1 or CRb. Due to the complexity and diversity of Plasmodiophora brassicae from different locations, resources for resistant germplasm need to be explored. In this study, 14 clubroot-resistant Chinese cabbages were characterized using different clubroot pathogens and molecular markers for known CR loci. We found that among them, five materials, DG117, ZS105, SG01, SR06 and JQ07 did not contain CRb locus, and their disease resistance were stronger than Huashuang5R/Huayouza5R. At last, KL02 containing the CRb locus showed stronger resistance to PbXM (strain from Xinmin) than 409R, therefore it may contain other novel loci leading to better resistance. These six Chinese cabbage resources can be considerd as new resistance resources and could be utilized in future breeding work for CR Brassica napus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】 The production of spring maize in Northwestern China relies on irrigation. The purpose of this paper is to investigate experimentally the impact of irrigation amount on the yield, water consumption of the maize, as well as soil water dynamics. 【Method】 The field experiment was conducted from may to september 2021 at the Karamay Agricultural Comprehensive Development Zone. It comprised six treatments by irrigating the maize at: 225 m3/hm2 (W1), 300 m3/hm2 (W2), 375 m3/hm2 (W3), 450 m3/hm2 (W4), 525 m3/hm2 (W5), and 600 m3/hm2 (W6). In each treatment, we measured the spatiotemporal change in soil water, as well as ultimate yield and water consumption of the crop. 【Result】 ① Regardless of irrigation amounts, soil water content increased with soil depth first and then declined, followed by another increase in the soil depth from 0 to 100 cm. Compared with the other five treatments, W5 increased soil water storage in the 0-100 cm of soil by 2.35%-9.11%, 0.21%-4.37%, 0.39%-1.79%, 0.60%-4.48% at trumpet stage, tasseling stage, milk stage, and full maturity stage, respectively. ② At maturity stage, the 100-grain weight in W5 was significantly higher than that in W1 and W2, but was comparable to that in W3, W4 and W6. W5 also increased the grain number per spike by 10.49%-36.01% and the spike length by 8.31%-27.12%, compared with the other five treatments. ③ The results obtained from of the analysis of the comprehensive evaluation model showed the comprehensive evaluation index of W5 was 525 m3/hm2, the highest among all treatments. 【Conclusion】 Irrigating10 times, with the total irrigation amount being 525 m3/hm2 during the whole growing season is optimal for spring maize production in the Karamay region in Northwestern China.

The sex pheromone communication system is critical to reproduction in the Lepidoptera. Research on the identification of lepidopteran sex pheromones is therefore important for monitoring and controlling lepidopteran pests. The diversity of sex pheromones is reflected in the complex chemical structure and composition of their components, which are divided into Type 0, Type I, Type IIand Type III, according to their chemical structure. In general, the sex pheromones of a species belong to only one of these types. However, recent studies have shown that an increasing number of species have sex pheromones of more than one type (hybrid pheromone system). This paper concentrates on such species, mainly focusing on the composition, distribution, identification and behavioral functions of their sex pheromones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The degree of freedom of a special single-loop mechanism will change after passing through some special positions, which will lead to the change of its topology, kinematics/dynamics performance, and it is suitable for different application backgrounds. Firstly, a single-loop parallel mechanism composed of eight rotating pairs (R) is studied and designed, which has three motion modes: two degrees of freedom, four degrees of freedom and three degrees of freedom respectively, corresponding to three mechanisms. Then, the three main topological characteristics of the mechanism, such as position and orientation characteristic, degree of freedom and coupling degree, are analyzed and calculated in three motion modes, and the stability and transferability of the topological structures of the three mechanisms are analyzed. At the same time, the forward and inverse position solutions of the mechanism in motion modes 1 and 3 are analyzed. The work in this research provides a foundation for the research of reconfigurable parallel mechanisms based on this single-loop mechanism unit with variable degrees of freedom.

Oculomotor nerve palsy is a nerve condition that affects patient’s vision and quality of life. This article summarizes the nursing experience of a patient with mild oculomotor nerve paralysis treated with plum-blossom needle tapping therapy. Based on the differentiation of symptoms and signs in Traditional Chinese Medicine, plum-blossom needle technique therapy, as well as daily life support, dietary care, medication, and emotional nursing interventions, can effectively improve symptoms such as ptosis, strabismus, and limited eye movement in the patient. (动眼神经麻痹严重影响患者视觉及生活质量。本文总结采用梅花针叩刺法治疗1例轻度动眼神经麻痹患者的护理经验。根据护理评估及中医辨证分型, 在生活起居、饮食护理、情志护理基础上, 采用梅花针中医护理技术, 有效改善了患者上睑下垂、斜视、眼球活动受限等症状。)

The set of guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of thyroid nodules and differentiated thyroid cancer (the second edition) was published in 2023 in China. Based on the first (2012) edition, the current set was revised jointly by nearly 100 experts in endocrinology, thyroid surgery, oncology, nuclear medicine, ultrasound medicine, and pathology from seven national societies for one year. The new version of the guideline is still divided into two parts, namely, thyroid nodules and differentiated thyroid cancer. The writing mode of asking clinical questions, explaining and giving recommendations is adopted, and a total of 117 recommendations are provided. This article aims to compare the variations in the differentiation of benign and malignant thyroid nodules and surgical treatment of differentiated thyroid cancer between the new and old versions from the perspective of surgery. The author's own understanding and experiences are also discussed.

Objective To explore the expression and function of DEP domain containing 1 (DEPDC1) in uterine corpus endometrial cancer(UCEC). Methods The Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) databases were used to analyze the expression of DEPDC1 mRNA in normal endometrial tissues and UCEC tissues, the relationship with patient clinicopathological parameters and prognosis. Immuno-histochemistry (IHC), Western blot and RT-qPCR were used to detect the expression of DEPDC1 in UCEC cell lines and tissue. The CCK-8 assay, colony formation assay, and tumor xenograft were used to investigate the effect of DEPDC1 on cancer proliferation. Results DEPDC1 mRNA was up-regulated in UCEC (P＜0.001) and was correlated with the clinical stages (P＜0.001), tissue differentiation (P＜0.05) and histological type(P＜0.001) of UCEC. Compared with the DEPDC1 mRNA low expression patients, the patients with high expression of DEPDC1 showed lower disease-specific survival(DSS) and progress-free interval (PFI) (P＜0.01). The IHC, Western blot, and RT-qPCR showed that DEPDC1 was up-regulated both in UCEC tissue and cell lines. Down regulation of DEPDC1 inhibited the colony formation, invasion and tumor sphere formation, cell proliferation rate, and tumourigenesis in vivo. Conclusions DEPDC1 is up-regulated in UCEC that is correlated with the malignant progression and poor prognosis of UCEC.

This study was undertaken in order to improve the stability, water solubility and gastrointestinal release of phytosterols (PS). Zein-PS nanoparticles were prepared by the anti-solvent method. Single factor experiments and orthogonal array design methods were adopted to optimize the preparation conditions based on the stability and encapsulation efficiency of zein-PS nanoparticles. The structure and functional properties of the prepared samples were characterized by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and simulated gastrointestinal digestion. The results showed that the optimal preparation conditions were determined as follows: zein/PS ratio of 15:1 (m/m), hydration time of 2 h, hydration temperature of 55 ℃, and ultrasonic treatment time of 20 min. The encapsulation efficiency of the nanoparticles prepared using the optimal conditions was 84.97%, particle size (479.76 ± 0.38) nm, and zeta potential (−22.79 ± 0.015) mV, suggesting small particle size and high stability. The nanoparticles with a zein/PS ratio of 15:1 had better re-solubility and water solubility. SEM revealed the formation of a compact network structure on the surface of the nanoparticles and FTIR spectra showed that it changed at 3 313.16 and 1 523.51 cm-1, indicating the presence of hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interaction between zein and PS. Compared with PS, the release rates of the nanoparticles in simulated gastrointestinal fluids were reduced by 49.03% and 28.11%, respectively, showing a good sustained-release effect. In addition, after storage for 30 days, the change in the particle size of the nanoparticles was smaller at 4 ℃ than at 25 ℃, and the encapsulation efficiency remained above 70%. Therefore, zein-PS composite nanoparticles have good stability and sustained release property, which has potential application prospects in the food industry.

Objective. To prepare and crystallize a novel oral bacterial serine protease inhibitor Tannerpin with high purity by means of biochemistry and structural biology. Methods. A novel serine protease inhibitor was screened from periodontal disease-related bacteria by amino acid sequence analysis, and named as Tannerpin. The fusion expression vector pSUMO3-Tannerpin was constructed and transferred into E. coli BL21 (DE3) system for induction expression. Tannerpin was isolated and purified by a combination of nickel-affinity chromatography, SUMO-specific protease 2 (SENP2) digestion and gel filtration chromatography, and was verified by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Then, the crystallization conditions of the purified protein were screened and optimized, and its acting substrates were screened. Results. SDS-PAGE showed that SUMO3-Tannerpin fusion protein was successfully expressed in E. coli. After removing the fusion label of the protein by purification scheme, Tannerpin with relative molecular weight of about 43 000 was obtained. After crystallization screening and optimization, Tannerpin crystals with a resolution of 1.7 Å were finally obtained under the conditions of 20 °C, pH=6.0, precipitant of 28% polyethylene glycol 3350 and 8% Tacsimate. However, the acting substrate of Tannerpin was not obtained. Conclusion. A novel serine protease inhibitor Tannerpin secreted by oral bacteria and its crystal are successfully prepared, which may lay a foundation for subsequent structural analysis and functional study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cancer stem cell (CSC) is characterized by unique molecular expression, surface markers, stemness-related signaling pathways, and metabolic patterns. CSC has been the key factor for the growth, metastasis and treatment resistance in various malignancies, as well as the important reason for the tumorigenesis and recurrence due to its high tumorigenicity, metastatic potential and resistance. Normal stem cells can develop gradually into pre-cancerous stem cell (pCSC) and CSC after incurring the first oncogenic mutation. Subsequently, under the co-influence of oncogenic mutations and tumor microenvironments, oncogenic mutations are accumulated in cells, which further aiding up to tumor heterogeneity, and eventually, promote the tumorigenesis, development, relapse, metastasis, and resistance in combination with CSC plasticity transformation. In order to improve clinical outcome in tumor treatment, various therapeutic strategies targeting CSC have been developed, including cell surface markers, signal pathways, microenvironment, and metabolic patterns. Other strategies such as the promotion of CSC differentiation and immunotherapy targeting CSC are also studied. In clinical trials, several new anti-cancer drugs targeting CSC have shown favorable outcomes in patients. However, the failed attempt of some new anti-cancer drugs also holds noteworthy lessons for future development. Therefore, the specific targeting of all heterogeneous CSCs in tumor of patients and the simultaneous elimination of pCSC and progeny tumor cells will be conducive to inhibitting tumor growth, metastasis and recurrence, expecting to bring new hope for tumor therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]