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In order to clarify the relationship among nutritional quality of highland barley flour, processing quality and edible quality of noodles, the flour of 21 highland barley varieties in Qinghai Province was used as raw the materials. The key indexes for evaluating the suitability of highland barley noodle processing were screened out through correlation analysis and cluster analysis to construct an evaluation system for the suitability of highland barley noodle processing. The results showed that the contents of starch, fat, the fiber and the protein of highland barley flour were 69.95%~83.36%, 0.87%~2.38%, 1.13%~3.69%, and 6.88%~11.64%, respectively. Beiqing No. 8 (gate) had the highest peak viscosity (2 378.50 mPa·s), and Kunlun No. 15 (Dulan) had the highest regeneration value (756.00 mPa·s). Kunlun No. 16 (Guinan) had the best water holding capacity (4.32 g/g), and Chai Qing No. 1 (Dulan) had the highest oil holding capacity (0.94 g/g). Kunlun No. 14 (Guide) had the largest solubility (27.46%), and Kunlun No. 15 (Dulan) had the largest expansion (9.15%). Kunlun No. 18 (gate) had the greatest transparency (28.40%), and freeze-thaw stability was the largest (77.16%). The nutritional quality and processing characteristics of highland barley noodles were significantly related to the cooking quality and texture characteristics of noodles, flour water content, total starch content, resistant starch content, flour L* value and peak viscosity were the key indicators to evaluate the suitability of highland barley noodle processing. Through the construction of processing suitability evaluation system, the evaluation level of highland barley noodle processing suitability was determined. Beiqing No. 9 (Xining), Kunlun No. 14 (Xining), Kunlun No. 17 (Menyuan), Chai Qing No. 1 (Guinan) were screened out, while Kunlun No. 14 (Guinan), Kunlun No. 15 (Guinan) and other 6 highland barley flours were suitable for processing into highland barley noodles. The results of this study could provide a theoretical basis for the selection of raw materials for processing highland barley noodles.

In China, the present implemented industrial wastewater discharge standards cannot objectively and correctly evaluate wastewater safety. The characteristics and application of the whole effluent toxicity evaluation methods at home and abroad were systematically summarized. The characteristics and application of whole effluent toxicity (WET), direct toxicity assessment (DTA), and whole effluent assessment (WEA) were emphatically discussed. The deficiencies of the comprehensive toxicity index system and evaluation methods of wastewater in China were analyzed. Reasonable suggestions on the establishment of the comprehensive toxicity methodology were proposed from aspects of species selection, experimental process and evaluation method. Finally, the actual situations of the characteristics of wastewater pollutants, discharge mode and environmental quality of receiving water should be considered as establishing comprehensive toxicity indices and evaluation methodology in line with Chinese national conditions.

ObjectiveTo analyze the contamination of aquatic products with pathogens in Yunnan Province and provide a basis for the prevention and control of foodborne diseases.MethodsFrom 2014 to 2021， aquatic products obtained from 16 cities in Yunnan Province were randomly used for pathogen detection， and statistical methods were used to analyze the differences in product type， regional and seasonal distribution， and contamination source between varied aquatic products.ResultsA total of 3 540 samples were collected in the four categories of aquatic food， fresh aquatic animals， cold aquatic animals， frozen surimi products， and ready-to-eat products. Nine pathogenic microorganisms and one parasite were detected， with a total detection rate of 10.8%. Vibrio parahaemolyticus （10.3%）， Listeria monocytogenes （4.2%）， and Salmonella （3.3%） were the most common pathogenic microorganisms. Angiostrongylus cantonensis was commonly present in intermediate hosts （9.0%）， whereas the detection rate of other pathogens was low. The detection rates of pathogens in different aquatic products were statistically different （χ2=34.077，P

Objective To investigate the value of a radiomic model of multiparametric MRI different regions of interest (ROI) in assessment of the invasion of prostate cancer (PCa), and explore the evaluation value of an integrated model based on above radiomic model combined with radiomics, PI-RADS 2.1 score, and clinical variables. Methods A total of 245 patients with pathologically-confirmed PCa admitted to 2 medical centers in our hospital from May 2018 to September 2022 were collected in this retrospective study. Among them, 176 cases were collected in Yuzhong Medical Center, including 77 cases in the low invasive group [Gleason score ≤7 (3+4)] and 99 cases in the high invasive group [Gleason score ≥7 (4+3)]; 69 cases were collected in Jiangnan Medical Center, including 33 cases in the low invasive group and 36 cases in the high invasive group. All patients underwent multiparametric MRI, and then 2 types of ROI, the tumor region (TR) and the prostate gland (PG), were segmented on the multiparametric MRI images. Clinical variables related with PCa invasion were assessed, and PI-RADS 2.1 score was recorded for each patient. Logistic regression algorithm was employed as a machine learning method to develop following invasive stratification models for PCa: radiomics models (ModelTR, ModelPG and ModelPG+TR), Radiomics-Clinical model, Radiomics-PIRADS model, PIRADS-Clinical model and Radiomics-PIRADS-Clinical combined model. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, area under ROC curve (AUC) and decision curve analysis (DCA) were applied to compare the diagnostic efficacy and clinical benefit of each model. A nomogram was constructed by combining Radiomics score (Radscore), PI-RADS 2.1 score and independent clinical variables, and its performance was evaluated by calibration, differentiation and clinical application. Results In the above 3 radiomics models, the AUC value was 0.919 for ModelPG+TR, which was higher than that of ModelTR (0.874) and of ModelPG (0.887). And the AUC value of the Radiomics-PIRADS-Clinical combined model was 0.954, superior to that of the radiomics model (0.919), Radiomics-PIRADS model (0.921), Radiomics-Clinical model (0.919), and PIRADS-Clinical model (0.769) respectively, The nomogram model showed good performance (AUC=0.919) and calibration efficacy in risk stratification. DSA revealed that both the ModelPG+TR model and Radiomics-PIRADS-Clinical combined models achieved a higher net clinical benefit. Conclusion Our radiomic model of combining features of the prostate and tumor regions can more accurately assess the invasion of PCa, and our integrated model of combining radiomics, PI-RADS 2.1 score and clinical variables can further improve the assessment.

ObjectiveA dichroine poisoning outbreak caused by the accidental ingestion of fresh Dichroa yunnanensis was investigated and resolved， which can provide scientific support for the clinical treatment and further prevention of dichroine poisoning.MethodsA systemic epidemiological investigation， hygiene investigation， laboratory tests， morphology analysis， and molecular identification of the plant were conducted soon after the incident， and poison treatment consisted of evaluating clinical symptoms， giving therapeutic drugs， and achieving a patient cure.ResultsBased on the botanical and molecular biological identification results of Dichroa yunnanensis， the sample involved in the poisoning incident was confirmed to be Dichroa yunnanensis， Yunnan Province. The toxic substance responsible for the poisoning was an alkali from Dichroa yunnanensi， with a 100% effect rate among individuals who consumed it. Clinical manifestations included mainly nausea， vomiting， diarrhea， tenesmus， and other gastrointestinal symptoms， which abated within 24 h of fluid rehydration， stomach protection， potassium supplementation， and broad-spectrum detoxification treatment， without additional symptoms.ConclusionThis incident of dichroine poisoning was caused by the accidental consumption of fresh Dichroa yunnanensis. As no D. yunnanensis poisoning case has been reported previously in China， this report has important reference value for the prevention and clinical treatment of similar poisoning events in the future.

Objective To analyze the effect of training of full-time educator for the management of chronic respiratory diseases, and to investigate the standardized training methods and improvement strategies for the following training of full-time educator for the management of chronic respiratory diseases. Methods Two rounds of expert consultation were conducted to determine the outline, model and contents of training. The training program consisted of two parts: one-week theoretical study and 6-month clinical practice. All the nurses involved in the training had taken the exams about theoretical knowledge and practice skills of management of chronic respiratory diseases. A questionnaire survey was conducted to investigate nurses’ satisfaction with training program. Results The outcome of investigation on knowledge about chronic respiratory diseases showed that an increased score was achieved after training(74. 60±6. 70 vs. 59. 83±12. 50, P＜0. 01 ). The Pass rate of theoretical examination was 98. 75%(79/80). The overall satisfaction rate was 98. 75%(79/80). Conclusion The well-designed training program is effective to improve the quality of training for the full-time educator specialized in the management of chronic respiratory diseases. (目的 分析呼吸系统慢性疾病(以下简称“呼吸慢病”)管理专职教育师的培训模式及效果, 探讨后期呼吸慢病管理专职教育师培训方案、规范化培训方法, 提高呼吸慢病管理教育师的培训质量。方法 由全国范围内呼吸系统医疗、护理专家组成专家组, 经过两轮专家讨论, 确定培训大纲、培训模式及培训内容, 采取全封闭专科理论学习一周、专科临床实践6个月相结合的方式。培训结束后对学员进行考核, 包括理论考核、培训前后呼吸慢病知识测评、培训满意度调查表。结果 学员呼吸慢病知识掌握情况调查结果显示, 培训前总分(59. 83±12. 50)分, 培训后为(74. 60±6. 70)分, 差异有统计学意义(P＜0. 01)。学员理论考核合格率为98. 75%(79/80), 对培训的总体满意度为98. 75%(79/80)。结论 呼吸慢病管理专职教育师的培训体系设计合理, 能够提高呼吸慢病管理教育师的培训质量。)

Objective To investigate the correlation of gut microbiota with body composition of fat and muscle in middle-aged and elderly overweight/obese women. Methods A total of 75 middle-aged and elderly overweight/obese women were subjected from communities in Suzhou City from September 2019 to October 2020. Their basic information were collected, and dietary survey was completed. Physical activity scale for the elderly (PASE) was used to assess the intensity of physical activity. Body composition data was measured by bioelectrical impedance measurement. Fecal samples were collected from some volunteers from them and 16S rRNA gene sequencing was conducted to screen the bacterial community. Statistical software was used to establish multiple linear regression analysis models to analyze the correlation between gut microbiota and the relevant indexes of human fat and muscle, adjusted for age, height, physical activity, protein intake, fat intake and carbohydrate intake as covariates. Results There were 24 operational taxonomic units (OTU) screened out with multiple linear regression models. The adjusted results showed EtOH8 family and some genera of the family, Epulopiscium were positively correlated with body fat mass (FAT), while Oscillospira, Lactococcus, Scardovia and some genera of Trichospira were negatively correlated with fat mass ratio (FMR). In terms of muscle, Lachnobacterium was negatively correlated with soft lean mass (SLM), while the other 14 flora, including Thermaceae, Meiothermus and Kocuria etc. were positively correlated with SLM. Conclusion Gut microbiota is significantly correlated with body fat and muscle related indicators in middle-aged and elderly overweight/obese women. Some specific flora may have positive effects on fat or muscle.

Objective To investigate the mental health status of eight-year medical doctor program students in Peking Union Medical College and try to put forward feasible psychological support countermeasures. Methods Undergraduates of eight-year program from grades 3 to 8 in Peking Union Medical College were investigated by WeChat and questionnaires(www.wjx.cn). The differences among groups were analyzed by gender and grade. The practice group received strengthened psychological support intervention and compared with the theoretical study group. Results Totally 248 qualified questionnaires were collected and 82(33.1%) and 16(6.5%) students were rated “moderate” and “poor” in psychological self-assessment. The Life Satisfaction with Life Scores (SWLS) from 6th and 7th grade students was significantly lower than that from 3rd, 5th, and 8th grade. For other scales including depression, anxiety, and difficulties in emotional regulation scale, a tendency showed that these undergraduates from two grades had higher scores but the result was not statistically significant. Conclusions The undergraduates of eight-year doctor program still have some mental health problems especially during internship period when facing to greater pressure. Implementation of intervention may support their emotional regulation.

Objective: A simultaneous determination method was established for detecting 19 kinds of quinolones and sulfonamides in aquatic products simultaneously, by using QuEChERS combined with UPLC-MS/MS. Methods: Samples were extracted with 1.0% formic acid acetonitrile solution, ultrasonic for 1 min, and purified by QuEChERS multi-function needle filter. The sample purification and filtering were performed simultaneously. The Mass spectrometry was conducted by using positive (ESI+) electrospray ionization and multi-reactions monitoring (MRM) models, with external standard method. Results: The detection limit of 19 kinds of sulfonamides and quinolones is from 0.5 to 1.0 μg/kg. Compared with the national standard method, the detection sensitivity is improved. The added recoveries were from 81.0% to 113.0%, and the relative standard deviation (RSD) were from 0.2% to 11.7%. Conclusion: This method assisted ultrasonic extraction and QuEChERS, enhanced the efficiency of measuring quinolones and sulfonamides in aquatic products. It is a simple, rapid, sensitivity, accurate method, which provides an efficient technical means for daily monitoring of sulfonamides and quinolones in large quantities of aquatic product samples.

Objective: Investigate young people's taste preference for white bud kiran tea and design tea drinks accordingly. Methods: Design a combination of electroencephalogram （EEG）, electrodermal activity （EDA）, heart rate variability （HRV） multivariate statistical analysis and sensory evaluation to allow 24 subjects （12 of each gender） to evaluate the taste preference of seven batches of white bud kiran tea of different grams and brewing lengths. Results: the mean values of power spectral density, HRV and EDA of EEG can predict the taste preference of the subjects more accurately, and the mean values are negatively correlated with the liking level. A two-way analysis of variance shows that HRV and EDA are not affected by gender differences between subjects and the subject tea sample. Conclusion: Most of the subjects preferred the taste of 10 grams of white bud kiran tea brewed for 10 seconds.

The centralized integration of large-scale wind farms into power grids impairs the frequency regulation capability. The control strategy of wind turbines participating in the system frequency response has attracted wide attention. So far there is few research concerning the effect of frequency response control on the shaft system torsional vibration of the wind turbine drive chain. Thus the safety of wind turbines during the frequency response is yet to be secured. To this end， this paper proposes a strategy to suppress the torsional vibration of the shaft system during the frequency response. A state observer is used to estimate the angular velocity of the drive chain torsion， and the dynamic damping control during the frequency response is achieved using additional torque. The effectiveness of the strategy is verified by comparing it with the existing undamped control strategy through simulation analysis and prototype measurement.

Objective To analyze the effects of fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) gene, IL-6, and HSP-60 gene polymorphism on the incidence rate and prognosis of breast cancer (BCa) for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Results A total of 1551 patients with BCa were included in the experimental group and 1605 women of the same age who participated in physical examination were included in the control group. The clinical data of the 3156 participants were collected through the baseline data questionnaire, and the genotypes of FTO, IL-6, and HSP-60 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) were determined through blood sample detection. The predictive value of the three SNPs for the incidence risk of BCa for T2DM patients was evaluated. The OS of 1168 patients with BCa was obtained through follow-up, and the effects of the three SNPs and T2DM on OS of BCa patients were evaluated. Results The three loci were FTO rs3751812, IL-6 rs1800796, and HSP-60 rs2605039. The BCa incidence rate for T2DM women with wild homozygous SNP genotype was significantly higher than that for non-T2DM women (FTO: χ2=3.530, P=0.013; IL-6: χ2=6.288, P=0.029; HSP-60: χ2=4.926, P=0.005). The three wild homozygous genotypes were independent risk factors that influenced the incidence rate of BCa (all P < 0.05). Patients with HSP-60 rs2605039 (GT+TT) genotype had better OS (P=0.031). Conclusion FTO, IL-6, and HSP-60 gene polymorphisms have certain value in BCa prediction for T2DM patients. Patients with BCa and HSP-60 rs2605039 GT+TT genotype have high OS.

The rapid determination of steroidal hormones and their contents in royal jelly by molecular imprinting and high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) was reviewed. The research progress of liquid-liquid extraction, solid phase extraction, QuECHERS and other pretreatment methods, as well as HPLC-MS, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), radioimmunoassay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were introduced. The advantages and disadvantages of various pretreatment methods and analytical methods were analyzed and compared. Finally, the feasibility of using molecular imprinting technology and HPLC-MS to detect steroid hormones in royal jelly was prospected.

Objective To explore the application effect of behavioral intervention using the transtheoretical model (TTM) of behavioral change on improving elderly patients’ adherence of fall prevention. Methods A convenience sampling of 231 hospitalized elderly patients from a tertiary class-one general hospital in Beijing. Cases (n=115) and controls (n=116) were randomized using random number table method. Controls were applied with common fall prevention practices, while the cases were applied with TTM method in addition to the common practices applied to the controls. Self-efficacy scores, numbers of patients with TTM intervention at each stage, fall prevention adherence scores, and times of falling were compared between cases and controls before intervention, at the end of 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months, respectively. Results Comparing to the control group, the case group had higher fall prevention self-efficacy scores (t=2. 348, P=0. 023; t=3. 592, P=0. 002; 7. 036; t=0. 002, P＜0. 001), better trend of behavioral change in every stage (Z=6. 032, P=0. 007; Z=9. 261, P＜0. 001; Z=16. 137, P＜0. 001), higher fall prevention adherence scores (t=4. 052, P=0. 001; t=6. 971, P＜0. 001; t=8. 105, P＜0. 001), at the end of 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months of intervention, respectively. And the case group had less times of falling (χ2=4. 930, P=0. 023; χ2=13. 870, P＜0. 001), at the end of 3 months, and 6 months of intervention. Conclusion Behavioral intervention based on TTM could effectively improve fall prevention self-efficacy level, increase fall prevention adherence, and decrease times of falling in elder patients. (目的 探讨基于跨理论模型的行为干预提高老年患者预防跌倒依从性的效果。方法 便利选取北京某三级甲等医院老年病房住院的老年患者231例, 按随机数字表法分为观察组(n=115)与对照组(n=116), 对照组采用常规护理干预, 观察组在对照组基础上应用跨理论模型进行干预, 观察比较两组患者干预前、干预后1个月末、干预后3个月末及干预后6个月末预防跌倒自我效能得分、跨理论模型各阶段人数、预防跌倒依从性得分及跌倒次数。结果 干预后1个月末、干预后3个月末及干预后6个月末观察组老年患者预防跌倒自我效能得分均高于对照组(t=2. 348, P=0. 023; t=3. 592, P=0. 002; 7. 036; t=0. 002, P＜0. 001), 各阶段行为改变的趋势均优于对照组(Z=6. 032, P=0. 007; Z=9. 261, P＜0. 001; Z=16. 137, P＜0. 001), 预防跌倒依从性得分高于对照组(t=4. 052, P=0. 001; t=6. 971, P＜0. 001; t=8. 105, P＜0. 001); 干预后3个月末及干预后6个月末观察组老年患者跌倒发生次数少于对照组(χ2=4. 930, P=0. 023; χ2=13. 870, P＜0. 001)。结论 基于跨理论模型的行为干预能有效提升老年患者跌倒自我效能水平, 提高老年患者预防跌倒的依从性, 降低老年患者跌倒发生次数。)

To explore the causes and nursing strategies of peripherally inserted central catheters (PICC) removal difficulty in senior elderly patients. A senior elderly patient with PICC difficulty for removing was analyzed comprehensively. The main reasons for the difficulty of removal were the adhesion of the catheter tip to the wall of superior vena cava, the change of anatomical structure of the vein and the loss of elasticity of the catheter after repeated pulling. The senior elderly group has some characteristics different from the general patient group, such as long-term bed rest, limb loss, long-term intravenous parenteral nutrition and so on, During the use of PICC, attention should be paid to abnormal changes of catheter, consult with specialist nurses in time, and solve problems with multidisciplinary consultation when necessary, so as to avoid difficulties in removal caused by improper maintenance and improper removal operation and serious complications caused by removal failure. (探讨老年高龄患者经外周静脉穿刺置入中心静脉导管(PICC)拔管困难的原因和护理对策。对1例老年高龄患者PICC拔管困难进行综合分析。导管头端黏附于上腔静脉壁、静脉解剖结构改变、反复牵拉导管至导管失去弹性是此患者拔管困难的主要原因。老年高龄群体有一些不同于普通患者群体的特点, 如长期卧床、肢体失功、长期静脉高营养等特点, PICC使用期间应关注导管异常变化, 及时请专科护士会诊, 必要时联合多学科会诊解决问题, 以避免因维护不当以及拔管操作不当导致的拔管困难以及因拔管失败造成的严重并发症。)

This review summarized the research progress on the preparation methods of nano-delivery systems, the types of proteins used to construct plant polyphenol nano-delivery carriers, and the modification of nano-delivery carriers by cross-linking agents domestically and internationally. The development of protein-based plant polyphenol nano-delivery carriers in the food field was also prospected.

Using three varieties of Baccaurea ramiflora as raw material, the nutritional components of pericarp, pulp, and stone were respectively determined. The processing technology of B.ramiflora wine was investigated by single-factor experiments and orthogonal experiments. The results showed that the moisture and flavonoids contents on pericarp of the white pericarp B.ramiflora grown in Thailand the artificial cultivated B.ramiflora and the wild B.ramiflora grown in Kunming-Xishuangbanna were higher than 85% and 13.18 mg/g, respectively. The pericarp polyphenols and pulp polysaccharide of B.ramiflora artificially cultivated in Xishuangbanna were 46.95 mg/g and 743 mg/g, respectively. The Vitamin C content in pulp of Thailand varitywas 5.63 mg/100 g. The best conditions for fermentation were fermentation temperature of 27 ℃, fermentation time of 6 days, initial sugar concentration of 24 % vol, liquid-material ratio of 1∶1 (w/v) and yeast inoculation quantity of 0.2% (w/w). Under the optimum conditions, the alcohol content of B.ramiflora wine was 12.3%vol, sensory score was 86.5, DPPH free radical scavenging rate was 13.84 mg/mL, ferric ion reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) was 14.32 mg/mL, leading the wine to be intensely fruity with a refreshing aftertaste.

This review introduced the classification, structure and physical and chemical properties of dietary fiber, and summarized the relevant research literature on the modification methods and physicochemical properties of dietary fiber at home and abroad in recent years. The development direction of the physicochemical properties of dietary fiber and its modification methods were also prospected, in order to provide a theoretical reference for its efficient and comprehensive utilization.

ObjectiveTo investigate the changes of nutrients in colostrum， transitional milk， mature milk and late milk after storage at indoor temperature for 3 h， at 4 ℃ for 24 h， at -18 ℃ for 30 d， and at -18 ℃ for 90 d， so as to select the most suitable storage method of milk.MethodsFifteen pregnant women registered in the Shanghai Hongkou Liangcheng Village Street Community Health Service Center， who were expected to give birth from January to June in 2019， were selected. The breast milk of each woman was followed from delivery to 10 months after breast-feeding. Colostrum， transitional milk， mature milk and late milk were sampled， and each sample was divided into 5 parts. Changes in protein， fat， lactose， minerals， carbohydrates， vitamins and bacterial colony number of breast milk were detected according to 0 h （16-18 ℃）， 3 h （16-18 ℃）， 24 h （4 ℃） to 37 ℃， 30 d （-18 ℃） to 37 ℃ after thawing at 40 ℃ and 90 d （-18 ℃） to 37 ℃ after thawing at 40 ℃.ResultsThe results showed that the nutritional components of milk in different stages decreased with time. However， there was no significant difference in the decline of nutritional components in different stages of milk after the same duration of time （P>0.05）.ConclusionThe milk at each stage can be stored， and the lactating mother can store the excess milk at any stage as she wishes.

ObjectiveTo develop plasmid DNA reference materials that can be used for polymyxin antibiotic resistance encoding genes rapid detection.MethodsThe reference sequence of mcr­1， mcr­3 and mcr­5 were retrieved from the National Center for Biotechnology Information to construct recombinant plasmids and strains. The recombinant strains were subcultured for 15 generations to detect the genetic stability of the target gene. The recombinant plasmid was extracted and vacuum dried to prepare the standard sample. The limit of detection （LOD） of PCR and RT­qPCR was determined after the standard sample was hydrated and continuously diluted with 10­fold gradient， respectively. Multi­tube plasmid DNA standard samples were randomly selected to qualitatively and quantitatively evaluate the uniformity and storage stability at 4 ℃， 37 ℃ and -20 ℃ by PCR and UV spectrophotometer.ResultsFragments of mcr­1， mcr­3 and mcr­5 that encoding polymyxin resistance mechanism were successfully obtained. Target genes in the recombinant strains could stably inherited after subcultured for 15 generations. The LOD of PCR and RT­qPCR of mcr­1， mcr­3 and mcr­5 standard samples were 1.67×104 and 1.67 copies/μL， 1.31×104 and 13.1 copies/μL， 1.55×105 and 1.55 copies/μL， respectively. The mass F values of 12 standard samples randomly selected for each gene were all less than the F critical value， each gene could be detected by RT­qPCR and indicating that the uniformity of the samples met the requirements. When standard samples were stored at 4 ℃ for 90 d， 37 ℃ for 14 d and -20 ℃ for 360 d， the qualitative and quantitative test result showed it was stable without significant difference.ConclusionIn this study， plasmid DNA standard samples that carrying mcr­1， mcr­3 and mcr­5 were prepared. The target genes could be stably inherited， the standard samples had good uniformity and storage stability， and could be used as a quality control samples for polymyxin antibiotics resistance encoding genes detection and mechanisms prediction.

In recent years, with the in-depth study of PD-1 and PD-L1 and the development of immunotherapy, the first problem is how to screen the beneficiaries. Recent clinical studies have shown that the expression level of PD-L1 in circulating tumor cells (CTC) can be used as a potential biomarker to play a guiding role in immunotherapy of malignant tumors. This article reviews the latest clinical research progress on the expression of PD-L1 in circulating tumor cells in various solid tumors.

In order to explore the activity recovery of the quartz sand mature filter materials when some unused mature filter materials were used again, and the effect of hardness change on the removal of NH4+ and Mn2+ was also investigated, a pilot-scale filter experiment system was used for this study. The results showed that when these unused filter materials that had not been used for 60 days were used again, the activity of the oxide film could be restored in only 2.5 days. When the hardness in influent reached 701 mg/L, the removal efficiency of ammonia nitrogen and manganese were significantly reduced. The efficient removal of ammonia nitrogen and manganese was restored within 12 hours after adding stopped. The surface of the oxide film was microscopically characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) . It was found from SEM that the increase in hardness caused some substance to block the porous structure of the film surface; from EDS that the content of calcium on the film surface increased significantly, and the increased calcium substance might cause the decrease in removal efficiency of ammonia nitrogen and manganese; and from XPS that MnO and Mn3O4 might be the chemical forms of the oxide film, and Ca [Mn (OH) 6] 2 covered on the surface and in the pores of the oxide film, which was the main reason for the decrease of the pollutants removal.

Using N-vinylimidazole as the reactant and introducing different ether-based side chains pH/salt dual-sensitive poly(imidazole ionic liquid) gel (P[CnOC2vim]Cl, n=1, 2, 3) was designed and synthesized. The structure characteristic of the gel was determined by IR spectra and SEM. The swelling ratio of gel under different conditions was investigated, including releasing property for ciprofloxacin (CIP) and berberine (Ber). The results showed that P[CnOC2vim]Cl(n=1, 2, 3) gel exhibits typical pH-sensitivity and salt-sensitivity. Its swelling ratio increased first and then decreased, and reached the maximum when the value of pH was 7.4; the swelling rate is smaller under the higher concentration of the NaCl. Furthermore, P[COC2vim]Cl gel with the short ether chain has the highest release rate of CIP and Ber at pH=7.4, the release behavior is in accord with the first-order kinetic equation. With the increase of the side chain of ether group, the cumulative release rate of P[CnOC2vim]Cl(n=2, 3) gel to CIP and Ber decreased obviously, and the behavior comforts to Higuchi kinetic equation. The results suggest that P[CnOC2vim]Cl(n=1, 2, 3) gel is the pH/salt dual-sensitive potential carrier for controlled drug release.

Since cold spraying (CS) technology was discovered, it has shown prominent potential in fabricating compact metallic coatings. However, the coating performance cannot meet the needs of the industry in some cases. For this, in this article, with taking copper as an example, the technology and performance characteristics of cold sprayed copper coatings at home and abroad in recent years were reviewed. The effects of four post - treatment processes on the microstructure and properties of cold sprayed copper coatings were discussed, and the applications of cold sprayed copper coatings in main fields were given. Finally, the problems and solutions still existing in the preparation of copper by cold spraying were analyzed and prospected.

Diabetes mellitus type 2(T2DM) has a high morbidity because there is no specific treatment. Mitochondrial injury and metabolic disorder are the most important pathophysiological manifestations of T2DM. So it is essential to maintain mitochondrial function and cell metabolic homeostasis. Mitochondrial deacetylase silence information regulator 3 (SIRT3) is crucial for the regulation of respiratory enzymes, for antagonizing oxidative stress and promoting mitochondrial autophagy as well as glucose uptake.

ObjectiveBased on the fact that the quality control bacteria used for bacterial drug sensitivity determination are commonly sensitive to antibiotics, while most foodborne pathogens isolated in China are relatively tolerant to these antibiotics, the concentration range of antibiotics used for antimicrobial sensitivity test is very wide, which resulting in antibiotic wastes and inaccurate test result.MethodsIn this study, five standard samples with clear minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) were successfully developed for sensitivity test of common antibiotics(streptomycin, gentamicin, chloramphenicol, cefoxitin and ampicillin). Agar dilution and microbroth dilution method were respectively used to determine the susceptibility of isolates to the antibiotics, the reference strains were developed via vacuum freeze-drying.ResultsThe reference strains with clear MICs assignment of streptomycin, gentamicin, chloramphenicol, cefoxitin and ampicillin were developed respectively. The antibiotic susceptibility of the reference strains was genetically stable, and the uniform and storage stability of them were good. When stored at 37 ℃ for 13 d, 4 ℃ for 90 d and -80 ℃ for 360 d, respectively, the viable bacteria number basically remained above 105 CFU/vial. All confirmed antibiotic resistance phenotypes could be detected, and the MICs value of the certain antibiotics did not show apparent fluctuation or drift.ConclusionThe development of reference strains that in line with the characteristics of drug resistance of foodborne pathogens in China with clear MICs assignment to certain antibiotics would help to enrich the types of reference strains in China, and further strengthen the monitoring of drug-resistant bacteria to ensure food safety and public health.

ObjectiveTo investigate whether an acclimatization period should be introduced into the home cage experiment for the detection of metabolic function in mice, and how to judge and set its length.MethodsData from 31 home cage experiments in 2016-2017 were collected, and each experiment was set up with a 3-day (72 hours) acclimatization period. Data such as water consumption, food intake, heat production, and body weight were recorded. The data were analyzed using 24-hour interval analysis to determine the acclimatization effect.ResultsApproximately 12% of the 356 mice drank less than 1 mL at the end of 96 hours. There were significant differences in water consumption, food intake, heat production rate, and body weight between 24-48 hours and 48-72 hours, but no significant differences were detected between 48-72 hours and 72-96 hours, except in food intake. Independent verification of the food intake of each experiment showed that there was a significant correlation between food intake adaptability and weight.ConclusionApproximately 12% of the mice were unable to learn or adapt to the new water bottle after the 72-hour acclimatization period, therefore, researchers should consider increasing the sample size of the experiment to eliminate invalid data. If food intake is not the focus of a study, the 48-hour acclimatization is sufficient to obtain reliable results.

Objective: The pyrolysis transfer rate of aglycones from 7 kinds of glucosides added to cigarette paper in mainstream and sidestream smoke was studied. Methods: 5-methylfurfuryl alcohol glucoside, menthol glucoside, anisyl alcohol glucoside, leaf alcohol glucoside, phenylethanol glucoside, ethyl vanillin glucoside and vanillin glucoside were applied to the surface of cigarette paper and inject into cigarette according to the 0.01% of the weight of cut tobacco respectively. The transfer rates of aglycones in mainstream smoke and side stream smoke were determined under two kinds of flavoring methods. On this basis, the transfer rules of seven aglycones in mainstream smoke and sidestream smoke were studied when the concentration of 0.001%, 0.010% and 0.050% was applied to cigarette paper. Results: In mainstream smoke, the transfer rates of seven aglycones in cut tobacco were higher than those added to cigarette paper, but the opposite was true in sidestream smoke; 5-methylfurfuryl alcohol had the highest transfer rate of aglycones in mainstream smoke and sidestream smoke, and menthol had the lowest transfer rate, followed by leaf alcohol, anisyl alcohol, phenylethanol, ethyl vanillin and vanillin. Under the condition of 0.001% addition, the transfer rates of seven aglycones in mainstream and side stream smoke were 0.27%~1.24% and 0.42%~1.71% respectively, 0.010% addition were 0.38%~1.87% and 0.54%~2.52% respectively, 0.050% addition were 0.31%~1.56% and 0.47%~2.19% respectively. Conclusion: The transfer rates of seven aglycones in side stream smoke were higher than those in mainstream smoke at three additive gradients, the transfer rates of aglycones in mainstream and side stream smoke showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing with the increase of addition.

The purpose of this study was to retrospectively investigate the prognostic significance of the lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR) in patients with middle and advanced thoracic malignant tumors (esophageal and lung cancer) prior to and after radiotherapy. The clinical data of 74 patients with middle-advanced stage lung and esophageal cancer who received radiotherapy in Jiangsu Shengze hospital from January 2017 to December 2021 were screened for this retrospective analysis. Peripheral blood was collected, and LMR was recorded before and within one week following radiotherapy. The receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was established to obtain the best cut-off value for overall survival (OS). The correlation between LMR and prognosis before and after radiotherapy was examined. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to create the survival curve, and Cox proportional hazard regression model was used for univariate and multivariate analysis. The median follow-up time was 15 months, and the median age was 70 years. According to the ROC curve, the best critical value of LMR prior to radiotherapy was 2.46, AUC=0.719, while the best critical value of LMR after radiotherapy was 1.07, AUC=0.682. The Cox risk ratio model showed that clinical stage, diagnosis, combination therapy, and LMR before and after radiotherapy were all related to prognosis. Multivariate analysis revealed that clinical stage, combination therapy, and LMR before and after radiotherapy were independent prognostic factors in patients with middle and advanced lung and esophageal cancer following radiotherapy (p

Objective To explore the gene mutation frequency and characteristics of phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) in PAH deficiency children in some regions of Chongqing in order to provide scientific reference for the diagnosis and treatment of the disease. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 45 children with PAH deficiency who were diagnosed in our hospital from January 1, 2014 to October 25, 2020. They was assigned into classic phenylketonuria (PKU), mild PKU and mild hyperphenylalaninemia (HPA). We analyzed the mutations of PAH gene by second-generation high-throughput sequencing and multiplex ligase probe dependent amplification (MLPA) technique, and the results were verified by the detection of corresponding mutation sites of their parents by Sanger sequencing. Results ① There were 2 mutation sites in 43 cases, including 40 cases of compound heterozygous mutation and 3 cases of homozygous mutation. All mutations were detected in the corresponding mutation sites of their parents. The left 2 cases had heterozygous mutations, and had only 1 mutation site. ② There were 34 types of mutations detected in 45 patients with PAH deficiency. Missense mutation was the main mutation type (52.9%). The mutation frequency of c.728G>A was the highest (15.9%, 14/88), followed by c.158G>A (11.4%, 10/ 88), c.1197A>T (9.1%, 8/88), and c.721C > T (9.1%, 8/88). The region of high frequency mutation was in exon 7, which contained 4 mutations and 26 mutations sites (29.5%). ③ There were 11 PAH gene mutations in 13 patients with classic PKU. The mutation frequency of c.728G> A (8/25, 32%) was the highest. There were 9 PAH gene mutations in 8 patients with mild PKU. The mutation frequency of c.728G>A (3/15, 20%) was the highest. There were 24 PAH gene mutations in 24 patients with mild HPA. The mutation frequency of c.158G>A (10/48, 20.8%). Conclusion The mutations in children with PAH deficiency in some regions of Chongqing are mainly compound heterozygosity. Missense mutation is the main type, with obvious hot spot mutations (c.728G>A, c.158G>A, c.721C > T and c.1197A>T).

Objective To explore the associated factors for quality of life in patients with progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP). Methods A total of 218 PSP patients were included from January 2012 to December 2019. Demographic and clinical data were collected. The quality of life was evaluated by the 39⁃Item Parkinson's disease Questionnaire (PDQ⁃39). The Progressive Supranuclear Palsy Rating Scale (PSPRS) was used to assess the severity of PSP related motor and non⁃motor symptoms, while the Non⁃Motor Symptoms Scale (NMSS) was used to elevate the non⁃motor symptoms, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale⁃24 (HAMD⁃24), Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAMA), Lille Apathy Rating Scale (LARS), Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB), and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) were used. The Pearson and partial correlation followed by the multiple linear regression were used to explore the correlates of the PDQ⁃39 score. Results Correlation analysis indicated that the PDQ⁃39 score was positively correlated with disease duration (r=0.301, P=0.000), Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI; r=0.147, P=0.031), levodopa equivalent daily dose (LEDD; r=0.225, P=0.001), and scores for the PSPRS (r=0.551, P=0.000), NMSS (r=0.484, P=0.000), HAMD⁃24 (r=0.515, P=0.000), HAMA (r=0.439, P=0.000) and LARS (r=0.476, P=0.000), but was negatively correlated with scores of FAB (r=⁃0.325, P=0.000) and MoCA (r=⁃0.355, P=0.000). Multiple linear stepwise regression model indicated that the PDQ⁃39 score was significantly associated with female (P=0.021), longer disease duration (P=0.026), higher LEDD (P=0.008), higher PSPRS score (P=0.000), higher NMSS score (P=0.002), higher HAMD⁃24 score (P=0.004), and higher LARS score (P=0.000). Conclusions Female, longer disease duration, higher LEDD, and more severe motor and non⁃motor symptoms contribute to the reduced quality of life in patients with PSP. Our study is beneficial to the clinical management of patients with PSP.

Chronic constipation is the prototype of functional constipation, and its morbidity increases gradually with aging. Intestinal microorganisms are involved in the occurrence, development, pathophysiology and other processes of chronic constipation. They can regulate the motor function of the gastrointestinal tract, and the destruction of the dynamic balance of intestinal microorganisms can lead to the occurrence of chronic constipation.

Two new β-dihydroagrofuran compounds, 1β,2β,15-triacetoxy-8α-(α-methyl)-butanoyloy-9β-benzoxy-4α,6α- dihydroxy-β-dihydroagrofuran (compound I) and 1β,15-diacetoxy-8α-(α-methyl)-propionyloxy-2β,9β-dibenzoxy-4α,6α- dihydroxy-β-dihydroagrofuran (compound II), were isolated from Celastrus angulatus Maxim. The chemical shifts of the two new compounds were assigned by one- and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques. Their structures were elucidated.

Objective To investigate the clinical effect of greater occipital nerve decompression combined with selective superficial temporal artery ligation for treatment of medically intractable migraine. Methods and Results Clinical data of 19 patients with medically intractable migraine treated by greater occipital nerve decompression combined with selective superficial temporal artery ligation were retrospectively analyzed from January 2018 to June 2019. Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and Migraine Disability Assessment (MIDAS) were used to evaluated efficacy of the operation. The mean duration in hospital was (3.00 ± 0.67) d. Nineteen patients with preoperative syndrome such as vomiting, nausea, photophobia and phonophobia disappeared after surgery. The degree of pain was evaluated on the first day after operation, 17 patients with 0 score, two patients with one to three score according to postoperative VAS. Nineteen patients with Ⅰ level according to postoperative MIDAS. There was a significant difference of pain degree before and after the operation (VAS: Z = ⁃ 5.559, P = 0.000; MIDAS: Z = ⁃ 5.808, P = 0.000). None occurred surgical incision infection. Conclusions Greater occipital nerve decompression combined with selective superficial temporal artery ligation presents an excellent clinical effect in patients with medically intractable migraine, and also, it is a safe and micro⁃invasion procedure. doi：10.3969/j.issn.1672⁃6731.2021.03.015

In order to solve the safety problems in the lithium ion batteries used nowadays,the researchers were increasingly attracted by the solid electrolytes. Allophane was prepared from Na2SiO3 and AlCl3·6H2O by sol-gel method. By mixing the allophane and the polyethylene oxide/lithium perchlorate(PEO/LiClO4)with the solution blending method,the composite solid polymer electrolyte was obtained. X-ray diffraction(XRD),fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),differential scanning calorimetry(DSC),transmission electron microscope(TEM),scanning electron microscope(SEM)and optical microscopy(OM)were used to characterize the microstructure and morphology of the samples. The results show that the noncovalent bonding interactions(complexation,hydrogen bonding,and Lewis acid-base interaction)among allophane,LiClO4 and PEO significantly inhibit the crystallization of PEO. The crystallinity of PEO decreases and then increases with the increase of allophone content. Moreover,the crystallinity of PEO decrease with the increase of LiClO4 content. When EO/Li+ molar ratio is 10:1 and the content of allophane is 5%(mass fraction),the crystallinity of PEO in the solid polymer electrolyte is only 4.12%.

Soybean oil and rapeseed oil were taken as the research objects, and the sensory quality and characteristic indexes changes during the frying process for 15 hours at 170 ℃ were discussed. Meanwhile, the relationship between fatty acid composition, polar component, viscosity value and high value of oil bubble was studied. The results showed that the sensory experience of soybean oil in the frying process was better than that of rapeseed oil. The changes of acid value of the two kinds of oils were within the hygienic standard(acid value≤5 mgKOH/g), and there was a significant positive correlation between the bubble high value,viscosity, polar components and the frying time (P

With the increasing development of the microwave absorption materials, nitride material has attracted more attentions, and is expected to become a new kind of potential microwave absorbing materials due to their excellent physical and chemical properties. In this paper, the research status of nitride microwave absorbing materials was discussed, and the research status of titanium nitride, iron nitride, manganese nitride, boron carbon nitride and alloy nitride was summarized in detail. Finally, the developing trend of nitride materials was prospected from the aspects of morphology control, bionic structure design, high temperature microwave absorption and microwave absorption mechanism.

Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in Shiyan, Hubei Province, and to compare the features with those of the recent treatment of influenza. Methods Forty-nine diagnosed COVID-19 patients admitted to the People's Hospital of Shiyan City from January 23 to February 9, 2020 were recruited in this study. Their clinical manifestations, epidemiological history, results of laboratory tests, and images of multi-slice CT (MSCT) examination were collected and analyzed, and the results were compared with the features of 31 cases of influenza virus infection (12 cases, accompanying pneumonia) during the same period. Results ① Fever and body temperature: Fever was the main complaint of the COVID-19 patients (87.76%), and the rate was significant lower than the influenza group (96.77%, P < 0.05). The COVID-19 group had low fever (22 cases) and moderate fever (21 cases) which were mainly different from those with moderate fever (12 cases) and high fever (18 cases) in the influenza group (P < 0.05). ② Cough and sputum: The incidence of cough and sputum was 65.31% in the COVID-19 group, which was significantly lower than that of the influenza group (93.55%, P < 0.01). ③ Sneezing and rhinorrhea: The incidence in the COVID-19 group was 2.04%, obviously lower than that of the influenza group (96.77%, P < 0.001). ④ Shortness of breath and chest tightness: The incidence was 12.24% in the COVID-19 group, and 29.03% in the influenza group (P < 0.05). ⑤ Fatigue and anorexia: The incidence rate was 34.69% in COVID-19 group, significantly higher than that of the influenza group (6.45%, P < 0.01). ⑥ Diarrhea: The incidence rate was 6.12% in the COVID-19 group, and no case was seen in the influenza group. ⑦ WBC count: The COVID-19 patients having a lower WBC count accounted for 77.55%, which was lower than the health control but higher than that of the influenza group (16.13%, P < 0.01). ⑧ Lymphocyte count: 38.78% COVID-19 patients had a lower lymphocyte ratio, but only 6.45% in the influenza group (P < 0.01). ⑨ Multi-slice CT (MSCT): All COVID-19 patients underwent 1 to 3 times of MSCT examination, and typical imaging features (bilateral lesions) were found in 91.84% patients. ⑩ Nucleic acid test: 77.55% patients were positive in the first time, 89.80% was in the second, 97.96% in the third, and 100% in the fourth. Conclusion Compared with influenza, COVID-19 are characterized by mainly low to moderate fever, rare chills, dry cough and sputum, very rear sneezing and runny nose, decreased WBC count, and not higher incidence of lymphocyte decline. The diagnosis needs based on the combination of clinical manifestation, epidemiological data, nucleic acid test and MSCT findings.

Hierarchical zeolite was successfully synthesized with activated attapulgite by the template of TEAOH in one pot. The influence of the activated attapulgite on hierarchical pore structure and crystal morphology of products under the different Si/Al ratios was systematically investigated. The results show that there are obvious diversity of the crystal morphology while the different activated palygorskites as precursors; XRD reveal that ZSM-5, ZSM-12 and ZSM-11 molecular sieves are obtained under the same condition when the alkali-roasted and acid-microwaved attapulgite (HM-NC-ATP), acid-microwaved attapulgite (HM-ATP) and acid-hydrothermal attapulgite (HH-ATP) are the precursors, respectively, and the morphology and pore structure of the products are inconsistent at different Si/Al ratios. Moreover, the hierarchy factor (HF) has a good linear dependence on the Si/Al ratio when HM-NC-ATP and HH-ATP are as the precursor; Hierarchical factor of zeolites is 0.105, which are prepared with HM-ATP, exhibiting the mainly mesoporous structure, it shows that the precursor of HM-ATP is beneficial to the formation of mesoporous structure.

With the development of electronic packaging towards high power and high density,the interconnection structure is faced with the reliability problem induced by electromigration. Most traditional simulation methods are based on a single or two physical fields. Herein,a simulation method for obtaining the distribution of atomic concentration in interconnection structures under the effect of complete coupling of electric field,temperature field,stress field and atomic concentration field was proposed to predict the void at the minimum value of atomic concentration using finite element method. This method is applied to interconnect lead structure and interconnect welding ball structure,respectively. And the accuracy and reliability of this method are verified by comparing experimental phenomena,which provides a precise prediction method for the reliability analysis of integrated circuit design.

Objective To screen and identify key genes and pathways involved in the progression of pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD) and to perform an integrated analysis. Methods GEO2R was commonly used to screen and identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in GSE15471, GSE16515, GSE28735 and GSE62165, and the GO and KEGG pathway analyses were performed with DAVID database. Then a proteinprotein interaction (PPI) network was constructed using a STRING database, and Cytoscape and GEPIA were used to identify the Hub genes. Finally, the mRNA levels of these Hub genes were quantitatively analyzed by RT-qPCR. Results We screened 181 uDEGs and 64 dDEGs, and the analysis results indicated that uDEGs and dDEGs were respectively enriched in cell component (CC), biological process (BP) and molecular functional (MF), and they were closely related to multiple signal pathways. Then, the top 25 genes with high degree score in DEGs were selected. And 8 genes could predict the poor prognosis of PAAD. RT-qPCR showed that these genes were differentially expressed in PAAD tissues. Conclusion MMP14, MMP1, MET, PLAU, ITGA2, KRT19, COL12A1 and ITGA3 are the key genes associated with the progress of pancreatic cancer.

Objective To evaluate adverse reactions of the hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) combined with intravenous chemotherapy in the treatment of ovarian cancer(OC) after the cytoreductive surgery (CRS), and to analyse the effect of adverse reactions on the survival time of patients. Methods We selected 163 patients with ovarian cancer. All patients got CRS for OC, and then were divided into two groups according to the different treatment modes: observation group (n=47, HIPEC in combination of intravenous chemotherapy) and control group (n=116, intravenous chemotherapy). The adverse reactions of the two groups were observed. All patients were followed up after operation. Results The incidence of hypoproteinemia in the observation group was higher than that in the control group, while the incidence of leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, abdominal distention and abdominal pain were lower than those in the control group (P < 0.05), and the other adverse reactions were not statistically different. The incidence of D-Dimer increase, hypocalcemia, hyperglycemia as well as nausea and vomiting in patients with > 2 cycles of HIPEC were increased (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in overall survival rate between the two groups. The survival of patients without anemia or mild anemia in the observation group was better than that of patients with severe anemia (P < 0.05). The occurrence of other adverse reactions had no significant effect on the overall survival rate of the patients. Conclusion HIPEC combined with intravenous chemotherapy after CRS would not increase adverse reactions, especially severe adverse reactions in OC patients, but there is a high incidence of hypoproteinemia.

Cognitive radar can sense the battlefield environment and feed this information back to a transmitter by imitating the cognitive learning process of bats to enable self-adaptive detection and processing, which are vital for the future intelligent development of radar. Therein, full utilization of the prior information of the target and environment to design radar waveform for improving the performance of target detection, tracking, and anti-jamming is difficult and has been the focus of cognitive radar development. Therefore, based on different jamming environments, target models, and antenna configurations (e.g., Single Input Single Output (SISO) and Multiple Inputs Multiple Outputs (MIMO)), this study summarizes the key elements and main ideas of waveform design. Furthermore, this study lists the related literature on representativeness from the viewpoint of the use of different jamming environments and target models, aiming at providing reference and basis for cognitive waveform design research in the future.

Objective To investigate the antitumor efficacy of near-infrared photothermal therapy (NIPT) at different doses of gold nanorods (GNRs) and near-infrared light on gastric cancer SGC-7901 cells in vitro. Methods GNRs were prepared by seed-mediated growth method, and their morphology, particle size and light absorption were detected. The inhibitory rates of GNRs on the proliferation of SGC-7901 cells were measured by CCK-8. The inhibitory rates of GNRs at different concentrations and NIPT at different powers on the proliferation of SGC-7901 cells were calculated. Meanwhile, the apoptosis of gastric cancer cells was detected by Annexin V-FITC/PI fluorescence method, and the Caspase-3 and Caspase-9 enzyme activities were detected by spectrophotometry. Results The synthesized GNRs had a longitudinal plasmon resonance absorption peak at around 790nm. The cytotoxicity of pure GNRs was really low. However, NIPT had obvious antitumor effects on gastric cancer cells. With the increase of GNRs dose and near-infrared light power, the cell growth inhibition rate increased significantly. After administration of 40μg/ml GNRs for 1h and 3.0W/cm2 near-infrared radiation for 2min, the cell growth inhibition rate reached 93.4%. One hour after treatment, part of the cells were in early apoptotic stage; while three hours after treatment, the cells were in advanced apoptosis or death state, and the Caspase-3, Caspase-9 enzyme activity increased about one fold, compared with those of control group. Conclusion GNRs-mediated NIPT has obvious antitumor and apoptosis induction effects on gastric cancer cells.

Background Digital measurement system based on ADCs (analog-to-digital converter) has higher requirement on the signal to noise ratio (SNR) of sampled data. Among all the factors, the jitter of sampling clock has the most prominent effect on SNR. Purpose This study aims to design a clock circuit based on dual-loop phase-locked loop to reduce the jitter of digital measurement system input clock. Methods First of all, the influence of clock jitter on digital measurement system was analyzed. Then, the LMK04610 chip with dual loop PLL architecture of Texas Instruments was employed to design and implement a dual-loop phase-locked loop jitter cleaner circuit. The cores of this design were power supply design and the loop filter design. At last, the performance of the circuit was tested by using Rodschwarz phase noise analyzer. Results After testing, the dual-loop phase-locked loop jitter cleaner circuit can reduce the jitter of the 62.475 MHz source clock from more than 7 ps to less than 2 ps with output frequency of 499.8 MHz. The SNR of the sampled data is close to the theoretical value. Conclusions Dual-loop phase-locked loop jitter cleaner circuit has a good result and can provide reference for designers of digital measurement system.

Objective To explore the effect of hypoxia inducible factor 1α (HIF⁃1α) gene silencing in rat bone mar⁃ row mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) under mechanical distraction on the expression of bone sialoprotein (BSP) and osterix and to provide a new idea for repairing bone defects with BMMSCs. Methods The shRNA sequence was de⁃signed according to the rat HIF⁃1α gene, and the pGMLV⁃SC1RNAi lentiviral vector was cloned after PCR amplifica⁃ tion. After screening positive clones and identifying competent transformed cells by sequencing, 293T cells were pack⁃ aged and titered, rat BMMSCs were transfected and cultured in vitro. Clones with stably silenced HIF⁃1α expression were screened by inverted fluorescence microscopy. The RNAi response experiment was divided into four groups: the blank control group, the HIF⁃1α shRNA group, the negative control group, and the response group. Western blot was used to detect the expression of HIF⁃1α protein in the four groups to verify the response of the target genes and exclude off⁃target effects. A Flexcell FX⁃5000T cell stress loading system was used to intervene in the mechanical stretch of the cells. qRT⁃PCR and Western blot were used to detect the expression of BSP and osterix in the blank control group, HIF⁃ 1α shRNA group, and negative control group. Results The HIF ⁃ 1α shRNA lentiviral vector was successfully con⁃ structed. The results of the RNAi response showed no significant difference in the expression of HIF⁃1α between the re⁃ sponse and the blank control group (P > 0.05). The recombinant lentivirus could effectively silence HIF ⁃ 1α in BMMSCs. After mechanical distraction of the BMMSCs, compared with the blank and negative control groups, the HIF⁃ 1α shRNA group showed significantly increased mRNA and protein expression of the bone⁃related factors BSP and os⁃ terix (P < 0.05); there was no significant difference in the mRNA and protein expression of BSP or osterix between the blank and negative control groups (P > 0.05). Conclusion Silencing HIF⁃1α in BMMSCs under mechanical distrac⁃ tion can promote the expression of BSP and osterix.

As an important structural component of a plane in its fatigue design,typical single-shear lap joint usually requires the analysis of its secondary bending. With the flat shells, by rational modelestablishing and analysis, the papergot the secondary bending of all fatigue detail points. At the same time, the paper validated the flat shells method. The calculation results and conclusionspresented in the paper are of reference value for the fatigue design of airplane’s typical single-shear lap jointstructures.

The Al0.1CoCrFeNi high-entropy alloy (HEA) was melted by vacuum magnetic levitation, and quasi-static tensile experiments were performed by using an INSTRON mechanical testing system. The crystal structure, surface morphology, composition, microstructure, hardness, and creep behavior of the samples before and after the experiment were analyzed by X-ray diffraction, optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and nanoidentation. Results reveal that after tensile deformation, the alloy has an excellent strength-ductility combination, a significant strain-hardening effect, and an improved creep resistance. The fracture mode of sample is the typical microvoid accumulation fracture; there are a lot of microbands (the band width is about 200-300nm) inside the grains. The excellent strain-hardening ability is believed to be originated from the microband-induced plasticity effect during tensile loading.

BackgroundBeam position monitor (BPM) is an important beam measurement component of accelerators, and it generally needs to be calibrated before online operating. High energy photon source (HEPS) and upgrade of Beijing electron positron collider (BEPCII) will need a large amount of BPM, which brings challenges to the calibration work.PurposeThis study aims to design and implement an automatic BPM calibration system for raising calibration efficiency and improving the accuracy of BPM measurement after calibration.MethodsFirst of all, an analog beam generating device, precision motion and support device, signal processing electronics and industrial computer were employed to compose the hardware of the calibration system. Then, the control software was programmed by Python to realize automation of the calibration, and the binary polynomial regression algorithm was used to determine the probe calibration coefficient. Finally, the appropriate calibration parameters were optimized by the combination experiments with sufficient raw data, and the influence of calibration range, number of calibration points and fitting order on calibration accuracy were analyzed.ResultsThe calibration system can automatically complete the BPM probe calibration. The BPM accuracy can reach 40 μm over the entire calibration range, and 7 μm in the local linear region.ConclusionsThe calibration system of this study meets application requirements and achieves the expected function. The measurement accuracy of the calibrated BPM is related to factors such as the order of the polynomial, the calibration range and the selection of calibration points.

TC4 alloy samples were built by selective laser melting (SLM). The microstructure was observed, and electrochemical measurements were performed to investigate the corrosion resistance of SLMed TC4 alloy in different forming surface and roughness. The traditional rolled sample was introduced as a reference. Results show that processing method, forming surface and roughness act a significant role in influencing the corrosion resistance. The microstructure of SLMed TC4 on vertical section consists of the primitive columnar β grains filled with a large number of acicular α' martensites oriented at approximately ±45° with building direction. Unlike the typical α+β phase of traditional rolled sample, a chessboard pattern is observed on cross-section of SLMed TC4. The electrochemical results suggest that the corrosion resistance of traditional rolled sample is superior to that of SLMed sample. SLMed TC4 sample exhibits a better corrosion resistance on the vertical section, compared with the cross-section. Besides, the SLMed sample with rougher surface exhibits poorer corrosion resistance. Obvious etch pit is found on the surface of SLMed sample and the corrosion morphology is pitting.