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Microwave dielectric ceramics, owing to their ability to serve as dielectrics in microwave circuits, are widely used in communications, navigation, radar, satellite, and other fields as a key foundational material in modern communications technology.Grounded in an analysis of the current state of microwave dielectric ceramics and their corresponding industry both in China and abroad,this study identifies the challenges faced in the development of these ceramics in China and proposes a strategy for the independent development of microwave dielectric ceramics, encompassing development goals, strategies, key directions, and a development roadmap.The study aims to promote the development of microwave dielectric ceramics, facilitate the shift of the product structure from mid- to high-end products, and achieve breakthroughs in high-performance microwave dielectric ceramics preparation techniques and the independent production of upstream high-purity raw materials. Recommendations for research include strengthening the basic research and application foundations of microwave dielectric ceramics, enhancing innovative research and development in key areas of microwave communications, actively planning for 6G dielectric ceramics, and strengthening the development of the industry’s ecosystem.

Surfactants are widely used in the tertiary recovery of oilfields， and it is of great significance to study the mechanism of surfactant flooding from the microscopic point of view. In recent years， molecular dynamics （MD） simulation has become essential for oil and gas field development research. The use of MD simulation to study surfactants has become a hot spot. Through MD simulation， the numerical solutions of Newton’s equations are calculated for all the moving particles in the system， and the change in atomic positions with time is analyzed， from which some laws are found. MD simulation can be used to study the microscopic behavior of surfactant molecules to explore the properties of surfactant molecules and the microscopic flooding mechanism. MD simulation of the movement and aggregation state of surfactants at the interface and the analysis of the influence of surfactant molecules at the interface on the interfacial system are of some guiding significance for the field application of surfactants. To this end， based on the principle overview of MD simulation， firstly， the force field， boundary conditions， system types， and numerical algorithms in MD simulation are summarized； secondly， the microscopic mechanisms of MD simulation of surfactant flooding are highlighted， including the reduction of oil-water interfacial tension， the change in surface wettability， the increase in interfacial charge and emulsification， etc.； then， examples of the application of MD simulation in surfactant flooding are presented. Finally， the development directions of MD simulation technology in surfactant flooding are proposed， including the flooding environment similar to production， the design of new surfactants， the relationship between theory and experiment， the selection of molecular force field and potential energy model， and the research and development of composite and multifunctional integrated surfactants.

Purposes As a coal based solid waste rich in silicon and aluminum oxides, utilization of coal gangue is crucial for the sustainable development of coal industry. Methods Integrated grinding modification of calcined coal gangue and aluminate coupling agent to prepare rubber reinforcement was proposed. The influences of grinding time and the amount of modifier on the surface modification were investigated. Ultrafine particles were obtained through air flow classification, and the influences of modification or not and particle size on the reinforcing and filling properties of rubber were analyzed. Findings The results show that the best comprehensive modification effect is achieved when the duration of ball milling is 30 min and the amount of aluminate coupling agent is 2%. The characteristic functional groups of aluminate coupling agent appear on the surface of coal gangue. Compared with the rubber filled with commercial silica, the rubber filled with the air-flow graded modified filler possesses higher hardness and crosslinking density, its vulcanization performance is better, the tensile strength, elongation at break and permanent deformation at break are reduced, and the fixed extension stress is increased. The particle size distribution of the filler has an obvious effect on the properties of rubber, with the decreases of the particle size of the filler, the vulcanization property is improved, and the tensile property is also improved. The reinforcement performance of modified superfine coal gangue as filler is close to that of silica, which has the potential to replace silica.

Objective: To add a freezing sword inside the evaporator of the ice mould of a direct-cooled block ice machine to achieve rapid ice production. Methods: COMSOL was used to simulate the effects of the cross-sectional shape of the freezing sword and the freezing sword inclination angle on the ice production process. Results: As the ice making process continued, the average internal temperature of the ice mould with additional freezing swords of different cross-sectional shapes decreased and the volume fraction of solid phase in the ice mould increasedd with time, but the average internal temperature of the ice mould with additional freezing swords of circular cross-section was 0.1~0.2 ℃ lower than that of triangular, rectangular and diamond shapes in the same time. In addition, the lower the freezing sword inclination angle was, the faster of the ice production rate it was. Conclusion: The ice-making rate is faster when the cross-section shape of the freezing sword is round or nearly round. Under the premise of ensuring easy de-icing, the angle of inclination of the freezing sword should be reduced as much as possible.

Purpose: As the depth of underground metal mining increases,the temperature underground continually rises. This study aims to investigate the impact of temperature variations on the flowability of ultrafine tailings backfill slurry, with the goal of optimizing the design and operation of backfill systems. Methods: The effects of temperature changes on slurry flow characteristics were analyzed through rheological experiments and numerical simulations. Additionally,the influence of pipeline diameter and inlet flow rate on the flow characteristics of ultrafine tailings slurry was studied in conjunction with engineering requirements. Results and Conclusion; The rheological properties of ultrafine tailings backfill slurry can be characterized by the Bingham model. During transportation, the velocity field exhibits a core structure flow, and adjusting the inlet flow rate and pipeline diameter can enhance transport efficiency and control velocity distribution. Within a certain temperature range, as the slurry temperature increases, the yield stress and viscosity of the slurry decrease, and the specific frictional resistance decreases; however,when the temperature exceeds a certain value, the slurry viscosity increases, and the specific frictional resistance also increases. Temperature has a significant effect on the flow characteristics of ultrafine tailings backfill slurry,and adjusting the inlet flow rate and pipeline diameter can improve transport efficiency and control velocity distribution. Significance;The research results provide a scientific basis for the design and operation of backfill [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aims to improve the quality, efficiency, and economic benefits of using ultrafine phosphate tailings in mining backfill operations. Method; Based on the physicochemical properties of phosphate tailings, this study investigates the optimal conditions for their flocculation and sedimentation by controlling flocculant dosage and feed concentration. Additionally, it examines the effects of varying solid concentrations and sand-to-cement ratios on the flowability of the backfill slurries and the mechanical properties of the backfill mass. Result and Conclusion; The results indicate that the optimal feed concentration for flocculation and sedimentation of ultrafine phosphate tailings is 10% .With a polyacrylamide dosage of 25 g/t, the underflow [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The natural oscillation frequency of the magnetic coupling wireless power transfer system is easily affected by circuit parameters and frequency bifurcation phenomenon often occurs. In order to solve the above problems, the equivalent circuit model of magnetic coupling wireless energy transfer system is used to derive the load resistance and transfer distance range that can maintain the frequency stability of the system. Furthermore, the load resistance range under which the system frequency stability is not affected by the transfer distance is obtained. In this range, the system always maintains a constant frequency and the natural oscillation frequency is not affected by the transfer distance. Moreover, the theoretical analysis is verified by simulation and experiment. The results show that the increase of load resistance and transfer distance will reduce the output power and transfer efficiency of the system to a certain extent. Therefore, in the context of maintaining the frequency stability of the system, the output power and transfer efficiency should be considered, and the appropriate load resistance and transfer distance should be selected so as to prevent the output power and transfer efficiency of the system from being too low.

Objective $ This work was aimed to analysis the influence of steaming processing on the extraction, physio¬chemical properties, and digestion properties of sweet potato soluble dietary fiber (SDF). Methods: The response surface methodology and desirability function were conducted to optimize the solid-liquid ratio, extract temperature, and extract time of sweet potato SDF extraction for higher yield and total sugar content. SDF from steamed sweet potato (SDF-S) and from fresh sweet potato (SDF-F) were extracted by the optimized parameters. The yield, polysaccharide composition, and dietary fiber content, as well as water holding capability and oil holding capability, were measured to compare the differences of two SDF. Besides, simulated digestion in vitro was performed to assess the digestion properties. Results: The optimized parameters were 1#16 of solid-liquid ration, 40 $ of extraction temperature, and 40 min extraction time. The SDF-S showed significantly higher yield [(6.13±0.25%) vs (2.89±0.18)%], neutral polysaccharide content [(59.31 ± 0.73)% vs (46.83±0.63)%], acidic polysaccharide content [(25.36±0.48)% vs (9.60±0.14)%], dietary fiber content [(54.71±6.70)% vs (35.69±3.25)%], water holding capability [(4.60±0.31) g/g vs (3.27±0.21) g/g] and oil holding capa¬bility [(3.30±0.40) g/g vs (1.82±0.28) g/g] than SDF-F (P<0.05), while the SDF-F showed better resistance to digestion than SDF-S. Conclusion: Steaming processing improved the accessibility of sweet potato SDF but weakened its resistance to digestion.en [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 1H and 13C NMR signals of a novel carbazole-isatin based bis-thiocarbohydrozone derivative 2, 1-[(3Z)-2-oxoindoline-3-ylidene]-5-[(9-hexyl-3-carbazolyl)ylidene]thiocarbohydrazone, were assigned, and the structure of the compound was confirmed.

Objective To assess hypoxia⁃inducible factor 1α (HIF⁃1α) expression levels in the periodontal tissues of the pressure side during orthodontic tooth movement in rats. Methods A total of 50 male 6⁃week⁃old Sprague Daw⁃ ley (SD) rats were randomly divided into 10 groups of 5 rats each. The upper left first molar was the experimental tooth and was pulled mesially with an orthodontic force of 10⁃15 g for 0, 1, 3, 6, or 12 h, or 1, 3, 7, 14, or 21 d. Routine five⁃ micrometer paraffin⁃embedded tissue sections were processed for HE staining and immunohistochemical staining for HIF ⁃1α. The Image⁃Pro Plus system was used to quantitatively analyze the stained slices. Results The expression of HIF⁃ 1α in the periodontal tissue of the pressure side changed during the process of orthodontic tooth movement. The expres⁃ sion of HIF⁃1α increased immediately after loading for 1 h, reached a small peak at 3 h, and then decreased. After 12 h, the expression increased again, reached a peak after 1 d, and then gradually decreased to near the pre⁃loading level (P < 0.05). Conclusion There were differences in expression of HIF⁃1α in different groups in the periodontal tissues of the pressure side during orthodontic tooth movement in rats.

[Purpose/significance] The paper analyzes the 542 literatures related to knowledge organizations in 2007-2016, which are included in the core database of Web of ScienceTM, and aims to grasp the current research situation in this field and provides references for domestic relevant research. [Method/process] Based on the method of bibliometrics, the CiteSpace software was used to analyze and draw the knowledge map from the aspects of annual issuers, authors, countries and research institutions, keywords, co-citation and so on. [Result/conclusion] The results show that authors the most publications are B. Hjorland, I. Dahlberg , V. Broughton etc; the cooperation between researchers and institutions is relatively rare; knowledge organization research areas focus on the knowledge organization itself and classification, ontology and so on; B. Hjorland, H.A. Olson, I. Nonaka and other cited scholars and their cited literatures have high influence on this theme; Knowledge Organization, Journal of Documentation is most important journals for the knowledge organization.

[Purpose/significance] The complementarity of intelligence personnel is the necessary condition for the development of intelligence work. The individual advantage of judging the characteristics of competence is the important foundation to promote the efficiency of intelligence personnel. [Method/process] According to the goal, ideas were planned. The value parameter was determined from the most favorable perspective of the evaluated intelligence personnel. The individual superiority discriminant model and the democratic discriminant model of the intelligence personnel competency were put forward, and the model solution was given. [Result/conclusion] With 10 intelligence officers chosen as the research samples, the results of the calculation are used to verify the validity and productivity of the model, and provide references for evaluating the competency characteristics of intelligence personnel.

Objective: To investigate the effect of hepatitis B virus (HBV) on the expression of type I interferon and its possible mechanism. Methods: HepG2 cells and HBV stably transfected HepG2.2.15 cells were used as the model, cells were transfected with pEGFP-HBx plasmid or HBx-siRNA, the levels of IFN-α and IFN-β mRNA in cells were detected by fluorescence quantitative PCR, and the expression of pEGFP-HBx plasmid in HepG2 cells was observed by fluorescence microscope, the changes of HBx and p-IRF3 protein in cells were analyzed by Western blot, to investigate the effect of HBV on the expression of type I interferon. Results: The levels of IFN-α and IFN-β mRNA in HepG2.2.15 cells were slightly higher than those in HepG2 cells, there was no significant difference (P>0.05); after silencing HBx expression by using RNA interference in HepG2.2.15 cells, the levels of IFN- α and IFN-β mRNA were significantly increased. Moreover, the levels of type I interferon genes expression and p-IRF3 protein expression in HepG2 cells transfected with pEGFP-HBx were both decreased. Conclusion: HBV inhibits the expression of type I interferon by regulating the activation of IRF3 protein through HBx protein. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to the current situations of cosmetics industry and raw material development in China, the gaps and potential advantages for development of cosmetics industry were analyzed, and especially, the development and innovation of raw materials were compared between China and those developed countries. Based on the successful application of the theory of pharmacophylogeny in development of traditional Chinese medicine and traditional Chinese medicine resources, it was proposed that, taking the theory of pharmacophylogeny as the guidance, China's rich plant resources and traditional medicine advantages should be utilized, and new ideas and implementation paths for development of new cosmetic plant raw materials should be explored. That would be of great significance to expand the sources of utilizable cosmetic plant raw materials, guide the search and development of new plant raw materials for cosmetics, look for alternatives to foreign raw materials and provide warning to plant raw materials of potential risk. It could provide effective support for rapidly improving the scientific and technological innovation power of China's cosmetics and achieving highquality industrial development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) present significant efficacy in the treatment of malignant tumors, and they have been approved as the first-line of treatment for various cancers. Pembrolizumab monotherapy or combined with chemotherapy has been recommended by domestic and foreign guidelines for the first-line treatment of recurrent/ metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Although ICIs represent a milestone in the treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, potential problems still need to be addressed, such as the selection of the efficacy predictors for ICIs, the evaluation of the tumor response to ICIs, and the treatment of immune hyperprogression and immune-related adverse events. Therefore, to form a relatively unified understanding of ICIs treatment for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, we integrated the clinical experience of multi-disciplinary experts of head and neck cancers on the basis of current clinical hot issues and finally developed this consensus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Taking 5-year-old Cabernet Sauvignon varieties as research objects, the availability of protection measures was explored in winter vineyards in the eastern and western foothills of Helan Mountain. Two cover methods, "straw mulch with PVC film" and "PP black film with PVC film", were set up in two vineyards of both foothills during the wine grape overwintering period from 2019 to 2020. The temperature increase effects of two cover measures were analyzed by monitoring the changes of soil temperature in the root zone and surface under different treatments, compared to a control treatment with traditional soil burial in winter. The results indicated that: (1) the temperature of the two foothills fluctuated after the beginning of winter, and there were several low valleys during the period. Under the cumulative influence of continuous low temperature, the surface soil temperature of the eastern and western foothills fluctuated greatly, showing a trend of decreasing at first and then increasing. Soil temperature in the underground root zone decreased steadily until January 15-24 and subsequently began to rise slowly. (2) During the test period, the soil temperature in the western side was lower than that in the eastern side, and the difference of surface temperature between the two sides was large. The mean surface soil temperatures of "straw mulch with PVC film (T1)"and "PP black film with PVC film (T2)" treatments were -2.07°C and -1.96°C in the eastern foothills, and -4.01°C and -3.65°C in the western foothills, respectively. The mean soil temperature in the root zone was 0.85°C in the east and 0.74°C in the west under T1 treatment, 0.89°C in the east and 0.37°C in the west under T2 treatment. (3)Compared to two coverage measures, the surface soil temperature was not significantly increased, while the root soil temperature was increased in different degrees. In the east side of the mountain, the temperatures of "straw mulch with PVC film (T1)"and "PP black film with PVC film (T2)"treatments were 0.68°C and 0.71°C higher than that of the control, respectively, and the difference was not obvious. In the west side, the temperature of T1 treatment was 0.81°C higher than that of the control and significantly higher than increase range of T2 treatment (0.44°C). Therefore, "straw mulch with PVC film" was recommended measure for wine grape to against freeze during winter in both sides of Helan Mountain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chronic cough is a common chronic respiratory disease in which cough is the only or main symptom. This cough typically lasts for more than eight weeks without significant abnormalities on the X-ray image. However, some chronic coughs may be diagnosed as chronic refractory cough (CRC) in two conditions; cough without definite causes after thorough examinations; symptoms without improving after conventional treatment. With the rapid advancement of science and society, CRC has received increased attention from clinicians, presenting the respiratory system research community with new challenges and opportunities. CRC has no specific name in the Chinese medicine system, but it can be named "Wan Ke" based on its "long duration". In the history of Chinese medicine, the treatment of "Wan Ke" has been scattered throughout the clinical theory and practice of Chinese medicine, but a systematic theory is still lacking. In this article, we use "multidimensionality" as an entry point to understand the pathogenesis of CRC in terms of its cause, nature, location, and syndrome, and to summarize the ideas of its syndrome differentiation and treatment variation. We believe that CRC is a disease of mixed deficiency and reality, with a mixture of cold and heat. The disease is located in the lungs, and its pathogenesis is closely related to the internal organs, with "lung and spleen related" being significant. The wind-evil hidden lung is the basic and central pathogenesis of CRC. In terms of treatment, the primary approach is Qufeng Xuanfei, combined with the identification of the symptoms and focusing on the lung and spleen. This is combined with syndrome differentiation to clear heat and dampness, invigorate the spleen, warm the lungs, dissolve drinks, and remove dampness and phlegm. In addition, we should also pay attention to the treatment of sparing the liver and regulating wood by changing the medication and dosage as the syndrome changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To explore the control strategy for homogenized processing in threshing and redrying, the blended tobacco materials of different chemical uniformity were prepared through bundle-based and leaf-based selection methods separately. A three-scale analytic hierarchy process (AHP) was used to create a comprehensive evaluation index for assessing the result of homogenization control. The results of homogenization control under nicotine, color and spectrum control modes were compared. The results showed that: 1) The uniformity of blended tobacco material obtained through leaf-based selection was obviously better than that through bundle-based selection. 2) Different control modes showed different control results. The color control mode extremely significantly promoted color uniformity of redried tobacco strips. 3) When the blended tobacco material was not uniform, color or spectrum control modes that covered multi-dimensional homogenization information was preferable; otherwise nicotine control mode would offer more desirable result. This study provides a support for promoting the homogenized processing level of threshing and redrying. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The structure regulation and function optimizations of forest-ecosystems are fundamental and significant topics on ecology & management of forests. However, due to the limitations in theories and technologies to describe the three-dimensional forest structure for complex terrain and to precisely evaluate the structure-associated functions, these topics have been challenged by the complications in canopy structure and the urgencies in various societal demands towards forest ecosystem services. To face against the challenge, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) funded the "Multi-tower Platform for Monitoring the Structure and Function of Temperate Secondary Forest Ecosystems" (Qingyuan Ker Towers) as a corner-stone research infrastructure project for the field station network. Ker Towers were completed in 2019 by Qingyuan Forest CERN (Chinese Ecosystem Research Network) inside a distinctively-bounded and monitored-outlet watershed. The three towers, hydrology station networks, and forest plot arrays uniquely formed the Ker Towers research facilities as a synthesized platform. This platform was integrated with the light detection and ranging scanners for acquisition of holographic information on forest canopy structure, the advanced eddy covariance flux systems for the measurements of CO2/H2O, trace gases, and energy fluxes between the watershed forest systems and the atmosphere, and the hydrology station networks for observations of ground/underground water flows. All real-time data from the platform are streamed into a live data center. The platform including remote sensing technology, eddy covariance, biometry (or inventory), forest informatics and collaborative and interdisciplinary team prominently builds up multiple approaches and essential elements at different scales to fulfill comprehensive projects in response to national needs and international concerns as well. The Ker Towers team mainly focuses on the four tasks: (1) explore forest ecological principles for a new vision of holographic information in describing forest three-dimensional structure; (2) innovate theories and techniques to measure the fluxes of CO2/H2O/NOx and the other trace gases over complex forest terrains; (3) understand the response of carbon and nitrogen cycles in forest ecosystems to global change; and (4) demonstrate the hydrologic processes in forest ecosystems and its regulating mechanism. The four above tasks aim to provide fundamental data and theoretical support to to optimize and sustain forest functions through forest structure management. The ultimate objective of the platform is to deliver solutions for regional and national forests to offer broad and sustainable benefits to human society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To improve the distribution of SnO2 in silver matrix, the nano-sized SnO2 powder was prepared by hydrothermal method. The nano Ag/SnO2 electrical contact material was prepared by chemical deposition process. The physical properties and arc erosion resistance of the nano Ag/ SnO2 electrical contact material were tested. The microstructure and phase structure of the nano Ag/SnO2 electrical contact material were characterized by TEM, SEM and XRD. The results show that the microstructure of the nano Ag/SnO2 electrical contact material prepared by chemical deposition process is evenly distributed, and there is no single element segregation. The hard¬ness, density and conductivity of the nano Ag/SnO2 electrical contact material are 148.9, 9.43 g/ cm³, 39.5% I ACS, respectively. After arc erosion test, the surface composition of the nano Ag/ SnO2 electrical contact materials is evenly distributed, without Ag enrichment area and SnO2 enrichment area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The removal performance of Cd2+ from water samples was studied by a novel macromolecule flocculant O-xanthogenated-N-Benzyl chitosan (RXCTS), which was prepared with chitosan, benzaldehyde, carbon disulfide, sodium hydroxide and sodium borohydride. The orthogonal experiment was used to determine the optimum flocculation conditions for the treatment of cadmium-containing water samples with RXCTS, and the influence of pH, Cd2+ initial concentration, organic coordination agents (EDTA and sodium citrate), and turbidity on the cadmium removal performance with RXCTS was also investigated. The results showed that the optimal hydraulic conditions for flocculation were the time for rapid stirring for 1.5 min at speed of 140 r/min, and the time for slow stirring 15 min with 50 r/min. Under acidic conditions, the higher the pH value was, the better the removal of Cd2+ was. The removal rate of Cd2+ increased with the increase of Cd2+ initial concentration. The presence of EDTA would inhibit the removal of Cd2+ by RXCTS, while sodium citrate could promote the removal of Cd2+ at a higher dose of RXCTS. When turbidity existed in the water samples, Cd2+ removal could be effectively promoted. IR spectra showed that the removal mechanism of Cd2+ by RXCTS mainly depended on the chelating action of --OCSS- and the coordination action of --NH-- with Cd2+. The flocs of RXCTS-Cd was unstable in strong acid environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Fe-based Prussian blue cathode material was synthesized by simple co-precipitation method, and the effects of synthesis temperature on the microstructure and sodium storage properties of the materials were investigated. The results show that the product particle size became larger and the sodium content increased with the increase of synthesis temperature. When FeHCF-40 °C was used as cathode in sodium ion batteries, it delivered a high specific capacity of 134.5 mAh/g (30 mA/g). The FeHCF-40 °C also exhibited excellent cycling stability and good rate property, with a specific capacity of 80.3 mAh/g at a current density of 1 500 mA/g. After 100 cycles, the capacity retention of the FeHCF-40 °C cathode could still reach 77.4% at 30 mA/g. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Effects of carbonization treatment on flame retardance and somke suppression of reconstituted bamboo were investigated by cone calorimeter, oxygen index meter and smoke density meter. Results show that: carbonization treatment could decrease heat release rate (HRR) and mass loss rate (MLR) of reconstituted bam- boo, decrease total heat release (THR), increase oxygen index (L()l), and delay time to ignition (TT1). the peak of HRR (pkHRR) decreased by 36.6%, the time of reaching pkHRR was delayed by 450 s, TT1 increased by 5 times, L()l increased by 49.3 %, the peak of mass loss rate (pkMLR) decreased by 21.8%, and the time of reaching pkMLR was delayed by 505 s; carbonization treatment significantly decreased smoke produce rate (SPR), total smoke rate (TSR), smoke density rate (SDR), carbon monoxide release rate (COP) and carbon dioxide release rate(CO2P) of the reconstituted bamboo. SDR of reconstituted bamboo decreased by 35.9%, time of reaching the maximum COP and CO2P was delayed by about 600 s. Carbonization treatment had obvious effects on flame retardant and smoke suppression reconstituted bamboo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In view of the problem of three-phase voltage unbalance, the double second-order generalized integrator frequency-locked loop (DSOGI-FLL) was designed. It used DSOGI-FLL angular frequency feedback instead of the second order generalized integrator phase-locked loop (DSOGI-PLL) frequency feedback, and realized the adaptive control of the input voltage frequency. Four conditions including asymmetric voltage drop, harmonic pollution, phase mutations, frequency mutations were simulated in Matlab/Simulink platform, and its performance was compared with DSOGI-PLL. The results showed that DSOGI-FLL had the better characteristics in tracking phase and frequency in all kinds of cases; especially so when the phase variation and frequency variation happened. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To solve the problems of high computation complexity of the physical simulation and poor results in the explosion simulation for missile target encounter, this paper put forward a real-time explosion simulate model which based on OGRE particle system. The real-time explosion visualization model was established by particle scripts using Cg programming and custom texture texturing and custom shader and emitter. Experiments show that the method is of good simulation results and achieves the real time performance of the system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A drought-resistant soybean cultivar Jinda 70 and a drought-sensitive soybean cultivar Jindou 26 were taken as test materials. At the grain filling stage, the cultivars were subject to three water treatments including sufficient water supply, light drought stress, and severe drought stress by using pot experiments for research on influence of drought on leaf photosynthetic capacity and root growth of soybeans. The results showed that as the degree of drought stress was aggravated, all of the indices including leaf area, chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rates (Pn), stomatal conductance (gs), transpiration rate (Tr), intercellular CO2 concentration ( Ci), plant mass, plant height, seed yield, and harvest index in the two cultivars declined. The root length and root mass increased under light drought stress, and decreased under severe drought stress. Root-shoot ratio ascended as the degree of drought stress was aggravated. Under severe drought stress, the increase of root-shoot ratio of the drought-resistant soybean cultivar Jinda 70 was up to 135.7%, which was higher than the that ( 116.7%) of the drought-sensitive soybean cultivar Jindou 26. Simultaneously, leaf area and chlorophyll content in Jinda 70 were respectively 69.3% and 85.5% of those in the control, which were better than those of Jindou 26. gs and Pn of Jinda 70 respectively declined 67.9% and 77.9%, but still lower than those of Jindou 26. Therefore, the decline range of harvest index of Jinda 70 was 43.8%, which was lower than the range of 78.8% of Jindou 26. The Biplot revealed that under different dry treatments, there were significant positive correlations among the six indexes including leaf area, chlorophyll content, Pn, gs, Ti, and Ci of the two cultivars. There were also significant positive correlations among the six indices including plant mass, plant height, root length, root mass, seed yield, and harvest index. Root-shoot ratio only had significant positive correlation with root mass and had significant negative correlations with other five indices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective]The effect of compound Asparagus cochinchinensis polysaccharide (ACP) injection on immunity of porcine pseudorabies virus (PRV) vaccine was investigated in order to provide theoretical basis for prevention and control of PRV. [Method]In order to investigate the effects of compound ACP injection on PRV antibody level and serum cytokines, thirty uninfected three-breed crossbred pigs were selected and divided randomly into six groups with five pigs each. Out of six groups, pigs in group I—III were treated with PRV vaccine & compound ACP injection (low-dose , moderate-dose and high-dose %, respectively; pigs in group IV were treated with PRV vaccine & Wenduqing drug control, pigs in group V were treated with vaccine, and pigs in group VI were the blank control without any treatment. [Result]The antibody level of pig serum in high-dose ACP group II was stable relatively, and its average antibody blocking rate maintained basically at around 50%. On the 28th day of treating, the serum IL-2 level of pig serum in group II decreased to 108.75 ±34.15 pg/mL, and it maintained at above 90.00 pg/mL and without obvious fluctuation during the process of test. The total protein and albumin level of pigs in group II were relatively lower before injection, which were 56.22±7.04 and 28.11 ±3.52 g/L, respectively. On the 28th day of treatment, the total protein and albumin of group II were the highest and significantly higher than those of group V and group VI (P<0.05 %, which were 80.50±2.43 and 40.25 ±1.21 g/L, respectively. The serum lysozyme of pigs in group II and M showed small fluctuation and maintained at above 50.00 μg/mL. The differences of XOD activity and NO level were found not significant among different treated groups (P> 0.05%. [Conclusion] Compound ACP injection could enhance the immunity of pig PRV vaccine, its clinical recommended usage and dosage were as follows: combining with PRV vaccine, intramuscular injection of 0.125 mL/kg dosage once a day for 3 days continuously. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Larch is the main timber species of forest plantations in North China. Imbalance in nutrient cycling in soil emerged due to single species composition and mono system structure of plantation. Thus it is necessary to grasp its biomass and nutrients allocation for scientific management and nutrient cycling studies of larch plantation. We measured aboveground biomass (stem, branch, bark and leaf) and nutrient concentrations (C, N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn), and analyzed the patterns of accumulation and distribution of 19-year-old larch plantation with diameter at breast height of 12.8 cm, tree height of 15.3 m, and density of 2308 trees∙hm-2, in a montane region of eastern Liaoning Province, China. The results showed that aboveground biomass values were 70.26 kg and 162.16 t∙hm-2 for the individual tree of larch and the stand, respectively. There was a significant difference between biomass of the organs, and decreased in the order of stem > branch > bark > leaf. Nutrient accumulation was 749.94 g and 1730.86 kg∙hm-2 for the individual tree of larch and the stand, respectively. Nutrient accumulation of stem was significantly higher than that of branch, bark and leaf, whether it was macro-nutrient or micro-nutrient. Averagely, 749.94 g nutrient elements would be removed from the system when a 19-year-old larch tree was harvested. If only the stem part was removed from the system, the removal of nutrient elements could be reduced by 40. 7%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To study the expression characteristics of HOTAIR and HOTTIP and their downstream HOXD10 and HOXA13 genes in lung cancer, as well as the relationship of mutual regulation. Methods We selected 47 patients with lung cancer and collected their cancer tissue and adjacent normal tissue, then used TRIzol to extract total RNA and real-time quantitative PCR to detect relative gene expression levels. Results HOTAIR and HOXA13 relative expression levels in cancer tissues were significantly lower than in adjacent normal tissues (4.12 ± 4.58) vs (7.43 ± 4.20 P < 0.01, (8.64 ± 1.21) vs (9.43 ± 1.58 P < 0.01), and the other three genes expressions were not significantly changed. HOXD10 mRNA expression levels in the cancer tissue of individuals with lymph node were significantly higher than patients without lymph node (9.01 ± 1.22) vs (7.81 ± 2.15, P = 0.02). There were positive correlation relationships between the expressions of HOTTIP and its downstream gene HOXA13 mRNA in cancer tissue (r = 0.78 P < 0.01) and adjacent normal tissue (r = 0.70 P < 0.01); the HOTAIR and its downstream HOXD10 gene mRNA in adjacent normal tissue were positively related (r = 0.37, P = 0.01), but not correlated in cancer tissues (r = 0.12 P= 0.47). Conclusions The regulation between HOTTIP and HOXA13 is normal in lung cancer. The expression of HOTAIR decreases in cancer tissues, and HOTAIR may lose the normal regulation of downstream genes of HOXD10. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To evaluate the effect of the different opportunity for antibiotic prophylaxis in ureterscopic Holmium Laser Lithotripsy in the treatment of ureteral calculus. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the data of 178 patients treated with ureteroscopic holmium: YAG laser lithotripsy from January 2008 to January 2013 at the Department of Urology in Anqing municipal Hospital, including A group (81 cases preventative application of antibiotics before operation inside 30 minutes) and B group (97 cases preventative application of antibiotics before operation beyond 30 minutes). We analyzed the variables such as patients infection, surgery time, and infection rate. Results The postoperation urinary infection rate in group A was 16.05%, while it was 6.19% in group B. The statistically significant difference was identified between the two groups in terms of the infection rate (P < 0.05). Conclusion The earlier antibiotic prophylaxis of ureteral calculi with the ureteroscopic holmium laser lithotripsy will decrease the urinary infection rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate in situ visualization using near-infrared quantum dots (QDs) conjugated with arginineglycine- aspartic acid (RGD) peptide fluorescent probes in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Methods QDs with emission wavelength of 800 nm (QD800) were conjugated with RGD peptides to produce QD800-RGD fluorescent probes. Human OSCC cell line BcaCD885 was inoculated in nude mice cheeks to establish OSCC mouse models. Frozen BcaCD885 tumor slices were immunofluorescence double stained by using QD800-RGD and CD 105 monoclonal antibody and were observed using a laser scanning confocal microscope. QD800-RGD was injected into the OSCC models through the tail veins, and the in situ visualization was analyzed at different time points. The mice were sacrificed 12 h after injection to isolate tumors for the ex vivo analysis of probe localization in the tumors. Results QD800-RGD specifically targeted the integrin αvpβ3 expressed in the endothelial cells of tumor angiogenic vessels in vitro and in vivo, producing clear tumor fluorescence images after intravenous injection. The most complete tumor images with maximal signal-to-noise ratios were observed 0.5 h to 6 h after injection of the probe and significantly reduced 9 h after the injection. However, the tumor image was still clearly visible at 12 h. Conclusion Using intravenously injected QD800-RGD generates high quality OSCC images when integrin αvpβ, which is expressed in the endothelial cells of tumor angiogenic vessels, is used as the target. The technique offers great potential in the diagnosis and individual treatment of OSCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the generalized-gradient theory, this study maintains that the regional unbalance development in China is not limited to economy and technology, but various aspects such as natural elements, social elements, human resources, ecological and environmental quality, and regulations and systems. Therefore, in the process of regional industry economy development, industry eco-efficiency should present gradient development. This study used CCR and BCC model to calculate the industry eco-efficiency for different regions in China. Results show that significant gradient developments exist in the industry eco-efficiency of different regions. This conformed to the analysis conclusion based on the generalized-gradient theory. For national policy management, this paper analyzed the negative impacts of gradient difference of regional industry eco-efficiency on industry economy development, energy conservation, and environmental protection, and put forward macro anti-gradient development strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China's exploding population of internet users and their intensifying participation in public discussions on socio-economic, political and cultural events have made China acquire a salient feature of having political debates through the internet and making policies enforced by the netizens' opinions. However, the examination of a couple of dozen public incidents disseminated through internet can reveal that even in the field concerning social justice, the internet public opinion is not confined to discussing, supervising and assessing the policy agenda set by the government. On the contrary, with the help of the netizens' group action and the influence of the press, the internet public opinion can also set the policy agenda through interacting with the government, thus influencing its policymaking. Therefore, it is of great significance to precisely describe and generalize the model of how Chinese public interact with the governments in setting policy agenda and pinpoint the most critical determinants in this process, for this will enable the Chinese government's policymaking to be more scientific, democratic and effective and help maintain the social stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When artificial fish swarm algorithm is close to the optimal point during its optimization process, the convergence rate declines so that it is difficult to get exact solutions. Besides, the algorithm is easy to fall into local minima in complex issues. Aiming at the aforementioned disadvantages, a hybrid algorithm is proposed, which combines the compound chaotic search technology and the improved artificial fish swarm algorithm. It adopts the mapping combination with more ergodicity to generate the local search method. The method can avoid that artificial fish are into local extremum area for a long time, so that it reaches the global extreme points more precisely. Meanwhile, the artificial fish swarm algorithm is improved by introducing feedback-swallowed behavior of artificial fish. The improved algorithm reduces optimization complexity at late stage, improves accuracy and guarantees convergence efficiency. Experimental results show that, under the same parameter conditions, the proposed hybrid algorithm outperforms the basic artificial fish swarm algorithm in convergence rate, optimization accuracy and global optimization ability. Experiments demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To compare the differences of the efficacy and adverse reaction of Oxaliplatin (L-OHP) treatment to oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) at four different daily time points, and to analyze the characteristics of circadian rhythms. Methods Seventy-five nude mice were placed under 12h light and 12h dark cycles. Human OSCC cell line BcaCD885 was inoculated on the cheek of nude mice to establish a nude mice model of OSCC. After 3 weeks, mice were divided into 5 groups(4 experimental groups and 1 control group), with 15 in each group. L-OHP(17 mg•kg-1) was injected intravenously at 4 different time points during a period of 24 h, including 4 hours after lights on (HALO), 10 HALO, 16 HALO and 22 HALO for 4 experimental groups. The control group received normal saline of the same volume as that of L-OHP. The efficacy (tumor inhibition rate and survival time) and adverse reaction (body weight, white blood cell and perianal swelling) were observed after administration. The circadian rhythms of the efficacy and adverse reaction were examined by cosine analysis. Results L-OHP injected at 4, 16 and 22 HALO had great tumor inhibition rates, however, only 16 and 22 HALO groups significantly prolonged survival time of mice. The adverse reactions at 4 and 10 HALO were significantly severer than that of 16 and 22 HALO. Cosine analysis showed survival time, body weight and white blood cell counts had significant circadian rhythms. Mice received L-OHP at 14.88 HALO had the longest survival time. Conclusion The time factor should be considered in L-OHP chronchemotherapy of patients with OSCC in order to increase the efficacy, decrease the adverse reaction of the drug and to improve the life quality of patients with OSCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three light intensities (100%, 56.2%, and 12.5%) were installed to simulate the light regimes of opening field (cutting blank), forest gap, and understory, respectively, aimed to understand the effects of different light regimes on the seedling growth, photosynthetic characteristics, and biomass accumulation and allocation of alien species Alnus formosana and native species A. cremastogyne. Low light regime limited the seedling growth of the two alder species, while the light regime of forest gap was more favorable for the growth, in comparison with that of the opening field. Regardless of the light regimes, A. formosana seedlings had higher specific leaf area (SLA), relative growth rate (RGR), leaf area, leaf length, leaf width, plant height, and basal diameter, but smaller leaf number, leaf area ratio (LAR), and petiole length. Under low light regime, A. formosana seedlings had higher maximum net photosynthetic rate (Pnmax), light saturation point (LSP), and apparent quantum yield (AQY), but smaller light compensation point (LCP) and dark respiration rate (Rday). With the decrease of light intensity, A. formosana seedlings had much higher root mass ratio (RMR) and much lower leaf mass ratio (LMR), implying that more carbon was allocated and stored to the roots rather than new leaves, whereas the A. cremastogyne seedlings were in adverse, i. e., more carbon was allocated to the above-ground parts, which might increase the risk of animal feeding and mechanical damage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]