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Aiming at the problems of insufficient model input information and poor reasoning performance in knowledge-based visual question answering (VQA), this paper constructs a PTCR knowledge-based VQA framework based on large language model (LLM), which consists of four parts: answer candidate generation, targeted image descriptions, autonomous chain of thought (CoT) construction, and prompted LLM inference. The PTCR framework uses LLM to guide multimodal large language models to generate targeted image descriptions, which solves the problem of incomplete coverage of previous image captions. It improves the model??s reasoning ability by guiding LLM to autonomously generate CoT, which provides the thinking process of similar problems during the reasoning process; and it introduces selection rearrangement technology to eliminate LLM??s selection location discrimination during the reasoning process, and reduces the randomness error of the reasoning by means of majority voting. Experimental results show that the accuracy of the CogVLM model enhanced by the PTCR framework is improved by 16.7 percentage points and 13.3 percentage points on the OK-VQA and A-OKVQA datasets. Meanwhile, compared with Prophet, the accuracy of the PTCR framework is improved by 3.4 percentage points and 5.0 percentage points on the OK-VQA and A-OKVQA datasets. The results of ablation experiments demonstrate that the methods used in this paper, such as targeted image descriptions and autonomous chains of thought, are all effective in improving accuracy. It is evident that the PTCR framework has improved the performance of knowledge-based VQA.

The mechanism of contra-rotating propeller's aerodynamic noise is very complicated，and propeller-driven aircraft is not equipped passive noise reduction components such as nacelle liner to absorb noise during sound transmission，the noise generated by propeller will straightforward radiated to the fuselage and surrounding. Therefore，reducing the intensity of propeller noise is the key to the development of low-noise propeller aircraft. In this paper，a "soft blade" module is formed by placing a "small hole and through channel" structure on the suction front edge of spiral blade tip to balance the peak pressure at the leading edge of blade and reduce the load noise. According to the optimal parameters，the conventional propeller and the soft-blade propeller are manufactured，and the radiation noise measurement is carried out on the basis of the counter-rotating propeller aerodynamic noise test system. The results show that the counter-rotating propeller with perforated structure can effectively reduce the noise as well as ensuring the aerodynamic performance. At the 90° pointing angle，which has the most significant effect on the aircraft cabin，the noise reduction at the second-order passing frequency reaches 5 dB.

Justice is an ancient concept that originated from commodity exchange and has been continuously critiqued and discussed in philosophy, ethics, and law to identify potential pathways for societies and institutions. Since the 1960s, justice research led by sociologists and political scientists has identified spatial injustices, attributing them to inherent flaws in economic systems, social order, and legal frameworks. Subsequently, the emphasis on spatial aspects, proposed by Henri Lefebvre's "right to the city" and the spatiality of social justice explored by Marxist geographers, inspired scholars such as Pirie, Soja, and Iveson. These scholars have continuously refined the theoretical framework of spatial justice, prioritizing real-world spatial practices. The essence of spatial justice can be understood through a series of dichotomies: it is both a theoretical critique and a practical methodology, passively influenced by social systems yet spatially proactive, static yet dynamic, and both process and outcome. The essential questions are "seeing spatial justice" and "seeking spatial justice", which involve "describing the justice level of social spatial outcomes" and "exploring the spatial causes and formation processes of injustice." Additionally, the two main research directions are "territorial distribution justice" and "local discrimination." Spatial justice does not imply absolute equality in distribution processes or outcomes; rather, it recognizes differences in human needs that lead to unequal distributions. The principles of spatial justice include both equality and differentiation. Scholars generally agree that the principle of equality should meet basic needs, such as transportation infrastructure, primary education, and healthcare services, which ensure minimum living standards. Based on differentiated needs—determined by factors such as region, identity, environment, contributions, and merits—non-essential material goods, social resources, and environmental assets can be allocated unequally. However, the concept of human needs is inherently subjective and is closely related to age, education, perception, and experience. Evaluating the reasonableness of these needs is complex and challenging. Assessing spatial justice from the perspective of human needs requires addressing two key issues: defining the scope of basic and non-basic needs and establishing assessment standards or indices for multidimensional needs. Although researchers such as Davies and Daniels have long argued that distribution should consider actual social needs rather than just population size, current empirical analyses, such as accessibility and availability studies, remain limited to measuring the ratio of resources to population size. Few studies have explored the characteristics and variances in needs related to residents, service levels, quality, and pricing, remaining distant from real, multidimensional, and differentiated human needs. By summarizing existing theories and methods, this study proposes three areas for future research: (1) research on territorial distribution justice should explore actual demand content beyond population size and establish relevant evaluation indicators; (2) urban spatial practices should adopt justice standards from a human-centric perspective to mitigate unjust socio-spatial outcomes; and (3) the forms and methods of achieving justice should be explored at a global regional scale.

To obtain healthy, low-sodium cured pork with good flavor, the processing optimization of the liquid smoke and baking was carried out through single factor experiment and orthogonal experiment in the present study. The effect of different amounts of smoking liquid, liquid smoking time, baking time and baking temperature on the yield, water activity, pH and color of low-sodium cured pork was investigated. Results showed that, the order affecting sensory quality of low-sodium cured pork was as follows: Baking temperature>baking time>smoking liquid amount>liquid smoking time. The optimized technological conditions of smoking and baking were as follows: The amount of smoking liquid was 4%, the time of liquid smoking was 150 min, the baking time was 28 h, the baking temperature was 50 ℃, and the sensory score of low-sodium cured pork under this processing technology was 37 points. The electronic tongue test was conducted to compare the taste of low-sodium cured pork with that of commercial cured pork. Results showed that the saltiness of low-sodium cured pork was significantly lower than that of commercial cured pork, and the bitterness and astringency were not significantly different from those of commercial cured pork.

The Beishan area in Gansu province is the main pre-selected site for deep geological disposal of high-level radioactive waste, it therefore bears implications for the study of fracture seepage characteristics of granite caused by shear failure. This paper investigated the fractal modeling of the geometric and seepage characteristics of granite fracture sections under shear conditions, with the aim to explore the effect of the geometric characteristics of multi-scale rough fractures on the evolution of nonlinear seepage field in Beishan granite. Results show that the roughness height and aperture of rough fractures have complete self-similarity in the process of model scale change, whose distribution are always consistent in the process of spatial scale change. The seepage velocity field, gradient field and divergence field only demonstrate the continuation of local characteristics, in particular, the corresponding quantity fields at different scales are subject to normal distribution. As the observation scale increases, the spatial fluctuation in the field gradually decreases, the sharp mutations in the three fields gradually disappear and are smoothed. This indicates that the larger the observation scale, the greater the probability that the seepage of rough fracture is misjudged as the seepage of parallel plate, therefore the seepage characteristics of rough section would be more accurately described by taking the geometric scale into account.

The rapid development of key technologies for the intelligent research and development (R&D) of new materials has significantly promoted the R&D efficiency and industrialization of materials and attracted global attention. China’s development in this field lags behind the advanced international level in terms of key technologies and infrastructures, which has restricted the original innovation and industrial development of the material sector. This study summarizes the key technologies involving the intelligent R&D of new materials, explores the developing status of these key technologies in China and abroad, and analyzes the challenges faced by China. Moreover, the intelligent R&D technology system is summarized including intelligent computing and design technologies and software, autonomous/intelligent experiment technologies and equipment, artificial-intelligence-driven basic algorithms and technologies, digital twins, intelligent R&D platforms and collaborative innovation networks. Furthermore,countermeasures are proposed from the aspects of innovative ecology construction, industrial environment improvement, standards system establishment, talent training, and international cooperation.

BackgroundAt present, a large number of reports focus on the bones of limbs and trunk, while there are few studies on the effect of fluorosis on jawbone which is the inevitable structural basis for the development and treatment of oral diseases. ObjectiveTo preliminarily investigate the effect of fluoride exposure on the mechanical properties of jawbone by observing the changes in the intraosseous environment and the maximum load against shearing force (LSFmax) of the jawbone in rats with chronic fluoride treatment. MethodsScreening experiment: 48 SD male rats were randomly divided into a control group and three fluoride exposure groups (50, 150, and 250 mg·L−1 fluoride concentration), 12 rats in each group. The fluoride exposure groups were molded by feeding different concentrations of sodium fluoride solution, and the control group drank tap water from Guizhou area. Each group was further divided into 4 subgroups with 3 animals each according to observation time points after 0, 2, 4, and 6 months. The LSFmax of the jawbone was measured with an electronic universal ergometer, the expression of type I collagen (Col1) was shown by Sirius red staining, and the expression of runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) was determined semi-quantitatively by immunohistochemistry at selected time points. Formal experiment: 12 male SD rats were randomly divided into a fluoride exposure group and a control group. The fluoride exposure group were fed with 150 mg·L−1 sodium fluoride solution, and the control group drank tap water from Guizhou. After feeding with fluoride for 5 months, the ergometer was used to measure the LSFmax of the jawbone. Osteoclasts were counted after tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining. Col1, Runx2, bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and cathepsin K (Cath K) were detected semi-quantitatively by immunohistochemistry expression and Sirius red staining. Micro computed tomography (Micro CT) was used to observe the trabecular bone microstructure. ResultsScreening experiment: The LSFmax of the control group and the 50 mg·L−1 fluoride exposure group reached the peak value at the 2nd month, and the LSFmax of the 50 mg·L−1 fluoride exposure group reached the valley value at the 4th month. The LSFmax of the 150 mg·L−1 fluoride exposure group at the 4th month was higher than that at the 6th month (P

ObjectiveTo analyze the effectiveness and safety of clinical use of different types of stem cells to provide evidence for governmental supervision of key issues in clinical utilization of stem cells.MethodsSix literature databases in China and abroad were searched for relevant literature published from January 2010 to July 2020， and a systematic review was conducted.ResultsThe study showed 72 studies concerning the effectiveness and safety of different types of stem cells in clinical utilization. Although clinical utilization of stem cells had some therapeutic effects for certain diseases， their long-term effect and safety need to be further evaluated， especially their potential risk of tumorigenicity.ConclusionTo protect the patients’ interest， physicians should fully weigh the benefits against the risks of clinical utilization of stem cells， and relevant governmental departments should strengthen supervision of ethics of clinical research and therapies involving stem cells as well as supervision of stem cell products.

Fatigue cracking of the flexspline is an important cause of the decrease in accuracy and equipment reliability of the harmonic reducer. A model of harmonic reducer is taken as the research object, and an equivalent model of the flexspline is established based on the theory of shell moment to determine the parameters of stress concentration in the flexspline. Through finite element simulation, the location of the maximum stress node of the flexspline is obtained, and tiny angular cracks are introduced. By analyzing the crack tip stress field parameters, the ability and trend of the flexspline crack expansion are described. Based on the maximum principal stress damage evolution criterion, the differential behavior of crack expansion is simulated by the extended finite element method (XFEM), and an accelerated life experiment bench is built to verify the correctness of the extended finite element model. The results show that the crack expansion path matches with the finite element results; the stress concentration at the root of the flexspline teeth and the junction of the barrel and flange is prone to fatigue cracking most; the crack expansion path is affected by the incremental step and stress distribution； the stress distribution varies with the degree of crack expansion, causing a bias in the expansion path.

In the paper， national and international ethical requirements and supervision on stem cell research and clinical application were analyzed after literature review. It is suggested that the development of stem cell technology should be timely tracked， prospective ethical research related to stem cells should be enhanced， and that stem cell research and clinical translation should comply with relevant international ethical guidelines and national regulations in China. In addition， it is indicated that the oversight of stem cell products and their clinical use will be continuously improved in our country.

Formal concept analysis is a data analysis method based on concept lattice, while decision implication and variable decision implication are two decision knowledge representations of formal concept analysis. Both decision implication and variable decision implication have complete inference rules for knowledge reasoning. In order to further clarify the differences between variable decision implication and decision implication, this paper first eliminates uncertainty from variable decision implication and introduces restricted variable decision impli-cation. Then, based on the related research on variable decision implication, this paper presents semantic and syntactic characteristics of restricted variable decision implication. On this basis, a complete set of inference rules is obtained for restricted variable decision implication, and decision implication and restricted variable decision implication are compared from the syntactic perspective. Besides, this paper further discusses the differences between the two decision types in knowledge representation and reasoning from the semantic perspective, and summarizes the characteristics of restricted variable decision implication relative to decision implication from the semantic and syntactic perspectives. These conclusions provide new ideas for comparative research of different decision types such as decision implication, variable decision implication, and fuzzy decision implication, as well as a new perspective for introducing more efficient and concise inference rules.

Based on the fracture mechanics theory of the isotropic Hoek-Brown strength criterion, this paper established the initiation conditions of the bifurcated microcrack along bedding which begins with the meso-fracture mechanism of laminated rocks. Then the author substituted the critical angle which indicates that the initial crack most likely causes the fracture of the rock into above established conditions and derived the anisotropy expression of the parameter m1 for the weak plane of bedding leading to the crack deflection. Through introducing the correction coefficient for the mixed fracture of the rock along the bedding and the matrix, this paper obtained the anisotropic modified model of Hoek-Brown strength criterion. Compared with the established anisotropic Hoek-Brown model and shale triaxial test results, the validity of the model was proved. The modified model inherits the fracture mechanics analysis of the isotropic Hoek-Brown strength criterion for the selection of rock failure characteristic quantity, and reflects the microscopic failure mechanism of the rock, also considers the effect of bedding anisotropy. The parameters in the modified criterion have a clear physical meaning. The parameter m in the model is related to the angle of the bedding plane, the tensile strength, compressive strength and friction coefficient of bedding and matrix. The change in the friction coefficient of the bedding plane will cause the position of the minimum value of m and the rock strength characteristics changed.

【Objective】 Infiltrometer is a device to measure water infiltration into soil and soil hydraulic conductivity. Its performance depends on many factors. This paper aims to study the effect of the negative pressure in it on water infiltration in crusted soil. 【Method】 The crusts on the soil surface were created by artificial rainfalls on a loess slope; water infiltration into the soil was measured using a mini disc infiltrometer with the negative pressure in it varying from 1 to 5cm. We also measured saturated hydraulic conductivity of the soil using the constant-head method and then used it as a benchmark to test the results measured from the infiltrometer. Water flow under both methods was described by the Wooding and Philip model. 【Result】 The hydraulic conductivity measured using the constant head was more accurate and repeatable. The saturated hydraulic conductivity of the crust and soil matrix was 74.00 cm/d and 12.00 cm/d respectively. The indexes of cumulative water infiltration, steady infiltration rate, infiltration rate and hydraulic conductivity of the crust and soil matrix measured by the infiltrometer decreased with the increase in the negative pressure. Using the saturated hydraulic conductivity measured from the infiltrometer, the Philip model reproduced the infiltration process more accurately, despite the effect of the negative pressure. Fitting the results to the van Genuchten formula revealed that the parameters α and n were 0.039 cm and 2.72 respectively for the crusts, and 0.024 cm and 2.83 respectively for the soil matrix. 【Conclusion】 Negative pressure in the infiltrometer affects saturated hydraulic conductivity calculated using the measured data from crusted soil, and should be considered in data analysis.

【Objective】 Potential evapotranspiration (ET) is an important parameter for irrigation management and can be calculated by different methods. In this paper we evaluate different methods for estimating ET in Xinjiang province of China. 【Method】 The analysis was based on meteorological data measured from 1970 to 2015 from 16 whether stations across the province. The value of ET was calculated by the following models: comprehensive method, radiation method, mass transfer method and temperature method. The technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) was used to rank applicability and suitability of these models for different regions based on their accuracy and sensitivity. 【Result】 On average across Xinjiang, ET calculated by the radiation method was closer to the standard value than by other models. Among all models we compared, the Makkink model was more applicable, giving most accurate result across the province, with its correlation coefficient with the standard value for all 16 weather station being more than 0.95, the associated NSE close to 1 and average root mean square errors over the 16 stations being 25.28 mm/month. 【Conclusion】 In southern Xinjiang, the Makkink model and the Penman-Monteith model are most accurate, followed by Priestley-Taylor (P-T), Hargreaves (Harg) and temperature method. In northern Xinjiang, the radiation method worked better, followed by the Penman and the Penman-Monteith models.

Plasma protein products, essential drugs for various clinical diseases, are therapeutic biological products extracted from healthy human plasma. The research and development of new plasma protein products, led by United States and European, has been widely deepened and enhanced. Therefore, accelerating the development of new plasma protein products in China is of great significance. This review summarizes the research and development of plasma protein products that have been marketed abroad but have not produced in China, as well as analyzes the difficulties and prospects of the development of plasma protein products in China.

Since the 1990s, with the region becoming an important space for governance, people have become more and more aware of the importance and urgency of environmental coordination and promoting sustainable development on the regional scale. Different from the traditional environmental governance model, which regards administrative divisions as boundaries, regional environmental governance actively responds to regional environmental changes across administrative divisions, adapts to the new requirements of regional sustainable development, and effectively complements environmental governance on local, national and global scales. Therefore, a growing attention has been paid on the regional environmental governance research in the West. Since the 40 years of reform and opening-up, the economy and society have developed rapidly in China, especially in the eastern region, which puts forward higher requirements for regional environment and its governance. However, domestic geography research pays insufficient attention to regional environmental governance. This article systematically combs the research progress and frontier issues of western regional environmental governance, in order to promote the research of regional environmental governance in China and provide a conceptual framework for the research of environmental governance in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area. Firstly, it analyzes the concept, importance and challenges of regional environmental governance, explains what regional environmental governance is, and focuses on the complementary relationship between regional environmental governance and local, national and global environmental governance. Then it analyzes the development progress of regional environmental governance theory, and expounds the regional environmental governance model and impact effect. Based on the above research progress, it is considered that the research on environmental governance in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area should focus on the following four aspects: (1) The organizational framework under the "one country, two systems" policy with Chinese characteristics that leads the formulation and implementation of regional environmental policies and coordinates different stakeholders; (2) The geographical factors for intergovernmental cooperative environmental governance and jointly implementation of environmental strategies in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Great Bay Area led by the government under the background of urbanization and globalization, which are different from western countries under the influence of strong non-governmental organizations; (3) The potential impact of the implementation of regional environmental governance on China's current economic transformation and development and spatial reconstruction;. (4) The institutional arrangements that are conducive to the balanced development of economic development and environmental protection and can promote regional sustainable development. The research on regional environmental governance will help to expand the research on domestic regional environmental governance, and has important practical significance for understanding the contradiction between economic development and environmental protection and exploring sustainable development policies since the in-depth development of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area and even China.

The quantitative characterization of connectivity of pore geometry and its reconstruction of topological connectivity are two important methods to describe the laws of fluid seepage in porous media.However, the lag of theoretical work severely restricts the emergence of new geometric modeling methods.The tortuosity is one of the key carriers connecting permeability and geometric structure, and its theoretical model has not been broken through.First, combining the Hagen-Poiseuille equation and Darcy formulas, the universal expression of the tortuosity for capillary model and the pore model composed by the particles are derived.Then for the low permeability medium, combined with the formula of capillary pressure, the tortuosity expression correlated to the saturation is obtained.Furthermore, the fractal dimension of tortuosity is introduced to explain the new term of fractal coefficient based on experimental analysis.Considering the bifurcated capillary channel, a bifurcation model was established to analyze the tortuosity characteristics and the geometric relationship between the mother and sub-holes based on the energy optimization criterion was obtained.Taking the salt rock as an example, the applicability and reliability of the theoretical formula of tortuosity are verified, and the research results provide a new idea for calculating the tortuosity of porous media.

To solve the problems of low crack rate and large overhanging roof after directional presplitting cumulative blasting technology is implemented under the condition of hard roof, through theoretical analysis, numerical simulation and field monitoring, the deep and shallow hole combined cumulative energy blasting technology is proposed. This paper analyzes the problems of single deep hole combined cumulative energy in hard roof, and points out that optimizing the layout of boreholes and blasting parameters is the main way to improve the blasting effect. The technical principle of deep and shallow hole combined cumulative energy blasting is studied, and the theory of combined energy field and mechanical mechanism of combined pilot hole are put forward. During the deep and shallow hole blasting, the stress field of the inner section and the outer part can be formed. At the same time, the outer part of the deep hole can play the role of the pilot hole in the shallow hole blasting, and finally form the presplitting surface within the scope of the roof cutting. Through the monitoring of blasting effect, the crack rate in the hole is increased by 30%, and the variation law of roof pressure is obtained. The roof falling and filling in time can eliminate the fracture impact of hard roof and reduce the difficulty of surrounding rock control. The research results can provide a reference for directional presplitting high-efficiency cumulative energy blasting under the condition of hard roof.

Mineral resources provide an importantmaterial basis for a country's economic and social development.After decades of large-scalemining, the shallow-metalmineral resources of China have been reduced annually and the development ofmetal resources has reached the stage of comprehensive promotion of deepmining at present.Based on the investigation of a number ofmines in China and abroad and an extensive review of the relevant literature, this study summarizes the present situation and research progress ofmetalmining by focusing on themain technical engineering problems of deepmining and proposing some strategic recommendations to solve the problems of deepmining from six aspects, including the prediction and prevention of dynamicmining disasters, the control of hightemperature thermal environments and treatment of hazards, deep-well hoisting, deep-wellminingmethod and technology reform, new technology for deepmineral processing, and intelligent unmannedmining.The results include the following: (1) Themedium and long-term strategic research target for the deepmining ofmetals in China will be the depth of 5000m.(2) High efficiency and less restriction are characteristics of the cordless vertical lifting technology, which suggests that China should focus on the research and development of this technology and related equipment.(3) Combining themining of deepmineral resources with that of deep energy resources can effectively reduce the cost of deep cooling and offers a new way to solve the economic challenges of deepmining.(4) Newgenerationmining technologies need to change the original mining models and technologies, and the continuous mechanical cutting and rock breaking technology represent an important development direction for the future construction of ultra-deepmines.(5) The fillingmethod is one of themost effectivemethods for ensuring deep-production safety, and further research is needed on the fillingmaterial and filling process.(6) The conditions necessary for comprehensively promoting remote intelligent unmannedmining in China do notyet exist, andmining progress can be facilitated by university-industry collaboration.

The common method for the determination of Au in geological samples is by Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS) and Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES) after enrichment by polyurethane foam (PUF). Compared with activated carbon, PUF has a good selectivity but has a low absorption capacity. PUF loaded by different extraction agents or modified with different functional groups can improve the absorption capacity. PUF was treated with hydrochloric acid to prepare PUF-NH2. Infrared Spectrum and Scanned Electron Microscope results show the peak of PUF-NH2 shows obvious red shift, and the amount of amino group increases obviously. Macromolecule of PUF-NH2 shows obvious fracture. The amino group after hydrolysis is reduced, which is easy to achieve in an oxide-reduction reaction with Au ions during the absorption of Au to form Au nanoparticles. Modified PUF-NH2 achieved absorption capacity of 96 mg/g, which is an 8-fold improvement compared to PUF. Using PUF-NH2 to enrich Au in geological samples, the samples were first ashed and then digested by 50% aqua regia. Gold was determined by ICP-OES. The recovery by standard-addition ranged from 95.0% to 105.0% and the detection limit was 0.15 μg/g. The experimental results show that the enrichment degree and analytical sensitivity are improved by using PUF-NH2, which is suitable for the determination Au in low grade ores.

Taking the Lockup clutch in the hydraulic torque converter as the study object,the strategy of start- off slip friction control for the hydraulic torque converter lockup clutch is studied. At first,the dynamics model of lockup clutch and the clutch piston chamber pressure control model are analyzed. Secondly,a new start- off slip friction control strategy is proposed on this basis of the current lockup clutch slip control methods.Next,the clutch hydraulic circuit Simulation X model is established under the strategy of start- off slip friction clutch control. At last,the simulation analysis of the vehicle is carried out. The test results show that the start- off slip friction control strategy of lockup clutch can achieve well in start- off clutch locking processing,the friction time is greatly reduced and the efficiency of the torque converter is improved.

A translational- torsional coupling dynamics model of planetary gear transmission on the low speed shaft in 2. 5 MW wind turbine gearbox is built by using lumped- parameter method. Through comparing the inherent frequency of the three planetary gears under the conditions of the mesh stiffness are equal and taking the same average mesh stiffness with the conditions of the different mesh stiffness which are influenced by meshing phase difference,the conclusion that the influence of different combination of mesh stiffness under the influence of meshing phase difference on the low inherent frequency is less,but have much more influence on the high inherent frequency is obained. This analysis of inherent frequencies laid a foundation for dynamics analysis of the planetary gear transmission system in 2. 5MW wind turbine.

Density Tapered Arrays (DTA) with nonperiodic spaced elements have many interesting features when compared to traditional DTA in which antenna elements are located only at the intersections of periodic grid; however, a design method is yet to be fully develoed. A new approach is presented using Centroidal Voronoi Tessellations (CVT) to design DTA with nonperiodic element distributions proportional to the desired amplitude taper and with nonperiodic and ‘uniform’ properties. A 32.8λ diameter circular aperture array with 1656 elements is discussed and theoretical patterns are computed for density tapers modeled after −25 dB,−30 dB,−35 dB, and −40 dB circular Taylor distributions. The obtained sidelobe levels and aperture efficiency are better than heretofore reported.

Objective: To investigate the physicochemical properties, osteogenic properties, and osteogenic ability in rabbit model of femoral condylar defect of acellular dermal matrix (ADM)/dicalcium phosphate (DCP) composite scaffold., Methods: ADM/DCP composite scaffolds were prepared by microfibril technique, and the acellular effect of ADM/DCP composite scaffolds was detected by DNA residue, fat content, and α-1，3-galactosyle (α-Gal) epitopes; the microstructure of scaffolds was characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy and mercury porosimetry; X-ray diffraction was used to analyze the change of crystal form of scaffold; the solubility of scaffolds was used to detect the pH value and calcium ion content of the solution; the mineralization experiment in vitro was used to observe the surface mineralization. Twelve healthy male New Zealand white rabbits were selected to prepare the femoral condylar defect models, and the left and right defects were implanted with ADM/DCP composite scaffold (experimental group) and skeletal gold ® artificial bone repair material (control group), respectively. Gross observation was performed at 6 and 12 weeks after operation; Micro-CT was used to detect and quantitatively analyze the related indicators [bone volume (BV), bone volume/tissue volume (BV/TV), bone surface/bone volume (BS/BV), trabecular thickness (Tb.Th), trabecular number (Tb.N), trabecular separation (Tb.Sp), bone mineral density (BMD)], and HE staining and Masson staining were performed to observe the repair of bone defects and the maturation of bone matrix., Results: Gross observation showed that the ADM/DCP composite scaffold was a white spongy solid. Compared with ADM, ADM/DCP composite scaffolds showed a significant decrease in DNA residue, fat content, and α-Gal antigen content ( P <0.05). Field emission scanning electron microscopy showed that the ADM/DCP composite scaffold had a porous structure, and DCP particles were attached to the porcine dermal fibers. The porosity of the ADM/DCP composite scaffold was 76.32%±1.63% measured by mercury porosimetry. X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the crystalline phase of DCP in the ADM/DCP composite scaffolds remained intact. Mineralization results in vitro showed that the hydroxyapatite layer of ADM/DCP composite scaffolds was basically mature. The repair experiment of rabbit femoral condyle defect showed that the incision healed completely after operation without callus or osteophyte. Micro-CT showed that bone healing was complete and a large amount of new bone tissue was generated in the defect site of the two groups, and there was no difference in density between the defect site and the surrounding bone tissue, and the osteogenic properties of the two groups were equivalent. There was no significant difference in BV, BV/TV, BS/BV, Tb.Th, Tb.N, and BMD between the two groups ( P >0.05), except that the Tb.Sp in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group ( P <0.05). At 6 and 12 weeks after operation, HE staining and Masson staining showed that the new bone and autogenous bone fused well in both groups, and the bone tissue tended to be mature., Conclusion: The ADM/DCP composite scaffold has good biocompatibility and osteogenic ability similar to the artificial bone material in repairing rabbit femoral condylar defects. It is a new scaffold material with potential in the field of bone repair.

Objective: To investigate the role of glutamatergic neurons in the dorsomedial periaqueductal grey (dmPAG) in regulating excessive defensive behaviors in mice with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)., Methods: Eight-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were subjected to stereotactic injections of different recombinant adeno- associated viral vectors (rAAV2/9-CaMKII-mCherry, rAAV2/9-CaMKII-hM3Dq-mCherry and rAAV2/9-CaMKII-hM4Di-mCherry) into the bilateral dmPAG for chemogenetic activation or inhibition of the glutamatergic neurons, followed 2 weeks later by PTSD modeling by single prolonged stress. The looming test, response to whisker stimulation test and contextual fear conditioning (CFC) test were used to observe changes in defensive behaviors of the PTSD mice. The activity of glutamatergic neurons in the dmPAG were observed using immunofluorescence staining., Results: Compared with the control mice, the mouse models of PTSD showed a shortened latency of flights with increased time spent in the nest, response scores of defensive behaviors and freezing time (all P <0.01). Immunofluorescence staining revealed significantly increased c-fos-positive glutamatergic neurons in the dmPAG of PTSD mice with defensive behaviors. Activation of the glutamatergic neurons in the dmPAG (in PTSD hM3Dq group) did not cause significant changes in the latency of flights or time in nest but obviously increased response scores of defensive behaviors and freezing time of the mice, whereas inhibiting the glutamatergic neurons in the dmPAG (in PTSD hM4Di group) caused the reverse changes and obviously alleviated defensive behaviors in the PTSD mice ( P <0.05 or 0.01)., Conclusion: Inhibiting the activity of glutamatergic neurons in the dmPAG can alleviate defensive behaviors in mice with PTSD.

The relevant passages on moxibustion at Gaohuang (BL 43) in the Chinese Medical Code (fifth edition), and relevant literature on moxibustion at Gaohuang (BL 43) published up to January 17th, 2023 in the CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, SinoMed, PubMed, Web of Science, EMbase and Scopus were searched. The localization and selection methods of Gaohuang (BL 43), types of moxibustion at Gaohuang (BL 43), moxibustion quantity, and the main clinical indications were analyzed. As a result, a total of 227 ancient passages were included, with 51 related to moxibustion quantity and 171 related to clinical indications, encompassing 33 different diseases. A total of 50 modern articles were reviewed, covering 26 different diseases. The key of selection methods of Gaohuang (BL 43) is exploring sensitivity around the scapula, with direct moxibustion as a preferred technique; the optimal moxibustion dose is detenuined by arrival and withdrawal of deqi , and primary indications were related to syndrome of heart and lung deficiencies.

Objective: To analyze HIV/AIDS surveillance data in men who have sex with men (MSM) aged from 15 to 24 years in Fuzhou and understand the HIV infection status in MSM and related factors. Methods: From 2016 to 2021, MSM aged 15-24 years who had oral or anal sex with men in the past 6 months were recruited through internet, and their demographic and behavioral characteristics, HIV antibody positive rate and risk factors were analyzed. Results: From 2016 to 2021, a total of 4 234 MSM aged 15-24 years were surveyed. The proportion of MSM from other provinces increased from 13.00% (85/654) to 23.42% (163/696) (trend χ 2 =60.23, P <0.001); and the proportion of MSM seeking male partners through internet increased from 93.27% (610/654) to 99.71% (694/696) (trend χ 2 =65.20, P <0.001); In the last anal sex in the past 6 months, the proportion of MSM using condom decreased from 88.16% (484/549) to 74.11% (415/560) (trend χ 2 =32.32, P <0.001); and in the past 6 months, the proportion of MSM using condom at each anal sex decreased from 65.76% (361/549) to 55.54% (311/560) (trend χ 2 =6.82, P <0.001); The proportion of MSM with HIV antibody testing increased from 5.66% (37/654) to 25.29% (176/696) (trend χ 2 =98.51, P <0.001). The cumulative HIV antibody positive rate in the MSM was 3.64% (154/4 234), and there was no significant difference in annual HIV antibody positive rate in the MSM (trend χ 2 =0.50, P =0.453). The HIV antibody positive rate in the MSM with education level of junior high school or below and the MSM living in Fuzhou for 1-2 years showed an upward trend ( P <0.05). The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the risk for HIV infection in the MSM with education level of high school or technical secondary school was 0.54 times higher than that in those with education level of junior high school or below (95% CI : 0.30-0.99), and the risk for HIV infection in the MSM with education level of junior college or below was 0.29 times higher than that in those with education level of junior high school or below (95% CI : 0.17-0.51). The risk for HIV infection in the MSM who lived in Fuzhou for 1-2 years was 0.35 times higher than that in those who lived in Fuzhou for less than 1 year (95% CI : 0.16-0.74), the risk for HIV infection in the MSM who lived in Fuzhou for more than two years was 0.58 times higher than that in those who lived in Fuzhou for less than 1 year (95% CI : 0.37-0.91). The number of MSM using condoms at each anal sex was 0.18 times higher than that in the those never using condoms (95% CI : 0.08-0.42), and the number of the MSM who didn't suffered from sexually transmitted diseases was 0.25 times higher than that in those who suffered from sexually transmitted diseases (95% CI : 0.13-0.50). Conclusions: The MSM aged 15-24 years in Fuzhou have higher risk for HIV infection, and internet based intervention should be strengthened in adolescent MSM without permanent residence and with low education level.

Objective: To investigate the intervention effects of curcumin (Curc) on liver injury induced by chronic alcohol addiction in mice. Methods: Thirty Balb/c mice were randomly divided into normal control group (Control), model group (Model), low-dose Curc group (5 mg/kg, Curc-L), medium dose Curc group (10 mg/kg, Curc-M) and high-dose Curc group (15 mg/kg, Curc-H), with 6 mice in each group. The chronic alcohol addiction liver injury model was prepared with 20% liquor. The mice in control group were given 2 ml of normal saline every day. The mice in model group were given 5 ml/kg of 20% liquor every day, and the mice in Curc treatment group were treated with Curc at the doses of 5, 10, 15 mg/kg in 2 ml saline every day for 35 days. The weight of liver was measured and the health status of mice was observed. Serum ALT, AST, ALP and liver TG, TC, HDL-C, LDL-C, MDA, SOD, GSH-Px and NO were measured. The pathological changes of liver tissues stained with hematoxylin and eosin were observed. Results: Compared with the control group, the liver mass and serum levels of ALT, AST, ALP, MDA, NO, TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C in the model group were increased significantly ( P ＜0.05, P ＜0.01), the activities of SOD and GSH-Px were decreased significantly ( P ＜0.05, P ＜0.01), the liver cells were vacuolated and infiltrated with inflammatory cells, and the expression levels of NF-κB and MAPK protein in liver tissues were increased significantly ( P ＜0.01). Compared with the model group, the levels of ALT, AST, ALP, MDA, NO, TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C in Curc group were decreased significantly nd the activities of SOD and GSH-Px were increased significantly ( P ＜0.05, P ＜0.01). Conclusion: Curc can effectively reduce liver tissue damage by regulating NF-κB/MAPK signal pathway.

Objective: To compare the prognostic evaluation value of preoperative neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR), and systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) in rectal cancer patients. Nomogram survival prediction model based on inflammatory markers was constructed. Methods: The clinical and survival data of 585 patients with rectal cancer who underwent radical resection in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao tong University from January 2013 to December 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. The optimal cut-off values of NLR, PLR, LMR, and SII were determined by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. The relationship between different NLR, PLR, LMR and SII levels and the clinic pathological characteristics of the rectal cancer patients were compared. Cox proportional risk model was used for univariate and multivariate regression analysis. Nomogram prediction models of overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) of patients with rectal cancer were established by the R Language software. The internal validation and accuracy of the nomograms were determined by the calculation of concordance index (C-index). Calibration curve was used to evaluate nomograms' efficiency. Results: The optimal cut-off values of preoperative NLR, PLR, LMR and SII of OS for rectal cancer patients were 2.44, 134.88, 4.70 and 354.18, respectively. There was statistically significant difference in tumor differentiation degree between the low NLR group and the high NLR group ( P <0.05), and there were statistically significant differences in T stage, N stage, TNM stage, tumor differentiation degree and preoperative carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) level between the low PLR group and the high PLR group ( P <0.05). There was statistically significant difference in tumor differentiation degree between the low LMR group and the high LMR group ( P <0.05), and there were statistically significant differences in T stage, N stage, TNM stage, tumor differentiation degree and preoperative CEA level between the low SII group and the high SII group ( P <0.05). The multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that the age ( HR =2.221, 95% CI: 1.526-3.231), TNM stage (Ⅲ grade: HR =4.425, 95% CI: 1.848-10.596), grade of differentiation ( HR =1.630, 95% CI: 1.074-2.474), SII level ( HR =2.949, 95% CI: 1.799-4.835), and postoperative chemoradiotherapy ( HR =2.123, 95% CI: 1.506-2.992) were independent risk factors for the OS of patients with rectal cancer. The age ( HR =2.107, 95% CI: 1.535-2.893), TNM stage (Ⅲ grade, HR =2.850, 95% CI: 1.430-5.680), grade of differentiation ( HR =1.681, 95% CI: 1.150-2.457), SII level ( HR =2.309, 95% CI: 1.546-3.447), and postoperative chemoradiotherapy ( HR =1.837, 95% CI: 1.369-2.464) were independent risk factors of the DFS of patients with rectal cancer. According to the OS and DFS nomograms predict models of rectal cancer patients established by multivariate COX regression analysis, the C-index were 0.786 and 0.746, respectively. The calibration curve of the nomograms showed high consistence of predict and actual curves. Conclusions: Preoperative NLR, PLR, LMR and SII levels are all correlated with the prognosis of rectal cancer patients, and the SII level is an independent prognostic risk factor for patients with rectal cancer. Preoperative SII level can complement with the age, TNM stage, differentiation degree and postoperative adjuvant chemoradiotherapy to accurately predict the prognosis of rectal cancer patients, which can provide reference and help for clinical decision.

Streptococcus pyogenes Cas9 (SpCas9) has become a powerful genome editing tool, but has a limited range of recognizable protospacer adjacent motifs (PAMs) and shows off-target effects. To address these issues, we present a rational approach to optimize the xCas9 mutant derived from SpCas9 by directed evolution. Firstly, energy minimization with the Rosetta program was applied to optimize the three-dimensional structure of Cas9 to obtain the lowest energy conformation. Subsequently, combinatorial mutations were designed based on the mutations sites of xCas9 acquired during the directed evolution. Finally, optimal mutants were selected from the designed mutants by free energy ranking and subjected to experimental verification. A new mutant yCas9 (262A/324R/409N/480K/543D/694L/1219T) with multiple PAM recognition ability and low off-target effects was obtained and verified by DNA cleavage experiments. This mutant recognizes the NG, GAA and GAT PAMs and shows low off-target DNA cleavage activity guided by mismatched sgRNA, thus provides a gene editing tool with potential applications in biomedical field. Furthermore, we performed molecular dynamics simulations on the structures of SpCas9, xCas9 and yCas9 to reveal the mechanisms of their PAM recognition and off-target effects. These may provide theoretical guidance for further optimization and modification of CRISPR/Cas9 proteins.

As an important tool for assessing musculoskeletal conditions, imaging plays an important role in assessing the risk of disease, judging disease and the progress of disease, and prognosis scores. Accompanied with the rapid development of artificial intelligence(AI) in the field of image detection and interpretation, some AI-assisted recognition studies involving musculoskeletal X-ray imaging have been examined and shown a high potential value, which can enhance various parts of the X-ray imaging value chain and guide clinicians by improving imaging efficiency, imaging quality, and diagnostic accuracy. At present, the development of AI-assisted imaging recognition technology is still at an early stage. AI algorithms need to be further improved and developed. Image data is still insufficient and the qualityis relatively heterogeneous. The long-term accuracy and stability of technical performance require further observation and research.

Objective: To investigate the effects and mechanism of mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) and cytochrome c oxidase (COX) pathway in the energy production of hypoxic cardiomyocytes of rats regulated by tumor necrosis factor receptor associated protein 1 (TRAP1). Methods: The cardiomyocytes were isolated from 135 neonatal Sprague-Dawley rats (aged 1-3 d) and cultured for the following experiments. (1) Cells were collected and divided into normoxia blank control (NBC) group, hypoxia blank control (HBC) group, hypoxia+ TRAP1 over-expression control (HTOC) group, and hypoxia+ TRAP1 over-expression (HTO) group according to the random number table (the same grouping method below), with 1 bottle in each group. Cells in NBC group were cultured routinely, cells in HBC group were cultured in hypoxic condition for 6 hours after routine culture, cells in HTOC and HTO groups were respectively added with TRAP1 over-expression empty virus vector and TRAP1 over-expression adenovirus vector virus suspension for transfection for 48 hours after routine culture and then cultured in hypoxic condition for 6 hours. The protein expression of TFAM of cells in each group was detected by Western blotting. (2) Cells were collected and divided into NBC, HBC, HTOC, HTO, HTO+ TFAM interference control (HTOTIC), and HTO+ TFAM interference (HTOTI) groups, with 1 well in each group. Cells in the former 4 groups were dealt with the same methods as the corresponding groups in experiment (1). Cells in HTOTIC and HTOTI groups were respectively added with TFAM interference empty virus vector and TFAM interference adenovirus vector virus suspension for transfection for 48 hours, and the other processing methods were the same as those in HTO group. The content of ATP of cells in each group was determined by ATP determination kit and microplate reader, and the COX activity of cells in each group was determined by COX activity assay kit and microplate reader. (3) Cells were collected and divided into NBC group, normoxia+ sodium azide (NSA) group, HBC group, and hypoxia+ sodium azide (HSA) group, with 1 well in each group. Cells in NBC and HBC groups were respectively dealt with the same methods as the corresponding groups in experiment (1). Cells in NSA and HSA groups were respectively added with 32 nmol sodium azide at 30 min before experiment or hypoxia, and then cells in HSA group were cultured in hypoxic condition for 6 hours. The content of ATP was determined by the same method as above. The above three experiments were repeated for three times. Data were statistically analyzed with one-way analysis of variance and least significant difference test. Results: (1) Compared with that in NBC group, the protein expression of TFAM of cells in HBC group was significantly decreased ( P <0.01). Compared with that in HBC group or HTOC group, the protein expression of TFAM of cells in HTO group was significantly increased ( P <0.01). (2) Compared with 0.552±0.041 and 1.99±0.15 in NBC group, the COX activity (0.270±0.044) and ATP content (1.09±0.11) of cells in HBC group were significantly decreased ( P <0.01). Compared with 0.269±0.042 and 1.17±0.12 in HBC group and those in HTOC group, the COX activity (0.412±0.032 and 0.404±0.016) and ATP content (1.75±0.06 and 1.69±0.07) of cells in HTO and HTOTIC groups were significantly increased ( P <0.01). Compared with those in HTO and HTOTIC groups, the COX activity (0.261±0.036) and ATP content (1.23±0.07) of cells in HTOTI group were significantly decreased ( P <0.01). (3) Compared with that in NBC group, the ATP content of cells in NSA and NBC groups was significantly decreased ( P <0.01). Compared with that in HBC group, the ATP content of cells in HSA group was significantly decreased ( P <0.01). Conclusions: TRAP1 can increase the COX activity of cardiomyocytes by raising the expression of TFAM, and finally alleviate the impairment in energy production of cardiomyocytes caused by hypoxia.

One 24 years old female patient who suffered extremely severe burn in the third trimester of pregnancy was admitted to the Department of Burns and Skin Repair Surgery of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University on 9th May, 2015. Intrauterine distress occurred after injury and stillbirth was confirmed within 12 hours. In cooperation with the obstetrician, the labor was induced on post injury day (PID) 5. Septic shock and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome occurred on PID 8. Through treatments including anti-infection, ventilator-assisted ventilation, cardiotonic diuresis, and escharectomy and skin grafting, the patient was finally cured. This case indicates that it is crucial to grasp the right time and choose a reasonable induction of labor to deal with stillbirth. The scheme of transvaginal induction of labor after shock is a worthy question to explore. The main characteristics of this patient include the extreme paroxysmal changes in breath, circulation, and urine volume within 24 hours after induced labor, which should be monitored dynamically for effective and timely adjustment of respiratory circulation support. This may be another key point for the rescue of this type of patient. To seize the opportunities to perform escharectomy, cover the wound with xenogenic skin graft, and perform skin grafting in time for wound repair remain the top priority.

Objective: To discuss the diagnostic value potential of (18)F-FDG PET/CT and intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) in genotype EGFR of lung cancer. Methods: A total of 116 cases proved pathologically pulmonary space occupying lesions (72 males, 44 females; age range was 31-85 years; 37 cases of high differentiation; 53 cases of middle differentiation, 26 cases of low differentiation) were prospectively collected from August 2017 to March 2019 in Henan Provincial People's Hospital. EGFR gene detection was performed in 50 patients (wild type 20 cases, mutant 30 cases). Whole body PET/CT and lung MR-imaging were performed before treatment in all patients. Comparison of PET/CT, IVIM semi-quantitative parameters between positive and negative of EGFR by Student- t test or Mann-Whitney U test. Evaluation diagnostic efficacy of each parameter to EGFR by drawing ROC curves. The optimum diagnostic threshold, specificity, sensitivity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and the diagnostic accuracy were calculated. The diagnostic accuracy of (18)F-FDG PET/CT combined with IVIM was calculated. Results: The quantitative parameters standard intake(SUV), apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), true diffusion coefficient (D), pseudo-diffusion coefficient (D(*)), perfusion fraction (f) were 8.7±3.5, (1.59±0.26) ×10(-3) mm(2)/s, (1.04±0.12)×10(-3) mm(2)/s, (3.9±3.0)×10(-2) mm(2)/s, 0.43±0.16 and the above parameters of the wild group were 14.3±3.3, (1.34±0.26)×10(-3) mm(2)/s, (0.89±0.12)×10(-3) mm(2)/s, (3.5±2.5)×10(-2) mm(2)/s, 0.40±0.11, respectively. The difference of quantitative parameters SUV ( t= 4.196, P= 0.0001), ADC ( t= 2.502, P= 0.0018), D ( t= 3.158, P= 0.006) between the EGFR mutant group and the wild group was statistically significant. The difference of quantitative parameters D(*) ( t= 0.361, P= 0.721), f ( t= 0.627, P= 0.536) was not statistically significant. ROC curve was drawn and the area under the curves for diagnosis of EGFR mutations by SUV, ADC, D, D(*), f was 0.880, 0.755, 0.820, 0.575, 0.550. The diagnostic accuracy of these parameters above mentioned was 80.0%, 76.7%, 73.3%, 66.7%, 53.3% respectively. The diagnostic accuracy of SUV combined with ADC, D values was 83.3% and 80.0%. Conclusion: PET/CT and IVIM have certain diagnostic value for EGFR typing of lung cancer gene.

Objective: To summarize the characteristics of abdominal-pelvic unplanned reoperation (URO) in a cancer hospital. Methods: Retrospectively descriptive cohort research was adopted. The classification of diseases was based on ICD-10, and surgical classification was based on ICD-9-CM-3. Medical record summary database from 2008 to 2018 in Beijing Cancer Hospital was collected, and all URO information of abdominal-pelvic surgery was retrieve. The time of URO, disease type, surgery type and cause were statistically analyzed. Distribution of main disease incidence and constituent ratio, and the application of major surgery and surgery type composition ratio were analyzed as well. Results: From 2008 to 2018, a total of 46854 cases underwent abdominal-pelvic surgery (including gastrointestinal, hepatic-biliary-pancreatic, gynecological, urological, or esophageal cancer surgery) and 713 patients received URO (1.52%), including 486 males and 227 females (2.14:1.00) with a mean age of (58.1±12.2) years. A total of 246 patients (34.50%) had comorbidity, and with comorbidity: without comorbidity was 1.13:1.00. The hospital stay was (44.5±43.0) days, and the total cost was (178000±112000) yuan. There were 22 deaths (3.09%). The median interval between URO and the first operation was 8 (0 to 131) days. The highest rate of URO was 2.45% (89/3629) in 2012, while the lowest was 0.95% (53/5596) in 2015. The top 3 major cancer types of URO included colorectal cancer (222 cases, 31.14%), gastric cancer (166 cases, 23.28%) and esophageal cancer (45 cases, 6.31%). The cancer types with the highest URO rate included pancreatic cancer (3.97%, 30/756), gastric cancer (1.81%, 166/9171) and colorectal cancer (1.80%, 222/12333). The top 3 surgical procedures resulting in URO were rectal resection (109 cases, 15.29%), total gastrectomy (79 cases, 11.08%), and total pancreatectomy (64 cases, 8.98%). Focusing on 497 URO cases from 2012 to 2018, 465 cases (93.56%) followed relatively difficult grade III and IV surgery, while only 32 cases (6.44%) followed grade I and II surgery. The top 5 main causes of URO were bleeding (225 cases, 31.56%), anastomotic leak (225 cases, 31.56%), infection (89 cases, 12.48%), intestinal obstruction (53 cases, 7.43%), and wound dehiscence (35 cases, 4.91%), adding up to a total of 87.94% of all URO. Conclusion: This study summarizes the epidemiology of abdominal - pelvic URO in our cancer institution, providing the solid baseline for future investigation of URO and the subsequent formulation of corresponding prevention and intervention measures.

Objective: To investigate the impact of different methods of fluid resuscitation on hemorheology during burn shock stage. Methods: Twenty four miniature swines were randomly divided into four groups with 6 in each group (succinylated gelatin group, hydroxyethyl starch group, Parkland group and allogeneic plasma group). Severe burn shock model was established by burning miniature swine with napalm. Two hours after injury, succinylated gelatin, hydroxyethyl starch (130/0.4) and swine allogenic plasma were used as colloid (alternative colloid) in fluid resuscitation according to the burn shock fluid resuscitation formula which is commonly accepted in the field of Burns Surgery. In Parkland group, miniature swines received liquid recovery according to Parkland Formula. The vital signs before and within 48 h after burn were observed by Solar 8000i electrocardiomonitor during the process of transfusion. The infusion speed was adjusted based on the heart rate, blood pressure, urine volume and central venous pressure. The level of hematocrit (HCT), viscosity of plasma (ηp), index of rigidity (IR), red cell assembling index (RCA) and erythrocyte electrophoresis time (EFT) were measured at the time of pre-injury as well as 4, 8, 24 and 48 h post-injury and statistical analysis was performed. Results: HCT in hydroxyethyl starch group and Parkland group at 8 h post-injury were significantly higher than pre-injury [(0.395±0.047) vs (0.333±0.042), (0.379±0.026) vs (0.352±0.019)] (both P< 0.05). And compared with pre-injury, HCT in hydroxyethyl starch (130/0.4) group at 48 h decreased significantly (0.232±0.021) vs (0.333±0.042) ( P< 0.05). HCT in Parkland group at 24, 48 h post-injury were lower than pre-injury [(0.277±0.021), (0.241±0.029) vs (0.352±0.019)] (both P< 0.05). Compared with pre-injury, the levels of ηp in Parkland group decreased substantially at 4, 8 and 24 h post-injury [(1.61±0.07), (1.55±0.07) and (1.63±0.07) vs (1.73±0.04) mPa·s] (all P< 0.05). Compared with allogeneic plasma group, IR decreased in succinylated gelatin group at 24, 48 h post-injury [(1.10±0.05 vs 1.26±0.07), (1.11±0.05 vs 1.32±0.05)](both P< 0.05). RCA in succinylated gelatin group was significantly higher (both P< 0.05) at 4 h (6.80±0.87) than pre-injury (5.92±0.43). RCA in hydroxyethyl starch group at 8 h post-injury (6.73±0.56) was significantly higher (both P< 0.05) than pre-injury (6.03±0.53). Compared with pre-injury (17.3±1.3 s, 16.4±1.5 s), the levels of EFT in hydroxyethyl starch group (15.5±1.4 s) and Parkland group (13.4±1.2 s) decreased substantially at 48 h post-injury (both P< 0.05). Compared with allogeneic plasma group, the level of EFT in succinylated gelatin group at 4 h post-injury (19.5±2.3 s) increased and decreased at 24 h post-injury (12.0±5.7 s) (both P< 0.05). Conclusion: During swine burn shock stage, the hemorheological parameters of shock resuscitation with artificial colloid are more stable than those with Parkland formula resuscitation.

Objective: To investigate the effects and mechanisms of microRNA-146a (miR-146a) on osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLC) stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg). Methods: hPDLC were cultured in vitro and induced to the phase of osteogenic differentiation. These cells were divided into five groups: non-osteogenic differentiation cells, osteogenic differentiation cells, osteogenic differentiation cells treated with Pg LPS, osteogenic differentiation cells treated with Pg LPS and miR-146a mimic, osteogenic differentiation cells treated with Pg LPS and miR-146a negative control. Osteogenic markers and mineralization were detected via quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) and alizarin red staining, respectively. Meanwhile, non-radioactive transcription factor assay was applied to explore the nuclear activity of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) p65 in nuclear extracts of hPDLC. Results: Compared with cells of osteogenic differentiation in non-LPS-stimulated groups, Pg LPS could decrease the markers of osteogenic differentiation of hPDLC such as collagen Ⅰ (Col-Ⅰ), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Runt-related transcription factor-2 (RUNX2) and osteocalcin (OCN) ( P< 0.05), inhibit mineralization, and stimulate NF-κB p65 nuclear activity expression (non-LPS stimulated group: 1.023±0.217, LPS stimulated group: 6.252±0.613, P= 0.008). However, compared with cells in Pg LPS/miR-146a negative control group, miR-146a increased Col-Ⅰ ( P= 0.007) and OCN ( P= 0.049) mRNA expression, rather than ALP ( P= 0.167) and RUNX2 ( P= 0.580) at day 3; miR-146a also upregulated mRNA levels of Col-Ⅰ, ALP, RUNX2 and OCN ( P< 0.05) at day 7 and day 14, and enhance mineralization. Meanwhile, miR-146a mimic could decrease the nuclear activity of NF-κB p65 induced by Pg LPS in hPDLC (miR-146a: 2.427±0.354, negative control: 5.863±0.482, P= 0.019). Conclusions: miR-146a could reverse the inhibitory effects of Pg LPS on osteogenic differentiation of hPDLC through enhancing the expression of osteogenic markers and decreasing inflammatory pathway in hPDLC.

A strain PSPSA1 with strong phosphate-solubilizing ability was isolated from the rhi-zosphere of tree peony. This strain was identified based on morphological characteristics, physiological and biochemical experiments, and 16S rDNA sequence analysis. Furthermore, its genetic stabi-lity and phosphate-solubilizing characteristics were investigated. Strain PSPSA1 was identified as the actinomycete Streptomyces albireticuli and showed high genetic stability. The order of phosphate solubilization capacity (PSC) in different phosphorus-source culture media was calcium phosphate (158.5 mg·L -1 ) > aluminum phosphate (139.9 mg·L -1 ) > ferric phosphate (127.7 mg·L -1 ) > lecithin (45.6 mg·L -1 ). The PSC and pH were significantly negatively correlated in inorganic phosphorus solution, but were not correlated in organic phosphorus solution. When using different carbon sources, PSC was in the order of lactose > glucose > maltose > fructose > sucrose > starch > cellulose. For different nitrogen sources, PSC was in the order of peptone > ammonium nitrate > ammonium sulfate > potassium nitrate > urea. Using glucose as a carbon source and peptone as a nitrogen source, strain PSPSA1 achieved the highest PSC of 202.6 mg·L -1 . After incubated for 60 days, the available phosphorus content in soil with a single application of strain PSPSA1 increased by 68.2% compared with control, and the available phosphorus content in soil with mixed application of strain PSPSA1 and organic fertilizer increased by 76.7% compared with a single application of organic fertilizer. The results indicated that the strain PSPSA1 had a strong ability to dissolve insoluble phosphorus and its mixed application with organic fertilizer improved the phosphorus solubilization. Thus, PSPSA1 is a promising microbial resource for the production of high-efficiency biological phosphorus fertilizer.

Objective: To explore the influence of different inner dressings in negative-pressure wound therapy (NPWT) on escharectomy wound of full-thickness burn rabbits. Methods: Eighteen Japanese white rabbits were inflicted with full-thickness burn on unilateral back. They were divided into polymer dressing group (PD), biological dressing group (BD), and silver biological dressing group (SBD), according to the random number table, with 6 rabbits in each group. On 3 days post burn, the wounds were performed with escharectomy, and then wounds of rabbits in group PD were covered with polyurethane foam. Wounds of rabbits in group BD were covered with porcine acellular dermal matrix (ADM) and wounds of rabbits in group SBD were covered with silver porcine ADM. Then continuous NPWT was performed on rabbits of the three groups for 7 days. Immediately after surgery and on post surgery day (PSD) 7, general observation of wound was conducted and tissue around the wound was harvested for determination of dry to wet weight ratio. The content of bacteria was counted and the content of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and IL-6 in wound was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Fibroblasts in wound were counted after Masson staining and number of microvessels was counted after CD31 antibody immunohistochemical staining. Data were processed with analysis of variance for repeated measurement, LSD- t test, paired samples t test, and Bonferroni correction. Results: (1) Immediately after surgery, there was no granulation tissue in basal wound of rabbits in the three groups, with rich blood supply and obvious edema. On PSD 7, much granulation tissue was found in basal wound of rabbits in the three groups, with no or mild edema and no obvious redness and swelling in wound edge. (2) There were no significant differences in dry to wet weight ratios of tissue around the wound among and within the three groups immediately after surgery and on PSD 7 (with F values respectively 0.70 and 0.09, t values from 0.17 to 0.52, P values above 0.05). (3) Immediately after surgery, the content of bacteria in wounds of rabbits in groups PD, BD, and SBD was respectively (603.0±146.0) ×10(4,) (573.0±63.0) ×10(4,) and (590.0±100.0)×10(4) colony-forming unit (CFU)/g, with no significant difference among them ( F =0.13, P >0.05). On PSD 7, the content of bacteria in wounds of rabbits in groups PD, BD, and SBD were respectively (5.4±0.8) ×10(4,) (4.6±0.9) ×10(4,) and (3.5±0.9)×10(4) CFU/g. Among them, the content of bacteria in wounds of rabbits in group SBD was lower than that in groups PD and BD, respectively (with t values respectively 3.78 and 2.29, P <0.05 or P <0.01). The content of bacteria in wounds of rabbits in the three groups on PSD 7 was decreased compared with that immediately after surgery (with t values from 10.05 to 21.81, P values below 0.01). (4) There was no significant difference in content of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in wounds of rabbits in the three groups immediately after surgery and on PSD 7 (with F values from 0.10 to 1.89, P values above 0.05). The content of TNF-α in wounds of rabbits in the three groups on PSD 7 was significantly higher than that immediately after surgery (with t values from 2.93 to 5.01, P <0.05 or P <0.01). (5) There was no significant difference in amount of fibroblasts in wounds of rabbits in the three groups immediately after surgery and on PSD 7 (with F values respectively 0.01 and 0.81, P values above 0.05). The amount of fibroblasts in wounds of rabbits in the three groups on PSD 7 was larger than that immediately after surgery (with t values from 4.78 to 11.58, P values below 0.01). (6) There was no significant difference in number of microvessels in wounds of rabbits in the three groups immediately after surgery and on PSD 7 (with F values respectively 2.42 and 2.49, P values above 0.05). The number of microvessels in wounds of rabbits in the three groups on PSD 7 was larger than that immediately after surgery (with t values from 7.17 to 11.14, P values below 0.01). Conclusions: SBD is better at inhibiting the growth of bacteria. PD, BD, and SBD have almost the same effects on reducing tissue edema and inflammatory reaction, and on promoting the accumulation of collagen fibers and tissue vascularization.

The accurate diagnosis of burn depth is one of the important problems in the field of burn surgery. The diagnosis accuracy rate is directly related to the treatment plan and effect. The existed clinical diagnosis methods mainly depend on the experience of burn surgeon, making the accuracy rate from 50% to 65%. In order to improve the accuracy rate of clinical burn depth diagnosis, a large number of diagnosis methods based on imaging are proposed, however, all of the methods are still in the stage of experimental research. In this paper, the research advances on the diagnosis techniques of burn depth are summarized, both the advantages and the shortcomings are pointed, and the development trend of diagnosis techniques of burn depth is expected.

Objective: To explore the effects of different fluid resuscitation program on renal function in swine during shock stage of severe burn. Methods: Twenty-four Guangxi Bama miniature swine were inflicted with 40% total body surface area on the back, and then they were divided into four groups according to the random number table, with 6 swine in each group. At post injury hour (PIH) 2, swine in succinylated gelatin group (S), hydroxyethyl starch group (H), and allogeneic plasma group (A) were respectively resuscitated with succinylated gelatin, hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4, and plasma according to burn shock " domestic general" resuscitation formula, and swine in Parkland group (P) were resuscitated with lactated Ringer's solution according to Parkland formula. Hemodynamic indexes including heart rate, blood pressure, urine volume, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, and central venous pressure before injury, at the first and second PIH 24 were recorded. The volume of resuscitation fluid was calculated at the first and second PIH 24. Blood and urine samples were collected before injury and at PIH 4, 8, 24, and 48, and then serum creatinine and urea nitrogen were detected by automatic biochemical analyzer, urine microalbumin and urine creatinine were detected by automated urine analyzer and the ratio of which was calculated. The renal tissue of swine in each group was obtained at PIH 48, and the pathologic changes were observed by optical microscopy and electron microscope. Data were processed with analysis of variance of repeated measurement, one-way analysis of variance, and LSD test. Results: (1) The hemodynamic indexes of swine in each group were similar before injury and at the first and second PIH 24 (with P values above 0.05). Compared with those before injury, except that the heart rate of swine in group A had no significant change at the first PIH 24 ( P >0.05), the heart rate of swine in each group was significantly increased at the first and second PIH 24 (with P values below 0.01); except that the systolic blood pressure of swine in group P was significantly increased at the first and second PIH 24 ( P <0.05 or P <0.01), there were no significant changes of systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure of swine in each group at the first and second PIH 24 (with P values above 0.05); except that urine volume of swine in groups S and A was significantly decreased at the first PIH 24 ( P <0.05 or P <0.01), there were no significant change of urine volume of swine in each group at the first and second PIH 24 (with P values above 0.05); pulmonary capillary wedge pressure and central venous pressure of swine in each group were significantly increased at the first and second PIH 24 ( P <0.05 or P <0.01). (2) Compared with that in group A, the volume of resuscitation fluid of swine in groups S and H had no significant change in the first and second PIH 24 (with P values above 0.05), while it was significantly increased in group P in the first PIH 24 and significantly decreased in the second PIH 24 (with P values below 0.05). (3) Compared with those in group A, except that serum creatinine of swine in group H was significantly increased at PIH 24 and significantly increased in group P at PIH 4, 8, 24, and 48, urea nitrogen of swine in group P was significantly decreased at PIH 4 and 8 and significantly increased at PIH 48, the ratio of urine microalbumin to urine creatinine of swine in group P was significantly increased at PIH 8, 24, and 48 ( P <0.05 or P <0.01), serum creatinine, urea nitrogen, and the ratio of urine microalbumin to urine creatinine of swine in each group had no significant change at each time point (with P values above 0.05). Serum creatinine of swine in group P was (125±16) μmol/L at PIH 24, which was significantly higher than that before injury [(75±13) μmol/L, P <0.05]. Urea nitrogen of swine in group S was (2.90±1.17) μmol/L at PIH 48, which was significantly lower than that before injury [(4.60±0.47) μmol/L, P <0.05]; urea nitrogen of swine in group H was (4.82±0.82) μmol/L at PIH 4, which was significantly higher than that before injury [(3.80±0.73) μmol/L, P <0.05]; urea nitrogen values of swine in group A were respectively (4.80±0.33), (4.92±0.35), and (2.60±0.27) μmol/L at PIH 4, 8, and 48, while those at PIH 4, 8 were significantly higher and at PIH 48 was significantly lower than the value before injury [(3.93±0.32) μmol/L, with P values below 0.01]. The ratios of urine microalbumin to urine creatinine of swine in group P were respectively (106.7±16.4) and (171.6±36.9) mg/mmol at PIH 24 and 48, which were significantly higher than the ratio before injury [(59.0±3.0) mg/mmol, with P values below 0.01]. The serum creatinine, urea nitrogen, and the ratio of urine microalbumin to urine creatinine of swine in each group at the other time points were similar to those before injury (with P values above 0.05). (4) The renal tissue of swine in the four groups had no obvious pathological change. Conclusions: According to the renal function results, fluid resuscitation with electrolyte and colloids are better than with lactated Ringer's solution in swine during shock stage of burn injury, while natural colloids and succinylated gelatin have similar effects, and both are superior to hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4.

Objective To explore the effects of miR-338-5p on the nuclear factor κB1 (NF-κB1) expression and the IgG-producing ability of B cells. Methods Dual-luciferase reporter assay was used to test the target gene of miR-338-5p. The purified CD20 + B cells were transfected with miR-338-5p agomiR, miR-338-5p antagomiR, NF-κB1 siRNA (siNF-κB1) and their corresponding negative control reagents, and then cultured with anti-IgM antibody and/or recombinant human B cell activating factor (rhBAFF). Real-time RCR and Western boltting were applied to determine the mRNA and protein levels of NF-κB1. IgG level in the supernatant was detected by ELISA. Results Compared with the control group, the hRluc/hLuc relative luciferase activity was significantly elevated in miR-338-5p mimic and NF-κB1-3'-UTR reporter co-transfected group. In the co-culture system with anti-IgM antibody and rhBAFF, the NF-κB1 mRNA, p105, p50 and IgG levels in B cells transfected with miR-338-5p agomiR were significantly increased, while the NF-κB1 mRNA and IgG levels in B cells transfected with miR-338-5p antagomiR were significantly decreased. The effect of siNF-κB1 on B cells was opposite to that of miR-338-5p agomiR. Correlation analysis suggested that NF-κB1 mRNA level was significantly positively correlated with IgG concentration. Conclusion miR-338-5p regulates the biological functions of B cells by positively regulating NF-κB1 expression and indirectly regulating BAFF signal.

Objective: To compare the effects on wound bed of deep burn following eschar excision with different wound management in rabbits., Methods: Eighteen full-thickness burns models of Japanese white rabbits were established. They were randomly divided into 3 groups of traditional dressing, biological dressing and negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) (n=6 each), according to the random number table. Eschar excision was performed three days later. The wound bed was observed and wound tissue was harvested for counting the quantity of bacteria, tissue dry wet ratio, measuring the level of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6, the amount of collagen fibers and the microvessel density instantly and again seven days later. Statistical analyses were performed., Results: The NPWT group was better than other groups by observing the wound bed. The quantity of bacteria of traditional dressing group, biological dressing group and NPWT group at the time point of seven days after escharectomy turned out to be (9.4±1.5)×10(4,) (8.1±2.7)×10(4,) (3.9±0.7)×10(4) cfu/g, the NPWT group was significantly lower than traditional dressing group and biological dressing group (both P<0.05), and all lower than that at the time point of the day when escharectomy was performed (576.9±169.5)×10(4,) (589.9±99.6)×10(4,) (583.0±160.4)×10(4) cfu/g ( all P<0.05). There were no statistically significant differences among three groups at two time points in tissue dry wet ratio (all P>0.05). The IL-6 of biological dressing group was higher than that of traditional dressing group at the time point of seven days after the eschar excision was performed[(94±10) vs (76±8) ng/L, P<0.05]. The amount of collagen fibers of three group at the time point of seven days after escharectomy turned out to be (60±9), (55±12), (77±17). The NPWT group was significantly higher than traditional dressing group and biological dressing group (P<0.05), and all higher than that at the time point of the day when escharectomy was performed[(39±6), (39±11), (38±6)](all P<0.05). The microvessel density of three groups at the time point of seven days after escharectomy turned out to be (42±6), (53±4), (82±10). The NPWT group was higher than that of the other two groups, and biological dressing group was higher than that of traditional dressing group (all P<0.05). The biological dressing group and NPWT group were both higher than that of the day when the eschar excision was performed (36±5) and (36±5) (P<0.05)., Conclusions: NPWT is the optimal selection for wound to inhibit the growth of bacteria, promote the accumulation of collagen and tissue vascularization. But these managements have similar effects on reducing tissue edema and inflammatory reaction.

Objective: To investigate the pharmacological effects of Epimedii Folium and its different separate compositions on the rats with RA-induced osteoporosis and to screen the most active constituent. Methods: With the establishment of animal model of osteoporotic rats induced by RA, the efftects of different constituents extracted from Epimedii Folium on the contents of Ca2+, P3+, ALP, StrACP, BCG and E2 in serum were measured, and their influence on the calcium and phosphate of bone, bilateral femur mass/body mass, unilateral femur ash mass/dry mass was evaluated. The femur morphology was observed through histomorphology. Results: The 30% ethanol section can significantly increase the contents of Ca2+, P3+ in model rats, promote the level of E2 in serum, and decrease the contents of ALP, StrACP, BCG and P3+ in serum, significantly raising the unilateral femur ash mass/dry mass and bilateral femur mass/body mass. The total constituents can significantly increase Ca2+, unilateral femur ash mass/dry mass, and unilateralbilateral femur mass/body mass, and decrease ALP and P3+ in serum. In comparing with other groups, except for the positive control group, the observation of histomorphology exhibited that the 30% ethanol section improved the pathomorphism of bone most obviously and significantly increased the density and space of trabecular, with discontinuous spongy bone existing in local gusongzhiincus buttress. The sequence of the effect on anti-osteoporosis was 30% ethanol section > total constituents > water section > 95% ethanol section > polysaccharide. Conclusion: The 30% ethanol section manifested the most significant effect on anti-osteoporosis. The total constituents also had a certain degree of effect on anti-osteoporosis which was weaker than 30% ethanol section. The water and 95% ethanol sections showed a certain extent of preventive effect on anti-osteoporosis, and the effects of polysaccharide group were inapparent.Objective:To investigate the pharmacological effects of Epimedii Folium and its different extacted constituents on the rats with RA-induced osteoporosis.To screening the most active constituent., Methods: With building animal model of osteoporotic rat induced by RA, different constituents extracted from Epimedii Folium affected the content of Ca2+,P3+,ALP,Str ACP,BCG and E2in serum were measured, and on the calcium and phosphate of bone,mass-ratio of in bilateral femur, ash to dry ratio in unilateral were evaluated. The thigh-bone morphological was observed through histomorphology., Results: The 30%alcohol section can significantly increase the content of Ca2+,P3+in model rats, promote the level of E2in serum, and decrease the content of Str ACP,BCG and P3+in serum, significantly raise the mass-ratio of in bilateral femur, and ash to dry in unilateral. The entire ingredient section can significantly increase Ca2+,mass-ratio of in bilateral femur, and ash to dry in unilateral, decrease ALP and P3+in serum. In comparing with other groups, except for the positive control group, the observation of histomorphology exhibit that the 30%alcohol section improved the pathomorphism of bone most obviously and significantly increased the density and space of trabecular, with discontinuous spongy bone existing in local gusongzhiincus buttress. The sequence for anti-osteoporosis was 30%alcohol section>entire ingredien>water section>95%alcohol section>polysaccharide., Conclusion: The 30%alcohol section manifests the most significant effect on anti-osteoporosis. The entire ingredient section also has a certain degree of effect on anti-osteoporosis but weaker than 30%alchol section. The water and 95%alcohol sections show a certain extent of preventive effect on anti-osteoporosis, and the effects of polysaccharide group are inapparent.

Objective: To explore the effects of different fluid resuscitation regimens on oxygen metabolism during shock stage of burn injury in swine., Methods: Twelve Bama miniature swines were divided into crystal and colloid group (Group 1) and Parkland group (Group 2) according to the random number table. The swine models of burns shock were established. The fluid resuscitation was begun at post injury hour (PIH) 2 according to Chinese formulation or Parkland's formulation, respectively. The blood pressure, urine volume, heart rate, central venous pressure (CVP), pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) were recorded. The liquid volume was calculated at the first and second PIH 24. The changes in oxygen delivery (DO2), oxygen consumption (VO2), oxygen extraction (O2Ext) and D-lactate (D-LA) were determined before injury and at PIH 4, 8, 24, and 48. Statistical analyses were performed., Results: There were no statistical differences between the two groups in blood pressure, urine volume, heart rate, CVP, PCWP in every interval (all P>0.05). The resuscitation liquid volume in the two groups during the first and second PIH 24 conformed to the domestic consensus. The VO2 at PIH 8 was significantly higher than that of pre-burn in both groups [(190±29) vs (83±42) L·min(-1)·m(-2,) (149±33) vs (85±15) L·min(-1)·m(-2,) both P<0.05], and the VO2 at PIH 8 was significantly higher in Group 1 than that in Group 2 (P<0.05). The DO2 at PIH 24 in Group 1 was significantly lower than that in Group 2 [(686±72) vs (853±81) L·min(-1)·m(-2,) P<0.05]. There were no significant differences between the two groups in O2Ext at any time points (all P>0.05). The D-LA at PIH 8 was significantly higher in Group 1 than that in Group 2 [(53±4) vs (45±6) mmol/L, P<0.05]., Conclusion: There are no significant differences in the resuscitation effects of the crystal and colloid resuscitation regimen and Parkland's formulation on oxygen metabolism during shock stage of burn injury in swine.

Objective: To study the diversity of cultivable actinobacteria in Xinghu wetland and screen actinobacteria with a pharmaceutical potential for producing biologically active secondary metabolites., Methods: We studied the diversity of actinobacteria isolated from Xinghu wetland by using different selective isolation media and methods. The high bioactive actinobacteria were identified and further investigated for the presence of polyketide synthases (PKS-I, PKS-II), nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPS), 3-amino-5-hydroxybenzoic acid synthases (AHBA) and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl Coenzyme A (HMG CoA) sequences by specific amplification., Results: More than 300 actinobacteria were isolated, and 135 isolates were selected on the basis of their morphologies on different media and were further characterized by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The isolates belonged to 7 orders, 10 families, 13 genera, Streptomyces was the most frequently isolated genus, followed by the genera Micromonospora and Nocardia. Twenty-four isolates showed high activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, but there no strain displaying antagonistic activity against Salmonella sp. High frequencies of positive PCR amplification were obtained for PKS-I (16.7%, 4/24), PKS-II (62.5%,15/24), NRPS (16.7%, 4/24), HMG CoA (29.2%, 7/24) and AHBA (12.5%, 3/24) biosynthetic systems. High Performance Liquid Chromatography showed that strain XD7, XD114, XD128 produce lots of secondary metabolites., Conclusion: This study indicated that actinobacteria isolated from Xinghu wetland are abundant and have potentially beneficial and diverse bioactivities which should be pursued for their biotechnical promise.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between the microbial community structure of soil actinomycetes and geochemical characteristics in Xinghu wetland sediments., Methods: The diversity and composition of the actiniobacterial community in sediments collected from 10 locations were studied using PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. Canonical correspondence analysis was carried out to examine the relationship between environmental variables and actinobacterial community composition., Result: There were significant differences among the Shannon-wiener index, Richness and Evenness. Similarity analysis of actinobacteria communities in different station showed certain trends in similarity coefficients, and actinobacteria community structure similarity of the same transect was much higher than others. According to the results of sequence analysis of DGGE dominant bands belonged to the orders Nocardioidaceae, Streptomycetaceae, Micromonosporaceae, Micrococaceae, Cellulomonadaceae and Promicromonosporaceae. Canonical correspondence analysis showed that sediment water-soluble organic carbon and available phosphorus were identified as the key factor in regulating the variations of actinobacterial community composition., Conclusion: Xinghu Wetland is the potential place for actinobacteria diversity. This study provides fundamental data for further studies of the underline mechanisms of structure microbial groups and the isolation of actinobacteria strains of interest.

Objective: To explore the effects of different fluid resuscitation regimens on vascular permeability during burn stage in swines., Methods: A total of 24 Guangxi-BAMA miniature swines were numbered from 1 to 24 and randomly divided by EXCEL 2007 into 4 groups of succinylated gelatin, hydroxyethyl starch (HES 130/0.4), Parkland (lactated Ringer's solution) and allogeneic plasma (n = 6 each). The model of severe burn shock was established. And fluid resuscitation therapy was applied according to the established regimens of burn shock fluid resuscitation. The parameters of heart rate, blood pressure, urine volume, central venous pressure (CVP) and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) were recorded. Blood samples were collected prior to burns and at intervals of 4, 8, 24 and 48 h post-burns. The plasma colloidal osmotic pressure was measured. Evens blue was intravenously injected at 30 min before sacrificing. Then lung tissue samples were obtained and pulmonary vascular permeability index (PMPI) was measured. Statistical analyses were performed., Results: All swines survived shock stage. The inter-group comparison revealed no statistical difference in heart rate, blood pressure, urine volume, CVP or PCWP. The plasma colloidal osmotic pressures (mmHg, 1 mmHg = 0.133 kPa) of four groups at each interval were as follows: (1) pre-burn: 25.4 ± 1.0, 25.9 ± 0.9, 25.5 ± 1.1, 25.0 ± 1.0; (2) 4 h: 24.3 ± 1.0, 25.6 ± 0.9, 13.2 ± 0.5, 25.0 ± 1.1; (3) 8 h: 23.3 ± 0.8, 25.2 ± 1.2, 12.7 ± 0.5, 24.0 ± 0.9; (4) 24 h: 22.0 ± 0.8, 23.1 ± 1.0, 12.4 ± 0.4, 23.3 ± 0.8; (5) 48 h: 22.3 ± 0.8, 24.1 ± 0.8, 18.1 ± 0.4, 23.5 ± 0.9. No statistically significant differences existed at the intervals of pre-burn between four groups (all P > 0.05). The HES 130/0.4 group at 8 h was significantly higher than that of allogeneic plasma group at the same interval (P < 0.05). The Parkland group at 4, 8, 24, 48 h were significantly lower than those of allogeneic plasma group (all P < 0.05). The succinylated gelatin group at 8, 24, 48 h, the HES 130/0.4 group at 8, 24, 48 h, the Parkland group at 4, 8, 24, 48 h and allogeneic plasma at 8, 24, 48 h decreased versus those at pre-burns (all P < 0.05). No statistically significant differences existed in pulmonary vascular permeability between the groups of succinylated gelatin (7.6 ± 0.9) µg/g, HES 130/0.4 (7.9 ± 1.8) µg/g, and allogeneic plasma (7.6 ± 1.2) µg/g, but all lower than the Parkland group (26.1 ± 2.3) µg/g (all P < 0.05)., Conclusions: Natural colloid or artificial colloid (HES 130/0.4 or succinylated gelatin) have similar effects on vascular permeability in swines with severe burns during shock stage. Both are superior to the Parkland group.

Objective: To investigate the influence of high glucose on Porphyromonasgingivalis (Pg) lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulating human gingival fibroblasts (HGF) to secret the cytokines., Methods: HGF were obtained from the primary culture of the tissue explants. Cells were divided into four groups, low glucose (5.5 mmol/L) + 1 mg/L Pg LPS (group A);low glucose + 10 mg/L Pg LPS (group B); high glucose (25 mmol/L) +1 mg/L Pg LPS(group C); high glucose+10 mg/L Pg LPS (group D). The levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in cell supernatants were detected by enzyme- linked immunosorbent assay at 6 h and 12 h. The expressions of toll-like receptor 2, 4 (TLR-2, 4) were examined by real-time polymerase chain reaction. After pretreatment with anti-TLR2 and anti-TLR4 monoclonal antibody in HGF, TNF-α and L-1β levels were detected., Results: TNF-α concentration increased obviously in high glucose 6 h and 12 h after Pg LPS stimulation (P < 0.01). IL-1β secretion increased (P < 0.01). Meanwhile, TLR2, 4 mRNA expression increased, especially in high glucose+10 mg/L Pg LPS (P < 0.01). After inhibition of the TLR2, 4 in high glucose + 10 mg/L Pg LPS respectively, TNF-α level [(297.16±11.49), (390.01±12.81) ng/L] decreased (F = 166.02, P < 0.01), and IL-1β level [(49.90±4.08), (99.35±5.01) ng/L] also decreased (F = 153.51, P < 0.01)., Conclusions: High glucose may promote Pg LPS to stimulate the secretion of TNF-α and IL-1β through regulating TLR2, 4 expression, which suggests that the elevating blood glucose precipitate in aggravating the process of periodontal disease.