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In recent decades, environmental problems caused by mining have become increasingly prominent, and environmental cases of heavy metal pollution were common. In this study, the water environment of Guohelada River in Leibo Shangtianba phosphate mining area, Sichuan Province was studied. The water and water sediment samples were collected. The concentration of arsenic, cadmium, cobalt, chromium, mercury, copper, zinc and lead in water sediments was measured. The degree of heavy metal pollution and potential ecological risk were evaluated by the method of accumulation index and potential ecological hazard index. Hydrochemical analysis indicated that the water body was HCO3--Mg2+-Ca2+ type water, and the controlling factor was rock weathering. The geoaccumulation index indicated that the primary pollution was As and Cd. The evaluation of potential ecological hazard index method shows that As, Cd ecological hazard is very strong, Hg ecological hazard is medium, and other heavy metals ecological hazard is slight. The correlation between As and Hg showed good correlation. Both the geoaccumulation index and the spatial distribution of potential ecological hazards show that the areas with high pollution degree and high ecological risk are located in the upper and middle reaches of the river. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]