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The security analysis of TWINE against the ciphertext-only fault analysis was proposed. The secret key of TWINE could be recovered with a success probability at least 99% using a series of distinguishes of SEL MLE, HW, GF, GF-SEI, GF-MLE, Parzen-HW, MLE-HE, HW-HE and HW-MLE-HE. Among them, the novel proposed distinguishes of MLE-HE, HW-HE and HW-MLE-HE can effectively reduce the faults and improve the attack efficiency in simulating experiments. It provides a significant reference for analyzing the security of lightweight ciphers in the Internet of Things. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The neurotrophin-tyrosine receptor kinase B (TrkB) signaling pathway plays an important role in regulating the balance of excitation and inhibition in the primary visual cortex (V1). Previous studies have revealed its mechanism of regulating the level of cortical excitability by increasing the efficiency of excitatory transmission, but it has not been elucidated how TrkB receptors regulate the balance of excitation and inhibition through the inhibitory system, which in turn affects visual cortex function. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate how the TrkB signaling pathway specifically regulates the most important inhibitory neuron-PV neurons affects the visual cortex function of mice. The expression of TrkB receptor on PV neurons in the V1 region was specifically reduced by the virus, the functional changes of inhibitory and excitatory neurons in the primary visual cortex were recorded by multi-channel electrophysiological in vivo . The orientation discrimination ability of mice was tested by behavioral experiments, and altered orientation discrimination ability of mice was tested by behavioral experiments. The results showed that reduced expression of TrkB receptors on PV inhibitory neurons in primary visual cortex significantly increased the response intensity of excitatory neurons, reduced the orientation discrimination ability of inhibitory and excitatory neurons, and increased the signal-to-noise ratio, but the orientation discrimination ability at the individual level in mice showed a decrease. These results suggest that the TrkB signaling pathway does not modulate the function of PV neurons solely by increasing excitatory transmission targeting PV neurons, and its effect on neuronal signal-to-noise ratio is not due to enhancement of the inhibitory system.

Objective: To construct a three-dimensional (3D) liver model of Wuzhishan mini-pig for virtual liver surgeries., Methods: The biliary tree and hepatic arteries of Wuzhishan mini-pig were perfused with perchloroethylene and ethyl acetate along mixed with lead oxide, and the hepatic vein and portal vein were perfused with a mixture of dental base acrylic resin and lead oxide. The sectional images were acquired using a 64-slice spiral CT, and the 3D models of the portal vein, hepatic vein, biliary tree, hepatic arteries, and liver parenchyma were reconstructed using Mimics software; the resection image of the liver was also designed. The intrahepatic vascular cast was prepared by corroding the soft tissue with hydrochloric acid., Results and Conclusion: The intrahepatic vascular cast obtained fully retained the vascular architecture and displayed the fifth- and sixth-level branches of the hepatic vein and portal vein and the third- and fourth-level branches of the artery and bile duct. The 3D model of liver allowed stereoscopic and accurate display of the third- and fourth-level branches of the hepatic vein and portal vein and the second- and third-level branches of the artery and bile duct. The 3D model showed fewer branches but represented the structural distribution identical to the cast. The 3D model could clearly display the spatial relationship between the vasculature and the soft tissue in virtual resection of the liver tissues, and thus provides a useful model for training of laparoscopic liver resection.

Objective: To analyze the mutations of BRCA1 in 9 Chinese familiar breast cancer patients., Methods: Peripheral blood samples were obtained from 9 patients enrolled from 9 breast cancer families, one normal control, 32 sporadic breast cancer patients and 33 normal donors. DNA extracted from lymphocytes was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The 22 exons and partial introns of BRCA1 were screened by PCR-denaturing high performance liquid chromatography (PCR-DHPLC) and confirmed by direct sequencing., Results: Among these 9 familiar breast cancer patients, a deleterious mutation was detected in one case in exon 11 (3870delTGTC) which was a 4-base deletion and caused a frameshift in turn. One novel and unique amino acid substitution (E867R) was detected in one case. Eight patients were detected to have a known variation in intron 18 (IVS18 + 65G-->A), and the ratio of this variation detected was 88.9% (8/9). The ratio of this variation was 37.5% (12/32) in sporadic breast cancer patients or 33.3% (11/33) in normal control. This variation was found to be accompanied all the time with a known missense variation in exon 11 (P871L) and a polymorphism in intron 9 (IVS8-57delT). Those three variants were also detected in homozygous in one case, which implies the linkage of the 3 sites. The linkage had not been reported. Two patients had been found with a known polymorphism in exon 13 (S1436S). Another known polymorphism was found in one case (L771L). In addition, intronic variants (IVS2 + 48C-->T, IVS2 + 133C-->T, IVS12 + 112C-->A) were detected., Conclusion: The mutations of BRCA1 in Chinese familiar breast cancer patients are different from the hot spots reported in Caucasian and Jewish. It is important that further study be conducted to seek for specific mutations of this gene or other possible relevant genes in Chinese familiar breast cancer patients.

Objective: To determine the prevalence of Mycoplasma hyorhinis in archived paraffin-embedded gastric cancer tissue and to find whether Mycoplasma hyorhinis infection can influence gene expression level in gastric cancer cells., Methods: A high-dense tissue microarray containing 105 gastric cancer samples, 101 benign margin samples and 62 non-cancerous gastric disease samples resected during operation was constructed. PD4, a specific anti-Mycoplasma-hyorhinis Mab, was used to detect the infection rate in all the samples in the tissue microarrays immunohistochemically. Then, cDNA microarray was used to pinpoint differentially the expressed genes between gastric cancer cell line MGC803 samples with and without Mycoplasma hyorhinis infection., Results: The infection rate of M. hyorhinis was 54.1% 53/98 in gastric cancer samples, 51.7% 45/87 in benign margin samples, and 15.8 % 9/57 in non-cancerous disease samples respectively. The difference of infection rates between gastric cancer and non-cancerous gastric disease was statistically significant (P = 0.001). Highly differentiated adenocarcinomas had more opportunity (84.6%) to be infected with M. hyorhinis than poorly differentiated ones (45.9%)(P < 0.05). Intestinal type of gastric cancers (according to Lauren's classification) got the infection more often than diffused type. About 409 gene expression alterations were detected in 48 000 sites from two gastric cancer cell lines and the expression levels of some genes correlating with cell apoptosis and cell adhesion were down regulated after Mycoplasma hyorhinis infection., Conclusion: The infection rate of M. hyorhinis is significantly higher in gastric cancer than in other gastric diseases, thus indicating the association between Mycoplasma infection and gastric cancer. Mycoplasma hyorhinis infection influences the gene expression level in gastric cancer cell line MGC803, which indicates that the infection could have something to do with the process of gastric cancer. The question whether M.hyorhinis has oncogenic potential remains to be elucidated.

Objectives: To summarize the clinical experience of preoperative intraarterial chemotherapy (PRAC) and evaluate the long-term results of multimodality against colorectal cancer., Methods: Seldinger procedure was used to intubate the tube to the artery branch which supplied blood to the tumor. The tumor was imaged to make sure the diagnosis and irrigate the chemotherapeutic drugs. Ten days after PRAC, the patients received radical operation and 6 chemotherapeutic courses with FCF regimen. Concurrent patients receiving surgical treatment yet no PRAC therapy were chosen as controls., Results: One-year survival rate was 93.05% in the PRAC group and 80.78% in the controls (P = 0.023). COX multivariate analysis was used to analyse the prognostic factors. Dukes'staging and the PRAC prescription or not were found to be independent prognostic factors of colorectal cancer patients. Patients in the PRAC group survived longer than those in the control group., Conclusion: PRAC can improve the survival of colorectal cancer patients.

Background: To evaluate the significance of flow cytometry (FCM) in the analysis of multi-drug resistance of doxorubicin., Methods: The level of doxorubicin or Rh-123 in S-180R and BGC-823/DOX, which were two cell lines with different drug resistance, was measured by FCM comparatively and continuously., Results: The total fluorescence profile peaks of S-180R, a high resistant cell line, were predominantly different from those of S-180, the parent cell line, by the FCM analysis. The subtle fluorescence profile differences between BGC-823/DOX (a low resistant cell line) and the parent cell line were quantitatively measured on the FCM map. The changes of each resistant cell fluorescence from the S 180R cells could be displayed by continuous tests, the more near the fluorescence level of each cell was, the more the fluorescence pike of whole cells centralized., Conclusions: FCM is a sensitive, accurate and quantitative test in the analysis of doxorubicin drug resistance.