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Objective The Cruise Home Port Station on Chongqing Rail Transit Line 9 is constructed from in-situ expansion of the existing interval tunnel (including a connecting passage). Due to the complex geological conditions, the initial stress field of surrounding rock, and the structure of the existing interval tunnel, analysis and research of the complex mechanical behavior of the interval tunnel during construction is essential to ensure engineering safety. Method After outlining the overview of the excavation project, a three-dimensional finite element numerical model, utilizing an anisotropic jointed rock mass elastoplastic model, is established. The model geometric features, geological characteristics, structural features, and procedural characteristics are further determined. Three measurement lines (connecting passage centerline, left-line large-mileage interval tunnel centerline, right-line small-mileage interval tunnel centerline) are selected for analyzing land subsidence above these three lines and deformation around the left-line and right-line tunnels. Simulation values are compared with measured values to study the deformation characteristics of surrounding rock and structure during the construction process of interval tunnel expansion and excavation. Result & Conclusion The comparison of model-simulated and construction-measured results indicate that the established finite element model is reasonable. The connecting passage expansion and excavation construction leads to a significant increase in convergence deformation around the tunnel, with the maximum deformation occurring at the intersection of the existing connecting passage and the construction main tunnel. Therefore, backfilling with spoil inside the connecting passage is recommended to ensure the safety and smooth implementation of tunnel excavation construction.

With the gradual implementation of China’s deep-earth engineering strategy, deep resource extraction and underground space construction have brought in some new opportunities, but they also face many challenges, with extreme geological conditions such as high geopathic stresses, high ground temperatures and hard rock bodies popping up all the time. Rock breaking technology is the main engineering activity for all resource extraction and underground space construction, and it is the main factor determining the construction process and engineering efficiency. Under extreme geological conditions, tool-based rock breaking technology has become a key technical bottleneck to affect the smooth implementation of deep-earth engineering strategy due to fast tool wear and low rock breaking efficiency. In order to solve the problem of high-efficiency rock breaking in deep-earth and to guarantee the smooth implementation of deep-earth engineering strategy, there is an urgent need for a revolutionary rock breaking technology. As an important supplement to the tool-based breaking technology, the non-tool rock breaking technology is a feasible solution to break through the bottleneck of the tool-based breaking technology. To this end, the non-tool rock breaking technology is summarized into three types of technological systems, namely, impact rock breaking, thermal stress rock breaking and erosion and abrasion rock breaking. Sixteen types of rock breaking technologies, such as water jets, lasers and abrasive air jets, etc., are systematically analyzed. Also, the history of the development of each technology and their technical principles are summarized, and the advantages of the rock breaking and the technological bottlenecks are analyzed. It is concluded that the main reasons why the current non-tool rock-breaking technologies are not widely used in resource extraction and underground space construction are high energy consumption, poor adoptability and complex technical equipment. Compared with tool-based breaking, non-tool breaking technology has a lower energy utilization rate for breaking rock. The specific energy consumption of water jet breaking is 40−70 times that of a tool breaking. Microwave, laser and plasma technologies require high-standard operation environment and cannot be applied in drilling, tunneling and other restricted and harsh environments. In order to solve the problem of rock breaking in extreme geological conditions, the idea of synergistic rock breaking by multiple non-tool rock breaking technologies is proposed, giving full play to the technological advantages of each non-tool rock breaking technology. The rock breaking concept of unloading high geo-stress by jet slit and breaking hard rock by particle impact volume is constructed to minimize the energy consumption of rock breaking, simplify the system equipment, and provide a theoretical support for the development of non-tool rock breaking technology.

Water content is a key factor influencing the seed cryopreservation, but its effecting mechanism is not fully understood. In order to explore the effect and way of water content on the viability of seed cryopreservation on viability, Malus × robusta seeds with different water contents were obtained by silica gel. The seed viability, sugar content and related enzyme indexes before and after cryopreservation were measured and correlation analysis were done. The results were as follows: (1) After 15 days of cryopreservation, the viability of seeds with different water contents was different, and the viability of seeds showed a trend of increasing and then decreasing as the water content of seeds decreased, and the seeds with 9.02% water content had the highest germination rate, at 53.33%. But after 120 days of cryopreservation, the viability of seeds increased as the water content decreased, and the seeds with 6.40% water content got the highest germination rate, at 27.78%. This indicates that the water content of Malus × robusta seeds has a significant effect on the viability after cryopreservation. It is affected by the storage time in liquid nitrogen, and the optimum water content decreases as the storage time extended in liquid nitrogen. (2) Correlation analysis showed that there was a significant negative correlation between water content and viability (r=-0.82). There was significant negative correlation with fructose and sucrose content, acid invertase, fructokinase, while seed germination rate was significantly positive correlation with these indexes, suggesting that water content affects the contents of sucrose and fructose through effecting the activity of acid converting enzymes, which in turn affects sucrose metabolism to respond to low temperature and dehydration stress, ultimately leading to differences in viability. The seed viability was also affected by fructose metabolism through fructose kinase. Besides, alginate was one of the important regulatory substances of Malus × robusta seed in response to water and low temperature stresses. In summary, water content has a significant effect on the viability of Malus × robusta seeds cryopreservation through the combined effects of sucrose and fructose metabolism. This study provides a theoretical reference to further explore the cryopreservation mechanism of seed.

To explore the effect of different thawing methods on the quality of frozen stripped-walnut kernel, the walnut kernel was soaked in warm water to remove the inner seed coat and then frozen as the test material. The color value, texture, free amino acids, VE, unsaturated fatty acids, rancidity index, volatile composition and microtissue structure of walnut after air thawing at room temperature, microwave thawing, refrigerator thawing at 4 ℃ and room temperature ultrasound thawing were measured. The results showed that the content of total free amino acids, VE, unsaturated fatty acids of stripped-walnut kernel after microwave thawing was higher, and the aroma of roasting was relatively stronger. However, the walnut kernel darkens, the oil oxidation was serious, and the pores between cells were relatively large. The walnut kernel color was the worst after thawing in air at room temperature, and the degree of oxidation was serious. After thawing at 4 ℃ and ultrasonic thawing at room temperature, walnut kernel brightness was higher, the texture was good, the total amount of free amino acids was significantly (P

Susceptibility evaluation is the basis of regional landslide risk early warning and stability analysis. Scientific and reasonable division of evaluation unit is the key to landslide susceptibility evaluation. For large-scale fine landslide susceptibility evaluation, the traditional slope unit division method based on hydrology and geomorphology generally results in low accuracy of the evaluation. In this paper, an improved slope unit method based on the slope geological environment is proposed. Dazhou Town was selected as an example and the obtained results from the proposed model were compared with the results from hydrological analysis method and curvature watershed method. The results show that the size uniformity of the evaluation units divided by the proposed method is better, and no fine units or deformed long strip units were generated. The overall morphological characteristics of the evaluation unit are more reasonable, and the morphological index is between 1 and 2, which generally presents circular-like or square-like shape. At the same time, the superposition degree between the results of the improved slope unit division and the range of the existing disaster boundary is the highest, which can better reflect the physical significance of landslide risk assessment. The proposed model has significant potential for improving the accuracy of regional landslide susceptibility evaluation.

In order to obtain high-quality Auricularia auricula glycoprotein and clarify its monosaccharide and amino acid composition, the process conditions of ultrasonic assisted alkaline extraction of Auricularia auricula glycoprotein were optimized by single factor experiment and response surface methodology, and the glycoprotein was separated and purified by AKTAgo purifier and DEAE GE Healthcare chromatographic column, and its monosaccharide and amino acid composition were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The optimum extraction conditions of Auricularia auricula glycoprotein were: ultrasonic time 90 min, material liquid ratio 1:90 g/L, ultrasonic power 200 W, pH8.4, extraction temperature 45 ℃, and the comprehensive score of glycoprotein extraction was 55.93. After separation and purification, the purity of the glycoprotein was 74.1% and the protein recovery rate was 37.5%. The monosaccharide composition of the glycoprotein was mainly glucose (9.95 mg/g) and mannose (5.24 mg/g), and the amino acids were mainly L-aspartic acid/L-asparagine (1.16 mg/g), L-phenylalanine (1.14 mg/g) and L-glutamic acid/L-glutamine (1.10 mg/g). Therefore, the ultrasonic alkali method can effectively improve the extraction efficiency of Auricularia auricula glycoprotein, and the Auricularia auricula glycoprotein contains acidic heteropolysaccharides and the necessary amino acids are complete, which provides a scientific reference for the in-depth research and application development of Auricularia auricula glycoprotein.

BackgroundDengue fever is a mosquito-borne disease transmitted by Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. Under the background of climate change, there are great challenges in the prevention and control of dengue fever, posing a serious health risk to the population.ObjectiveTo analyze the mechanism of temperature on dengue fever transmission and estimate the risk of dengue fever under different climate change scenarios by establishing a coupled human-mosquito dynamics model using Guangzhou as a research site, and to provide reference for adaptation to climate change.MethodsReported dengue fever cases and meteorological data from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2019 in Guangzhou were collected from Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention and China Meteorological Data Service Centre, respectively. The temperature data under three Representative Concentration Pahtyway (RCP2.6, RCP4.5, and RCP8.5) scenarios in 2030s (2031–2040), 2060s (2061–2070), and 2090s (2091–2099) were calculated by five general circulation models (GCMs) provided by the fifth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project. A dengue fever transmission dynamics (ELPSEI-SEIR) model was constructed to analyze the mechanism of temperature affecting dengue fever transmission by fitting the dengue fever epidemic trend from 2015–2019, and then the daily mean temperature under selected RCP scenarios for 2030s, 2060s, and 2090s was incorporated into the established dynamics model to predict the risk of dengue fever under different climate change scenarios in the future.ResultsFrom January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2019, a total of 4 234 cases of dengue fever were reported in Guangzhou, including 3741 local cases and 493 imported cases. The regression results showed that the model well fitted the dengue fever cases in Guangzhou from 2015 to 2019, and the coefficient of determination R2 to evaluate goodness of fit and the root mean squared error were 0.82 and 1.96, respectively. A U-shaped or inverted U-shaped relationship between temperature and mosquito habits could directly affect the number of mosquitoes and the transmission of dengue fever. We also found that temperature increase in most future scenarios could promote the transmission of dengue fever, and the epidemic period was significantly wider than the baseline stage. The epidemic of dengue fever would peak in the 2060s under the scenarios of RCP2.6 and RCP4.5. The estimated incidence of dengue fever was predicated to be highest in the 2030s and then decrease in the following years under RCP8.5, and in the 2090s, the incidence would decrease significantly, but the incidence peak would be earlier in each year, mainly from May to July.ConclusionTemperature can directly affect mosquito population and dengue fever transmission by affecting mosquito habits. The cases of dengue fever will increase under most climate scenarios in the future. However, the epidemic risk of dengue fever may be suppressed, and the epidemic season may be advanced under RCP8.5.

BackgroundIn recent years, the incidence of metabolic syndrome (MS) is increasing significantly in China. Some studies have found that temperature is related to single metabolic index, but there is a lack of research on associated mechanism and identifying path of the influence of temperature on MS.ObjectiveBased on the data of Guangdong Province, to investigate the effect of temperature on MS and its pathway.MethodsA total of 8524 residents were enrolled by multi-stage random sampling from October 2015 to January 2016 in Guangdong. Basic characteristics, behavioral characteristics, health status, and physical activity level were obtained through questionnaires and physical examinations, and meteorological data were obtained from meteorological monitoring sites. We matched individual data both with the temperature data of the physical examination day and of a lag of 14 d. A generalized additive model was used to explore the exposure-effect relationship between temperature and MS and its indexes, calculate effect values, and explore the effects of single-day lag temperature. Based on the literature and the results of generalized additive model analysis, a path analysis was conducted to explore the pathways of temperature influencing MS.ResultsThe association between daily average temperature on the current day or lag 14 day and MS risk was not statistically significant. When daily average temperature increased by 1 ℃, the change values of fasting blood-glucose (FBG), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were −0.033 (95%CI: −0.040-−0.026) mmol·L−1, −0.662 (95%CI: −0.741-−0.583) mmHg, −0.277 (95%CI: −0.323-−0.230) mmHg, and −0.005 (95%CI: −0.007-−0.004) mmol·L−1 respectively. The effects of average daily temperature on FBG, blood pressure, HDL-C, and waist circumference lasted until lag 14 day. The effects of daily average temperature on SBP and DBP were the largest on the current day. Daily average temperature of current day had direct and indirect effects on FBG and SBP. Temperature had an indirect effect on TG, and the intermediate variables were waist circumference and FBG, with an indirect effect value of −0.011 (95%CI: −0.020-−0.002). The indirect effects of daily average temperature on SBP, FBG, and TG were weak.ConclusionThere is no significant correlation between temperature and risk of MS, and daily average temperature of current day could significantly affected blood pressure and FBG with a lag effect. Daily average temperature of current day has indirect effects on FBG and TG.

BackgroundIt is projected that the frequency, density, and duration of compound hot extreme may increase in the 21st century in the context of global warming.ObjectiveTo explore the association between compound hot extreme and blood pressure, and identify sensitive populations.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional study. The study subjects were from six Guangdong Province Chronic Disease and Nutrition Surveys during 2002 through 2015. A questionnaire was administered to the participants with questions about demographic information, drinking and smoking status, and measurements on their height, weight, and blood pressure were also collected. We chose the data of May, September, and October to explore the association between compound hot extreme and blood pressure. Compound hot extreme means a hot day with a proceeding hot night. Daily meteorological data were obtained from China Meteorological Data Service Centre. We employed inverse distance weighting to interpolate the temperature and relative humidity values for each participant. A distributed lag non-linear model was used to estimate the association between compound hot extreme and blood pressure. Stratified analyses by sex, age, area, body mass index (BMI), smoking status, and drinking status were also performed to identify sensitive populations. A sensitivity analysis was conducted by adjusting the degrees of freedom for lag spline and removing relative humidity.ResultA total of 10967 participants without history of hypertension were included in this study. The average systolic blood pressure (SBP) was 120.8 mmHg and the average diastolic blood pressure (DBP) was 74.5 mmHg. The proportion of participants who experienced hot day, hot night, or compound hot extreme were 9.34%, 17.95% and 2.90%, respectively. Compared to hot day, hot night and compound hot extreme were related with decreased blood pressure, and the effect of compound hot extreme was stronger: the changes and 95%CI for SBP was −6.2 (−10.3-−2.1) mmHg, and for DBP was −2.7 (−5.2-−0.2) mmHg. Compound hot extreme induced decreased SBP among male, population ≥ 65 years, and those whose BMI < 24 kg·m-2, and their ORs (95%CIs) were −6.2 (−10.7-−1.6). −19.1 (−33.0-−5.1), and −6.7 (−11.8~−1.6) mmHg, respectively, and also decreased DBP among population ≥ 65 years, and its OR (95%CI) was −8.4 (−15.6-−1.1) mmHg. During compound hot extremes, participants living in rural areas showed decreased SBP and DBP, and the ORs (95%CIs) were −10.5 (−16.6-−4.5) and −4.4 (−7.7-−1.1) mmHg respectively, while those living in urban areas showed increased SBP, and the OR (95%CI) was 9.7 (2.9-16.5) mmHg. A significant decrease in blood pressure [OR (95%CI)] was also found in non-smokers [DBP, −3.7 (−6.6-−0.8) mmHg] and non-drinkers [SBP, −4.8 (−9.4-−0.2) mmHg; DBP, −3.4 (−6.0-−0.9) mmHg].ConclusionCompound hot extreme is negatively associated with SBP, and being male, aged 65 years and over, and having BMI < 24 kg·m−2 may be more sensitive to compound hot extreme.

Objective: To investigate the serum IL-1β levels and its influencing factors in patients with postherpetic neuralgia (PHN). Methods: A total of 145 patients with PHN and 40 healthy controls were enrolled in our hospital from January 2014 to January 2019. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect serum IL-1β levels. Single factor and logistic regression analyses were used to determine the influencing factors of serum IL-1β levels in patients with PHN. Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between serum IL-1β levels and VAS scores. Results: The serum IL-1β levels in PHN group were significantly higher than that in the controls [ (20.18±5.63) pg/mL vs (10.36±1.19) pg/mL, t=10.94, P

K49 and F-Ⅲ two kinds of different structure aramid fibers and their 5224A epoxy matrix composites were selected. The tension strength of single fiber, FTIR, XPS, DSC, SEM,mechanical and dielectrical properties was used to characterize the physicochemical properties of fibers and structure/wave-transmitting properties of composites. It is found that different fibers result in different changes under the same solar radiation condition. The obvious "self-shield" phenomenon is observed in K49 fibers,but there's no proof that F-Ⅲ has the same ability. A tension strength conservation rate of 82% is obtained after 400 hours solar radiation. F-Ⅲ fibers, by contrast, are sensitive to solar radiation and a conservation rate of 50% is obtained at the same condition. The decreased tension strength is due to physicochemical degradation on the surface of the fibers and the decrease of crystallinity degree. It is proved that solar radiation has no obvious effect on the properties of composites. The flexibility, ILSS and dielectric properties has little change. The tensile strength is slightly improved, and the compression strength is slightly decreased. A decrease of 11.8% is obse-rved on K49/5224A composites and 6.6% for that of F-Ⅲ/5224A. It is because of that the degrad-ation occurred on the surface of composites.

The process technology and the mechanical and electrical properties of the "metamaterial"structural absorbing composites were studied, in which metal periodic structure units were produced on the organic carrier film and then combined with medium. Through the breakthrough of key technologies involving producing different size metal periodic structure, the transfer of metal periodic structure, and optimizing process parameters, the "metamaterial" structural absorbing composite with good wave-absorbing and mechanical stabilities that contained multi-layer metal periodic structure was prepared. The "metamaterial" structural absorbing composite has a high broadband absorbing property in the frequency range of 2-18GHz.

Based on the geochemical characteristics of condensates and gases, in combination with geological background, the origin and formation of condensate and oil-gas accumulation mechanism of the deepwater Lingshui 17-2 gas field in the Qiongdongnan Basin, western South China Sea are discussed. The condensate from Lingshui 17-2 gas field has the features of low density, low wax content and high Pr/Ph value. The condensate is generated at mature stage while the co-existing gas is dominated by high mature gas. The oil and gas are derived from the Oligocene Yacheng Formation source rocks rich in terrestrial organic matter. The formation of the condensate is related not only to the source rock, but also to the later “gas-washing”. The light oil and gas which was generated at oil-window stage and accumulated in reservoirs have strong reaction of evaporation fractionation during “gas-washing” by high mature natural gas injected largely at later period. The Yacheng source rocks provided sufficient gas and some light oil, diapiric fractures formed migration paths for oil and gas, and two stages of hydrocarbons charged and accumulated. The Miocene Huangliu Formation turbidite sandstones lithologic trap and Paleogene structural trap close to source Kitchen in the central canyon have favorable oil-gas exploration potential. Key words: western South China Sea, deepwater area, Qiongdongnan Basin, Lingshui 17-2 gas field, condensate, petroleum accumulation mechanism

The aluminum matrix composites reinforced with the multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were fabricated by rotational friction extrusion (RFE) process and the microstructure, hardness and tribological property of the composites were investigated. The results show that the bulk composites with certain dimension can be fabricated by the RFE process. The microstructure of the composites appears as fine equiaxed grain after dynamic recrystallization and the quality is good. The MWCNTs are uniformly distributed in the composites. The hardness of the composites increases firstly and then decreases with the increase of MWCNTs. When the volume fraction of MWCNTs is about 4%, its hardness is about 20% higher than that of the original Al matrix material by RFE process. The lubrication and wear resistance of the composites are changed with the addition of MWCNTs. With the increase of the MWCNTs, the wear rate of the composites is decreased at first, and when the volume fraction of MWCNTs is more than 3%, the wear rate varies little. The wear mechanism is changed, which is from adhesion wear and mild abrasive wear to the delamination wear and abrasive wear with the increase of the MWCNTs.

JCIR Volume 6 Number 1 - Preface

In Commemoration of Our Dear Colleague and Friend

Introduction for the 2018 Special Issue of the Journal of China and International Relations.

The paper aims to provide a historical context for understanding the transition of China's development strategies from the "keeping a low profile" approach (Chinese: Tao Guang Yang Hui) during the past three decades to the current "striving for achievement" approach (Chinese: You Suo Zuo Wei) in recent years. The former lays a foundation for China's peaceful environment and economic success, while the latter represents a shift toward a more proactive foreign policy. The paper examines the two strategies from historical, regional and global perspectives and analyses the motivation behind China's current strategic repositioning. The author proposes an analytical lens of combining both Neo-Gramscian IR theory and the world system theory in order to comprehend the nexus between the accumulation and consolidation of China’s internal hegemony and its inevitable outward expansion. What are the implications of China's outward expansion of its global strategy? The author argues that Beijing's capital and hegemonic outward expansion represents a world system’s new round of capital and production relocation, which will dialectically enlarge or reduce "room for maneuver" and increase or decrease "upward mobility" for developing regions including Latin America. The paper concludes that it is in the political and economic interest of Latin America to seize the chance of this external "promotion by invitation" and to increase its upward mobility by finding the strategic convergence with China's global strategy.

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Background and Objective It has became a hotspot research about the target metastasis of malignant tumor in recent years. It has been proven that metastasis of malignant tumor is a nonrandom but highly-organized and selective process. The aim of this study is by analysing the expression of CC Chemokine Receptor 7 (CCR7) in pulmonary tumor tissue and metastasized lymph nodes in NSCLC, to explore the relationship between the expression of CCR7 in pulmonary tumor tissue and metastasized lymph nodes, and explore the significance. Methods SABC immunohitochemcal staining was used to investigate the expression of CCR7 by rabbit anti-human CCR7 monoclonal antibody, and the specimens were 17 cases of adenocarcinoma, 17 cases of Squamous cell Carcinoma, 12 cases of Adenosquamous Carcinoma, 4 cases of large cell carcinoma and 28 cases of metastasized lymph nodes of lung cancer. Negative control sections use 5 cases of inflammatory pseudotumor and 20 cases of normal lung tissue. Two independent pathologists observed all the specimens in the high power field (×400) of microscope by double blind method. Results 1. The expression of CCR7 in pulmonary tumor tissue was remarkably higher than normal lung tissue (P

Table of Contents

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Aiming at the issues of ant colony algorithm in solving large-scale traveling salesman problems (TSP), such as easily falling into local optima and slow convergence speed, an ant colony algorithm integrating adaptive clustering and mother ant guidance strategy (AMACS) is proposed. In the adaptive clustering process, firstly, an improved clustering method is used, which leverages the concepts of maximum-minimum distance and class density to obtain the optimal clustering results through an adaptive clustering strategy, and quickly obtains the optimized solution for each cluster. Next, the neighboring clusters are fused using a spider web fusion principle, effectively enhancing the accuracy of the initial solution. Additionally, the initial solution is optimized through the mother ant guidance strategy, which includes two components: path guidance and pheromone optimization. Path guidance sets the initial solution as the solution for the first generation, improving the stability of the algorithm; pheromone optimization involves stimulating the pheromone along the initial solution’s path, thereby enhancing the solution’s accuracy. Finally, a random recombination strategy is employed to reorganize and randomly stimulate the pheromones, helping the algorithm to escape local optima and improving the solution’s accuracy. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm not only ensures solution accuracy when solving large-scale TSPs but also improves the stability of the algorithm.

To meet the “peak carbon and carbon neutrality” targets, the gradual reduction of coal-fired electricity generation through the co-firing of coal and NH3 has emerged as a new pathway to achieve carbon reduction. However, the co-firing characteristics of coal and NH3 are not yet clear. Therefore, the coal/NH3 co-firing experiments were conducted based on a flat-flame burner to investigate the influence of ammonia blending ratio (E(NH3), 0−100%) and coal/NH3 injection methods (pre-mixed, non-pre-mixed) on combustion characteristics. Camera, flue gas analyzer, and thermocouples were used to observe flame morphology, gas composition, temperature distribution along the centerline heights above the burner (HAB), and measure the unburned carbon content in fly ash. The results showed that during the initial stage of combustion, the competition for O2 between coal and NH3 was more pronounced. The NH3 combustion in the combustion zone created a rich water vapor atmosphere. Under low E(NH3) conditions in pre-mixed combustion, CO reacted with OH, resulting in a decrease in CO concentration. On the other hand, under high E(NH3) conditions, NH3 preferentially reacted with O2, leading to an incomplete combustion of a significant amount of carbon. Additionally, the rich water vapor atmosphere promoted coal gasification reactions, resulting in a significant increase in CO concentration in the combustion reduction zone, reaching a maximum of 19773.05 mg/Nm3. However, this process altered the pore structure of the coke, increased the specific surface area of the coke, accelerated the combustion process of coal powder, and reduced the residual carbon content in fly ash from 13.90% (pure coal combustion) to 13.44% (E(NH3)=80%) under pre-mixed conditions. An early injection of NH3 reduced the preheating effect of NH3 combustion on coal powder and decreased the combustion intensity in the flame reaction zone. The addition of NH3 significantly increased the NOx emissions, and with increasing E(NH3), there was an initial increase followed by a decrease in NOx, with the peak concentration of NO occurring earlier. The unburned NH3 content and oxygen content were the main factors influencing the formation of N2O and NO2. Increasing the residence time of coal/NH3 combustion, reducing the unburned NH3 content, and creating a reducing atmosphere were effective ways to reduce NOx emissions. Under high E(NH3) conditions in pre-mixed combustion (E(NH3)≥80%, HAB=100 mm) and non-pre-mixed conditions, the CO2 percentage showed a decreasing trend with increasing E(NH3). Pre-mixed conditions with an E(NH3) range of 40% to 60% were more favorable for achieving low nitrogen, low carbon, and high-efficiency combustion of coal/NH3. The co-firing of coal powder with NH3 exhibited mutual promotion and restriction effects, requiring some effective measures based on specific circumstances to harness the promotion effect of coal/NH3 co-firing.

【Objective】In Free Space Optical (FSO) communication, atmospheric turbulence can cause a decrease in communication link performance.【Methods】In this paper, a polar coding channel coding scheme is proposed for this problem, and Monte Carlo algorithm is used to construct polar codes for Gamma-Gamma distribution atmospheric turbulence channels commonly used in FSO communication. By comparing the Block Error Rates (BER) of the proposed polar coding scheme, uncoded transmission, and Low Density Parity Check (LDPC) codes with similar code lengths under Gamma-Gamma distribution atmospheric turbulence channels.【Results】The simulation results show that when the Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) is greater than 6.7 dB in weak turbulence, 10.3 dB in moderate turbulence, and 11.5 dB in strong turbulence, the proposed polar coding scheme performs better than uncoded transmission. Compared with LDPC codes, under weak turbulence conditions, when the SNR is greater than 7.1 dB, the overall performance of the proposed polar coding scheme is better than that of LDPC codes. Under moderate turbulence conditions, when the SNR is greater than 10.6 dB, the overall performance of the proposed polar coding scheme is better than that of LDPC codes. Under strong turbulence conditions, when the SNR is greater than 12 dB, the overall performance of the proposed polar coding scheme is better than that of LDPC codes. In addition, it is found that when the code length is short, the code rate is low, and the decoding width is small, the proposed polar coding scheme has better performance.【Conclusion】The use of the proposed polar coding scheme effectively improves the atmospheric turbulence effect in FSO communication systems. Moreover, in the harsh atmospheric turbulence channel environment of moderate and high turbulence intensities, the proposed polar coding scheme exhibits more obvious advantages than LDPC codes. This indicates that polar codes have good development prospects in FSO communication.

To elucidate the interaction between carotenoids and human serum albumin (HSA) will provide theoretical basis for the development and utilization of active ingredients and the design and delivery of new drugs. In order to explore the interaction between carotenoids and HSA, fluorescence quenching effects of lutein (LUT), β-carotene (β-CA), lycopene (LYC) on HSA were analyzed by fluorescence spectroscopy, synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy and three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy. Finally, the binding site was determined by site Marker experiment and molecular docking. The results showed that LUT, β-CA, LYC could quench the endogenous fluorescence of HSA, and β-CA had the highest fluorescence quenching rate for HSA. The binding constant of LUT, β-CA, LYC to HSA was in the order of 104-106 L/mol, and the binding ability of β-CA to HSA was the strongest. Thermodynamic parameters showed that LUT, β-CA, LYC and HSA bind mainly through hydrophobic interaction. Synchronization and three-dimensional fluorescence showed that the interaction between LUT, β-CA, LYC and HSA could change the spatial conformation of HSA. Marker assay and molecular docking technique showed that LUT, β-CA, LYC was bound near Sudlow's site I of HSA. The experimental results showed that all three carotenoids could bind to HSA, which would be of great significance for the development, utilization and targeted delivery of carotenoid activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fanconi anemia (FA) is an inheritable disorder that presents with bone marrow failure, developmental anomalies, and an increased susceptibility to cancer. The etiology of this condition stems from a genetic mutation that disrupts the proper repair of interstrand DNA cross-links (ICLs). The resultant dysregulation of the DNA damage response mechanism can induce genomic instability, thereby elevating the mutation rates and the likelihood of developing cancer. The FA pathway assumes a pivotal role in safeguarding genome stability through its involvement in the repair of DNA cross-links and the maintenance of overall genomic integrity. A mutation in the germ line of any of the genes responsible for encoding the FA protein results in the development of FA. The prevalence of aberrant FA gene expression in somatic cancer, coupled with the identification of a connection between FA pathway activation and resistance to chemotherapy, has solidified the correlation between the FA pathway and cancer. Consequently, targeted therapies that exploit FA pathway gene abnormalities are being progressively developed and implemented. This review critically examines the involvement of the FA protein in the repair of ICLs, the regulation of the FA signaling network, and its implications in cancer pathogenesis and prognosis. Additionally, it explores the potential utility of small-molecule inhibitors that target the FA pathway.

In the processes of plants response to UV-B, the UV-B photoreceptor UVR8 (UV Resistance Locus 8) plays an important role in the regulation of photomorphogenesis, growth and metabolism of plants. To investigate the UV-B photoreceptors of Apocynum plant, this study is conducted to screen and bioinformatically analyze the UV-B photoreceptors UVR8 by the whole genome data of Apocynum venetum and A. cannabinum, and also to analyze the UVR8 gene expression pattern under UV-B stress treatment using transcriptome data. The results were as follows: (1) There were six UVR8 genes in A. venetum, and five UVR8 genes in A. cannabinum. The former was distributed on chromosomes 1, 7, 9 and 11, and the latter on chromosomes 1, 8 and 9. (2) UVR8 proteins were all hydrophilic stable proteins, localized in the nucleus, without transmembrane structure or signal peptides. The secondary structure consists mainly of extended strand, random coil, alpha helix and beta turn. The tertiary structures of AvUVR8b and AcUVR8a were most similar to that of Arabidopsis thaliana and were most closely related to Coffea arabica (CaUVR8) and C. eugenioides (CeUVR8). The gene and protein structures of Apocynum venetum AvUVR8b and A. cannabinum AcUVR8a were highly similar to those of AtUVR8. (3) The expression levels of AvUVR8b and AcUVR8a were up-regulated when the two Apocynum plants were treated with a certain dose of UV-B (17.52 kJ·m-2·d-1). It is speculated that in response to UV-B, the AvUVR8b in A. venetum and the AcUVR8a in A. cannabinum play a major role, respectively. (4) The analysis of cis-acting elements showed that the expression of UVR8 was regulated by light, temperature, moisture, oxygen and hormones. This study will lay a foundation for further research on the gene function of UVR8 in Apocynum, and provide clues to analyze the molecular mechanism of UV-B adaptation in the Apocynum.

In order to solve the problems of large internal storage and complex transfer steps in the microcontroller of OpenVX parallel processor, the method of using the associated memory to generate he initial address of microprogram is used to improve the utilization of control memory, and groups the execution conditions of each operation according to the idea of grouping parallel judgment, which improves the speed of generating transfer address. This is verified by mapping five types of image processing functions in OpenVX to this processor. The experimental results show that the above structure and method increase the utilization ratio of control memory by 38.7% and reduce the average number of transfer steps by 50%. Finally, the microprogram is optimized to make the whole system more efficient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This is an essay in the field of mineral processing engineering. Li2O grade of a spodumene ore in Xinjiang is 1.04%. The lithium-containing minerals are mainly spodumene, Lithium-Muscovite and montebrasite. The gangue minerals are mainly quartz, albite and potassium feldspar. Under the condition of grinding finness -0.074 mm content 79.4%, using self-developed collector EM-PN51, the concentrate productswith Li2O grade 5.36%, Nb2O5 content 0.071%, Ta2O5 content 0.044% and Li2O recovery rate 87.38%, Nb2O5 recovery rate 87.33%, Ta2O5 recovery rate 88.26% can be obtained bythe closed flotation circuit of one-roughing, one-scavenging, three-cleaning. The comprehensive recovery of several valuable components in spodumene ore is realized.

This is an essay in the field of mineral processing engineering. In order to comprehensively evaluate the feasibility of spodumene beneficiation of certain lithium tailings in Sichuan, the mineralogy study of the lithium tailings beneficiation process and the test study of the whole beneficiation process were carried out. Through MLA/AMICS automatic mineral analysis, LA-ICP-MS laser ablation in-situ analysis and other technical means, the mineral composition of the tailings sample and the occurrence state of lithium in the sample were found; On the basis of a series of exploratory tests, the lithium separation process of "grinding-desliming-floating" was determined. For the lithium tailings with a Li2O grade of 0.51%, the high-efficient spodumene collector EM-PN10 is used to obtain a flotation spodumene concentrate with a Li2O grade of 4.32% and a Li2O recovery of 60.23% through a closed flotation process of one roughing, one sweeping and four finishing. After the flotation lithium concentrate is subjected to high-intensity magnetic separation, a spodumene concentrate with a Li2O grade of 5.07% and a recovery of 59.21% (relative to the raw ore) is finally obtained. The recovery and utilization index of spodumene determined by the test can provide certain technical support for the utilization of this kind of spodumene tailings.

This is an essay in the field of process mineralogy. Rare metals such as lithium, beryllium, niobium and tantalum, as national strategic emerging resources, are mainly used in industrial fields such as national defense, aviation and aerospace, and have attracted the attention of geologists in recent years. A niobium tantalite deposit in Hubei Province is a niobium-bearing trachytic volcanic rock and pyroclastic rock deposit. In this paper, a systematic process mineralogical study is carried out on the ore. It is found that the main niobium-containing minerals in the ore are niobium iron ore, niobium iron rutile, hematite and limonite, ilmenite and pyrite. Niobium iron ore is the main recovered mineral for the separation of niobium concentrate. The embedded particle size of most niobium minerals is less than 0.04 mm, and the particle size of niobium iron ore is fine, mostly 0.5 ~ 8 μm. However, at 90% of -0.037 mm, the monomer dissociation can reach 71.11%. Magnetic separation can be considered to separate niobate and gangue minerals; Gangue minerals in the ore are mainly sericite and plagioclase, which are seriously argillized after grinding. Attention should be paid to the influence of mud grade material agglomeration on beneficiation test.

The Middle Permian Maokou Formation in the Sichuan Basin is an important natural gas payzone. Recently, Zhejiang Oilfield Company of CNPC obtained industrial gas flow of vertical well test 42×103 m3/d and horizontal well (well DB 1H) test 556×103 m3/d in the limy source rock gas reservoir of eyelid and eyeball- shaped limestone in the first member of the Maokou Formation in well DB 1, Da'an exploration area, western Chongqing. A breakthrough has been made in the unconventional gas exploration of argillaceous limestone in the southern Sichuan and western Chongqing area, showing good exploration prospects in this area. The eyelid and eyeball-shaped limestone in the first member of the Maokou Formation in the Sichuan Basin has the characteristics of self-generation and self-storage, continuous and stable distribution and high thermal maturity. The limestone of central gentle slope facies shows no water sensitivity or acid sensitivity, and is dominated by carbonate brittle minerals, which is ideal for acid-fracturing development. It is of great significance to study the characteristics and main controlling factors of the organic rich limestone reservoir. Taking well DB 1 as an example, this paper carried out a study on the petrology, sedimentology and reservoir characteristics of the first member of the Maokou Formation, and it is found that, deposited on the central gentle slope with frequent water activity and abundant organism, the dark gray to black micrite with high organic matter content has good physical properties. In general, submember c has better physical properties than submember a. The development degree of macropores in eyelid-shaped limestone is higher than that in eyeball-shaped limestone, and the development degree of micropores is not much different. The main pore types of the first member of the Maokou Formation include dissolution pores, fractures, clay mineral apertures and organic pores. The pores in clay minerals (mainly talc) and organic matters are mainly distributed in the eyelid-shaped limestone. Depositional process and diagenesis are the main factors controlling the development of the eyelid and eyeball-shaped limestone reservoirs. The central gentle slope facies controls the development and distribution features of the organic-rich micrites. Diagenesis as well as fracture and dissolution effects improve the reservoir capacity of limestone, which is critical for hydrocarbon accumulation. Stable and high yield commercial gas flow was obtained in the vertical wells and horizontal wells in the first member of the Maokou Formation which has high organic matter content in well DB 1 block in the western Chongqing area, indicating that the accumulation and occurrence conditions of limestone source rock gas are good in the first member of the Maokou Formation. It has two kinds of accumulation modes with self-generation and self-storage dominance and short distance aggregation of local structural bands, and has the characteristics of continuous distribution of gas reservoir and large resource scale. The "continuous gas reservoir: in the limestone source rock in the first member of the Maokou Formation has great exploration potential, which will become an important exploration target with good potential in the Sichuan Basin.

Objective To discuss diagnosis and treatment of Fournier's gangrene by analyzing the pathogenesis and progression of this disease - and summarizing its clinical symptoms - laboratory and imaging manifestations. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on 15 patients diagnosed with Fournier's gangrene in our research center and the incidence - progression treatment plan clinical symptoms- laboratory imaging results and prognosis were summarized and compared. Results Of all these patients - 13 patients were cured - 1 patient died - and 1 patient refused to continue treatment and was discharged automatically. The total cure rate was 86.67%. Three patients underwent penile skin grafting and eight underwent scrotoplasty. One patient underwent scrotal incision and drainage as well as the incision and drainage surgery on the right lumbar and back. After that- the right lumbar wound healed well - and stage II surgery was performed and part of drainage was gradually removed. Two patients underwent incision and drainage of perianal abscess at the same time as extended scrotal debridement followed by daily flushing with hydrogen peroxide and gradual removal of drainage tube. Among the patients receiving penile or scrotal skin grafting 8 patients had stage I healing after skin grafting while the other 3 patients had infection, necrosis and exudation in the area of skin grafting, which reached stage II and III healing after daily dressing change, washing and disinfection. Conclusion Fournier's gangrene is a disease with acute onset and rapid progression. Early diagnosis and treatment are very important. Thorough detrauma and drainage should be carried out in the early stage. Surgical operation combined with vacuum sealing drainage and hyperbaric oxygen can improve the cure rate of patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The experiment was to establish a simple, accuracy and reproducible method for rapid determination of starch content in feed. In the study, the gelatinized sample to be tested was added to Taka-Diastase and glucoamylase for enzymatic hydrolysis, and finally hydrolyzed to glucose. 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid was reacted with glucose in a strong alkaline solution and boiling water bath to generate a brown-red amino compound. The absorbance of the reaction solution was measured at 540 nm. The results showed that the amount of glucose and the absorbance of the reaction solution were linear, the correlation coefficient was 0.999 5, the relative standard deviation was less than 0.5%. There was little difference from those by optical rotation and enzymatic hydrolysis. The experiment indicates that the method that the experiment used is simple, rapid, accurate and reproducible, and can be used as a routine method for the determination of starch content in feed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]