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To improve the biomass and lipid productivity of the microalgae Chlorella pyrenoidosa-15, the carbon and nitrogen sources were screened to culture it heterotrophically. The best carbon and nitrogen sources were glucose and soy peptone, respectively. The carbon and nitrogen concentrations were optimized with the help of response surface design. The maximum biomass productivity was predicted to be 0.62 g x (L x d)(-1) with glucose and soy peptone concentrations of 17.53 g x L(-1) and 8.67 g x L(-1), respectively. The results of response surface design were validated with biomass productivity of 0.63 g x (L x d)(-1) and lipid content of 19.25%. The lipid productivity reached 121.3 mg x (L x d)(-1). In the research of Chlorella pyrenoidosa-15 cultured in non-autoclaved Beijing urban wastewater, the maximum algae biomass dry weight of 1.00 g x L(-1) was achieved with a lipid content of 24.12%. Results also showed that the treatment using Chlorella pyrenoidosa-15 effectively reduced the COD values and total nitrogen content in the wastewater, with a COD degradation rate of 80.9%, and a 69% decrease in total nitrogen content.