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Objective: To establish an analytical method for the determination of 37 kinds of fatty acid in milk powder by gas chromatography-hydrogen flame ionization detector (GC-FID). Methods: Infant milk powder samples were methylated by acetyl chloride-methanol method (10% acetyl chloride methanol solution in water bath at 80 ℃±1 ℃ for 2 h). The supernatant was collected by centrifugation, passed through a 0.22 μm organic filter membrane, and separated through SP-2560 (100 m×250 μm×0.2 μm). Then, the detection was operated by gas chromatography, and the external standard method was used for quantification. Results: The linearity of 37 kinds of fatty acid methyl esters was good in the concentration range of 0.002~0.2 mg/mL, and the correlation coefficients were all greater than 0.999. The recovery rate fell in 85.5%~100.0% for the low gradient, 91.2%~104.2% for the medium gradient, and 86.8%~103.8% for the high gradient. The precision was between 0.88% and 3.81%, and the actual sample determination results met the relevant standards. Conclusion: This method is a more rapid and better separation degree of fatty acid detection technology established on the basis of national standard, which has good practical value. The method has good stability, low cost, good reproducibility and high accuracy, and it is suitable for the determination of 37 kinds of fatty acid in infant milk powder.

In order to exploit the efficient computing power of many integrated cores on heterogeneous cluster, a multi-level and multi-granularity collaborative parallel computing method is proposed for finite element structural mechanical analysis. Computing tasks are divided into three levels; inter-node parallelism, inter-device parallelism and inter-core parallelism. Through mapping decomposable computing jobs to different hardware layers of heterogeneous MIC system, the proposed method not only effectively resolves the load balancing problem between CPU and MIC devices, but also significantly reduces the communication overheads of the system. Different engineering simulation case experiments for large scale parallel computing were conducted on "Tianhe 2" supercomputer. Up to 39000 CPU+MIC cores were employed and the finite element size of the analysis was more than 100 million units. Test results show that the proposed method can achieve good speedup and parallel computing efficiency in large scale parallel computing of finite element structural analysis. The optimized adaptation of finite element structural analysis and heterogeneous MIC computing platform is realized, which can provide reference for parallel porting and performance optimization of similar applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Selecting one presently popularized winter wheat cultivar (Zhengmai 9023) and two cultivars (Abo and Fengchan 3) introduced in the 1950s and 1960s in Huang-Huai Plain as test materials, and by using minirhizotron technique, this paper studied the live root length, root diameter distribution, and net root growth rate of the cultivars. Fine roots with a diameter from 0. 05 mm to 0.25 mm occupied the majority of the whole root system, and the fine roots with a diameter less than 0. 5 mm accounted for 98% of the live root length. The average root diameter varied with plant growth, the variation range being 0. 15 -0. 22 mm, and no significant difference was observed among the cultivars. The live root length was significantly positively correlated root number, suggesting that root number was the main factor for the increase of live root length. The most vigorous growth period of the roots was from reviving to jointing stage, and Abo and Fengchan 3 had a longer period increased root vitality, as compared with Zhengmai 9023. For Zhengmai 9023, its fine roots with a diameter more than 0. 1 mm had an increasing proportion after jointing stage, which was helpful for improving plant resistance, root activity, and grain-filling at late growth stages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studied the deployment of wireless sensor network in order to find the minimum number of nodes to complete monitoring. This paper proposed the model of packet reception evaluation by using statistical method discuss the condition of packet reception of wireless sensor network. It treated packet reception as positive effect, treated packet loss as negative effect, and analysed the number of deployment sensor when satisfied the need of deployment or accuracy requirement of monitoring could maximize the packet reception. Packet reception evaluation is suitable for allowing packet loss reality deployment. Experiments show that the proposed method can maximum network packet reception. Because packet loss seems unavoidable in reality deployment, the method has extensive realistic significance. The method can guide reality deployment and forms well operational wireless sensor network. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Colloids play a key role in the transference process of phosphorus (P) in soil. Activation and transference of soil colloidal phosphorus have great effect on soil P pool and the surrounding water quality. This paper summarized the current studies on soil colloidal P, discussing the effects of the various factors (e.g., soil physical and chemical properties, fertilization, rainfall and soil amendments) on the transference of soil colloidal P. Some advanced analysis technologies (e.g., flow field-flow fractionation, transmission electron microscope-energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer, X-ray absorption near-edge structure and nuclear magnetic resonance) and methods of reducing soil colloidal P were also involved. This review would provide important information on the mechanism of soil colloidal P transference. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solitary median maxillary central incisor (SMMCI) is a rare dental anomaly characterized by a symmetric central incisor of normal size, developed and erupted precisely in the midline of the maxilla in both primary and permanent dentitions. SMMCI may occur alone or be associated with other midline structures defects of the body or other systemic disorders. The best known association is holoprosencephaly (HPE). The paper reported a case of SMMCI that companied with other midline structures defects of the body. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PURPOSE: To explore whether orthodontic light force with self-ligating brackets can reduce the amount of external apical root resorption (EARR). METHODS: Thirty patients with Class I or II crowding malocclusion were selected. Four first premolars of all patients were extracted in orthodontic treatment. 15 patients were treated with self- ligating brackets (Damon 3MX) and 15 patients with conventional ligation brackets, respectively. Patients in two groups were comparable in gender, age, crowded degree and malocclusion classification at the commencement of treatment. EARR of the maxillary and mandible incisors was evaluated on panoramic radiographs and models taken before and after treatment, and measured in millimeters. Student's t test was performed using SPSS19.0 software package. RESULTS: Overall, no difference was found in the amount of EARR between the two groups. The amount of EARR in maxillary central incisor was (2.05 ± 1.51) mm in Damon group and (2.08 ± 1.21) mm in conventional group (P=0.973>0.05); (1.77 ± 1.01) mm in maxillary lateral incisor in Damon group and (1.91 ± 1.59) mm in conventional group (P=0.848>0.05); (2.06 ± 1.62) mm in mandibular central incisor in Damon group and (1.98 ± 1.50) mm in conventional group (P=0.926>0.05); (1.94 ± 1.45) mm in mandibular lateral incisor in Damon group and (1.84 ± 1.17) mm in conventional group (P=0.888>0.05). CONCLUSION: No difference should be expected for root resorption between self-ligating and conventional brackets in orthodontic extraction treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PURPOSE: To find a suitable interproximal enamel (IER) reduction method for clinical use by pH cycles ire vitro. METHODS: 50 human premolars extracted for orthodontic reasons were collected for the experiment. After removal of the roots, the crowns were split vertically into two halves with wafer-thin wheel blade. Then the 100 samples were randomly divided into 5 groups, 20 samples for each group. The enamel in each group was reduced with different IER methods: group I, stripping strip; group II stripping disk; group III, stripping strip with polishing system and 35% orthophosphoric acid; group IV, stripping disk with polishing system and 35% orthophosphoric acid; group V, no treatment control group. All the samples were treated with pH cycles in vitro for 30 days. The microhardness of enamel surface of all samples was detected by microhardness testing machine. The enamel surface morphology of microstructure was examined by scanning electron microscopy(SEM).The data was analyzed with SPSS 13.0 software package. RESULTS: ➀AN0VA detected statistically significant differences between groups. The post SNK-9 test showed that there was no significant difference between group I and group II, between group HI and group IV (P>0.05); But there was significant difference between group I and group HI, group I and group IV, group II and group HI, group II and group IV (P< 0.01). And there was significant difference between group I and group V, group H and group V, group III and group V, group IV and group V (P<0.05). ➁From naked eye and SEM, there was no distinct difference between the two chemical polishing groups, but better than the others. CONCLUSIONS: ➀There is no significant difference between strip and disk after IER. ➁Chemical polishing group is better than the others after IER. ➂The scratches of the enamel surface caused by IER are hardly repaired even after remineralization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solid state phosphorous is an important phosphorus speciation controlling the phosphorous bioavailability and mobility in the environment. Synchrotron-based X-ray absorption near-edge structure ( XANES) spectroscopy, with its unique advantage of being a non-destructive method in identifying the local chemical information of target element at molecular level in situ, has become one of the frontier technologies for characterizing the speciation of chemical substances and clarifying the microscopic mechanisms of chemical reactions, attracting extensive attention in the field of environmental chemistry. This paper briefly introduced the basic theory of phosphorus XANES spectroscopy , summarized the applications of XANES spectroscopy in the researches of solid state phosphorus speciation in minerals, soils, and organic fertilizers, and analyzed the challenges and prospects of the applications of XANES spectroscopy in identifying the solid state phosphorus speciation in the environmental samples. It was pointed out that XANES spectroscopy should combine with other microscopic spectroscopic techniques and macroscopic analytical methods, complementing each other, to provide a comprehensive and effective technical support for the research of the speciation characterization and transformation mechanisms of phosphorus in the environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to improve the inadquacy of the contour reconstruction of finite element analysis( FEA) model ,firstly, using two improved MC algorithms reconstruct a series of CT images of one tooth with Matlab, then, meshing the reconstructed model as finite element analyzed with ANSYS. This process has obtained more accurate analytical model, FEA model is more accurate and more practical, with good application value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In an experimental field with maize/soybean strip intercropping, the transpiration of maize and soybean plants was measured with sap flow gauge based on heat balance method. In the intercropping system, the diurnal change of the sap flow rates of the plants fitted single-peak curve in sunny day and multi-peak curve in cloudy day. The plant sap flow rates were affected by many environmental factors, among which, solar radiation was the most important meteorological factor. The daily sap flow per maize or soybean plant showed significant correlations with solar radiation, air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, and soil heat flux. During the observation period (June 1-30, 2008), the mean daily transpiration of maize plant (1.44 mm·d-1) was about 1.8 times of that of soybean plant (0.79 mm·d-1). Maize transpiration and soybean transpiration contributed 64% and 36% to the total transpiration of the intercropping system, respectively. Due to the spatial variation of stem diameter and leaf area, it would be necessary to install more sap flow gauges to accurately measure the sap flow of maize and soybean plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A meshless method for Helmholtz equations by collation with radial basis functions was structured, and the existence of only solution was given. The numerical solution of the Helmholtz equations was obtained by the new meshless method provided in this paper. Functions were obtained. The meshless method in this paper com- pared with the finite element method ,the other method of collation with radial basis functions, it will be more accurate and more valid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the unequal relationship between the executive and legislative branches of the United States government during times of international crisis. The power of the U.S. president as the commander-in-chief to make unilateral foreign policy decisions is seen as an exception to the rule of separation of powers in the United States. The balance of power is seen as shifting away from the U.S. Congress and to the president at such times, in the interest of protecting national security.

To improve the use efficiency of large-scale instruments and equipment, we have made many attempts, for example, to set up a technical advisory group with professors; to establish group management, and to call for "multiskill"; to implement strict reservation system of the machine; to set up the night shift system, to extend the service hours; entry tutorial system; to open seminars; to participate in the national metrology authentication actively. These measures improved the level of the laboratory in an aü-round way etc, and made Analysis & Testing Center become a unique public platform. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To determine the influence of rubber powder grade on performance of rubber asphalt, 8 rubber powder grade were selected for quantitative evaluation. Conventional performance, rheological performance, and bending creep stiffness tests were conducted based on different rubber powder grade to evaluate their effects on the conventional performance and high- and low-temperature performance of rubber asphalt. The microscopic properties of rubber asphalt with different rubber powder grade were analyzed through thermogravimetric analysis, fluorescence microscopy and solubility test. The results indicated that as the rubber powder grade became fi-ner, the penetration of the rubber asphalt increased, while the softening point and the viscosity decreased, and the ductility and storage stability improved. Coarser grade had a better effect on improving the high-temperature performance of the rubber asphalt, while finer grade had a better effect on improving low-temperature performance. There was a good correlation between the rubber powder grade parameters and the performance of rubber asphalt. The rubber asphalt with coarser grade exhibited better high-temperature stability, while the rubber asphalt with finer grade showed better compatibility and greater degradation in asphalt, thereby improving the storage stability of the rubber asphalt.

To solve the problem of insufficient durability of graphene film with nano-scale thickness in substrate protection， the self-healing process referring to the re-growth of graphene film after damage on a nickel-based surface was studied by heat treatment method. The characterization of microstructure and morphology showed that the graphene could grow again and repair the damaged surface under the conditions of a heat treatment temperature of 700 ℃and a holding time of 5 min. The results of friction test showed that the friction coefficient of the regrown graphene film was 0.05， which was 50%lower than that of the original nickel surface. Meantime， the mechanism of graphene regrowth was explored， and the driving force of graphene regrowth was described clearly. Generally， this research achievements provided experimental basis and theoretical explanation for graphene self-healing field.

With the gradual development and construction of oil and gas fields, the surface engineering technology is constantly improved. Herein, the major innovation achievements of CNPC in oil-gas field surface engineering were analyzed systematically. The progress of technologies such as oilfield gathering and processing, gas field gathering and processing, produced water processing, injection and production of gas storage, quality and efficiency improvement, standardized design, and integrity was clarified in detail. The situation faced by CNPC's oil and gas field surface engineering and the gap between China and foreign countries in gathering and processing technology of crude oil and natural gas were analyzed, and the developing trend of CNPC's oil and gas field surface engineering technology during the 14th Five-Year Plan period was put forward. Focusing on ensuring the national energy security and accelerating the transformation of energy structure, breakthroughs should be made in the surface bottleneck and intelligent key technologies that restrict the efficient development, the surface supporting technology for major development test should be improved and integrated, and the localization of key equipment should be cultivated in the future to form a process package with independent intellectual property rights, and develop the low-carbon core technologies, such as new energy substitution, CCUS and whole hydrogen energy industry chain technology. The research results could provide important reference for the green and low-carbon development of oil and gas field surface engineering.

Objective: This study aimed to fully develop and utilize the resources of passion fruits. Methods: The volatile flavor compounds at different brewing stages were analyzed by GC-IMS technology. Results: A total of 63 kinds of flavor compounds were identified, including 26 kinds of esters, 10 kinds of alcohols, 9 kinds of aldehydes, 7 kinds of ketones, 6 kinds of alkanes, 2 kinds of acids, 2 kinds of furans and 1 kinds of ether. Principal components analysis （PCA） showed that the cumulative difference contribution rate of the first two principal components （PC1 and PC2） was 81.2%, indicating that the volatile flavor substances changed significantly during the brewing process. The differential metabolites with VIP ＞ 1 obtained by orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis （OPLS-DA） combined with the relative odor activity value （ROAV ≥ 1） suggested that the critical flavor substances contributing to the aroma of passion beer included hexyl acetate （apple, cherry flavor）, isoamyl acetate （banana flavor）, ethyl butyrate （banana, pineapple flavor）, 1-penten-3-one, acetic acid isobutyl ester （floral）, 3-methylbutyraldehyde （almond almond）, ethyl 3-methylbutyrate （apple flavor） and dimethyl sulfide （seafood flavor）. Conclusion: Passion beer is rich in nutrition and with unique flavor, and has broad prospects for future market.

The features extracted by existing malicious Android application detection methods are redundant and too abstract to reflect the behavior patterns of malicious applications in high-level semantics. In order to solve this problem, an interpretable detection method was proposed. Suspicious system call combinations clustering by social network analysis was converted to a single channel image. Convolution neural network was applied to classify Android application. The model trained was used to find the most suspicious system call combinations by convolution layer gradient weight classification activation mapping algorithm, thus mining and understanding malicious application behavior. The experimental results show that the method can correctly discover the behavior patterns of malicious applications on the basis of efficient detection.

To solve basic ant colony algorithm's drawbacks of low convergence rate,easiness of trapping in local optimal solution,an improved ant colony algorithm based on natural selection was proposed.The improved algorithm employed evolution strategy of survival the fittest in natural lection to enhance pheromones in paths whose random evolution factor was bigger than threshold of evolution drift factor in each process of iteration.It could accelerate convergence rate effectively.Besides the introduction of random evolution factor reduced probability of trapping local optimal solution notably.The proposed algorithm was applied to classic TSP problem to find better solution for TSP.Simulation results depict the improved algorithm has better optimal solution and higher convergence rate.

The present study investigated the effect of Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata(RRP) on the energy metabolism of prefrontal cortex(PFC) of spontaneously hypertensive rats with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD) based on the &quot;static Yin and dynamic Yang&quot; theory.Thirty spontaneously hypertensive male rats aged 3 weeks were randomly divided into a model group, a methylphenidate(MPH) group(2 mg·kg~(-1)), and an RRP group(2.4 g·kg~(-1)).Wistar-Kyoto(WKY) male rats of the same age were assigned to the normal group.Rats were treated with corresponding drugs twice per day, and those in the model group and the normal group received the same volume of 0.9% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose(CMC-Na) solution by gavage.The open-field test was performed to evaluate the spontaneous and impulsive behaviors of rats before treatment and on the 4~(th) week after treatment.Four weeks after treatment, PFC was isolated and mitochondria were prepared.The content of adenosine triphosphate(ATP), adenosine diphosphate(ADP), and adenosine monophosphate(AMP) in the PFC was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC), and energy charge(EC) was calculated.The parameters related to mitochondrial respiratory function were measured by the Clark oxygen electrode, specifically, state 3 respiration(ST3), state 4 respiration(ST4), and respiratory control rate(RCR).Enzymatic activities of succinate dehydrogenase(SDH), cytochrome C oxidase(COX), Na~+-K~+-ATPase, and Ca~(2+)-Mg~(2+)-ATPase were measured by chemical colorimetry.Mitochondrial permeability transition pore(mPTP) opening was measured by spectrophotometry.Protein expression of glucose transporter 1(GLUT1) and GLUT3 in PFC was tested by Western blot.Compared with the results in the model group, RRP could significantly reduce the total distance of movement, vertical times, and distance in the central area in the open field test(P&lt;0.05 or P&lt;0.01), increase the content of ATP and EC, decrease the content of AMP(P&lt;0.05), elevate ST3 and RCR(P&lt;0.05), potentiate activities of SDH, COX, Na~+-K~+-ATPase, and Ca~(2+)-Mg~(2+)-ATPase(P&lt;0.05 or P&lt;0.01), inhibit the opening of mPTP, and increase the expression levels of GLUT1 and GLUT3 proteins(P&lt;0.05).It was inferred that RRP could inhibit hyperacti-vity and impulsivity by improving the energy metabolism disorder in PFC of ADHD rats, and its mechanism may be related to the improvement of mitochondrial respiratory function, potentiation of Na~+-K~+-ATPase, Ca~(2+)-Mg~(2+)-ATPase, and mitochondrial respiratory enzymes, inhibition of the opening of mPTP, and up-regulation of the expression of glucose transporter proteins.This study initially reveals the biological connotation of the &quot;static Yin and dynamic Yang&quot; theory in ADHD.

Purpose: To investigate the expression and significance of chemokines CCL21, E-selectins and heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) in periodontal tissues of rats with experimental periodontitis., Methods: Forty 10-week-old male Wistar rats were significantly randomly divided into 4 groups with 10 rats in each group. Periodontitis models were established in groups A, B and C, and the rest were 10 blank control groups. Rats in group A, B and C were sacrificed at 4, 8 and 12 weeks after basic periodontal treatment, and the periodontal tissues of the first and second molars were taken for CCL21, E-selectins and Hsp90 protein expression detection. SPSS 25.0 software package was used to analyze the data., Results: The levels of periodontal attachment in group A, B and C were higher than those in the control group(P<0.05). The levels of periodontal attachment, CCL21, E-selectins, Hsp90 mRNA and protein expression in periodontal tissues increased first and then decreased(P<0.05). The levels of periodontal attachment, CCL21, E-selectins, Hsp90 mRNA and protein expression in group B and C were significantly higher than those in group A(P<0.05). The levels of periodontal attachment, CCL21, E-selectins, Hsp90 and relative protein expression in periodontal tissues of group C were significantly lower than those of group B(P<0.05)., Conclusions: The expression of CCL21, E-selectins and Hsp90 is up-regulated in periodontitis tissues. With local periodontal treatment, the expression level of CCL21, E-selectins and Hsp90 gradually decreases.

The identification of the main inorganic nitrogen (MIN, referring to NH 4 + -N, NO 3 - -N, and NO 2 - -N) pollution sources in groundwater is of great significance to its control and repair. A review of the MIN sources in groundwater and the main identification methods was conducted. The main sources of MIN pollution in groundwater (atmospheric nitrogen deposition, soil natural organic nitrogen mineralization, nitrogen from streams, and nitrogen emission from human activity), and its distribution in China were expounded. The common methods for tracing MIN sources include hydrochemical analysis, statistical estimation, regional nitrogen balance evaluation, stable isotopes tracer, and new types of tracers. Because of the variety of nitrogen sources and the complexity of the MIN pollution formation mechanism, the single identification methods shared limitations in application, whereas more comprehensive ones, especially the stable isotope tracer integrated with other methods, were mainstream. Furthermore, future research prospects, including the development of new types of tracing methods, the optimization of quantification methods, the integration of research on pollution source identification, transformation mechanism, groundwater recharge and discharge condition, and groundwater-surface water conversion, have been put forward.

To observe the effect of Shudihuang on behaviors and expression of BDNF/TrkB and NRG-3 in prefrontal cortex and striatum of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) model rats. Thirty 4-week-old spontaneous hypertension rats (SHR) were randomly divided into model group, methylphenidate hydrochloride (MPH, 2 mg·kg⁻¹·d⁻¹) and Shudihuang group (2.4 g·kg⁻¹·d⁻¹). Another 10 Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats were selected as normal control group. The 0.5% CMC-Na solution was administered to model group and WKY rats (2 mL·kg⁻¹·d⁻¹). All of the rats were treated for 4 weeks. The open field test was performed at the 14th and 28th days after gavage, in order to evaluate the spontaneous and impulsive behaviors. Subsequently, gene and protein expressions of BDNF/TrkB and NRG-3 were tested by RT-qPCR and Western blot. Compared with model group, MPH and Shudihuang groups showed significant reduction in total distance, mean velocity and central distance in the open field test ( P <0.05), and Shudihuang group displayed a shorter central distance than MPH group ( P <0.05). RT-qPCR and Western blot analysis indicated that expressions of BDNF/TrkB and NRG-3 were lower in prefrontal cortex and striatum of SHR compared with WKY rats. Four weeks later after administration, both Shudihuang and MPH significantly elevated mRNA and protein expressions of BDNF/TrkB and NRG-3 ( P <0.05).In conclusion, neurodevelopmental disorder mediated by BDNF/TrkB and NRG-3 was closely related with SHR rats' behaviors. Shudihuang may ameliorate the spontaneous and impulsive behaviors by up-regulating the expressions of BDNF/TrkB and NRG-3 and improving growth and maturation of neurons in SHR., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.)

Camellia japonica (Naidong), a Tertiary relict species with abundant morphological characteristics and special genetic characteristics, is the northernmost distributed population of C. japonica. The seedlings of Naidong were subjected to two light regimes (65%, 15% of full sunlight, respectively) and three water supply regimes (75%, 50% and 25% of field capacity, respectively). Our objectives were to reveal the ecophysiological responses of Naidong under different drought and shade conditions and to examine the four existing hypotheses explaining the responses of Naidong seedlings to the interactions of shade and drought. The results showed that 15% of full sunlight reduced the growth of seedlings. Compared with those under 65% of full sunlight condition, the net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and chlorophyll content of seedlings under 15% of full sunlight condition were decreased by 63.3%, 82.9% and 17.5%, respectively. In contrast, the specific leaf area, leaf water content and maximal quantum yield under 15% of full sunlight condition were enhanced by 60.3%, 8.3% and 6.4%, respectively. Drought limited the growth of seedlings,decreased their height and basal diameter. The net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and stomatal conductance of seedlings significantly decreased with the increases of drought stress, with their minimum values being 0.83 μmol·m -2 ·s -1 , 0.30 μmol·m -2 ·s -1 and 11.56 mmol·m -2 ·s -1 , respectively. With the increases of drought stress, the contents of peroxidase and catalase showed a general declining trend, but the contents of malondialdehyde and proline significantly increased. The treatment 15% of full sunlight alleviated the negative effects of drought on Naidong seedlings, which supported the above-ground facilitation hypothesis. Our results indicated that Naidong seedlings could respond and acclimate to environmental changes through various mechanisms, and the seedlings might normally grow under broad ranges of light and water stresses. In addition, providing ideal light and water conditions for the Naidong seedlings could facilitate its application in gardening.

Sanshan island of Taihu Lake National Wetland Park in Suzhou was taken as a case study to explore the relationship between land use types and water quality under different spatial and temporal conditions.Firstly,principal component analysis was used to calculate the comprehensive index of water quality for a given sampling site.Secondly,landscape development intensity index (LDI),which can represent combined effects of land use types,was calculated based on GIS spatial analysis technology.Finally,overall correlation between water quality and land use types was obtained by using Pearson correlation analysis.The results showed that the water quality varied with the spatial distribution of the wetland park.Totally,water quality of west region was good and water quality of east region was poor;Built-up land and water quality integrated index exhibited obvious positive correlation.And natural water and water quality index was significantly negatively correlated;By building relationship of water quality index and LDI index within 100,150,200,250,300,350,400,450 and 500 m radius buffer,Pearson's r values between them were 0.641,0.678,0.691,0.685,0.691,0.695,0.680,0.653 and 0.649 respectively ( P <0.01).These statistics indicated obvious and stable overall correlation between land use types and water quality.This can reflect a variety of land use types' comprehensive effects on wetland water quality,and partly overcome the weakness of incomplete and difficult explanation for water quality changes with single type of land use.

In this study, the adaptability of leaf shape, structure and stomata characteristics of Camellia sasanqua to temperature variation in natural process was investigated by field morphological observation, conventional paraffin section and scanning electron microscopy methods. The results showed that, as the temperature decreased, the leaf color changed from green to dark green, toge-ther with white and purple spots on the leaves. The relative conductivity and the percentage of wi-thered leaves increased initially and then decreased during this period. The highest percentages of relative conductivity and withered leaves in March 2015 were 56.0% and 25.4%, respectively. Different leaf tissue structure indexes, including middle vein thickness, leaf thickness, upper and lower epidermis thickness, upper and lower cuticle thickness, palisade tissue thickness, spongy tissue thickness, ratio of palisade tissue to spongy tissue, cell tense ratio and vein protuberant degree were also determined during the natural temperature change from September 2014 to April 2015. Gradually, these parameters increased initially and then decreased with the decrease of temperature except spongy ratio, which showed the opposite trend. These indicators above changed significantly in different months. Stomata length and width were not significantly changed in October 2014, December 2014 and March 2015, while the percentage of completely closed stomata was higher in March 2015, compared with other months. Taken together, we proposed that the improved adaptability of cold tolerance of C. sasanqua relies on the changes of leaf structure and stomatal closure.

As a novel technology in ultra-smooth surface machining, atmospheric pressure inductively coupled with plasma jet processing can produce plasma with high density and energy. This capability makes it a perfect medium in fully exciting the reactive gases to improve the material removal rate. This paper is directed towards using the emission spectrometer to monitor and measure the spectra of the plasma jet from 400~1 000 nm. Spectral lines with obvious peaks and large energy differences are selected from the measurement results to calculate the electron temperatures. The measured spectral data are the integrals of emission coefficients along the optical path, and the plasma has a circularly symmetry with respect to the torch axis. Abel inversion transform is employed to compute the emission coefficients of the measured spectrum. These coefficients are then applied to obtain the electron temperatures with Boltzmann plot method. The calculation results denote that the temperature profiles appear to be typically double-peak profiles as a result of the skin effect and swirling inlet flow. With the increasing of off distance, the double-peak effect decreases and the profiles become smooth. The results also indicate that the plasma fringe is somewhat deviate from the local thermodynamic equilibrium, and the applicability of Boltzmann plot method is reduced. Consequently the goodness-of-fit factors, R-Squared values, on the plasma fringe are reduced. The spectra and characteristics of the argon plasma with reactive gas CF4 are also analyzed. This mixed plasma shows bright blue-green color. The reason for the color is that some band spectra emerge between the range of 400~650 nm. These band spectra are the swan bands of diatomic C2 which is formed by the fully excitation of carbon source CF4.

As a novel remote sensing technique, polarimetric detecting technology is a useful supplement to traditional hyperspectral remote sensing technology, which provides more information for remote sensing. By taking advantage of the polarization characteristics of the surface reflecting light of soil with different moisture, the polarization spectral method is applied to measure soil moisture. The spectropolarimeter was used to measure the polarized reflectance spectrum of different soil moisture. The correlation between soil moisture and polarization spectrum was analyzed. The polarization characteristics of soil surface reflecting light in different viewing angles were surveyed by experiments. The experimental results show that: in the higher soil moisture conditions, the polarization spectrum and soil moisture have a certain connection, especially in the 500～700 nm band and soil moisture is directly proportional to the degree of polarization; but in low soil moisture conditions, the correlation of polarization spectrum and soil moisture is not obvious; in addition, the polarization spectrum are influenced by viewing angles, for example, when the incident angle of source light is fixed at 50°, while the viewing angle of instrument is between 20° and 60°, the degree of polarization increases with the viewing angle. When the viewing angle becomes wider,, the degree of polarization changed more significantly with the soil moisture.

Nutrient loading into rivers is generally changed by human-induced land use changes and can lead to surface water quality changes. Understanding the extent to which landscape heterogeneity influences nutrient loading is critical to the development of best management practices aimed at water-quality improvement. In this study, the year-round concentrations of total nitrogen were monitored from January 2013 to December 2013 in the 20 hydrological stations of Zhongtian River. Considering the nested relationship of watershed unit, seven land use structures and 13 landscape pattern indexes were chosen, and Pearson correlation analysis, principal component analysis and multiple regression analysis were used to explore the effects of land use pattern on total nitrogen concentrations in Zhongtian River. The results showed that: (1) Construction land and grasslands had a significant impact on total nitrogen concentration, construction land would worsen the water quality, while grasslands could improve water quality; (2) Landscape patch- shape index, landscape patch-area index and construction land were the main factors affecting the total nitrogen concentration in landscape scale; (3) Regression analysis showed that the construction land and landscape patch-area index contributions to total nitrogen concentrations were 67.31% and 32.69%, respectively.

Objective: To assess the efficacy and safety of acupuncture in treating attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) children., Methods: A literature search was conducted to retrieve randomized cotrolled clinical trials of acupuncture in treating ADHD covering the period of the years of establishment of the databases to January 2014 from database of CBM, CNKI, PubMed, Cochrane Library by using key words "attention deficit hyperactivity disorder" "hyperactivity""minimal brain dysfunction" "acupuncture". Two independent researchers extracted data from located articles in a pre-defined structured way, and consulted the third researcher if necessary., Results: Thirteen original trials including 1 304 cases of children with ADHD were obtained in this study according to our included criteria and excluded criteria. In these trials, acupuncture intervention alone, or acupuncture plus pharmacotherapy (methylphenidate, haloperidol) or acupuncture plus behavioral therapy were compared with simple pharmacotherapy or behavioral therapy alone. Results of Meta-analysis indicated that the total effective rate and Conners' index of hyperactivity (CIH) score-reduction rate in the acupuncture group were significantly superior to those of the other treatment groups [OR = 2.22, 95% CI (1.65, 3.00), Z = 5.22, P < 0.00001] [SMD = -0.94, 95% CI (-1.41, -0.47), Z = 3.89, P < 0.0001]. Acupuncture treatment is more effective than haloperidol in reducing the score of Conners' Rating Scale for ADHD [SMD = -7.28, 95% CI (-8.32, -6.23), Z = 13.62, P < 0.00001]. Acupuncture is similarly effective as Methylphenidate (Ritalin) in improving the Chinese medicine syndrome (liver-kidney yin hypoactivity) of children with ADHD [SMD = -1.14, 95% CI (-2.53, 0.25), Z = 1.60, P = 0.11]. Less severe adverse effects were reported with acupuncture therapy than the pharmacotherapy (poor appetite, dry mouth, nausea and constipation). These effects were not likely due to publication bias (approximately symmetry funnel plot, Egger's test P > 0.1)., Conclusion: Acupuncture is an effective and safe therapy in treating ADHD, combined administration of acupuncture and pharmacotherapy or behavioral therapy is more effective than the pharmacotherapy or behavioral therapy alone. However, more rigorously designed and high-quality RCTs are needed to confirm the above conclusion.

Myanmar jade is crystalline aggregate with the major mineral of jadeite. Jadeite can be represented by the crystal-chemical formula NaAlSi2O6. Isomorphous substitution occurs in the natural jadeite frequently, with replacement of Na by Ca, and replacement of Al by Mg, Fe, Cr etcetera, which makes the component of Myanmar jade much more complex and leads to the variation of its physical features, including color, transparency, refractive index, specific gravity and infrared spectrum characteristics, forming different types of Myanmar jade. The studies show that the vibrational spectra characteristics of the Myanmar jade varies depending on the substitution of different elements. In this work, we studied the impacts of the variation of Myanmar jade component on its infrared spectroscopy. 10 Myanmar jade samples which consisted of different chemical composition were measured using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and results show that the IR absorption peaks shift to higher wave numbers, as the atomic ratio of Na/Na+Ca of the samples increases. In the low wave number region, the wave number of the IR absorption peaks at 424, 576 and 658 cm(-1) and the atomic ratio of Na/Na+Ca of the samples share fine linear correlation, and the correlation coefficients (R2) are, in order, R1(2)=0.9442, R2(2)=0.9283, R3(2)=0.9097. We can utilize infra-red spectrum technologies combined with linear model built by us in this work to predicate the atomic ratio of Na/Na+Ca of the unknown Myanmar jade samples. As the atomic ratio of Na/Na+Ca of the unknown Myamar jade samples equals 0.8, the IR absorption peaks should be at 658.7, 574.5, 422.5 cm(-1). If the wavenumbers of the IR absorption peaks are less than 658.7, 574.5 and 422.5 cm(-1), the atomic ratio of Na/Na+Ca of the unknown Myanmar jade samples is less than 0.8, which is indicating that the unknown Myanmar jade sample isomphacitic jade, while the wavenumbers of the IR absorption peaks are more than 658.7, 574.5 and 422.5 cm(-1), the atomic ratio of Na/Na+Ca of the unknown Myanmar jade samples is more than 0.8, which is indicating that the unknown Myanmar jade sample is jadeitic jade. The studies of this work offer a super-quick time-saving and labor-saving nondestructivetesting method for using infrared spectrum technologies to test Myanmar jade samples, analyze their component and predicate which mineral styles the unknown samples are.

Colloids play a key role in the transference process of phosphorus (P) in soil. Activation and transference of soil colloidal phosphorus have great effect on soil P pool and the surrounding water quality. This paper summarized the current studies on soil colloidal P, discussing the effects of the various factors (e. g., soil physical and chemical properties, fertilization, rainfall and soil amendments) on the transference of soil colloidal P. Some advanced analysis technologies (e.g., flow field-flow fractionation, transmission electron microscope-energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer, X-ray absorption near-edge structure and nuclear magnetic resonance) and methods of reducing soil colloidal P were also involved. This review would provide important information on the mechanism of soil colloidal P transference.

In this study, efforts were made to collect 88 traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) prescriptions for treating ADHD from public literatures, establish a medication database and conduct data mining on the efficacy, properties, tastes, meridian entries and compatibility regularity of TCMs by using frequency analysis, association rules analysis and cluster analysis. The results showed 33 herbs with a high frequency (≥ 10%). The top 12 frequently applied ADHD herbs were respectively Acori Tatarinowii Rhizome, Polygalae Radix, Prepared Rehmanniae Radix, Os Draconis, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizome, Poria, Concha Ostreae, Testudinis Carapacis et Plastri, Paeoniae Alba Radix, Schisandrae Fructus Chinensis, Fructus Corni, Dioscoreae Rhizoma. The top seven types of frequently applied ADHD herbs by effect were respectively tonic herb, sedative herbs, livei-wind calming herbs, heat clearing herbs, astringent herbs, awaking herbs and damp clearing and diuresis promoting herbs. The top three properties were warm, cold and neutral, with warm as the dominance. The top three tastes were sweetness, bitterness and acridity, with sweetness as the dominance. The top three meridian entries were liver meridian, heart meridian and kidney meridian. The association rules analysis showed commonly used herbal pairs. Polygalae Radix-Acori Tatarinowii Rhizome, Concha Ostreae-Os Draconis, Prepared Rehmanniae Radix-Fructus Corni-Os Draconis. Eight highly frequent cluster prescriptions were summarized based on the cluster analysis. This study indicates that basic TCM prescriptions for treating ADHD were principally composed of tonics (nourishing liver and kidney, invigorating heart and spleen) and tranquilization, which were supplemented with herbs for calming liver, clearing heat, promoting qi-circulation, promoting blood-circulation, reducing phlegm and calming endogenous wind. The combination of multiple data mining techniques can reflect the clinical medication regularity of herbs for treating ADHD in an overall and objective manner.

Wetlands litter decomposition affects wetlands nutrient cycling. The decomposition progress of standing litter was monitored and the litterbag simulation experiment was carried out in order to analyze dynamics of litter decomposition and phosphorus release in Phragmites australis (PA), Spartina alterniflora (SA) and Scirpus mariqueter (SM) marshes of Hangzhou Bay coastal wetland. Results show that the dry mass of standing litter and P concentration decrease gradually and the litter drops to the sediment surface after 180 d. There are distinctive stages of the plant litter decomposition in litterbag simulation experiments. The loss rate is faster during 0- 15 d than that of later days. The loss rate in root decomposition of three plants are SM > PA > SA, while the trend is opposite for that of aboveground tissues. The time needed for 95% of dry mass decomposition in the plant tissues is between 1. 2- 8. 3 a. The P concentration in litters decreases rapidly in the initial stage and then increases slowly while the net P pools decreases all the time. Pearson's correlation coefficient shows that there is no significant correlation between the litter decomposition rate and C/N ratio. However, the litter C/P ratio affects greatly on plant decomposition rate. Environmental factors in the atmospheric temperature also have an impact on the decomposition rate of leaves. The different decomposition progresses between standing litter and litterbag are caused by environmental factors.

Objective: To describe the clinical characteristics, overall survival as well as to evaluate the prognostic factors in Chinese diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) patients., Methods: DLBCL patients who were initially diagnosed and treated in Peking University Cancer Hospital from January 1995 to December 2008 were identified and analyzed,retrospectively.The 5-year OS rates were estimated with Kaplan-Meier. Log-rank test was used to compare the survival curves of the different groups. The multivariate analysis of prognostic factors was conducted with Cox regression model, which included all statistically significant prognostic factors in the univariate analyses., Results: A total of 525 DLBCL patients were included in this retrospective analysis, of whom, 294 were male and 231 female (male:female=1.27:1). The median age at the initial diagnosis was 55 (range 16-90) years, and 37.0% (n=194) were 60 years and above. Regarding the clinical staging at the initial diagnosis, 54 patients (10.3%) were diagnosed as Stage I of the disease, 152 (28.9%) as Stage II, 117 (22.3%) as Stage III and 202 (38.5%) as Stage IV. The "B symptoms" and increased serum LDH were presented in 206 (39.2%) and 192 (36.6%) patients, respectively. A total of 197 (37.5%) patients were treated with rituximab (R). The survival follow-up continued till 31 January 2014 with a median follow-up time of 77.5 (range: 0-205) months. A total of 267 patients (50.9%) died during the follow-up period. The medial overall survival (OS) time was 84 months, and 5-year OS rate was 52.3%. There were six statistically significant prognostic factors that were identified in both univariate and multivariate analyses: gender, Ann Arbor stage, B symptom, serum LDH, age at initial diagnosis and rituximab treatment. The relative risk (RR) of these prognostic factors in the multivariate analyses were: age > 60 years / ≤ 60 years=1.380 (95%CI 1.078-1.765), male / female=1.315 (95%CI 1.025-1.687), stage III/stage I=3.034 (95%CI 1.667-5.522), stage IV/I=3.748(95%CI 2.102-6.681), with B symptoms/without B symptoms=1.278(95%CI 0.999-1.636), serum LDH increased/LDH not increased=1.351(95%CI 1.057-1.726), without R treatment / with R treatment=1.543 (95%CI 1.182-2.015).Compared with the IPI, age >50 years/ ≤ 50 years was a statistically significant factor in both univariate and multivariate analyses RR=1.478 (95%CI 1.148-1.902), P=0.002., Conclusion: Six factors were related to DLBCL survival: gender, Ann Arbor stage, B symptom, serum LDH, age at initial diagnosis and rituximab treatment. Compared with the IPI, several specific factors may predict a poor prognosis in Chinese DLBCL patients: male, age>50 years and the presence of "B symptoms". But this result is not conclusive until these factors are further tested.

Solitary median maxillary central incisor (SMMCI) is a rare dental anomaly characterized by a symmetric central incisor of normal size, developed and erupted precisely in the midline of the maxilla in both primary and permanent dentitions. SMMCI may occur alone or be associated with other midline structures defects of the body or other systemic disorders. The best known association is holoprosencephaly (HPE). This paper reported a case of SMMCI that companied with other midline structures defects of the body.

Objective: To develop a method for evaluating the feasibility of prenatal screening using local median value and determining the cut-off value., Methods: With receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis, results of second trimester prenatal screening calculated by a local median value in a new model and the built-in median value in 2T software were compared. The cut-off value was set by serial analysis of true and false positive rates and other relevant data., Results: The ROC curve has accurately estimated the difference in the screening efficacy between a local median value and that embedded in the 2T model, and established a reasonable cut-off value for the laboratory based on false positive rate and detection rate., Conclusion: The method of ROC curve can be used to evaluate the performance of local median value in prenatal screening and to test the rationality of cut-off value established in the laboratory. As the result, a better cut-off value may be derived.

Objective: To investigate the pulmonary toxicity of different concentrations of nano-silica (nano-SiO2) under continuous dynamic inhalation conditions in the rat., Methods: 48 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups, including the dispersant control group (saline) and nano-SiO2 low-dose group (0.3%, w/v), the middle-dose group (1%) and the high-dose group (3%). Animals were sacrificed at 28 d after exposure under continuous dynamic inhalation conditions, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung tissue were collected. And following items were observed: body coefficient, BALF related items (leukocytes and classification, total protein content, LDH activity), lung tissue pathological changes (HE staining), and pulmonary fibrosis forming (collagen fiber VG staining)., Results: Compared to the dispersant control group, there was no significant change on lung organ coefficient in Nano-SiO2 group (P < 0.05). The BALF total WBC count in 1% and 3% in nano-SiO2 groups showed higher value than the dispersant control group (P < 0.05). No obvious changes were found on total protein content and LDH activity in nano-SiO2 groups compared to the dispersant control group (P > 0.05). For differential WBC counts, lymphocyte count in BALF in nano-SiO2 groups was significantly decreased (P < 0.05), monocyte and macrophage counts were significantly increased (P < 0.05), but there was no difference on the proportion of neutrophils (P > 0.05). HE staining results showed that the obvious thickening of alveolar wall in nano-SiO2 groups, inflammatory cell infiltration also increased around the bronchial and vascular wall. Lung fibrosis VG staining showed no significant change of collagen fiber distribution., Conclusion: Under our experimental conditions, the continuous dynamic inhalation of nano-SiO2 only caused the significant inflammation in rat lungs, pulmonary fibrosis phenomenon could not be observed significantly.

To characterize the complete genome sequence of coxsackievirus B1 (CVB1) MSH/KM9/2009 strain isolated from Yunnan, China,2009. Eight overlapping clones covering the whole viral genome (excluding the poly-A tail) were obtained by RT-PCR and sequenced, and their nucleotide and amino acid sequences were compared with other known CVB1 strains. The genome of the CVB1 MSH/KM9/2009 strain had 7384 nucleotides in length, and contained a 741nt non-translated region (NTR) at the 5' end and a 94nt NTR at the 3' end. The entire open reading frame contained 6 549 nt, encoding a 2 183-aa polyprotein. In the coding region, there was no nucleotide deletion or insertion, but some changes of amino acid were unique. The complete genome sequence alignments showed that the CVB1 isolate MSH/KM9/2009 strain shared the highest nucleotide (80.9%, 81.6%, 80.5% and 80%) and amino acid (95.6%, 95.8%, 96.2% and 95.6%) identities to the CVB1 M16560, pmMC, Tucson B1 and CVB1Nm strain, respectively. Phylogenetic tree analysis showed that the MSH/KM9/2009, CVB1 M16560, pmMC, Tucson B1 and CVB1Nm strain clustered into same group. The newly isolated CVB1 strain MSH/KM9/2009 from Yunnan Province belonged to genotype CVB1.

Phase distortion exists in collected interferogram because of a variety of measure reasons when spatial heterodyne spectrometers are used in practice. So an improved phase correction method is presented. The phase curve of interferogram was obtained through Fourier inverse transform to extract single side transform spectrum, based on which, the phase distortions were attained by fitting phase slope, so were the phase correction functions, and the convolution was processed between transform spectrum and phase correction function to implement spectrum phase correction. The method was applied to phase correction of actually measured monochromatic spectrum and emulational water vapor spectrum. Experimental results show that the low-frequency false signals in monochromatic spectrum fringe would be eliminated effectively to increase the periodicity and the symmetry of interferogram, in addition when the continuous spectrum imposed phase error was corrected, the standard deviation between it and the original spectrum would be reduced form 0.47 to 0.20, and thus the accuracy of spectrum could be improved.