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Fritillaria is a widely used traditional Chinese medicine, with a complex source and a wide variety of medicinal materials. Different varieties have similar external characteristics, making it difficult to distinguish using traditional methods. To achieve rapid and objective identification of Fritillaria species, this study proposed a method for rapid identification based on electronic tongue and electronic eye combined with a deep learning model. Electronic tongue and electronic eye were utilized to collect gustatory fingerprint and visual image information from different categories of Fritillaria, respectively. An enhanced Transformer encoder based on causal attention mechanism was employed to extract time-series features from the ET signals and augment the ability to extract local features. Meanwhile, an improved ShuffleNetV2 network based on coordinate attention mechanism was used to extract morphological features of EE image and suppress background noise. Subsequently, a feature weighted fusion module was presented to adaptively integrate the feature information extracted from both the electronic tongue and electronic eye, and achieve classification and recognition of the fused features. The experimental results indicated that the proposed information fusion method had better classification performance compared to separate usage of electronic tongue and electronic eye, with a testing accuracy of 98.4%. This study provides a novel approach for rapidly identifying Fritillaria varieties, which offers research insights into the classification and traceability analysis of other Chinese medicinal materials.

Aiming at the problem that frequently train traction starting causes wheel wear and fatigue damage, on the basis of the constant traction force, the influence of the speed at the end of the constant power section of different traction characteristic curves on wheel wear and fatigue was studied. SIMPACK and MATLAB software were used for co-simulation to establish the dynamic model of urban rail trains(URTs) under different traction characteristics and the wheel wear model based on Archard. The influence of the speed at the end of the constant power section of the traction characteristic curve on the wheel-rail creepage, wheel wear depth, wear area and fatigue index of URTs under different starting torque of traction motor was analyzed. The results show that during the train traction starting process, the larger the starting torque of the motor, the greater the wheel-rail creepage, and the wheel wear depth and wear area, while the smaller the fatigue index; For agiven starting torque of the motor, with the increase of the speed at the end of the constant power section of the train traction characteristic curve, the wheel-rail creepage, and the wheel wear depth and wear area also increase, while the fatigue index decreases.When the starting torque of the motor increases from 800 N·m to 1 400 N·m, the maximum growth rates of wheel wear depth and wear area are 6.9% and 12.6%, respectively, while the maximum decline rate of fatigue index is 7.2%; When the speed at the end of the constant power section increases from 50 km/h to 80 km/h, the maximum growth rates of wheel wear depth and wear area are 4.4% and 4.3%,respectively, and the maximum decline rate of fatigue index is 1.9%.The effects of starting torque and the speed at the end of the constant power section on wheel wear and fatigue are obtained, which provides reference for the design of vehicle traction characteristics, motor control and wheel operation and maintenance.

This article elucidates the concept of large model technology, summarizes the research status of large model technology both domestically and internationally, provides an overview of the application status of large models in vertical industries, outlines the challenges and issues confronted in applying large models in the oil and gas sector, and offers prospects for the application of large models in the oil and gas industry. The existing large models can be briefly divided into three categories: large language models, visual large models, and multimodal large models. The application of large models in the oil and gas industry is still in its infancy. Based on open-source large language models, some oil and gas enterprises have released large language model products using methods like fine-tuning and retrieval augmented generation. Scholars have attempted to develop scenario-specific models for oil and gas operations by using visual/multimodal foundation models. A few researchers have constructed pre-trained foundation models for seismic data processing and interpretation, as well as core analysis. The application of large models in the oil and gas industry faces challenges such as current data quantity and quality being difficult to support the training of large models, high research and development costs, and poor algorithm autonomy and control. The application of large models should be guided by the needs of oil and gas business, taking the application of large models as an opportunity to improve data lifecycle management, enhance data governance capabilities, promote the construction of computing power, strengthen the construction of “artificial intelligence + energy” composite teams, and boost the autonomy and control of large model technology.

In this study, the mucosa of porcine small intestine was used as the raw material to optimize the optimal process for the extraction of heparin (Hep) by high hydrostatic pressure enzymatic hydrolysis by response surface test, to study the adsorption conditions of Hep purified by macroporous resin, and to explore the stability of Hep (pH, temperature, and light). The results showed that the optimal enzymatic process was alkaline protease, 3.1 h, 55 ℃, pH9.5, pressure 100 MPa, enzyme addition 9%, salt concentration 2.0%, the actual average concentration of Hep was measured to be 11.56±0.12 U/mL. The purification of Hep was carried out by using the D958 resin, with the up-sampling flow rate of 1.5 BV/h, the concentration of the eluent of 4 mol/L NaCl, and the elution flow rate of 1.5 BV/h, the purity of Hep could reach 68.75% after purification, and the electrophoretic purity achieved. In the stability study, Hep had the best stability at pH7.5, better stability at 40 ℃, and light had no effect on the stability of Hep. This study can greatly improve the extraction effect of Hep and provide theoretical and technical support for the high value processing and utilization of pig small intestine.

Fermented fruit and vegetable products are an important part of traditional fermented food in China. During production, fresh vegetables and fruits are used as raw materials. The fermentation is conducted by the interactions between microorganisms including lactic acid bacteria and fungi which are naturally carried by raw materials. After fermentation, the composition and quantity of microorganisms in fruits and vegetables tend to become out of control, which often leads to post-acidification, softening, spoilage and other problems. Therefore, the development of sterilization technology suitable for fermented fruit and vegetable products has important industrial value. Compared with the destructive effect of traditional heat sterilization, the non-thermal sterilization technology without heating can not only kill the spoilage and pathogenic microorganisms, but also reduce the impact on probiotics, and greatly alleviate the deterioration of fermented fruit and vegetable products. Therefore, non-thermal sterilization technologies have gradually become one of the research hotspots in the field of fermented fruit and vegetable products sterilization. In this paper, the application progress of common non-thermal sterilization technologies in fermented fruit and vegetable products is reviewed. The sterile effect and influencing factors of non-thermal sterilization technologies in fermented fruit and vegetable products are summarized. Its influence on quality and safety attributes of products is discussed. The aim of this study is to provide a theoretical basis for the large-scale application of non-thermal sterilization technologies in the industrial production of fermented fruit and vegetable products.

The unique flavor properties and rich nutrients of traditional fermented food are closely related to its complex and variable microbial structure, which also makes it difficult to control the quality of final fermented product. In order to explore the changes of microbial structure and sensory property and nutritional property in the process of food fermentation and the internal relationship between them, the data analysis process is a key step. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a fast and accurate data analysis method for quality control of fermented food. Machine learning has the advantages of high-dimensional simplification rate, large data throughput and high prediction accuracy, showing great application potential in the field of quality control of fermented food. Hence, machine learning has become one of the research hotspots. This paper reviews the application of machine learning in the quality control of fermented food. On the basis of an overview of common models of machine learning, this paper systematically summarizes the application of machine learning in the prediction of microbial structure evolution, flavor compound composition analysis and customization of personalized consumption in the process of food fermentation. The problems and developmental trends in the application of machine learning to quality control of traditional fermented food are summarized and prospected. Although the application of machine learning in fermented food is still confined by the problems such as insufficient general applicability of the model, limited quality indicators, and limited personalized consumption scenario, etc., with the iterative update of the technical model, the adaptation for multi-factors and whole process, and the application expansion in the background of personalized consumption, machine learning will show a greater value for practical application in the field of fermented food. The purpose of this study is to provide guidance for the further application of machine learning in the standardized and controllable production of traditional fermented food.

Given the need to ensure that effluent quality meets the standards and reduces energy consumption in urban wastewater treatment systems, the operation process is considered a multiobjective optimization control problem. An adaptive critic control scheme is developed based on multiobjective particle swarm optimization. This scheme is divided into two parts: upper optimization and bottom tracking control. First, considering the characteristics of nonlinear, multivariable, and large time variation in a wastewater treatment system, the mechanism model is difficult to establish accurately. To preserve quality and reduce consumption, an accurate operation index model of the wastewater treatment process must be designed. The data of the inlet and outlet components are analyzed using a data-driven framework. A multiobjective optimization model reflecting effluent quality and energy consumption is constructed. A radial basis function neural network is used for modeling and compared with a back-propagation neural network. Then, combined with powerful optimization capabilities, the multiobjective particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to solve the multiobjective optimization problem. Combining the practical importance of the two indicators of energy consumption and water quality, a decision method is designed to select the preferred solutions from the optimal solution set. The preferred solutions can be defined as the optimal set concentrations of dissolved oxygen and nitrate nitrogen. Next, the bottom tracking control part adopts an auxiliary controller based on adaptive dynamic planning to supplement the control strategy of a proportional–integral–derivative algorithm, compensating for the shortcomings of the poor adaptive ability of the traditional control algorithm. In addition, this proportional–integral–differential algorithm provides an initial stable control strategy for the adaptive dynamic programming algorithm, overcoming the poor control effect of the learning algorithm in the early stage and ensuring the safety and reliability of the wastewater treatment process. Ultimately, the controller successfully achieves the tracking control of the optimal setting value. To verify the optimization effect and control performance of the proposed scheme, we use benchmark simulation model no. 1 to complete the simulation. Using the indicators of water quality and energy consumption, we also compare the proposed scheme with other multiobjective optimization schemes. The results show that the proposed algorithm effectively improves the operational performance of the wastewater treatment process. It not only ensures that the effluent water quality meets the standards but also effectively reduces the energy consumption of wastewater treatment.

Coalbed methane (CBM) development and underground coal gasification (UCG) are important sources for coal-based natural gas production in China, and coal and CBM resources are abundant in the inclined coalbed development area of the Xinjiang foreland thrust belt. To deeply analyze the feasibility of coordinated development of CBM and UCG in inclined coal seams, the existing key technologies of CBM and UCG and their significances for coordinated development of CBM- UCG was systematically analyzed, the advantages, the technical routes, major problems and future research directions of coordinated development of CBM and UCG in inclined coal seams were also elaborated, the major problems faced and the direction of future research were proposed, and the following understanding was obtained. ① The coordinated development of CBM-UCG under the “CBM development dredging effect”, “UCG thermal desorption effect”, and “UCG mining pressure releasing effect” can form a virtuous cycle of mutual promotion. ② The coordinated development technology routes was proposed, such as vertical wells + inclined well along coal seam with “first drainage and then gasification”, multiple inclined wells along the coal seam with “simultaneous drainage and gasification”, directional L-typed CBM wells + UCG wells along the coal seam direction with “simultaneous gasification and drainage”, UCG wells along inclined wells in the lower coal + directional L-typed CBM wells in the upper coal seam with “first drainage, then gasification, and then drainage again”, and the “well factory” arrangement of complex well type. ③ The coordinated development of CBM and UCG faces theoretical issues such as weak theoretical foundation research on geological constituency evaluation, unclear expansion range of UCG thermal action under the condition of fracture network, and the undetermined range of rock movement and pressure relief in the UCG process of inclined coal seams. It also faces the engineering issues such as coordinated development of CBM-UCG “well factory” drilling technology, coordinated development of CBM wells and UCG wells production system, coordinated development of CBM and UCG wells geodynamic measurement and control, and the sealing and high-temperature-resistant protection of CBM wells. ④ It is necessary to strengthen the study on the evaluation of geological site selection for the coordinated development of CBM and UCG in inclined coal seams, the theoretical research on the development dynamics, and the pioneering experimental study on engineering coordination technology, so as to ensure that the coordinated development is safe, orderly, controllable and efficient.

The effects of different cooking methods (raw, microwave, steaming and frying) on the volatile components of Ctenopharyngodon idella were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, electronic nose technique and sensory evaluation. The results of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry showed that 78 volatiles were detected in 4 cooking methods, mainly olefin, alkanes, aldehydes, esters and other volatile compounds, and the number and content of components in frying methods were higher than those in other processing groups. The electronic nose and principal component analysis showed that, compared with raw fish, the volatiles of fish was closer between steaming and microwave, and fried one had a greater effect on the volatiles. The results of sensory evaluation showed that the fish smell in four treatments all had a certain fishy and grassy taste, but the fried one was mainly manifested in burnt and greasy taste. In addition, the special volatile compounds such as trans, trans-2,4-decenal, 2-furanaldehyde and 2-amyl furan produced during frying give the smell of roast meat, which could cover the off-odor such as fishy and grassy. In summary, the volatiles of Ctenopharyngodon idella were mainly aldehydes and esters, and compared with raw fish, frying had the greatest impact on the volatile components, which could better reduce the fishy off-flavor, the results would provide a theoretical basis for the development of deep processing technology for Ctenopharyngodon idella meat.

Animal proteins are mainly derived from meat, eggs and milk. They are usually rich in nutritional value, whereas their functional properties usually cannot fully meet industrial requirements. As a kind of non-thermal physical treatments, ultrasound can lead to changes in the physicochemical and structural properties of animal proteins, therefore, improving their functional properties. However, relationships between the effects of ultrasound on various animal proteins and changes in their properties are still unclear and need to be studied. In order to clarify the effects of ultrasonic treatment on the structure and properties of animal proteins, the physicochemical properties, microstructure, interfacial properties and functional properties of different kinds of animal proteins are reviewed under different ultrasonic power and ultrasonic time in this study. Relationships between their changes are also analyzed. At last, in order to provide theoretical reference for the application and promotion of ultrasonic treatment on animal proteins, their application is discussed and prospected.

In order to compare and analyze the on-site desorption performance and numerical simulation desorption performance of low coalification reservoir coal core, the on-site gas content of coal core of a coalbed methane (CBM) well in Xinjiang was measured, and a numerical model of coal core in undersaturated reservoir with adsorbed gas is established, and based on this, the loss gas content calculation method was analyzed. The results show that the loss gas, desorption gas and residual gas contents calculated by the desorption numerical model of the unsaturated coal core (adsorbed gas saturation 54.77%, 77.51%, and 99.79%, respectively) were close to the corresponding results measured in the field (error

The establishment of cooperative exploration model between coal and strategic metal resources in coal-bearing strata is the precondition for the transformation from strategic metal elements in coal-bearing strata to metal resources. The research on the basic theory and key technology of cooperative exploration of coal and strategic metal resources in coal-bearing strata is the core task of establishing cooperative exploration model. Based on the analysis of the basic characteristics of strategic metal elements in coal-bearing strata, the necessity of implementing the cooperative exploration of coal and strategic metal resources in coal-bearing strata is demonstrated. Through review on the evolution history of the concept of cooperative exploration, the relationship between comprehensive coal exploration and cooperative exploration is revealed, and considered that the cooperative exploration is the inheritance and development of comprehensive exploration, emphasizes the coordination and orderly and scientific organization in the process of comprehensive exploration of two or more mineral resources, and its core is the cooperative organization of exploration projects and cooperative implementation of key technologies. Based on the discussion on the principle of cooperative exploration of coal and strategic metal resources in coal-bearing strata, the theory and technical method system framework of cooperative exploration of coal and strategic metal resources in coal-bearing strata is put forward, which is the basis of establishing the model of cooperative exploration of coal and strategic metal resources in coal-bearing strata. The cooperative exploration of coal and strategic metal resources in coal-bearing strata should be based on the study of the enrichment and mineralization mechanism, combination types and occurrence rules of the strategic metal elements in coal-bearing strata, based on the multi-disciplinary theories of coal geology, ore deposit, geochemistry, geophysics and exploration engineering, and supported by the cooperative exploration technology system composed of key technologies such as precision drilling, fine geophysical exploration and fine geochemical exploration. Also, it should be based on the solid mineral exploration norms and other standards, follow the general principles of solid mineral resources exploration, comprehensive exploration and single mineral resource exploration, as well as the principles of research first, technical effectiveness, fine exploration, dynamic adjustment, zoning policy implementation, coordination and synchronization, and cooperate in the organization of exploration projects and implementation of key technologies, in order to achieve the balance of the best technical benefits and the best economic benefits of the cooperative exploration of coal and strategic metal resources in coal-bearing strata. On the basis of the completion of coal geological exploration tasks, it is expected to find out the geological characteristics and development geological conditions of the associated strategic metal resources, to obtain the corresponding resources or distribution characteristics of strategic metal elements, and to provide geological basis for the comprehensive development and utilization of mineral resources in coal-bearing strata. The core issues of cooperative exploration of coal and strategic metal resources in coal-bearing strata are as follows: determination of cooperative exploration objects, selection and cooperative implementation of exploration technologies, cooperative deployment of exploration projects, and scientific estimation of resources.

BackgroundSleep is a crucial physiological activity for the human body, and research has shown that air pollution can affect sleep quality. However, the association between polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) exposure, neurotoxic compounds in air pollutants, and sleep quality remains uncertain. ObjectiveTo evaluate the association of PAHs exposure with sleep quality, and to provide evidence for improving sleep quality. MethodsThis study used a cross-sectional design. We selected 632 workers from a coking plant of a large state-owned enterprise as the exposure group, and 477 workers from the energy and power plant of the same enterprise as the control group. All workers worked in three shifts. A questionnaire survey was conducted to collect basic information including gender, years of service, age, educational level, smoking, alcohol consumption, consumption of fried foods, cooking frequency, types of cooking fuels. Worker's post-shift morning midstream urine was sampled to determine the concentrations of eight PAHs metabolites (OH-PAHs) using gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Worker's sleep quality was assessed using Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). A higher PSQI score indicated a lower sleep quality. Associations of urinary OH-PAHs levels with sleep quality in the workers were analyzed using linear regression, Bayesian kernel-machine regression (BKMR), and quantile g-computation. ResultsThe median (P25, P75) concentration of total OH-PAHs in the exposure group [88.84 (46.27, 151.96) μg·L−1] was higher than that in the control group [54.33 (24.86, 97.97) μg·L−1]. Additionally, the PSQI score (\begin{document}$ \overline{x}\pm {s} $\end{document}) in the exposure group (5.16±3.84) was higher than that in the control group (4.60±3.17). The multiple linear regression revealed that an increase in the sum of the concentrations of eight OH-PAHs after natural logarithmic transformation (lnΣ8OH-PAHs) was associated with an increase of 0.3646 (95%CI: 0.1337, 0.5955) in PSQI score, and an increase in lnΣlow-ring OH-PAHs was associated with an increase of 0.2954 (95%CI: 0.0941, 0.4967) in PSQI score. The BKMR analysis demonstrated that PSQI score was gradually increased as the increasing of lnΣ8OH-PAHs concentration. The quantile g-computation analysis indicated that a quantile increase in lnΣ8OH-PAHs concentration was associated with an increase of 0.4062% (95%CI: 0.1176%, 0.6949%) in PSQI score. ConclusionCompared to the controls, the coking workers show a higher concentration of urinary OH-PAHs and report worse sleep quality. The concentration of OH-PAHs is significantly negatively associated with sleep quality.

Geophysical exploration plays an important role in detecting and studying impact structures. This article reviews the common geophysical features of Earth's impact craters, including their gravity, magnetic, electrical, and seismic characteristics. The most obvious geophysical feature of impact craters is the circular or ring-shaped negative gravity anomaly, which is mainly caused by rock fracture and brecciation resulting in lower rock density. Low magnetic anomalies with complex details are mainly due to impact melting reducing the magnetic susceptibility of rocks inside the crater and post-impact modification resulting in complex detailed features. High electrical conductivity is found in simple craters, while more complex craters have gradually increasing electrical conductivity from the central uplift to the marginal rim. The conductivity is dominated by the fracture extent and water content. Low seismic velocity is mainly due to the lower velocity of fractured breccia and fractures relative to the original rock. In addition, seismic reflection profiling has found that impact structures have distinct concave shapes.Internationally, there are abundant research on the geophysical exploration of impact craters. However, in China, confirmed impact craters are rare in number and lack related geophysical exploration. Summarizing the common geophysical characteristics of impact craters provides a basis for geophysical exploration of potential impact crater regions in China and offers material for popular science and public engagement purposes.There are two confirmed impact craters in China, the Xiuyan crater in Liaoning Province and the Yilan crater in Heilongjiang Province. Active seismic investigations had been conducted in Xiuyan crater, and revealed its relative velocity and attenuation structure. However, although several geological studies have been conducted, a comprehensive geophysical study of the newly discovered Yilan crater is still lacking. Recently, our group has conducted dense seismic nodes and distributed acoustic sensing in Yilan crater, the results of which will be reported in the near future.

A seepage-geomechanical coupled embedded fracture flow model has been established for multi-field coupled simulation in tight oil reservoirs, revealing the patterns of change in pressure field, seepage field, and stress field after long-term water injection in tight oil reservoirs. Based on this, a technique for enhanced oil recovery (EOR) combining multi-field reconstruction and combination of displacement and imbibition in tight oil reservoirs has been proposed. The study shows that after long-term water flooding for tight oil development, the pressure diffusion range is limited, making it difficult to establish an effective displacement system. The variation in geostress exhibits diversity, with the change in horizontal minimum principal stress being greater than that in horizontal maximum principal stress, and the variation around the injection wells being more significant than that around the production wells. The deflection of geostress direction around injection wells is also large. The technology for EOR through multi-field reconstruction and combination of displacement and imbibition employs water injection wells converted to production and large-scale fracturing techniques to restructure the artificial fracture network system. Through a full lifecycle energy replenishment method of pre-fracturing energy supplementation, energy increase during fracturing, well soaking for energy storage, and combination of displacement and imbibition, it effectively addresses the issue of easy channeling of the injection medium and difficult energy replenishment after large-scale fracturing. By intensifying the imbibition effect through the coordination of multiple wells, it reconstructs the combined system of displacement and imbibition under a complex fracture network, transitioning from avoiding fractures to utilizing them, thereby improving microscopic sweep and oil displacement efficiencies. Field application in Block Yuan 284 of the Huaqing Oilfield in the Ordos Basin has demonstrated that this technology increases the recovery factor by 12 percentage points, enabling large scale and efficient development of tight oil.

Taking Jinggang pomelo peel essential oil (JPPEO) as the research object, two methods of steam distillation and low-temperature continuous phase transition were used for extraction. Orthogonal test was used to study the effects of extraction temperature, extraction pressure and extraction time on the yield of essential oil of Jinggang pomelo peel. At the same time, the physicochemical properties and chemical composition of essential oil were analysed. The results showed that the optimum extraction process of essential oil extracted by low-temperature continuous phase transition （L-JPPEO）was obtained as follows: particle size 30 mesh, extraction temperature 55 ℃, extraction pressure 0.6 MPa, extraction time 60 min, and the analysis temperature 70 ℃. At this time, the extraction rate was 10.99‰, the yield of L-JPPEO was 2.88 times higher than that extracted by steam distillation (H-JPPEO). The physicochemical properties of the essential oil of JPPEO extracted by low-temperature continuous phase transition showed that the content of unsaturated fat acid was higher, the content of free fatty acid was lower, the content of esters was lower. FTIR identified L-JPPEO and H-JPPEO containing terpenes, alcohols, phenols, aldehydes and carbonyl compounds. GC-MS technology identified 23 and 32 compounds from H-JPPEO and L-JPPEO samples, respectively. Among which 15 compounds were detected in both essential oils, the relative content of D-limonene was the highest, the relative content in L-JPPEO was 4.75±0.16 μg/mL, while the relative content in H-JPPEO was 640.93±44.47 μg/mL. HS-GC-IMS identified 71 compounds from both extraction methods of essential oils. Compared with steam distillation, low-temperature continuous phase change extraction technology extracted more terpenes (45.75%), ketones (7.68%), esters (15.85%), and acids (5.62%).

In order to strengthen the construction of mine fire intelligent monitoring and early warning system, the research idea of mine fire intelligent monitoring and early warning technology, and summarizes the research progress of mine fire intelligent monitoring and early warning technology is put forward. The research progress from three aspects of mine fire intelligent perception technology and equipment, prediction technology and modeling, and intelligent early warning system and platform is summarized. First, the internal and external cause fire information monitoring technology and equipment are summarized, the recognition process based on image-video recognition is summarized, and the content of multi-source information fusion and its application in the fire monitoring process are described. Secondly, the prediction techniques and models for mine fires are introduced, including machine learning algorithms such as support vector machine, artificial neural network, and random forest algorithms. Then, the mine fire early warning system and platform are elaborated. On the basis of summarizing the graded early warning technology for spontaneous coal combustion and exogenous fires in mines, the progress of the mine fire early warning system platform in terms of perception layer, network layer, service fusion layer and application layer is introduced. The connotation of each layer of the early warning system and the application framework are summarized, and the intelligent monitoring and early warning system for fires in mines is constructed. Finally, the future development trend of mine fire intelligent monitoring and early warning technology in China is outlooked including following aspects. In terms of intelligent perception technology of mine fire information, it is proposed to strengthen the research and development of sensing technology and equipment. In terms of intelligent prediction technology for mine fires, it is proposed to strengthen the research on the location exploration method of hidden fire sources and construct a transparent model of fire disasters. In terms of the construction of an intelligent early warning system for mine fires, it is proposed to integrate big data into intelligent judgment, identify the risk sources of mine fire and forecast the sources’ location of hidden fire, and realize the early warning of spontaneous coal combustion under special conditions. In terms of the linkage between the intelligent judgment and prevention and control technology for mine fires, it is proposed to utilize large-scale linguistic models to realize the self-adaptive prevention and control of mine fires on the basis of intelligent judgment.

The implementation of the EU’s General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) has resulted in the imposition of over 300 fines since its inception in 2018.These fines include significant penalties for prominent companies like Google, which were penalized for their failure to provide transparent and comprehensible privacy policies.The GDPR, known as the strictest data protection laws in history, has made companies worldwide more cautious when offering cross-border services, particularly to the European Union.The regulation's territorial scope stipulates that it applies to any company providing services to EU citizens, irrespective of their location.This implies that companies worldwide, including domestic enterprises, are required to ensure compliance with GDPR in their privacy policies, especially those involved in international operations.To meet this requirement, an intelligent detection method was introduced.Machine learning and automation technologies were utilized to automatically extract privacy policies from online service companies.The policies were converted into a standardized format with a hierarchical structure.Through natural language processing, the privacy policies were classified, allowing for the identification of relevant GDPR concepts.In addition, a constructed GDPR taxonomy was used in the detection mechanism to identify any missing concepts as required by GDPR.This approach facilitated intelligent detection of GDPR-oriented privacy policy compliance, providing support to domestic enterprises while they provided cross-border services to EU users.Analysis of the corpus samples reveals the current situation that mainstream online service companies generally fail to meet GDPR compliance requirements.

SiC/Cu composites were prepared by hot-pressing powder metallurgy with Al and Mg elements, and the effect of SiC volume percentage on the properties of SiC/Cu composites was studied. X-ray diffraction, Archimedes drainage method, three-point bending method and scanning electron microscope were used to analyze the phase composition, relative density, mechanical properties and micro-morphology of the composite samples, and the thermal conductivity and thermal expansion coefficient were measured. The thermal expansion coefficient of the composite was predicted by ROM mixing law and Turner model. Experimental results show that AlCuMg phase is formed in the matrix of the sample, and the strength is greatly increased, and the mixed fracture is the main type of the sample. The SiC particles are uniformly dispersed in the matrix when the SiC content is low. The density, bending strength, thermal conductivity and thermal expansion coefficient of SiC/Cu composites are 98.81%, 478 MPa, 254.76 W/(m·K) and 11.84 × 10−6/K respectively when the SiC content is 35%. When the content of SiC increases, the agglomeration of SiC particles is serious, and the density, bending strength, thermal conductivity and thermal expansion coefficient of the composites decrease. Its hardness increases at first and then decreases, and reaches the maximum value of 110 HRB when the SiC content is 45%. The Turner model is the closest to the measured values of composites.

In order to deeply explore the influencing factors of intelligent emergency capacity construction in coal mine enterprises, firstly, the confirmatory factors are used to assume the influencing factors of intelligent emergency capacity, and the initial theoretical model is constructed. Secondly, the structural equation model was used to carry out reliability and validity analysis, fit evaluation and mediation effect test for the influencing factors, verify the factor load and path coefficient among the influencing factors, and carry out the research hypothesis test results. Then, the mediation effect test and correction discrimination were carried out for the model. Finally, the model results are analyzed. The results show that monitoring and warning ability and system integration ability have significant positive effects on intelligent emergency response ability. Information management ability and information team ability have positive and positive moderating effect on intelligent emergency capacity building; data processing ability has a significant positive effect on the improvement of intelligent emergency response ability.

Objective To observe the level of exercise tolerance among maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients using the cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) and analysis the factors influencing it. Methods From December 2019 to April 2021, 121 maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients were recruited for cardiopulmonary exercise testing. General profiles, medical history, laboratory indicators and parameters of CPET were recorded to establish a data set. Take peak respiratory uptake as the dependent variable and other indicators of CPET as independent variables for multiple liner regressions analysis. Results A total of 121 patients were recruited. There were 85 males and 36 females with an age range of (28-78) years. Peak respiratory uptake was (12.17±2.56)mL·kg−1·min−1 . Multiple linear regression model as constructed by “stepwise method” indicated that the fitted multiple liner regression equation was statistically significant (F=44.345, P

SiCp/Al composites were prepared by hot-pressing sintering method, and the effect of sintering temperature on the properties of the composites was studied. The phase compositions, relative density, mechanical properties and micro morphology of the composite samples were analyzed through X-ray diffraction, Archimedes drainage method, the three-point bending method and scanning electron microscope. Additionally, the thermal conductivity and thermal expansion coefficient were measured. The results show that SiCp/Al composites are composed of SiC, Al and Mg2Si phases. The addition of Mg improves the wettability between the matrix and SiC particles. With the increase of sintering temperature, the hardness and bending strength of the composites first increase and then decrease, reaching the maximum values of 98 HRB and 275 MPa at 700 ℃, respectively. The thermal conductivity of the composites first increases and then decreases, and the thermal expansion coefficient first decreases and then increases, reaching the maximum value of 218.187 W/(m·K) and the minimum value of 8.6 × 10−6 K−1 at 700 ℃, respectively.

The change of regional hydrodynamic field caused by coal mining process affects the multi-field process of the formation and evolution of mine water quality, which may lead to the pollution of the water environment in the coal mining area. Research on the driving mechanism of the hydrodynamic field and the method of quantitative calculation of key parameters is the premise of quantitative description on the multi-field effects of site pollution in the coal mining areas and its corresponding pollution control. Taking the Menkeqing Coal Mine as the geological background, this paper clarifies the evolution mechanism of the hydrodynamic field of goaf water. According to the difference in the flow path of the hydrodynamic field, it is divided into the stages of water level recovery and filling-up. It reveals the complex process of the formation and evolution of water quality in the goaf, with the hydrodynamic field as the main driving force, and the synergistic effects of multiple fields such as the hydrochemical field and the microbial field. Then the concept model of the water level recovery stage and filling-up stage and the theoretical calculation model of the analytical solution of the key parameters (permeability coefficient, water level, and water volume) of the hydrodynamic field are proposed. The measured data of the similar material simulation test and the three-dimensional box simulation test are compared with the model calculation results. The theoretical calculation of the permeability coefficient and the curve of goaf water level with time and the experimental measurement error are about 13.2% and 22.5%, respectively. The reliability of the theoretical calculation model is verified. Finally, on the basis of the equations of the hydrodynamic field, and the hydrochemical field and the microbial field under the influence of the hydrodynamic field in the goaf, a multi-field coupling effect model dominated by the hydrodynamic field is constructed. The constitutive model provides an inspiration for exploring the formation and evolution of coal mine water quality driven by the coupling of hydrodynamic field. This study supplements and expands the theory of coal mine water pollution prevention and control.

The real-time monitoring and tracking system of mine moving targets is an essential part of the construction of smart mines. The appearance of downhole inspection robots can realize the real-time monitoring of operators, but the existence of uneven lighting, coal dust interference and other factors lead to the traditional image detection algorithm can not accurately detect operators. Based on this, this paper proposes an improved YOLOv5s and DeepSORT algorithm for downhole personnel detection and tracking that can be deployed in downhole inspection robots. Firstly, the data set was made by using the video recorded by the surveillance camera and inspection robot, and then the improved YOLOv5s network was used to identify the underground personnel: Considering that the detection and tracking algorithm for downhole personnel contains complex network structure and huge parameter volume, which limits the response speed of the detection model, this paper uses an improved lightweight network ShuffleNetV2 to replace the original YOLOv5s backbone network CSP-Darknet53. Meanwhile, in order to reduce the interference of complex image background and improve the attention of operators, Transformer self-attention module is integrated into the ShuffleNetV2. Secondly, the FPN+PAN structure in Neck is replaced by BiFPN structure in order to effectively fuse multi-scale features and effectively transmit inference information. Then, improved DeepSORT was used to encode and track personnel: considering that the underground environment was dark, with low illumination and no texture, it was difficult for DeepSORT to effectively extract personnel's appearance information, so DeepSORT's small and medium residual network was replaced by deeper convolution to enhance DeepSORT's appearance information extraction ability. Finally, the improved algorithm is verified by open pedestrian data set and self-built underground personnel detection and tracking data set. The results show that compared with the original YOLOv5s model, the average detection accuracy of the improved detection model is increased by 5.2%, the number of parameters is reduced by 41%, and the speed is increased by 21%. The improved YOLOv5s-DeepSORT downhole personnel tracking method has a precision of 89.17% and a speed of 67FPS, which can be effectively deployed in downhole inspection robots to realize real-time detection and tracking of operators.

ObjectiveIn order to solve the problem that noise detection inside a cabin is difficult due to the complexity and narrow space, a local space planning method of a manipulator based on the goal-oriented rapidly-exploring random tree (RRT) algorithm is proposed. MethodA six-degrees-of-freedom (6-DOF) manipulator is used as the carrier, and a fixture is installed at the end of the manipulator. The four fixed points inside the cabin are used as the reference points to study the mechanical arm in the local space. The trajectory planning is traversed and the reference point-1 is taken as an example to measure the noise of its 6 measurement surfaces and 147 measurement points. The noise signal and the position and attitude information of the space to be measured are matched and analyzed, and the environmental noise of the current measurement point is fed back to form a sound pressure cloud map. ResultsThe experimental results show that the robotic arm can realize trajectory planning and noise measurement for all measurement points corresponding to the four reference points without collision. ConclusionThe proposed method has practical value in being able to realize intelligent planning and internal noise detection in narrow cabin areas.

To comprehensively analyze the composition and contribution of volatile components in Rosa sterilis, the headspace solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and liquid liquid extraction with solvent assisted flavor evaporation (LLE-SAFE) was used, along with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to analyze the volatile components. The odor active value (OAV) was used to evaluate the contribution of volatile components to the overall aroma of R. sterilis juice. The results showed that a total of 115 volatile components were identified using both methods, with 59 identified using HS-SPME and 75 identified using LLE-SAFE. These components included 25 esters, 27 alcohols, 11 aldehydes, 14 ketones, 18 acids, 14 terpenes, and 6 other compounds. Analysis of the odor active value (OAV) showed that 30 volatile components, including isoamyl alcohol, 2-hexenal, ethyl hexanoate, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, hexanal, and hexanoic acid, contributed strongly to the aroma of R. sterilis. This study provides theoretical support for revealing the aroma profile and chemical essence of R. sterilis.

Objective The alpine region is the source area of many large rivers globally, and understanding river-groundwater interactions in the region is critical to the scientific management of watershed water resources. Due to the widespread occurrence of permafrost, the distribution and dynamics of riverbed taliks play a vital role in controlling river-groundwater exchange in alpine regions, leading to the complex, unique characteristics of the hydraulic relationship between them. However, there have been few investigations on river-groundwater interactions in alpine regions due to the harsh field conditions, and these available studies have dominantly used isotope and hydrochemical tracing methods, which are expensive and not accurate. Methods In this study, the low-cost and accurate temperature signal was used as a tracer to quantify the exchange between river and groundwater. A vertical 1D transient heat transport analytical model was used to quantify river-groundwater exchange rates at different depths. The spatiotemporal variations in river-groundwater interactions were analyzed using the temperature data measured by a distributed optical fibre sensing system. Results Results show a substantial spatiotemporal variation in the exchange between river and groundwater in alpine regions. Season and climate can control the exchange rate between river and groundwater, and even the direction of exchange. It is also found that the exchange rate of river and groundwater increases with the depth of the active layer. Conclusion The study indicates that the temperature tracing method is suitable for studying river-groundwater interactions in alpine areas dominated by permafrost. Furthermore, the combination of two temperature tracing methods can effectively improve the accuracy and provide a feasible research framework for alpine regions where hydrogeological data are scarce.

In this experiment, blunt-snout bream was used as raw material, and the pickled blunt-snout bream was processed by two traditional drying methods, sun-drying and shade-drying, and by measuring peroxide value, acid value, anisidine value, polydilute index, carbonyl value, fatty acid content combined with the determination of volatile compounds, electronic nose and sensory evaluation to explore the characteristic flavor compounds of dried fish in different traditional drying methods and overall flavor differences. The results showed that the oxidation value, acid value, anisidine value, polydilute index and carbonyl value of blunt-snout bream dried in sunlight were higher than those in the shade-drying and undried groups. The relative content of unsaturated fatty acids in sun-dried blunt-snout bream was lower than that of shade-dried and undried blunt-snout bream, especially oleic acid (C18:1n9), linoleic acid (C18:2n9), and linolenic acid (C18:3n3) were significantly lower. Different drying methods had a greater impact on the overall odor and volatile flavor compounds of blunt-snout bream. The main types of volatile substances produced by the two drying methods were 28 and 23, respectively, and 20 in the wet group. Most of the characteristic flavor substances in sun dried fish were aldehydes and alcohols. Sun-dried blunt-snout bream had stronger halal flavor and meat flavor, shade-dried blunt-snout bream has more pronounced fishy smell and rancidity, and undried blunt-snout bream had a strong fishy smell and fragrance. The correlation results showed that the aroma compounds of blunt-snout bream were positively correlated with fat oxidation, and significantly negatively correlated with typical monounsaturated fat plugs and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Fat oxidation was an important pathway for the formation of aroma in blunt-snout bream, and sunlight promoted fat oxidation, the formation of flavor and aroma accumulation in blunt-snout bream.

[Introduction] Monopile foundation is currently the most widely used support structure for offshore wind farms. For offshore wind farms in the medium water depth area such as Dafeng, Binhai and Sheyang in China, the design waves are very close to the wave breaking limit. Compared with the traveling wave, the focused waves can form an impact force on the pile column in a short time, which is larger than the conventional wave force, and undermines the operational performance and fatigue life of the offshore wind turbines. [Method] In this paper, NREL 5 MW monopile wind turbine model tests were carried out to investigate the hydrodynamic response of large offshore wind turbines to highly nonlinear waves and other harsh waves in combination with the marine environmental conditions of China's eastern coastal wind farms, focusing on exploring the test techniques for monopile wind turbines, and the mechanism of interaction between focused waves and monopiles under the action of focused waves. [Result] The results show that, the horizontal wave force on the pile foundation, which is significantly transient, will suddenly increase when the focused waves act on the monopile foundation, and receive the reverse impact force at the trough of focused wave fluctuation. [Conclusion] The results are of high theoretical value and have engineering prospect for the safe operation of monopile foundation.

ObjectiveTo explore the prevalence and influencing factors of early-onset scoliosis (EOS, which appears before the age of 10) and adolescent scoliosis (manifesting at the age of 10 and above) among primary and secondary school students in Qinghai province. MethodsTotally 3 582 students aged 5 – 18 years were recruited in 24 primary and secondary schools in 2 municipalities of Qinghai province with stratified cluster sampling. A scoliosis screening was conducted among the students during October 2020 – February 2021 using national standard method (GB/T 16133 – 2014); whole spine X-ray examination was recommended to the students with the angle of trunk rotation (ATR) of ≥ 5° measured with Bunnell Scoliometer. Relevant information of the students were collected from their guardians with a self-designed questionnaire. Detect rates of EOS and juvenile-type scoliosis among the students were compared in statistical analysis and unconditional multivariate logistic regression model was adopted to explore influencing factors of scoliosis. ResultsThe overall detection rate of scoliosis in the students was 5.6% (201/3 582) and the detection rate of EOS was significantly lower than that of adolescent scoliosis (2.9% [58/1 549] vs. 9.3% [143/2 033], P < 0.05). The results of unconditional multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that for adolescent scoliosis, age increment (odd ratio [OR] = 1.23), paternal occupation (herder versus farmer: OR = 5.89), maternal occupation compared to being farmer (herder: OR = 59.85, doing business: OR = 10.62, being self-employed: OR = 19.41) were significant risk factors; but higher body mass index (OR = 0.75) and higher maternal education (OR = 0.55) were significant protective factors against scoliosis; while for EOS, age increment was a significant risk factor (OR = 1.88) and significant protective factors including higher parity number ( ≥ 2 versus 1: OR = 0.27), being born in summer (OR = 0.27) and in autumn (OR = 0.19) in contrast to being born in spring. ConclusionAmong 5 – 18 years old primary and secondary school students in Qinghai province, the detection rate of adolescent scoliosis is higher than that of EOS; the prevalence of adolescent scoliosis is influenced significantly by body mass index, maternal education and parental occupation but that of EOS is affected by parity and birth season.

Eight samples of No.11 coal in Sangshuping Mine were used for organic geochemical study, Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF) were combined with the test results of proximate analysis, sulfur forms and random vitrinite reflectance, the organic matter sources and coal-forming environment of No.11 coal from the Sangshuping mine, Shaanxi Province were comprehensively analyzed. The results indicate that the total sulfur content of the coal sample is 3.29%, and the mean vitrinite oil-leaching reflectance is 2.01%, which is high-sulfur lean coal. The phase parameters of major elements indicate that the coal samples are mainly formed in reductive sedimentary environment. There are two types of carbon number distribution of n-alkanes in saturated hydrocarbon: the front peak type main carbon peak is C16, and the back peak type is main carbon C26; Combined with the distribution characteristics of ∑C22−/∑C23+、(C21+C22)/(C28+C29)、Pr/nC17、Ph/nC18 indicated that the parent material of organic matter come from aquatic organisms and higher plants. The OEP value was between 0.49 to 1.05,with an average value of 0.84, indicating that No.11 coal of Sangshuping has undergone different degrees of biodegradation. In the analysis of saturated hydrocarbon steroidal terpanes, the ratio of w(Ts)/w(Tm) is between 0.83-1.21 and w(Ts)/[w(Ts)+w(Tm)] is between 0.45-0.55, indicating that the thermal evolution degree of coal sample is high. In the analysis of aromatic compounds, the methyl rearrangement of trimethylnaphthalene and the distribution characteristics of methyl phenanthrene index are correlated with the high thermal evolution degree of coal samples. The aromatic hydrocarbons were dominated by naphthalene, phenanthrene and biphenyl series, and the sulfur-containing compounds in the trifluorene series (oxygen-fluorene, sulfur-fluorene, fluorene) are obviously higher than the oxygen-containing compounds, which also indicates the coal-forming environment under higher salinity partial reduction conditions.

In coal mine production, advance and precise identification of coal-rock interface can improve recovery and reduce mining risk, which is one of the bottleneck technologies to realize intelligent coal mining. Azimuth electromagnetic wave logging instrument has larger detecting depth and the azimuth resolution ability, which has a certain advantage in coal-rock interface detection, in order to study the oil the applicability of the azimuth electromagnetic wave instrument Periscope in coalfield well logging, coal log level layered formation model was established, using the generalized reflection coefficient method and finite element numerical simulation method, Taking Periscope as an example, the detection characteristics of coal seam boundary are investigated. Application of Periscope instrument transmitting frequency and spacing, set its instrument radius drill pipe radius of the commonly used for coal mine, the simulation results show that the geological response in line with the typical characteristics of signals in the interface, geological signal change with instrument rotation Angle with periodic response, frequency and delineation of distance is not a simple positive correlation, spaced and offset distance have positive correlation, The geological signal amplitude increases with the increase of coal layer thickness, but when the thickness increases to a certain value, the geological signal does not change with the thickness. When the eccentricity is large, the geological signal is affected by the eccentricity, and the azimuth electromagnetic wave measurement response can reflect the resistivity change of the goaf. Results show that the geological signal detection ability of the coal rock boundary by frequency resistivity contrast, layer thickness, spacing, and a variety of factors, such as electromagnetic wave instrument Periscope bearing geological signal has the azimuth resolution, can be used to set of coal rock interface detection model and identification of mined-out area, but in the case of surrounding rock and coal seam resistivity are high, It is necessary to increase the source distance of the instrument or select the appropriate transmission frequency to meet the requirements of the measurement signal intensity.

Ultra-fine iron powder was prepared by water-gas atomization process. The physical properties and the micro morphologies of the ultra-fine iron powder, the reduced iron powder and the carbonyl iron powder were compared. The sintered blocks of three kinds of iron powders were prepared under a certain hot pressing process, and their fracture morphologies and mechanical properties were investigated. At the same time, the three kinds of iron powders were applied to the transition layer of laser welding saw blades under certain welding conditions to investigate their welding performances. The results show that the ultra-fine iron powder prepared by water-gas atomization process has fine particles, lower oxygen content, higher purity and sphericity, and better sintering activity. There are obvious dimple structures on the fracture surface of the sintered block, which has higher toughness and can achieve greater density, hardness and bending strength at lower sintering temperature. When the ultra-fine iron powder is applied to the transition layer of the laser welding saw blade, the welding strength of the saw blade is much higher than 600 MPa specified in the EU EN13236 standard. When the sintering pressure is 35 MPa, the sintering temperature is 810 ℃ and the holding time is 3 min, the cutter head is made, and then the saw blade is made with this cutter head. The maximum welding strength of the saw blade is 1 900 MPa.

To make comprehensive use of maize stover, cellulase degradation of maize stover was accelerated. In this paper, maize straw was used as raw material, and reducing sugar yield was the main indicator. The reducing sugar yield was determined by the DNS method after enzymatic digestion of maize straw by ammonification pretreatment, and the effects of ammonification agent type, concentration, solid content and ammonification time on the enzymatic sugar production from maize straw were investigated. The results showed that the highest reducing sugar yield of 314.18 mg/mL was achieved under this condition with ammonium carbonate as the ammoniating agent, ammoniating agent concentration of 20%, solid content of 50% and ammoniating time of 11 d, which was 51.80% higher compared to direct enzymatic digestion of the straw. In addition, it was found by SEM that the structure of lignin and cellulose changed after the ammoniated pretreatment of rice straw with ammonium carbonate, with the surface structure becoming rough and loose and the cellulose exposed, which was more favorable to the action of cellulase. In addition, FTIR revealed that the absorption peaks of maize straw at 2920 and 1650 cm−1 were weakened after ammoniation treatment, and the reduction of their peaks represented to some extent the destruction of the lignin structure. Overall, the enzymatic digestion of maize stover was more favorable after the ammoniated pretreatment of maize stover with ammonium carbonate.

In order to explore the effects of different amounts of mogroside (0%, 0.1%, 0.3%, 0.5%) on the quality and the storage stability of stewed pork belly. By measuring the sensory, texture, color of the stewed pork belly, as well as the pH value, TBARS value, total number of bacterial colonies and other indicators during storage, the analysis showed: When 0.3% mogroside was added, the stewed pork belly had the best taste, bright color, aroma and sweetness of Siraitia grosvenorii, and obvious effect of inhibiting fat oxidation (P

Channa argus is a bottom-dwelling freshwater fish with high nutritional and economic value and, in China, is known as the "treasure of fish". C. argus meat is mainly used to produce fish fillets; however, head and bone are occasionally utilized in food production. The head of C. argus is rich in mineral elements, amino acids, and unsaturated fatty acids and is commonly used in China for fish head soup. The preparation of fish head soup is particularly time-consuming and can take several hours. Therefore, a high demand exists for the research and development of instant fish head soup products. With the development of modern food colloid research technology, the formation of micro/nanoparticles (MNPs) in soups and the biological effects of the tissue units as active ingredients have attracted increasing attention. In terms of the cooking process of fish soup, in addition to the heating method and cooking time, the seasoning added during cooking is also an important factor. In particular, salt is a key determinant of soup flavor. Although the content is the same, the addition of salt affects the dissolution and migration of nutrients from the fish head during the cooking process. However, the effect of the addition time of salt on the nutritious flavor during the preparation of fish soup has not been studied clearly. Furthermore, the stability of fish soup has not been adequately evaluated.In this work, the C. argus head was chosen as the base material for the soup and the nutrient migration and particles in the C. argus head soup were studied. Water-soluble protein, total sugar, total minerals, solids, nucleotides, free amino acid content, and colloidal particle stability were chosen as indicators to evaluate the transfer of nutrients and flavor. In addition, the morphological structure and distribution of MNPs in the soup were observed using laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM). The results showed that the content of water-soluble proteins first increased and then decreased with the delay in salt addition time. The migration trend of total sugars was similar to that of the proteins. Meanwhile, the ash content in the soup generally increased and then decreased. The change in the content of soluble solids could represent changes in various nutrients. The migration of solids and the content of ash peaked when the salting time was at 90 min. The boiled samples with salt added at different times showed significant differences in the migration of nucleotides. It could be concluded that salting was ideal at 60 min or 90 min, based on the changes in the total amount of nucleotides. Furthermore, the contents of total free amino acids and umami-flavored amino acids were also the highest in the samples with salt added at 60 min or 90 min. When the addition time was 60 min, the stability of the MNP system in the fish head soup could effectively be improved by inhibiting the aggregation of macromolecules, which would promote the retention of various nutrients. The particle size and polydispersity (PDI) were lowest in the samples with salt added at 60 min. In addition, the zeta potential value of the sample with salt added at 60 min was higher than that at 90 min. Therefore, the system was relatively stable at 60 min, which was conducive to nutrient retention. This is consistent with the results of the microstructure analysis.The maximum dissolution of nutrients and flavor substances occurred when salt was added after boiling for 60 min. Meanwhile, MNPs in the soup were stable, uniform, double-layer, spherical particles. The results of LSCM showed that nonpolar triglycerides self-assembled into spherical particles, which were located in the center of the particles, and protein molecules dispersed around or were bound to the surface of the particles. The fish head soup system was the most stable under the conditions of particle size, potential, and polydispersion index. Therefore, adding salt after boiling for 60 min was the optimal procedure for making fish soup with high nutritional value, delicious taste, and stable content. This study provides a baseline procedure for C. argus head soup with high and stable nutritional content.The results provide technical support for preparing a convenient and delicious fish head soup. People can enjoy delicious food shortly after a hard day´s work. In addition, the results showed that the timing of adding salt had a significant impact on the nutrition of fish head soup, which suggests that attention should be paid to the timing of adding salt when preparing fish head soup at home. C. argus head, a by-product of processing, can increase in value and provide a solution for producers to decrease waste and increase profits.

The development of coalbed methane resources in China has broad prospects, and the evolution process of coalbed water and its transportation law has important impacts on coalbed methane production capacity. This paper clarifies the composition, properties, sources and isotopic chronology of coal reservoir water, analyzes the expansion law of the pressure drop funnel and the inter-well interference mechanism during the water transport process, discusses the reservoir damage that may be caused by the water transport during drainage, and puts forward several suggestions for coalbed methane development according to the evolution of coal reservoir water and its transport and migration law during production. The results show that: (1) coal reservoir water is originated from primary sedimentary water, infiltration water, deep-forming water and diagenetic water, and the sodium-chlorine coefficient (rNa+/rCl−), Scholler coefficient (IBE), and mineralization degree of the original sedimentary water is0.129, and >10000 mg/L, respectively; corresponding values of infiltration water are the opposite of these relations; the δD and δ18O of deep-forming water is ranged from −80‰ to+40‰ and +7‰ to +9.5 ‰, respectively; the δD and δ18O of diagenetic water is ranged from −65‰ to −20‰ and +5‰ to+25‰, respectively; (2) the geochemical characteristics of coal reservoir water have important indicative significances for the enrichment and development of coalbed methane, and the high gas-containing areas of coalbed methane usually have the characteristics of low sodium-chlorine coefficient, low desulfurization coefficient, low magnesium-calcium coefficient, and high degree of metamorphism, correspondingly, the low gas-containing areas have the opposite characters; (3) the pressure drop funnel propagation during coal reservoir water transport and migration and the interference between wells are conducive to improve the coalbed methane production, and most of the coalbed methane wells in China are deployed by rectangular or diamond-shaped well networks, and the optimal well space is usually ranged between 250m and 400m; (4) the water transport of coal reservoirs can cause pulverized coal to block the formation, water lock damage, water sensitive damage, and velocity sensitive damage. To reduce reservoir damage, implementing reasonable drainage strength, optimizing the well network, and adding waterproof locking agent and pulverized coal dispersant to the incoming fluid are suggested. The research results can provide a certain theoretical basis for improving the exploration efficiency and coalbed methane yield in China.

To solve the problems of convolutional neural network–principal component analysis (CNN-PCA) in fine description and generalization of complex reservoir geological features, a 3D attention U-Net network was proposed not using a trained C3D video motion analysis model to extract the style of a 3D model, and applied to complement the details of geologic model lost in the dimension reduction of PCA method in this study. The 3D attention U-Net network was applied to a complex river channel sandstone reservoir to test its effects. The results show that compared with CNN-PCA method, the 3D attention U-Net network could better complement the details of geological model lost in the PCA dimension reduction, better reflect the fluid flow features in the original geologic model, and improve history matching results.

Interaction between microbial plays an important role in Baijiu brewing. Cyberlindnera fabianii and Clavispora lusitaniae are common non-Saccharomyces yeast in Baijiu brewing, but their interaction with mold is not clear. This study focused on sensory evaluation, content of volatile flavor substances, yeast biomass, enzyme activity and metabolites, and discussed the interaction between C. fabianii HY-11, C. lusitaniae HY-21 and Aspergillus oryzae M-08 in the brewing process. Results showed that, when two non-Saccharomyces yeasts were co-cultured with A. oryzae M-08, respectively, the biomass of C. fabianii HY-11 and C. lusitaniae HY-21 were 4.96 and 0.97-fold higher and alpha-amylases increased by 70.31 and 107.73-fold than that of pure fermentation using single yeast. These results indicated that the two yeasts were dependent on A. oryzae M-08. Compared with C. lusitaniae HY-21, the mixed fermentation of C. fabianii HY-11 and A. oryzae M-08 showed better flavor. After 6 days of fermentation, strong cantaloupe, wine and ester aroma were obtained. The total amount of volatile flavor substances was up to 1408.97 μg/g, which was 381.87-fold higher than that under single yeast fermentation condition. A. oryzae M-08 interacted well with C. fabianii HY-11 and C. lusitaniae HY-21. Compared with the single yeast fermentation system, the level of free amino acids in the mixed fermentation system increased by 105.02 and 3837.29 μg/g, and the esterase activity increased by 27.67 and 387.82 U/g, respectively. Therefore, the metabolism of volatile flavor substances was promoted. This study elucidates the relationship between two non-Saccharomyces yeasts and A. oryzae M-08 and their flavor characteristics, providing a theoretical basis for their rational application.

Text annotation is an important step in text analysis and mining.Manual labeling can no longer meet the needs of humanistic research faced with large-scale text resources, and due to the special grammatical structure and language characteristics of ancient works, the text annotation technology on modern corpora cannot be directly applied to the ancient works.Based on the analysis of the challenges faced by humanities researchers, a universal standard text annotation process of ancient works was proposed, and a model based on MARKUS was given.And ancient works annotation method based on this model through specific example was explored, to promote using tools to change the research methods in digital humanities and to expand the scale of research.

The click-through rate (CTR) prediction task is to estimate the probability that a user will click an item according to the features of user, item, and contexts. At present, CTR prediction has become a common and indispensable task in the field of e-commerce. Higher accuracy of CTR prediction results conduces to present more accurate and personalized results for recommendation systems and search engines to increase users’ actual CTR of items and bring more economic benefits. More researchers used a deep neural network (DNN) to solve the CTR prediction problem under the background of big data technology in recent years. However, there are a few models that can process time series data and fully consider the context information of users’ history effectively and efficiently. CTR prediction models based on a DNN learn users’ interests from their history; however, most of the existing models regard user interest, ignoring the differences between the long-term and short-term interests. This paper proposes a CTR prediction model named Long- and Short-Term Interest Network (LSTIN) to fully use the context information and order information of user history records. This use will help improve the accuracy and training efficiency of the CTR prediction model. Based on the attention mechanism, the transformer and activation unit structure are used to model long-term and short-term user interests. The latter is processed using the recurrent and convolutional neural networks further. Eventually, a fully-connected neural network is applied for prediction. Different from DeepFM and Deep Interest Network (DIN) in experiments on an Amazon public dataset, LSTIN achieves modeling with context and order information of user history. The AUC of LSTIN is 85.831%, which is 1.154% higher than that of BaseModel and 0.476% higher than that of DIN. Besides, LSTIN achieves distinguishing the long-term and short-term interests of users, which improves the performance and maintains the training efficiency of the CTR prediction model.

In recent years, the corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has had a huge impact on the global medical, political and economic fields. Since the beginning of the COVID-19 epidemic, our understanding of the impact of COVID-19 has grown exponentially. Recently, the COVID-19 epidemic has changed rapidly in China, and there has been controversy over how to carry out surgical operations for patients with lung neoplastic lesions. Some studies have shown that lung cancer patients undergoing surgery are more likely to experience respiratory failure and perioperative death after contracting COVID-19 than the general population, however, delays in cancer treatment are also associated with increased mortality among these patients. In particular, the novel coronavirus Omikron variant has a higher transmissibility and may escape the immunity obtained through the previous novel coronavirus infection and vaccination. In order to minimize the risk of novel coronavirus infection in surgical patients, it is necessary to develop new treatment guidelines, expert consensus and preventive measures. However, the current rapid change of the epidemic situation has led to insufficient time and evidence to develop guidelines and consensus. Therefore, thoracic surgeons need to evaluate specific patient populations at higher risk of severe complications before surgery and weigh the benefit of surgical treatment against the risk of novel coronavirus infection. We try to give some recommendations on lung surgery during the current domestic epidemic situation based on the guidelines and consensus of oncology and thoracic surgery organizations in different regions on lung surgery.

Objective To reveal the association between different types of panniculitis and tuberculosis infection. Methods The clinical data of 33 patients with panniculitis were collected from January 2019 to December 2021 and analyzed association of epidemiology, clinical features, and pathological features with tuberculosis infection, efficacy of anti-tuberculosis treatment, and adverse reactions in some patients, and follow-up after the treatment. Results ①Among the 33 patients with panniculitis, 24 cases were erythema nodosum and 9 cases were Bazin's disease. The male to female ratio was 1∶4.5. The average age was 46 years, and the average disease duration was 10 months. ②The lesions with pain, erythema, nodules and swelling were observed in 90.91% of the patients, including a case of Bazin's disease with ulcer (3.03%). Fever, cough and night sweats were found in 18.18% of patients. Two cases with Bazin's disease had papulonecrotic tuberculid, and two patients with erythema nodosum had systemic multi-joint pain. ③Twenty-two of 33 (66.67%) patients with panniculitis were associated with tuberculosis infection. There were 9 cases of Bazin's disease and 13 cases of erythema nodosum with mycobacterium tuberculosis latent infection (LTBI). The positive rate of tuberculosis infection was significantly higher in patients with erythema induratum than in patients with erythema nodosum (P=0.020).④The pathological manifestations included septal panniculitis (11 cases), lobular panniculitis (3 cases) and mixed panniculitis (19 cases). Epithelial-cell granulomas, multinucleated giant cells, and caseous necrosis were seen in 22 patients associated with tuberculosis infection. Perivascular and fat septal lymphocytic infiltration in the dermis were observed in 11 patients unrelated to tuberculosis infection, with no epithelioid granuloma or multinucleated giant cells. All 33 patients showed negative for acid-fast staining, PAS staining and direct immunofluorescence. ⑤Among the 22 cases related to tuberculosis infection, 15 cases received anti-tuberculosis treatment, resulting in a cure rate of 68.18%, while the cure rate was 14.29% in 7 cases who declined anti-tuberculosis. Eleven patients unrelated tuberculosis infection were cured following the treatments with immunomodulatory combination therapy. No serious adverse drug reactions were observed. Conclusions The positive rate of tuberculosis infection in patients with Bazin's disease was significantly higher than that in patients with erythema nodosum. In patients with tuberculosis infection-related panniculitis, the cure rate of anti-tuberculosis therapy was significantly higher than that of immunomodulatory combination therapy. For erythema nodosum with no evidence of tuberculosis infection, immunoregulatory therapy may be effective. The etiology of erythema nodosum may be related to tuberculosis infection.

The nutrient composition, yield, water-holding capacity, texture and microstructure of Procambraus clarkii meat from April to June 2020 and three sizes (S: 10~20 g, M: 20~30 g, L: 30~40 g) of crayfish were analyzed and compared. The results showed that the moisture content of crayfish meat tended to decrease with the month of harvesting from April to June, the ash content of crayfish meat was highest in the three sizes of crayfish in May, the 6-S protein content was highest in the S group in June, and the 4-L crude fat content was lowest in the L group in April. The crayfish meat yield decreased with size and month. The pH of crayfish meat was mainly neutral (7.09~7.22). The water-holding capacity of L decreased with increasing sampling month, and the crayfish of S and M showed a trend of decreasing and then increasing. The surface hardness of crayfish flesh gradually decreased and internal hardness increased significantly (P

In this paper, the different dumping process (0, 3, 7, 15, 30 d) of Zhenjiang vinegar was studied in order to better control the quality. The contents of total acid, reducing sugar, nonvolatile acid, amino acid nitrogen, organic acid, amino acid and volatile substances in different dumping processes were analyzed. The results showed that the contents of total acid, nonvolatile acid and lactic acid in vinegar were significantly (P

The free-spanning submarine pipeline has complex interaction with the surrounding soil during post-trenching, but its structural response mechanism is still not verified by physical simulation. Herein, a submarine pipeline model was designed based on the elasticity-gravity similitude law, the strain response of the whole pipeline was measured by distributed fiber optic sensors, and the physical simulation test was carried out for the post-trenching of free-spanning submarine pipelines. The test results show that the stress concentration at the mid-span and reverse bending section on both sides of the pipeline will also increase with the increasing of free span in length. In addition, two new asymmetric free spans with the mid-span and the slope shoulders on both sides as the boundary will be formed when the pipeline touches the ground in the process of post-trenching, and obvious stress release occurs at the mid-span and the reverse bending section on both sides. Since then, with the increasing of excavation length, the mid-span stress concentration of the two new free spans shifts to both ends of the pipeline. Meanwhile, the stress concentration of the reverse bending sections on both sides also shifts to both ends and tends to be stable. In general, the research results could provide a scientific reference for the treatment of free-spanning submarine pipelines.

Objective: To purify and comprehensive identify αS1-casein from bovine caseins and prepare rabbit polyclonal antibody against αS1-casein. Method: DEAE Sepharose Fast Flow anion exchange chromatography was used to separate and purify αS1-casein. The physicochemical property (isoelectric point and protein content), immunological technique and mass spectrometry were used to comprehensively identify αS1-casein. Then the αS1-casein was obtained by dialysis and lyophilization, polyclonal antibody was prepared by immunizing New Zealand white rabbit with the purified αS1-casein, and the specificity of polyclonal antibody was analyzed. Result: Among the four kinds of caseins, αS1-casein had the latest peak time, the largest peak area in anion exchange chromatography and the highest position in the electrophoretic diagram. Finally, the purity of αS1-casein was 94.26%, and the yield was 27.19%. The titers of sera from two rabbits inoculated with purified αS1-casein for five times reached 1280000 and 320000, respectively. In addition to the slight cross reaction with soybean protein (

Temperature-triaxial pressure permeability testing at the axial pressure of 8 MPa and confining pressure of 10 MPa, closed shale system pyrolysis experiment by electrical heating and scanning electron microscopy analysis are used to study the evolution mechanism of in-situ permeability in the direction parallel to bedding of low-maturity shale from Member 2 (K2n2) of Cretaceous Nenjiang Formation in northern Songliao Basin with mainly Type I kerogen under the effect of temperature. With the increasing temperature, the in-situ permeability presents a peak-valley-peak tendency. The lowest value of in-situ permeability occurs at 375 °C. Under the same temperature, the in-situ permeability decreases with the increase of pore pressure. The in-situ permeability evolution of low-maturity shale can be divided into 5 stages: (1) From 25 °C to 300 °C, thermal cracking and dehydration of clay minerals improve the permeability. However, the value of permeability is less than 0.01×10−3 μm2; (2) From 300 °C to 350 °C, organic matter pyrolysis and hydrocarbon expulsion result in mineral intergranular pores and micron pore-fractures, these pores and fractures form an interconnected pore network at limited scale, improving the permeability. But the liquid hydrocarbon, with high content of viscous asphaltene, is more difficult to move under stress and more likely to retain in pores, causing slow rise of the permeability. (3) From 350 °C to 375 °C, pores are formed by organic matter pyrolysis, but the adsorption swelling of liquid hydrocarbon and additional expansion thermal stress constrained by surrounding stress compress the pore-fracture space, making liquid hydrocarbon difficult to expel and permeability reduce rapidly. (4) From 375 °C to 450°C, the interconnected pore network between different mineral particles after organic matter conversion, enlarged pores and transformation of clay minerals promote the permeability to increase constantly even under stress constraints. (5) From 450°C to 500 °C, the stable pore system and crossed fracture system in different bedding directions significantly enhance the permeability. The organic matter pyrolysis, pore-fracture structure and surrounding stress in the different stages are the key factors affecting the evolution of in-situ permeability.

To achieve the all-optical pattern matching for optoelectronic firewall which could process high-speed optical signals efficiently, a BPSK all-optical pattern recognition system with the data rate up to 42 Gbit/s was proposed and demonstrated by employing the commercial optical components.First, the input BPSK sequence was converted to a positive and a negative IM signals by adding in-phase and inverse-phase coherent carriers, respectively.Then the converted IM signals were coupled into time delay lines and optical AND logic gates implemented by HNLF to achieve the optical correlation operation.In the end, a high-level optical pulse indicating the pattern matched result was output.The numerical simulation and the experiment results demonstrate that the proposed system can recognize a 4-bit target BPSK sequence from an 8-bit 42 Gbit/s BPSK input sequence, which proves the feasibility of the all-optical pattern matching of BPSK signals and can be applied to high-speed optoelectronic firewall.

Ground temperature is an important variable affecting the thermal interaction between atmosphere and land.However， due to its strong small-scale variation characteristics， the study of ground temperature variation has been restricted by the insufficient spatial and temporal resolution of the observations.Based on the observation data of automatic stations with high spatial-temporal resolution in China in January and July 2019， the reproduction ability of two reanalysis data， GFS （Global Forecast System） and era5 （European Center for medium range weather forecasts fifth reanalysis data）， to the variation characteristics of ground temperature in eastern China is analyzed.The results show that the surface 2m temperature and ground temperature of the two reanalysis data have obvious diurnal variation characteristics， but the difference between the observation and the reanalysis data has obvious diurnal characteristics.Further analysis shows that the diurnal characteristics of the difference is mainly due to the systematic phase bias of the two reanalysis data in the simulation of the diurnal variation of ground temperature in China， and the phase bias also has an obvious longitude dependence.The possible causes of the diurnal variation of the errors are also discussed by comparative analysis of the errors in each latitude band.