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【Objective】The study was carried out to explore the effects of acute hypoxia on the survival of juvenile Eleutheronema tetradactylum and their spleen and heart tissue structure, with a view to providing technical support and theoretical references for the breeding and production of this species.【Method】Filling water with nitrogen to quickly overflow oxygen and reduce the content of dissolved oxygen in the water. Different levels of dissolved oxygen treatment were set in the experiment: normal oxygen group (6.33 ± 0.15 mg/L), moderate hypoxia group (3.99 ± 0.18 mg/L), and severe hypoxia group (2.05 ± 0.15 mg/L). Each treatment group was set up with 3 parallel devices. During the experiment, the flowing water was turned off, and the dissolved oxygen level in the water was monitored in real time by using a dissolved oxygen measuring instrument. The corresponding dissolved oxygen level was maintained by adjusting the size of the inflation valve. Using paraffin embedding, sectioning and hematoxylin eosin (HE) staining methods were used to observe the changes in tissue structure of the heart and spleen of juvenile E. tetradactylum.【Result】In terms of mortality rate, there was no mortality observed in the E. tetradactylum in the normal oxygen group; the mortality rates of juvenile fish under the stress in the moderate and severe hypoxia groups were 10.0%-13.3% at 23 hours, 30.0%-40.0% at 26 hours, and 43.3%-53.3% at 29 hours. In terms of spleen tissue structure, compared with the normal oxygen group, the moderate hypoxia group showed an increase in white pulp and the number of lymphocyte in juvenile fish, sparse distribution of peripheral red pulp, and a decrease in the number of melanin macrophages; the red pulp area of juvenile fish in the severe hypoxia group expanded, with a decrease in the white pulp area and the number of lymphocytes, and melanin macrophages rarely appearing. In terms of heart tissue structure, the compact layer of heart tissue in juvenile fish in the moderate hypoxia group became thinner, the myocardial fibers in the sponge layer became thinner, and the spacing became wider, and partial myocardial fiber rupture phenomenon occurred; the degree of thinning of the compact layer and thinning of the myocardial fibers in the sponge layer of juvenile fish in the severely hypoxic group increased, and the degree of expansion of the interstitial space increased compared to the hypoxic group, with partial myocardial cell rupture, nucleus protrusion, myocardial fiber rupture, and disordered arrangement.【Conclusion】The study has shown that acute hypoxia stress can affect the survival rate of juvenile E. tetradactylum. The lower the dissolved oxygen level, the higher the mortality rate, and the degree of tissue structure damage increases with the level of hypoxia.

【Objective】The effects of different mass concentrations of MS-222 and eugenol stresses on gill and liver tissue damage in juvenile Eleutheronema tetradactylum were studied.【Method】Seven different mass concentrations of MS-222 (20, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50 and 60 mg/L) and seven different mass concentrations of eugenol (5, 10, 20, 25, 30, 40 and 50 mg/L) were set to analyze the static anaesthesia effects of different treatments on juvenile E. tetradactylum with an average length of 4.5 (±0.5) cm and an average body weight of 1.5 (±0.5) g.【Result】When the concentration of MS-222 was not less than 35 mg/ L, the juvenile fish began to show stress reactions after 467 s of anesthesia. When the concentration was 50 mg/L, some juvenile fish could be induced into the anesthesia period. When the concentration was 60 mg/L, all juvenile fish could be induced into the anesthesia period after 293 s. When the concentration of eugenol was not less than 25 mg/L, the juvenile fish began to exhibit stress reactions after 291 s of anaesthesia; when the concentration was 30 mg/L, some juvenile fish could be induced into the anaesthesia period; when the concentrations were 40 and 50 mg/L, all juvenile fish could be induced into the anaesthesia period at 194 s and 102 s, respectively. With the increase of MS-222 and eugenol concentrations, the time for juvenile fish to enter the same anaesthesia period was significantly shortened (P < 0.05). At high concentrations, the time for juvenile fish to enter the anaesthesia period was too fast, which exceeded the tolerance value and may have a certain toxic effect on the fish body, leading to fish death. By observing the pathological sections of juvenile fish tissues, it was found that, with the increase of MS-222 and eugenol concentrations, the liver cells of juvenile fish showed vacuoles, disordered arrangement, nuclear dissolution visible in the nucleus and unclear liver plate structure. The gill lamellae were curved with enlarged ends, and they may burst or fall off in severe cases.【Conclusion】A moderate dosage of anaesthetic can reduce the stress response of fish to the external environment and reduce oxygen consumption. Different concentrations of MS-222 and eugenol (except for 5 mg/L) have a sedative effect on E. tetradactylum within 3 minutes. When the concentrations of the two anaesthetics are too high, the anaesthesia time is too long, and the juvenile fish are in a state of stress for a long time, the fish will die.

In order to explore the impact of high-intensity mining activities on groundwater, a mine field in Shendong Coal Mine Area of Inner Mongolia is selected as the research object. This mine is characterized by a large proportion of mining area on the plane, a large mining size in space and a fast mining speed in time. Based on the collection of relevant hydrometeorological and survey data, the Groundwater Modeling System numerical simulation software was used to establish a Groundwater flow model in accordance with the hydrogeological conditions of the study area. The Groundwater level and flow field under the influence of mining in the study area in the next 10 years were predicted and analyzed. The equilibrium state of groundwater is also analyzed. The results show that the disturbance of Zhiluo group Aquifer is most affected by high intensity mining, and several water level drop funnels are formed in the mining area. The water level in the center of the drop funnels increases from 105 m at the end of the first year to 351 m at the end of the tenth year, and the overall groundwater level and runoff conditions of this layer are changed. The influence of high intensity mining on the aquifer of Zhidan Group is small, and the water flow field changes only in the local position above the mine. In 10 years, the water level at the mining center decreases from 20 m to 116 m. According to the water balance analysis, the total groundwater recharge is 357 589.74 m3/d, and the total excretion is 357 563.62 m3/d, with an error of 0.0073%. Rainfall infiltration is the main recharge source in the study area, accounting for 51.90%, followed by river recharge, accounting for 45.21%. River drainage was the main way of discharge, accounting for 78.24%, followed by phreatic evaporation, accounting for 9.82%, and mine drainage, accounting for 4.52%. The recharge and discharge of the Zhidan group and Zhiluo group account for 12.0% and 5.7% of the total mean measurement in the region, respectively, and mine drainage is the main discharge mode of the Zhiluo Formation aquifers, accounting for 71.3%. The research results provide some basis for the protection of production safety and sustainable development in mining areas.

【Objective】To investigate the effects of acute fresh water stress on the morphological changes of gill, heart, spleen and liver of juvenile Eleutheronema tetradactylum, in order to provide reference for exploring low salinity culture techniques and selection of good breeds.【Methods】Juvenile E. tetradactylum, temporarily reared at salinity 9, with an average overall length of 2.31 cm and an average body mass of 3.81 g, were placed directly into an aquarium with a salinity of 0. Live samples were taken at 2, 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 h. Histological methods were used to study the gill, heart, spleen and liver structures of juvenile E. tetradactylum under different durations of acute fresh water stress.【Results】In juvenile E. tetradactylum, the length of the gill lamellae tended to increase gradually, the spacing of the gill lamellae increased and then decreased, the width of the gill lamellae decreased and then increased, and the number of mitochondria-rich cells continued to increase when exposed to acute freshwater stress. The number of mitochondria-rich cells continued to increase. The size of the myocardial transverse muscle, the size of the myocardial cell gap and the size of the interstitial vessels all showed a trend of increasing and then decreasing. The peak of myocardial transverse muscle size was 12 h, and the peak of myocardial interstitial and interstitial vessel size was 24 h. The white marrow area and marginal zone area gradually increased from 0 to 24 h, and the colour of melanin macrophages also gradually deepened, reaching a peak at 24 h and then gradually decreasing. 72 h later, the red marrow, marginal zone, white marrow and melanin macrophages were roughly restored to the level of the control group. In the control group, the hepatocytes were large, polyhedral, with rounded nuclei and centrally located, and some hepatocytes had 2-3 nuclei; the hepatic plate was clearly defined; the hepatic blood sinusoids were normally distributed among the hepatocytes. During 24h of stress, the hepatic plate structure was gradually blurred and the gap between the hepatic blood sinusoids was gradually widened, reaching a peak at 24h of stress; during 24-72h of stress, the hepatic plate structure gradually regained clarity, the gap between the hepatic blood sinusoids was gradually reduced and some nuclei lost their intrinsic morphology.【Conclusion】Some tissues of juvenile E. tetradactylum showed stress reaction during 0-24 h, but adapted to the low-salt environment after 24 h. However, there were still some tissues that had difficulty in recovering to the control level after being subjected to low salt stress. This indicates that juvenile E. tetradactylum have some ability to adapt to low salt stress.

生物柴油低温过滤阻塞性能差是阻碍生物柴油发展的重要原因之一。为了加强生物柴油行业规范化，促进生物柴油产业健康发展，综述了生物柴油低温过滤阻塞性能的影响因素和评价方法，并根据不同影响因素提出了建议。生物柴油中饱和脂肪酸甲酯、脂肪酸甘油酯、游离甘油、甾醇糖苷均会影响生物柴油低温过滤阻塞性能。可通过调变生物柴油分子结构，添加流动性改进剂和冷冻分离饱和脂肪酸甲酯等方法，减少饱和脂肪酸甲酯对生物柴油低温过滤阻塞性能的负面影响。ASTM D7501是评价生物柴油低温过滤阻塞性能的有效方法。在ASTM D7501基础上，制定的适用于我国生物柴油低温过滤阻塞性能评价的试验方法，对于促进我国生物柴油产品品质提升具有现实意义。 Poor biodiesel low-temperature filtration blocking performance is one of the important reasons hindering the development of biodiesel. In order to strengthen the standardization of biodiesel industry and promote the healthy development of biodiesel industry, the influencing factors and evaluation methods of low-temperature filtration blocking performance of biodiesel were reviewed, and suggestions were made according to different influencing factors. Saturated fatty acid methyl esters, fatty acid glycerides, free glycerol, sterol glycosides in biodiesel can affect the low-temperature filtration blocking performance of biodiesel. The negative effect of saturated fatty acid methyl esters on the low-temperature filtration blocking performance of biodiesel can be reduced by modifying the molecular structure of biodiesel, adding flow improver and freezing separation of saturated fatty acid methyl esters. ASTM D7501 is an effective method to evaluate the low-temperature filtration blocking performance of biodiesel. The standard method of evaluating the low-temperature filtration blocking performance of biodiesel in China developed on the basis of ASTM D7501, is of practical significance to promote the quality improvement of biodiesel products in China.

【Objective】Chlorpyrifos is widely used and has good stability, and its residue has been detected in the environmental medium in many areas. In order to monitor the residues of chlorpyrifos in soil, water and other environmental substrates, and to ensure the quality and safety of environment, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect chlorpyrifos rapidly in the environment.【Method】Based on the principle of specific binding of antigen and antibody, an indirect competitive ELISA was established to detect chlorpyrifos in the environment. The test conditions were optimized, and the sensitivity, cross-reaction and effect of organic solvents on the antibody were studied.【Result】Under the optimal conditions, the logarithm of chlorpyrifos concentration was linearly related to the absorbance value, the regression equationwas B/B0=-24.87 logC + 97.55 and the correlation coefficient (R2) was over 0.99. The IC50 of chlorpyrifos was 81.65 ng/mL, and the detection limit IC20 was 5.1 μg/L. The method was validated by selecting appropriate pretreatment methods according to different substrates. The recovery rates of chlorpyrifos ranged from 70% to 115% and the relative standard deviation was less than 11%. The relative standard deviation of precision was less than 10%. The accuracy of the method was verified by comparison with the gas chromatography. The prepared reagents shall not be stored for more than 6 months. The detection effects were not affected by reagents at 4 ℃ and -20 ℃ within 180 days.【Conclusion】With certain specificity, stability and precision, the established indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay can be used for rapid and flexible detection of chlorpyrifos residues in different types of soil and water samples.

【Objective】The study was conducted to establish a fast method for the detection of formaldehyde content in vegetables, identify the residue level and understand the dietary exposure risk of formaldehyde in vegetables.【Method】The single factor experiment was used to optimize the key experimental conditions, and then a method acetylacetone spectrophotometry for the detection of formaldehyde contents in vegetables was established. The formaldehyde contents of 383 vegetable samples were analyzed and the exposure risk of formaldehyde in vegetables was assessed with point evaluation method.【Result】The detection limit and the quantitation limit for the determination of formaldehyde in vegetables with acetylacetone spectrophotometry were 0.45 and 1.5 mg/kg, respectively; At the added levels of 1.5, 7.5 and 15 mg/kg, the recovery rates ranged from 86.33% to 92.4% with the relative standard deviations were of 2.23%-4.21%. The detection rates of formaldehyde in different vegetables were 5.00%-72.73% with the total detection rate of 26.37%, and the average detection values of different vegetables were 0.47-1.67 mg/kg. The dietary exposure levels of formaldehyde contents in different vegetables to the general population ranged from 0.0019 to 0.068 mg/kg (bw/d) with the MOS ranging from 14.1 to 289.8, and the dietary exposure levels of formaldehyde contents in vegetables to different populations were 0.0060-0.15 mg/kg (bw/d) with the MOS ranging from 10.1 to 33.3. All the evaluated values of MOS were greater than 1.【Conclusion】The method of acetylacetone spectrophotometry is simple, accurate and sensitive, which is suitable for the fast determination of formaldehyde in vegetables. The dietary intake risk of formaldehyde residues in vegetables is low and within the acceptable range.

In order to study the effect of different film packaging on storage quality and physiological characteristics of pitaya fruit, with 'Zihonglong' pitaya as the experimental material, three film packaging bags of polyethylene fresh-keeping bag (PE), polyvinyl chloride fresh-keeping bag (PVC), and polyethylene microporous fresh-keeping bag (WK) were used to process and package the fruit. Then they were stored at (6±1) °C. The results illustrated that compared with the control (CK), the different film packaging could inhibit the increase of pitaya fruit decay rate and weight loss rate, and delay the appearance of respiration peak of pitaya fruit, inhibit the decrease of the total soluble solids (TSS), titratable acid (TA), soluble protein and soluble sugar, vitamin C (VC) and glutathione (GSH), reduce the accumulation of malondialdehyde (MDA), increase superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) activities. The decay rates of pitaya fruit in groups CK, PVC, WK, PE were 44.44%, 33.33%, 22.22% and 11.11%, respectively after storage for 30 d. PE film packaging had the best preservation effect, which could effectively delay the deterioration of pitaya after harvest and was more conducive to the maintenance of fruit quality.

The research of optimization problem is favored by researchers.Nonsmooth pseudoconvex optimization problems are a special kind of nonconvex optimization problems,which often appear in machine learning,signal processing,bioinformatics and various scientific and engineering fields.Based on the idea of penalty function and differential inclusion,a new neural network me-thod is proposed to solve the non-smooth pseudoconvex optimization problems with inequality constraints and equality constraints.Under given assumptions,the solution of the RNN can enter in the feasible region in finite time and stay there there-after,at last converge to the optimal solution set of the optimization problem.Compared with other neural networks,the RNN has the following advantages:1)simple structure,it is a single-layer model;2)it is not need to compute an exact penalty parameter in advance;3)the initial point is chosed arbitrarily.Under the environment of MATLAB,mathematical simulation experiments show that state solution can converge to the optimal solution.At the same time,if the initial points are not selected properly,the state solution will not converge in limit time even can not converge.This not only verifies the effectiveness of the proposed RNN,but also shows that the proposed network has a wider range of applications.

为了制备新型柴油抗磨剂，以油酸甲酯、马来酸酐和甲醇为原料，合成了油酸甲酯基琥珀酸单甲酯。采用电喷雾电离质谱、傅里叶红外光谱、核磁共振氢谱、核磁共振碳谱等对油酸甲酯基琥珀酸单甲酯的结构进行表征，采用热重分析法对其热稳定性进行分析，同时采用高频往复试验机法（HFRR）考察其在低硫柴油中的抗磨效果。结果表明：油酸甲酯基琥珀酸单甲酯化合物具有典型的—CC—、—COOH以及—COOCH3结构特征以及良好的热稳定性，可有效改善低硫柴油的润滑性能；在加剂量为200 μg/g时即可使低硫柴油满足润滑性使用要求，在低硫柴油中的加剂量为200~1 500 μg/g范围时，可使所用的两种空白柴油的润滑性能分别提高35.4%~59.6%、33.9%~54.9%。 In order to prepare a new lubricity additive of diesel, methyl oleate, maleic anhydride and methanol were used as raw materials to synthesize methyl oleate monomethyl succinate (OM). The structure of OM was characterized by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry(ESI-MS), Fourier infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR), proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy(1H NMR), and carbon nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy(13 C NMR), and its thermal stability was evaluated by thermogravimetric anaylsis. In addition, the lubricity property of OM was specifically investigated in low sulfur diesel by high-frequency reciprocating rig (HFRR). The results showed that OM had the typical structure of —CC—, —COOH and —COOCH3，and good thermal stability. The OM could effectively improve the lubricity properties of low sulphur diesel. The lubricity of low sulfur diesel at a dosage of 200 μg/g OM could meet the requirement of lubricity. Whats more, when the OM was added to two low sulfur diesel at a dosage of 200-1 500 μg/g, the lubricity properties of blank diesels increased by 35.4%-59.6% and 33.9%-54.9%, respectively.

Video question answering is a challenging task of significant importance toward visual understanding.However,current visual question answering (VQA) methods mainly focus on a single static image,which is distinct from the sequential visual data we faced in the real world.In addition,due to the diversity of textual questions,the VideoQA task has to deal with various visual features to obtain the answers.This paper presents a multi-shared attention network by utilizing local and global frame-level visualinformation for video question answering (VideoQA).Specifically,a two-pathway model is proposed to capture the global and local frame-level features with different frame rates.The two pathways are fused together with the multi-shared attention by sharing the same attention funtion.Extensive experiments are conducted on Tianchi VideoQA dataset to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Objective To knock out the KNDC1 of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) by CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology and observe its anti-aging ability. Methods Five sgRNAs targeting KNDC1 Exon1, Exon2 and Exon3 were designed by online software and were constructed into CRISPR/Cas9 vector. After sequence confirmation, the recombinant plasmids were transfected into HeLa cells and HUVECs. After 48 h, KNDC1 mRNA levels and protein expression levels were detected by real-time PCR and Western blot; cell senescence was measured by SA-β-gal staining; intracellular reactive oxygen species were detected by 2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) fluorescent probe. Results The sequencing results showed that all the 5 sgRNAs were inserted into the CRISPR/Cas9 vector, the sequence was correct and these vectors were successfully constructed. After transfecting 5 recombinant vectors into HeLa cells, it was found that the knockout efficiency of vectors No. 4 and No. 5 was higher, and then the recombinant vectors of No. 4 and 5 were transfected into HUVECs. Compared with the control plasmid, the KNDC1 mRNA level and protein expression level in HUVECs transfected with recombinant plasmids 4 and 5 were significantly decreased (P＜0.05). The number of senescent HUVECs and the level of intracellular reactive oxygen species were significantly reduced. Conclusions The KNDC1 of HUVECs can be effectively knocked out by CRISPR/Cas9 technology, and HUVECs with KNDC1 knockout have anti-aging ability.

The wide popularization of endoscopic endonasal skull base surgical techniques has taken place in the last decade. One of the greatest challenges in mastering endoscopic skull base surgery is to prevent cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea. CSF rhinorrhea increases intracranial infection and mortality rates. The introduction of nasal pedicled vascularized flaps for using in cranial base surgery has met with great success recently. The success of expanded endoscopic endonasal approaches to the anterior skull base, sellar and parasellar regions has been great advancement in reconstructive techniques. In this review, we will describe, in detail, the relevant anatomy, indications and contraindications, surgical technique, postoperative management and complications of nasal pedicled vascularized flaps. DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1672⁃6731.2020.03.005

Objective To evaluate the imaging changes in patients with cerebral small vessel disease(cSVD) and the risk factors of Alzheimer's disease(AD). Methods Retrieve relevant retrospective case analysis and observational studies that about cSVD and the risk factors of AD from online database (January 1, 1980-April 1, 2019) as PubMed, EMBASE/SCOPUS and Cochrane Library with key words: Alzheimer's disease, cerebral small vessel disease, white matter lesion, cerebral microbleeds, lacunar infarction. Selection of studies was performed according to pre⁃designed inclusion and exclusion criteria. Quality of studies was evaluated by using Newcastle⁃Ottawa Scale (NOS). All data were pooled by Stata 15.1 software for Meta⁃analysis. Results A total of 1452 articles were enrolled, from which 11 studies with NOS score≥5 were chosen after excluding duplicates and those not meeting the inclusion criteria. A total of 12882 patients were included. Meta⁃analysis showed that white matter lesion (RR=1.152,95%CI: 1.007-1.317; P=0.039) and cerebral microbleeds (RR=1.659, 95%CI: 1.085-2.537; P=0.019)increased the risk of AD;lacunar infarc did not increase the risk of AD(RR=1.298,95%CI:0.785-2.147; P=0.309). Conclusions The risk of Alzheimer's disease is increased in patients with white matter lesion and cerebral microbleeds. The cerebral small vessel disease may be involved in the occurrence of some Alzheimer's disease. When patients have the imaging changes of white matter lesion and cerebral microbleeds, should be paid on primary prevention of Alzheimer's disease.

The microstructure and property of amorphous alloy as well as the limitations of the traditional manufacturing methods for the bulk amorphous alloy were briefly introduced in this paper.Combined with characteristics of the laser cladding technique,the research status of the laser cladding Fe-based,Zr-based,Ni-based,Cu-based and Al-based amorphous coatings on the metal substrates were mainly summarized.The effects of factors such as laser processing parameter,micro-alloying element type and content and reinforcing phase on the laser cladding amorphous coatings were also involved.Finally,the main problems and the future research directions of the composition design and control of the laser-cladded amorphous coating,the design and optimization of the laser cladding process,and the basic theory of the laser cladding amorphous coatings were also put forward finally.

With continuous increases in the amount and duration of plastic film used, the residual film in farmland soil is accumulated and tended to be fragmented, which affects soil water infiltration. We carried out an experiment of one-dimensional vertical infiltration of soil moisture. We examined the effects of different residual film density and area on soil water cumulative infiltration under 21 experimental treatments with 5 residual film area levels (0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 8 cm²) and 5 residual film density levels (0, 60, 180, 300, 420 kg · hm-2). The results showed that soil water infiltration rate was accelerated and the total infiltration amount was increased by adding a certain amount of residual film into the clay loam soil with bulk density of 1.53 g · cm-3. The total infiltration amount of different residual film area always appeared mutation or turning point when the single residual film area was 1 cm². When the residual film area and density were larger or smaller than that, the cumulative infiltration amount would be significantly affected, with the treatment of 0.5 cm residual film area and 200 kg · hm-2 residual film density being obvious demarcation. When the residual film area was 0.25 cm², the cumulative infiltration reached the maximum. When the residual film with a single area ≤ 0.25 cm² was uniformly mixed into the soil, the slope of soil water cumulative infiltration curve was significantly different from that of other residual film treatments, forming a " new structure" soil with unique water infiltration characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ETL is the essential step to obtain high-quality data for data warehouse, and plays an important role in the construction and implementation of data warehouse. Aiming at the deficiency of traditional serial ETL process, we propose a parallel method for ETL based on agent and activity priority. This method first calculates the priority of each ETL activity and then utilizes the agent theory and multi-thread computing techniques to achieve parallel execution of independent ETL activities with the same priority. Experimental results show that this method achieves high speedup when the da ta volume is large and improves the efficiency of ETL process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the natural wind properties and the correlativity of nodal wind speed time history, a multi-variate Auto- Regressive (AR) model was simulated the time history of fluctuating wind. The pile-soil-wind turbine tower interaction, 3D finite element models are established to studied natural frequencies and modal shapes. Research the time-history of displacement and stress response are comparatively studied with different wind incident angle. The results show that the wind-incident has no significant influence on the displacement of the tower top, but has significant influence on local displacement and maxi-mum stress, the maximum stress are observed at the connection section between pile and wind turbine tower. The results provide reference for pile arrangement, pile bearing capacity design, structural strength design, wind-resistant design of wind turbine tower. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To explore the effect of hypoxia on the proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis of neural stem cells (NSCs) isolated from adult rat subventricular zone (SVZ) and cultured in vitro. Methods The NSCs isolated from adult rat SVZ were cultured under normoxia condition or hypoxia condition (hypoxia for 6, 12, 24, 48 or 72 h) in vitro. The nestin+ celis, Tju-1+ celis, GFAP+ cells and 04+ celis were detected by immunofluorescence staining, and the percentage of the positive cells was measured respectively. The proliferation of the NSCs was assayed with cell proliferation reagent (WST-1) and the cell cycle was detected by flow cytometry (FCM) . The apoptosis of the NSCs was detected by TUNEL and flow cytometry. Results The NSCs from adult rat SVZ were successfully isolated and cultured in vitro. Induced by serum, the NSCs differentiated at the 4th generation and most of them were Tju-1-positive (53.8±6.8%) whlle some of them were GFAP-positive (21.6±5.4%). Betides, a small number of them were O4-positive (11.4±4.5%). Hypoxia (0.3% O2) for a short peiiod (<24 h) promoted the proliferation of the NSCs (P<0. 05). But prolonged hypoxia (>24 h) reduced the proliferation capacity of the NSCs and increased the percentage of apoptotic cells (P<0 .01). Conclusion NSCs are present in normal adult tissues; NSCs isolated and cultured in vitro can differentiate into various types of cells. Shot term hypoxia can promote the proliferation of NSCs, but prolonged hypoxia induces apoptosis of NSCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To design a behavioral test for detecting hind limb motor functional deficit in rats after stroke. Methods Rats' sensibility and stability of "hind limb jump onto countertop" were compared with those on ipsilateral cycle and the beam walking 1, 7, 14, 21 and 28d after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Results The duration of ipsilateral cycle was less than 7 days, while that of hind limb jump onto countertop and beam walking was both more than 28 days. The corresponding positive symptoms of these three behavioral assessments were most serious 1d after ICH, dominated by moderate to severe, and gradually decreased afterward. 28d after ICH, the positive symptoms of hind limb jump onto countertop and beam walking were still not fully recovered, and dominated by mild to moderate. By comparison, the sensibility of hind limb jump onto countertop was equal to that of ipsilateral cycle and beam walking, while its stability was superior to that of ipsilateral cycle and equal to that of beam walking. Conclusion The experiment of hind limb jump onto countertop is a sensitive, stable and simple behavioral test to detect rat's hind limb motor functional deficit after stroke. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article describes the effect of hem structure on sweater style and the relationship between the hem types with other parts of sweater. The design and process of several fashion sweaters with different type of hem were analyzed. Design style and style characteristics of each sweater were described. Structures design and knitting pattern notations and operation process of each sweater was given. The results showed that, sweater with changes in hem have innovative and unique style. With the increase of design method and knitting technique for sweater, types of hem for sweater are also growing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article described the design method and process of several wool knitted fashion accessories, such as hat, scarf, shawls and gloves, which were produced on the computerized flat knitting machine. Style and form of these accessories were analyzed. Programming, knitting and finishing technologies of these accessories were also described. Programming process of each accessory was given. The results showed that, the design of knitting structures for wool knitted fashion accessories were important as well as the designs of style and color. Different knitting structures gave the knitting accessories different effects of structure and color, so as to enrich their effect of appearance. With the increasing popularity of computerized flat knitting machine, space of design and production for the wool knitted fashion accessories was also growing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on ray trace method, Monte-Carlo method and Simplifie-Equation iterative method, the spectral transimttance radio calculation model for semitransparent liquid was developed and two inversion methods of optical constants (extinction coefficient k and refractive index n) of semitransparent liquid were analyzed. The application range of two inversion methods were investigated. The optical constants of Heptane attained in the references were selected as the true values, and the spectral transimttance radio of the semitransparent liquid based ,on the direct model simulation were regarded as the experimental values. The optical constants of Heptane were achieved by the inverse models. Then the influence of measurement error on the inverse results were also investigated. The results show that the standard deviation of k calculation error by the MC and SEI inversion methods are less than 10-6, while that of n are higher than 0. 1%, and the influence of measurement error on the inverse results is urgent distinctness, and inversed calculation precision of optical constants becomes lower when the measurement error are higher. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article described the design method and process of several dress sweaters, which were produced on the common flat knitting machine. Design idea and style of the dress sweater were analyzed. Organization design and knitting pattern notations of each dress sweater were described. Operation process of each sweater was given. The results showed that, using the common flat knitting machine, the dress sweater can also be designed and produced, which can better reflect the curves taken by the body. The dress sweater with changes in knitted patterns had innovative and unique style, taking the beautiful, stylish, could follow the development trend of fashion and variety the market needs of sweater. With the increasing popularity of computerized flat knitting machine, space of design and production for the dress sweater was also growing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The weater that is prod uced with the high count yarn can be wearing for fo ur seasons and become a new economic growth point of bu ine , the de ign of the sweater i particularly critical. Thi paper de cribe the method of decon lructive de ign and technology for everal wealers. The fe atures of shape and Lyle are analyzed re pectively , from deconstruction in operation technology and form for the e sweaters. Operation technology of each sweater is grafted and given. The re ults show that , the weater made by the methods of decon tructive design and proce has innovative and unique tyl , taking the beautiful , stylish , and the operation process is imple , could follow the development trend of outwear , fashion , small quantity and variety the market needs of sweater. So the method of deconstructive design of weater can be popularized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article describes the design and technology of several sweaters, which knitted by local knitting technology on the computerized flat knitting machine. Style and form of the sweater were analyzed. Structures design and knitting pattern notations process of each sweater were described. Operation process of each sweater was given. The results showed that, sweaters having appearance of lotus leaf, fan-shaped, round ring or fold-like effects can be easy formed using local knitting technology. Compared with the sweaters on the normal resting flat knitting machine, the sweaters had high efficiency, a rich form and significant three-dimensional effects. These made the sweater style was more innovative and unique ability to meet the current sweater of fashion, modeling a variety of needs. So, the local knitting technology was suitable for spreading used in design of the sweater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We propose an efficient bit-loading algorithm to minimize the total power to transmit a target rate of a single user in OFDM communication systems. Considering the digital modulations exploited by 802. 11a, which are BPSK, QPSK, 16QAM and 64QAM (constellation using Gray code and each sub-carrier carrying a maximum of 6 bits) , ⌊ RT/6 ⌋ subcarriers which have litter power addition are allocated with 2 bits each time. The proposed bit loading algorithm is optimal and has the same performance as Hughes-Hartogs algorithm, but greatly reduces the computational complexity. Simulation results show that the proposed bit loading algorithm has the same bit allocation results as Hughes-Hartogs algorithm, but the computational complexity is less than 50% compared with that of Hughes-Hartogs algorithm. The computational complexity will be further reduced when the transmission rate or subcarriers number increases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to investigate laminar pulsating flow characteristics in tubes, a two- dimensional unsteady axisymmetric model was established, and the pulsating fluid with constant wall temperature and periodical variation velocity as the entrance boundary condition of the tube was simulated. The influence of velocity amplitude and frequency on laminar flow was analyzed and the effects of velocity amplitude and frequency on pressure, temperature and wall surface friction coefficient were concluded. Numerical simulation results show that the values of pressure, temperature and wall surface friction coefficient for pulsating flow fluctuate around those of the stable-state flow at the same Reynolds number Re. Phase difference exists between pressure and velocity. The pressure amplitude and the wall surface friction coefficient amplitude are both in direct proportion to velocity amplitude and frequency. The temperature amplitude is in direct proportion to velocity amplitude but inversely proportional to frequency. When the velocity amplitude and frequency are large enough, back flow occurs near the inner surface, and the duration for the back flow increases along with the growing of frequency and amplitude. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A thermal model was established to analyze the thermal environment characteristics of low-speed aircrafts at extremely high altitude. Effects of thermal radiation and convection on thermal environment characteristics of low-speed aircrafts at extremely high altitude were analyzed by using numerical simulation. The results show that the influence of airflow velocity on the thermal characteristics is strengthened with the increase of the ratio of absorptivity to emissivity, and the variation of envelop temperature with the airflow change can reach 70 K. It is found that both thermal radiation and heat convection have significant influence on the thermal characteristics of low-speed aircrafts at extremely high altitude and the envelope temperature is non-uniform and varies with time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zou Yan modified and developed the thoughts of Five Elements and Negative and Positive, and it had a high standing in the history of pre-Qin period and Han Dynasty. His theory made a profound impact on the later works, such as Lu's Spring and Autumn , Chun Qiu Fan Lu and Huai Nan Zi. This paper tries to make an overall investigation on his life and works, contents of his theory etc, which can help us investigate the cultural change in society of pre-Qin period and Han Dynasty thoroughly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The dynamics characteristics of multiphase flow are further improved by adding Polyacrylamide into the pre-mixed abrasive water jet (AWJ), thereby improving the operation efficiency and reducing the nozzle wear, which is very important for cutting, drilling and other operations using this technology. Multiphase flow in abrasive suspension jet (ASJ) nozzle is simulated based on Cross equation. The results show that the method can accurately describe the dynamics characteristics of ASJ compared with experimental data. The dynamics characteristics of multiphase flow are analyzed by simulation approach. The results indicate that ASJ can reduce the drag force, raise the velocity of jet and improve the jet concentration compared with AWJ. It can also reduce the turbulent intensity of multiphase flow in the core area and make the abrasive particles distribute more uniformly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study first optimized the processing technology for Zhangbang vinegar-processed Olibanum and investigated its in vitro anticoagulant activity. A multi-index-response surface methodology was used, with yield, powder yield, and the relative percentage of the content of six non-volatile components [11-keto-boswellic acid(KBA), 3-acetyl-11-keto-boswellic acid(AKBA), β-elemonic acid, α-boswellic acid(α-BA), β-boswellic acid(β-BA), and α-acetyl-boswellic acid(α-BA)] and three volatile components(octyl acetate, incensole, and incensole acetate) as evaluation indicators. Analytical hierarchy process(AHP) combined with coefficient of variation method was used to calculate the weight of each indicator and calculate the comprehensive score(OD). Furthermore, response surface methodology was used to investigate the effects of frying temperature(A), burning time(B), rice vinegar dosage(C), and steaming time(D) on the processing technology of vinegar-processed Olibanum. Vinegar-steamed Olibanum was prepared according to the optimal processing technology for in vitro anticoagulant experiments. The results showed that the weights of octyl acetate, incensole, incensole acetate, KBA, AKBA, β-elemonic acid, α-BA, β-BA, α-ABA, yield, and powder yield were 0.358 2, 0.104 5, 0.146 4, 0.032 9, 0.123 7, 0.044 4, 0.022 1, 0.042 2, 0.110 1, 0.012 2, and 0.0032, respectively. The optimal processing technology for Zhangbang vinegar-processed Olibanum was as follows. Olibanum(50 g) with a particle size of 1-5 mm was continuously stir-fried at a low heat of 150-180 ℃ until in a gel-like state, ignited for burning for 15 s, sprayed with 7.5 g of rice vinegar(15%), and steamed for 3 min without fire. Subsequently, the cover was removed, and the product was continuously stir-fried at 150-180 ℃ until in a soft lump shape, removed, cooled, and crushed. The results of the in vitro anticoagulant experiments showed that compared with the blank group, both Olibanum and vinegar-processed Olibanum significantly prolonged the activated partial thromboplastin time(APTT), thrombin time(TT), and prothrombin time(PT) of rat platelet-poor plasma(PPP), and the effect of vinegar-processed Olibanum was significantly better than that of Olibanum(P&lt;0.05). The optimized processing technology for Zhangbang vinegar-processed Olibanum is stable, feasible, and beneficial for the further development and utilization of Olibanum slices. At the same time, using the content of volatile and non-volatile components, yield, and powder yield as indicators, and verifying through pharmacological experiments, the obtained results are more reasonable and credible, and have positive guiding significance for the clinical application of characteristic processed Olibanum products.

With continuous increases in the amount and duration of plastic film used, the residual film in farmland soil is accumulated and tended to be fragmented, which affects soil water infiltration. We carried out an experiment of one-dimensional vertical infiltration of soil moisture. We examined the effects of different residual film density and area on soil water cumulative infiltration under 21 experimental treatments with 5 residual film area levels (0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 8 cm 2 ) and 5 residual film density levels (0, 60, 180, 300, 420 kg·hm -2 ). The results showed that soil water infiltration rate was accelerated and the total infiltration amount was increased by adding a certain amount of residual film into the clay loam soil with bulk density of 1.53 g·cm -3 . The total infiltration amount of different residual film area always appeared mutation or turning point when the single residual film area was 1 cm 2 . When the residual film area and density were larger or smaller than that, the cumulative infiltration amount would be significantly affected, with the treatment of 0.5 cm 2 residual film area and 200 kg·hm -2 residual film density being obvious demarcation. When the residual film area was 0.25 cm 2 , the cumulative infiltration reached the maximum. When the residual film with a single area ≤0.25 cm 2 was uniformly mixed into the soil, the slope of soil water cumulative infiltration curve was significantly different from that of other residual film treatments, forming a "new structure" soil with unique water infiltration characteristics.

According to the preparation principle of standard decoction of Chinese herbal medicines, fourteen batches of fried Vaccariae Semen decoction were prepared in this study and the quality research was carried out to establish a quality evaluation method for the standard decoction of fried Vaccariae Semen. The contents of vaccarin were determined, and its transfer rate from decoction piece to standard decoction was calculated. The extract rate and pH value were measured, and HPLC fingerprint method was established for analysis. The results of the 14 batches of samples revealed that the transfer rates of vaccarin were between 58.98%-93.94%; the extract rates were between 8.67%-17.83%, and the pH values were between 5.55-6.44. Moreover, 9 common chromatographic peaks were identified in fingerprints analysis. The similarities of the 14 batches of samples were analyzed and compared, and the results showed that the similarities were all higher than 0.96. In this study, the preparation process for fried Vaccariae Semen standard decoction was standard, with high similarities in fingerprint. A convenient and reliable method of comprehensive quality evaluation was established in this study, with a high precision, stability and repeatability, which can provide a reference for the quality control of fried Vaccariae Semen standard decoction, dispensing granule and related Chinese classical formulas(decoction).

Based on the idea of plant metabolomics, ultra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry(UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS) was used to compare the chemical composition between 6 batches of fruit vinegar brewed from Choerospondias axillaris fruit peel and 6 batches of apple vinegar purchased from 3 companies. Antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibition activities were also tested in vitro. A total of 43 compounds were identified by reference substance, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(LC-MS/MS) fragmentation information or literature data. A total of 40 compounds were identified in the C. axillaris fruit peel vinegar. A total of 16 compounds were identified in apple vinegar. There were 13 common ingredients including organic acids and esters such as citric acid, 2-isopropyl malic acid, and triethyl citrate. The results of partial leastsquares-discriminant analysis(PLS-DA) indicated that they had 33 significantly different compounds such as proanthocyanidin oligomer, quercetin-3-O-rhamnoside and heptadecanoic acid. The proanthocyanidins and flavonoid glycosides in C. axillaris peel vinegar were more abundant than apple vinegar, so it had better health function than ordinary fruit vinegar. The results showed that C. axillaris fruit peel vinegar had stronger antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibition activities in vitro. The vinegar brewed from waste C. axillaris fruit peel had more chemical ingredients than the apple vinegar. C. axillaris fruit peel vinegar had better biological activity and health function, so it had good development prospect. This study provided the scientific evidence for exploiting the C. axillaris fruit peel into high value-added products. It also provided ideas for the comprehensive development and utilization of similar Chinese medicine waste.

Objective: To investigate the molecular mechanism of recombinant methioninase (rMETase) in promoting apoptosis of gastric cancer cells., Methods: Gastric cancer SGC-7901 cells were treated with rMETase (final concentration of 1.25 and 2.50 mmmol/L) for 72 h, and the changes in the cell viability were detected using CCK-8 method and the cell morphology changes were observed under an inverted microscope. Plate colony formation assay was used to evaluate colony formation ability of the cells, and flow cytometry was performed to analyze the changes in cell apoptosis and cell cycles. Glucose and lactate levels in the culture medium were determined using a colorimetric method and ATP concentration was detected using a fluorescence microplate reader; Western blotting was used to assess the effect of rMETase on PI3K/Akt pathway, glucose transporter-1 (GLUT-1), glycolysis- related proteins and apoptotic proteins in SGC-7901 cells., Results: rMETase significantly inhibited the proliferation and clonal formation, promoted cell apoptosis, and induced cell cycle arrest in S phase in SGC-7901 cells ( P < 0.05). With the increase of rMETase concentration, the cells showed obviously decreased glucose intake accompanied by decreased glycolysis and ATP concentration ( P < 0.001). The results of Western blotting showed that the expressions of PI3K, p-Akt/t-Akt, GLUT-1, and the key glycolytic enzymes HK2, PFKM, LDHA, antiapoptosis protein Bcl-2 were all downregulated and the pro-apoptotic proteins Bax and caspase-3 were up-regulated in response to rMETase treatment in SGC-7901 cells ( P < 0.01)., Conclusions: rMETase can inhibit aerobic glycolysis, induce apoptosis and inhibit the proliferation of SGC-7901 cells by inhibiting the activity of PI3K/Akt/GLUT-1 pathway, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic agent for gastric cancer.

The traditional Chinese medicine standard decoction is prepared on the basis of the theory of traditional Chinese medicine and clinical application. With reference to the modern extraction method,the single decoction of traditional Chinese medicine is prepared by the standardized process,and the establishment of its quality standards is conducive to standardizing clinical medication. This research is to set an evaluation standard for the quality of salt-processed Psoraleae Fructus standard decoction. Twelve batches of salt-processed Psoraleae Fructus standard decoctions were prepared. The contents of psoralen and isopsoralen were determined,the transfer and extract rates were calculated,and the pH value was measured; HPLC fingerprint method was established for analysis. The results of the 12 batches of samples revealed that the transfer rates of psoralen and isopsoralen were 17. 10%-26. 40%,14. 70%-22. 70%,respectively; the extract rate was between 14. 7%-27. 0%,and the pH value was between 5. 4-6. 9. Moreover,7 common chromatographic peaks were determined based on fingerprint by using similarity evaluation system for chromatographic fingerprint of traditional Chinese medicine( 2012 A).The similarities of the 12 batches of samples were analyzed and compared,and the results showed that the similarities were all higher than0. 9. In this study,the preparation method for salt-processed Psoraleae Fructus decoction was standard,with high similarities in fingerprint. This study build a convenient and reliable method of comprehensive quality evaluation,with a high precision,stability and repeatability,which can provide a reference for the quality control of salt-processed Psoraleae Fructus dispensing granules.

An efficient aerobic denitrifying bacterium was isolated from the sediments of the Jin Pen Reservoir in Xi'an. The strain was identified by morphological features and 16S rDNA sequences as Pseudomonas stutzeri and named it KK99. The denitrification characteristics of the strain and the expression level of the functional genes narG, nirS , and nosZ in aerobic/anaerobic conditions were investigated. The results showed that the strain can carry out both anaerobic and aerobic denitrification and has a high efficiency of denitrification, which occurs under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions; after 24 h, the removal rates of total nitrogen (TN) were 85.08% and 89.05%, respectively. Under both the conditions, the expression levels of the functional genes nosZ and nirS are high. nosZ plays a vital role in denitrification in the aerobic pathway, nirS plays a vital role in denitrification in the anaerobic pathway, and narG expression is low under both the conditions. At the same time, simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND) capacity of the strain was observed when nitrate and ammonium salts were the nitrogen sources, with the total nitrogen removal rate being 76% within 24 h in aerobic conditions. The P. stutzeri KK99 strain can be used for controlling eutrophication of micro-polluted water, and the application of total nitrogen reduction engineering.

The enzymatic browning is one of the main reasons for affecting the quality of medicinal flowers. In the process of chrysanthemum harvesting and processing, improper treatment will lead to the browning and severely impact the appearance and quality of chrysanthemum. Peroxidase enzyme is one of the oxidoreductases that cause enzymatic browning of fresh chrysanthemum. The enzymatic characteristics of peroxidase (POD) in chrysanthemum were studied in this paper. In this experiment, the effects of different reaction substrates and their concentrations, PH value of buffer and reaction temperatures on the activity of POD enzyme were investigated. The results showed that the optimal substrate of POD was guaiacol, and the optimal concentration of POD was 50 mmol·L⁻¹. The optimal pH value and reaction temperature were 4.4 and 30-35 °C, respectively. Michaelis-Menten equation was obtained to express the kinetics of enzyme-catalyzed reaction of POD, Km=0.193 mol·L⁻¹, Vmax=0.329 D·min⁻¹. In addition, the results of POD enzyme thermal stability test showed that the POD enzyme activity was inhibited when being treated at 80 °C for 4 min or at 100 °C for 2 min. The above results were of practical significance to reveal the enzymatic browning mechanism, control the enzymatic browning and improve the quality of chrysanthemum, and can also provide the basis for the harvesting and processing of medicinal materials containing polyphenols., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.)

Objective: To systematically review the effectiveness and safety of heat-sensitive moxibustion (HSM) therapy in the treatment of lumbar disc herniation (LDH)., Methods: Papers of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) concerning the effectiveness and safety of HSM therapy for LDH published in both Chinese and English before November 17, 2015 were collected from PubMed, EMBase, Cochrane library, CNKI, CBM, WanFang Data and VIP databases according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria and by using key words of "thermal moxibustion" "heat-sensitive acupoint" "lumbar intervertebral disc herniation (LIDH)" "lumbar disc herniation (LDH)" and "lumbago backache", followed by screening, data extracting and methodological quality assessing. Then, the Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3 software., Results: Twenty RCTs were included eventually, containing a total of 1 861 cases treated by HSM therapy in the treatment of LDH patients. The Meta-analysis shows that the effectiveness and safety of HSM therapy for LDH are superior to those of other therapies, which is drawn from total effective rate of treatment group[RR=1.13, 95%CI(1.09,1.18), P <0.001], M-JOA score[MD=-3.17, 95%CI(-3.88, -2.47), P <0.001], M-JOA score difference of various subgroups:daily life ability effect difference[MD=1.04, 95%CI(0.44, 1.64), P <0.001], subjective effect symptoms difference[MD=0.58, 95%CI (0.23, 0.92), P =0.001], objective effect symptoms difference[MD=1.12, 95%CI(0.58, 1.65), P <0.001], VAS score[MD=-1.17,95%CI(-1.78, -0.57), P <0.001], the recurrence rate[RR=0.54, 95%CI(0.37, 0.80), P =0.002], and no adverse reactions mentioned in the reported results. The sensitivity analysis showed a greater homogeneity in literature and the results were stable, but funnel plot analysis showed a publication bias., Conclusions: The HSM therapy is effective and safe in the treatment of LDH patients.