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Background and objective The invasive tumor front (ITF) refers to cells or invasive nests in the junctional region of a tumor and its host. The ITF contains the most invasive cells of a tumor, and has a high prognostic value in carcinoma. The aim of this study is to investigate the epithelial-mesenchymal transformation phenotype in ITF cells of lung squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and analyze the relationship between clinicopathological features and clinical outcomes of patients. Methods Semiquantitative immunohistochemistry was used to examine the expression of epithelial markers (E-cadherin and β-catenin) and mesenchymal marker (vimentin) in 104 lung SCC tumor tissues. Results A decrease in E-cadherin expression in ITF cells was observed in 56 of 104 (53.8%) tumors from patients. This result was markedly lower than that of non-ITF cells, which eventually developed metastatic tumors and were also associated with death (P=0.04). Vimentin expression was observed in 44 of 104 (42.3%) ITF cells, which was much higher than that of non-ITF cells. The downregulation of E-cadherin and overexpression of vimentin were associated with tumor invasive pattern, lymphatic metastasis, and poor prognosis (P

Objective To investigate the clinical manifestations and pathological features of paraganglioma of cauda equine. Methods The clinical manifestations, histopathology and immunophenotype features were studied in one rare case of cauda equine paraganglioma with ganglioneuroma differentiation, positive cytokeratin (CK) and bifid occult spine. Related literatures were reviewed. Results The patient was a 47-year-old male. Numbness of the right sole lasted for 2 months, then developed to anaesthesia of two legs. The MR image demonstrated a mass in L4-S1. In operation, it was found that the irregular tumor was 5 cm × 3 cm × 3 cm in size, yellow-white in color, with abundant blood supply, attached to the caudal nerve root and varied in consistency from soft to hard. Cauda equine and nerve root were compressed. The histopathological examination revealed the tumor presented a biphasic tissue pattern with paraganglioma and ganglioneuroma-components. The cells of paraganglioma were arranged in solid sheets, or organoid growth pattern，or carcinoid patterns, or pseudorosette pattern, or hemangio-perithelioma patterns or papillary patterns. The other component presented ganglioneuroma in a solid pattern. Two components existed separately or mixed together. Immunohistochemical examination found cytokeratin, α-synuclein and chromogranin A (CgA) were positive in the paraganglioma area. Some paraganglioma cells expressed S-100 protein-like sustentacular cells. Ki-67 antigen labeling index was less than 5%. α-synuclein, neuronspecific enolase and CK were positive, and neuronal nuclei (NeuN) antigen was negative in the ganglioneuroma cells. Conclusion Paraganglioma is an uncommon benign primary tumor of cauda equine characterized by a slow growth like ependymoma pattern with male predominance. This case is very rare because of the coexistance of ganglioneuroma, multi-histological and cytological morphology, strong positive CK expression and occult cleft spine. The expression of CK may be an important feature of paraganglioma of cauda equine. DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2011.06.003

Taking the identification of glucose as an example, this article outlines the instructional design and video production process for integrating scientific visualization into the pharmaceutical analysis experiment. The principle, procedure, and phenomenon of the experiment are vividly demonstrated through the pictures and videos, enhancing the interest and attraction of the experiment course. A series of related videos have been applied to classroom teaching and uploaded to the video website, achieving favorable educational outcomes and facilitating broader sharing and communication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]