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Objective To determine the optimal process conditions for efficiently extracting human prothrombin complex concentrates from human plasma. Methods Using human plasma as the materials and the yield of prothrombin complex concentrates as the evaluation standard, the preparation process parameters were studied and optimized through design of exporement(DOE), orthogonal experiments, and single factor experiments. Results The optimal process conditions were as follows: DEAE Sephadex A50 gel was selected, which balanced to pH 7.6, and then the amount of 1.7-2.5 g/L of plasma weight is added into the cryoprecipitate supernatant for adsorption for 40 minutes; Washing solution (0.15-0.175 mol/L sodium chloride) with 3 times the volume of gel was washed 3 times, and eluent (0.5-2.0 mol/L sodium chloride) was washed 3 to 5 times; Add stabilizer (heparin 35 IU, sodium chloride 0.1 mol/L) for ultrafiltration dialysis. Conclusion By using the optimized process mentioned above, the yield(measured by human coagulation factor IX)can reach 620 000 to 630 000 IU/ton of plasma, which is suitable for large-scale production.

BackgroundArsenic can enter the hypothalamus to induce estrogen effect and interfere with the function of the neuroendocrine system. The thyroid endocrine system (hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis) is one of the main endocrine systems, and the mechanism of arsenic-induced thyroid endocrine toxicity is still unclear. ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of different arsenic exposure levels on estradiol (E2), hypothalamic thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), and their receptor (ERα, ERβ, and TRHR) mRNAs in rats and the possible hypothalamic toxic pathway and mechanism. MethodsSeventy Wister rats were randomly divided a control group (sterile water); low-, medium-, and high-dose arsenic exposure groups [0.8, 4.0, and 20.0 mg·kg−1 sodium arsenite (NaAsO2)]; estrogen receptor inhibitor (ICI182780) intervention + low-, medium-, and high-dose arsenic exposure groups; with 10 animals in each group, half male and half female. Rats in the arsenic exposure groups were exposed to NaAsO2 by drinking water for 19 weeks, and rats in the intervention groups were injected with 0.5 mg·kg−1 ICI182780 via tail vein at week 9, 3 times a week. The levels of E2 and TRH in serum of rats were detected by ELISA. The expression levels of estrogen receptor α (ERα), estrogen receptor β (ERβ), and TRH receptor (TRHR) mRNAs in hypothalamus of rats were detected by real-time PCR (RT-PCR). Results(1) E2 and its receptor mRNA: Compared with the control group, the serum E2 level of female rats was increased in the low-dose and the medium-dose arsenic exposure groups (P

Objective To study the removal effect of fibronectin(Fn) from von willebrand factor(vWF) by ion-exchange chromatography through processing human coagulation factor Ⅷ chromatographic washing products, in order to select a method that can effectively reduce Fn without compromising the activity yield. Methods In a multi-batch process development experiment, Fractogel® EMD TMAE(M) strong anion filler produced by Merck(Germany) was used to conduct chromatography to investigate vWF ristomycins titer (vWF: RCof), vWF recovery, protein content and Fn content. Results During the development of vWF pilot purification process, the content of Fn in the samples can be effectively reduced by ion-exchange chromatography, with removal rate more than 87%, titer recovery of vWF more than 80%, and no significant change in other quality indexes. Conclusion The use of ion-exchange chromatography to purify vWF can effectively reduce the content of Fn, which has positive significance for developing new product process and improving the product quality of blood products manufacturers.

油脂氧化是导致乳化食品变质的主要原因。油脂中的不饱和脂肪酸发生氧化，不仅会降低乳化食品的营养价值，还会产生不良风味、有害成分，进而影响乳化食品货架期和食用安全。相对于纯油体系，以乳化形式存在的油脂在高油-水界面比下极易发生氧化，缩短乳化食品的货架期。为明确乳化食品中油脂氧化分析以及其货架期评价方法，在介绍乳化食品中油脂氧化的基本过程的基础上，综述了乳化食品中油脂氧化分析方法（过氧化值、共轭二烯值、硫代巴比妥酸值、茴香胺值、挥发性物质含量）以及货架期的评价方法，为乳化食品中油脂氧化程度分析及其货架期预测提供参考。 Oil oxidation is the critical factor for the deterioration of emulsified foods. The oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids in oil not only reduces the nutritional value of emulsified foods, but also produce undesirable flavors and harmful components, and affect the shelf-life and safety. Moreover, compared with the pure oil system, the high oil-water interfacial ratio further makes the emulsified oil highly prone to oxidation, which greatly shortens the shelf-life. Therefore, in order to clarify the oil oxidation analysis and the shelf-life evaluation methods of emulsified foods, based on the introduction of the basic process of oil oxidation in emulsified foods， the analysis method of oil oxidation of emulsified foods (peroxide value, conjugated diene value, thiobarbituric acid value, p-anisidine value, volatile campound content) and the evaluation methods of shelf-life were reviewed. It may provide guidelines for the analysis of oxidation degree and the prediction of shelf-life of emulsified foods.

Objective To study clinical characteristics of ocular myasthenia gravis (OMG) to provide evidence for diagnosis and treatment of this disease. Methods Clinical data of 113 OMG patients were retrospectively analysed. Immunofluoresence cell staining was applied to detect the acetylcholine receptor (AChR) antibody and muscle ⁃ specific receptor tyrosine kinase (MuSK) antibody, and their predictive value for developing to generalized myasthenia gravis (MG) was assessed. Results Adult⁃onset of OMG was often happened in males over age 40. The most common initial presentation was ptosis (n = 95, 84.07% ), and a few started with diplopia (n = 18, 15.93% ). The positive ratio of fatigue test and neostigmine test was 79.44% (85/107) and 84.85% (84/99) respectively, abnormal rate of repetitive nerve stimulation (RNS) and serum thyroid antibodies was 44.32% (39/88) and 28% (14/50) respectively. The incidence of thymic hyperplasia and thymoma was 16.67% (17/102) and 11.76% (12/102), respectively. The positive rate of serum AChR antibody was 62.83% (71/113), but the serum MuSK antibody was negative in all patients. There were 12.39% (14/113) OMG patients progressed to generalized MG. Patients with higher AChR antibody expression were with more risk to progress to generalized MG (χ2 = 4.587, P = 0.032). Conclusion Adult ⁃ onset OMG often begins in middle ⁃ aged males. The main manifestation of OMG are ptosis and diplopia. Most patients are associated with abnormality of thymus and thyroid. Patients with higher AChR antibody expression are more at risk for progressing to generalized MG. MuSK antibody is uncommon in OMG. DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2011.01.018