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In order to improve the flavor and nutritional value of stir-fried rice, this study used Agaricus bisporus powder and indica rice powder as raw materials, and obtained Agaricus bisporus stir-fried rice by extrusion granulation and frying. Response surface methodology was used to optimize the technological formula, and then the nutritional components and flavor components were analyzed. The results showed that the best formula of stir-fried rice with Agaricus bisporus was as follows: The frying temperature 170 ℃, the frying time 79 s, and the addition of Agaricus bisporus powder 5.90%. On this basis, the comprehensive score of Agaricus bisporus stir-fried rice was 86.80±0.47, which was close to the theoretical prediction. The nutritional results showed that compared with the blank stir-fried rice, the total starch content of the stir-fried rice with Agaricus bisporus decreased significantly (P

Objective: To investigate the optimal process for preparing peppermint essential oil/β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) inclusion complex using high-speed shearing combined with freeze-drying. Methods: The effects of freeze-drying and vacuum drying, high-speed shearing, and stirring on the encapsulation process were compared. Based on single-factor experiments, the ratio of β-CD to essential oil, encapsulation temperature, and mass fraction of β-CD were considered as influencing factors. The comprehensive score of oil content and encapsulation efficiency was used as an evaluation index to investigate the Box-Behnken response surface method for optimizing the encapsulation process. The content of pulegone in the inclusion complex was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to characterize the inclusion complex. Results: The yield of inclusion complex prepared by freeze-drying was higher, with an average yield of 97.6%. The oil content and encapsulation efficiency by the high-speed shearing method were relatively high, being about 3% and 19% higher than those by the stirring method, respectively. The optimized conditions were as follows: The weight ratio of β-CD to volatile oil was 9:1 (g/mL), the encapsulation temperature was 55 ℃, and the mass fraction of β-CD was 17%. Under these conditions, the essential oil content was 10.9%, the encapsulation efficiency was 97.6%, the comprehensive score was 99.7, the RSD value was 1.59%, and the optimized process was stable and feasible. The content of pulegone in the inclusion complex was found to be 2.465 mg/g by HPLC. The formation of the peppermint oil/β-CD inclusion complex was confirmed by analysis using FTIR. Conclusion: The combination of high-speed shearing and freeze-drying for the preparation of peppermint essential oil inclusion complex had the advantages of high efficiency, simple process, and it improved theyield, would provide guidance for the production process.

The crude polysaccharide of Phellinus igniarius mycelia was prepared by the method of water extraction and ethanol precipitation. Then it was preliminarily fractionated by ammonium sulfate solution with the final concentration of 30%, 45% and 60%, respectively. The antioxidant and anti-tumor activities of the polysaccharides fractions were tested and compared with each other. The fraction which showed the strongest activity was further purified by ion exchange resin column chromatography. And the homogeneity and average molecular weight (MW) of purified polysaccharides were evaluated and determined by size-exclusion chromatography combined with multi-angel laser light scattering and refractive indexdetector (SEC-MALLS-RI). The results showed that 45% ammonium sulfate solution supernatant fraction (IPS45) had the strongest anti-tumor activity and better scavenging superoxide anion activity in fractions fractionated by different concentrations of ammonium sulfate. Four fractions were obtained from IPS45 by DEAE-52 cellulose ion exchange column purification. SEC-MALLS-RI analysis results showed that the ddH2O elution fraction (IPS45-W) was a homogeneous polysaccharide with a MW of 79.1 kDa. GC analysis indicated that IPS45-W was composed of mannose:glucose:galactose:unknown monosaccharide in a molar ratio of 1.57:8.38:1.09:1.00. The IPS45-W could inhibit the growth of HepG2 cells. Its inhibition rate was 56.74% at the concentration of 50 μg/mL. This inhibition rate of IPS45-W was higher than that of the homopolysaccharide (11%~35%) against HepG2 cells at same concentration, which from the Phellinus igniarius myceli polysaccharide fractionated by ethanol precipitation in previous studies. The results would provide the basis for the separation and application of different components of Phellinus igniariusmycelia polysaccharides.

Thermal stability of ginkgolic acids and thermal decomposition kinetics ginkgolic acid C15:1 were investigated. Ginkgolic acid was heated at 70 ℃ for 30 d, a small amount of ginkgols were determined by liquid chromatography electrospray spray ionization mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS). The thermal decomposition behavior and kinetics of ginkgolic acid C15:1 were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TG) under the static air atmosphere at the heating rates of 5.0, 10.0, 15.0 and 20.0 ℃·min−1. The thermogravimetric differential scanning curve of ginkgolic acid C15:1 was recorded and the thermal decomposition parameters were calculated by Ozawa-Flynn-Wall, Friedman, Šatava-Šesták and Coats-Redfern methods. The most obvious weight loss on the TG curves of ginkgolic acid C15:1 occurred in the first weight loss stage, the peak temperature was 243 ℃, and the weight loss rate was 14.37%, which was the decarboxylation reaction of ginkgolic acid C15:1. The calculated activation energy using Ozawa-Flynn-Wall and Friedman method was 67.44 kJ·mol−1. The dynamic model function of ginkgolic acid C15:1 decarboxylation was Avrami-Erofeev equation, its integral form was G(α)=[−ln(1−α)]1/2, and the decomposition mechanism was random nucleation and subsequent growth, and the reaction order was n=1/2. This study would provide help for the control of silver apricot acid content in ginkgo products.

In order to investigate the migration amounts of bisphenol substances (BPs) in domestic food metal cans, a method of simultaneous detection of 14 kinds of BPs in food metal cans with high sensitivity was established by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The effect of sterilization process on the migration of BPs and the migration laws of BPs in food metal cans were studied. Results showed that, all the 14 kinds of BPs were well separated and exhibited excellent linear characteristics in four kinds of food simulants (4 vol% acetic acid, 10 vol% ethanol, 50 vol% ethanol and isooctane). The precision and accuracy of the method was excellent with the recovery of the 14 kinds of BPs from 83.67%～107.05% and the relative standard deviations (RSDs) from 2.32%～7.67%, indicating that HPLC method was effective for simultaneous determination of 14 kinds of BPs in food metal cans. The amounts of 14 kinds of BPs migrated from nine kinds of canned foods and beverages on the Chinese market were simultaneously determined, and found seven kinds of BPs were detected while no BPA and its analogues were detected in all samples. BADGE·H2O migrating from the luncheon meat can, BADGE·2H2O migrating from the oyster pueraria beverage can and BFDGE·2H2O migrating from the blackberry all had the risk according to EU regulation. In addition, the sterilization process affected the amounts and types of BPs migrating from the food metal cans. After migration tests, only BADGE·2H2O was detected in sterilized cans while both BADGE·2H2O and BADGE·H2O·HCl were detected in unsterilized cans. Moreover, the type of food simulants also affected the amount and types of BPs migrating from food metal cans. With the increasing of migration temperature or time, the migration amounts of BPs increased at first and finally kept steady when the migration reached equilibrium.

BackgroundDiabetes mellitus is a major public health issue at present. Previous studies have shown that ambient air pollution is a risk factor for diabetes.ObjectiveThis study aims to explore the acute effects of ambient air pollution on diabetes related death in Shanghai Jing’an District.MethodsDaily air pollution data, meteorological data, and diabetes related mortality data in 2013−2019 in Shanghai Jing’an District were collected. A generalized additive model (GAM) was established to conduct time-series analysis on the short-term effect of ambient air pollution on diabetes related mortality, and gender- and age-stratified analysis on susceptibility of various groups to ambient air pollution exposures.ResultsFor every 10 μg·m−3 increase of the concentrations of PM2.5, PM10, SO2, and NO2, the diabetes related mortality increased by 2.47% (95%CI: 1.56%−3.38%), 2.02% (95%CI: 1.29%−2.75%), 5.75% (95%CI: 2.99%−8.58%), and 3.93% (95%CI: 2.49%−5.39%) at lag05 respectively (P

Multi-objective stable operation of microgrid under grid-connected condition is the basic requirement of microgrid operation and construction. Starting from the economic and environmental goals of grid-connected microgrid, a multi-objective optimization model of microgrid was established. The economic objectives considered the fuel cost, operating and maintenance cost, start-stop cost of distributed generation and energy interaction cost between microgrid and large grid. The environmental target considered emissions of polluted gases. A scheduling strategy of energy storage device based on multi-agent system (MAS) under time-of-use price mechanism was proposed, and an improved NSGA-Ⅱ algorithm was used to optimize the output of the controllable micropower supply and energy storage device. Taking the microgrid unit in a certain area as an example, the effectiveness of the proposed model and the solution method were verified. The experimental results show that the improved NSGA-Ⅱ algorithm has better performance, and the proposed strategy can control the number of charges and discharges in a cycle of energy storage device and prolong its service life.

Abstract: For transverse isotropic fast formations, the evaluation method of the least horizontal principal stress by using logging data is an important unresolved issue. An innovative method is proposed to solve this problem by derivation of five independent stiffness coefficients (C11, C33, C44, C66 and C13) in this kind of formation. Based on the functional relations between acoustic anisotropy coefficients and clay volume, and that between different stiffness coefficients, which are all approved by the assorted experiment data, an effective method is built to calculate the stiffness coefficients and the least horizontal stress of anisotropic fast formations. Successful applications in the Ordos Basin illustrate that the method is complementary to that based on the horizontal shear wave velocity which is only fit for slow formations, and is applicable to evaluating rock mechanical parameters of tight oil and gas reservoirs and selecting intervals for fracturing and testing oil. Key words: rock mechanical parameters, well logging evaluation, anisotropy, fast formation, stiffness coefficients, least horizontal principal stress

The high complexity of software is the major contributing factor of software reliability problems, and traditional parametric models may exhibit different predictive capabilities among different software projects, it is hard to select a suitable model for every software projects. Compared to traditional models, kernel based models could achieve better prediction accuracy, and had arouse the interesting of many researchers. The RVM learning scheme was applied to model the failure time data so as to capture the inner correlation between software failure time data and the m nearest failure time data. In addition, the trend of predictive accuracy with the varying of m was detected by way of Mann-Kendall test method. Thereupon, the reasonable value range of m was achieved,thus m∈｛6,7,8,9,10｝ through paired T-test in 5 common used software failure data.

It is of great significance for unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV) to replace manual inspection of power insulators. Aimed at the problem of limited computing power and storage resources of the UAV, an improved real-time target detection algorithm suitable for insulator drop string failure detection is proposed. Based on the YOLOv5s detection network, first, the PANet networks in neck are replaced with bi-directional feature pyramid network(BiFPN) to improve the feature fusion ability. Next, DIoU is used to optimize the loss function to optimize the model. The channel pruning and fine tuning of the γ coefficient generally improve the accuracy, speed, and deployment ability of the detection network. Finally, the image is enhanced at the network output to improve the availability of the algorithm. The proposed algorithm is tested under a specially expanded insulator fault data set. The results show that compared with the original YOLOv5s algorithm, the average accuracy of the proposed algorithm is improved by 3.91%, the detection speed is improved by 25.6%, and the model volume is reduced by 59.1%.