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Objective: To investigate the space-time patterns of schistosomiasis after the stage of transmission controlled in Hubei Province, so as to provide the reference for precise controlling., Methods: The data of human schistosomiasis cases in Hubei Province from 2015 to 2016 and basic information of human schistosomiasis cases and serum antibody titer of human schistosomiasis cases in 2016 were collected and analyzed. The spatial clustering of human schistosomiasis was detected by the Flexible spatial scan statistics and Kulldorff circular scan statistic, respectively., Results: Totally 64 819 serological positive cases from 51 counties and 1 504 stool hatching positive cases from 17 endemic counties were reported in Hubei Province in 2015, and 39 365 serological positive cases were reported from 48 counties in 2016. All of them were identified as the research objects. No stool hatching positive cases were reported from the routine work in the whole province in 2016. There were 1 603 cases of the highest antibody titer (1∶80 or more), with the proportion of 4.07%. According to the results of Kulldorff spatial clustering analysis, there were eight and six spatial clustering areas in the distribution of serological positive cases and stool hatching positive cases in 2015, respectively. The numbers of spatial clustering areas in the distribution of serological positive cases and the cases of the highest antibody titer (1∶80 or more) were eight and five in 2016, respectively. According to the results of Flexible spatial clustering analysis, there were three and two spatial clustering areas in the distribution of serological positive cases and stool hatching positive cases in 2015, respectively. The numbers of spatial clustering areas in the distribution of serological positive cases and the cases of highest antibody titer (1∶80 or more) were two and one in 2016, respectively., Conclusions: The distribution of human schistosomiasis cases is not balanced, and there is spatial clustering in Hubei Province. So the key area for prevention and control is on the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in the future.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of clinical pathway (CP) on the implementation of advanced schistosomiasis patients with ascites., Methods: Totally 1 129 cases of advanced schistosomiasis patients with ascites but without other complications were selected randomly from the Performance Evaluation and Management System for Medical Treatment of Advanced Schistosomiasis Patients in Hubei Province from year 2011 to 2013. Among the patients, 754 cases were treated by CP (CP group), and 375 cases were treated with traditional methods (NCP group), and the hospitalization days, hospitalization expenses, medicine proportions, treatment outcomes and degrees of satisfaction and health knowledge rates of the two groups were compared. Meanwhile, the variation of CP was calculated., Results: The average length of hospital days of the CP group and NCP group were (13.85 ± 5.60) d and (17.92 ± 5.80) d, respectively, and the average hospitalization costs of the two groups were (4 699.14 ± 1 520.59) Yuan and (5 692.01 ± 1 616.66) Yuan, respectively, both the differences were statistically significant (both P ＜ 0.05). Also the hospitalization cost structures of the two groups were remarkably different, the composition ratios of the inspection fee and accommodation fee in the CP group were lower than those in the NCP group, but the constituent ratios of the examination fee, diagnosis and treatment fee, drug charges and other expenses were higher than those in the NCP group (all P < 0.05). The awareness rate of health knowledge in the CP group was higher than that in the NCP group ( P < 0.05), but there were no statistically significant differences in the treatment outcome and the degree of satisfaction between the two groups (both P > 0.05). The variation rate of CP was 9.02% (68/754)., Conclusions: The implementation of CP can decrease the days of hospital stay and medical expenses, improve the awareness rate on health knowledge of the patients. The CP treatment with low variation rate is applicable to advanced schistosomiasis patients with ascites but without complications.

Objective: To improve the information level of schistosomiasis control by using the related functions of CorelDRAW software., Methods: Combining with the requirement of schistosomiasis control, the sketch map was drawn according to the linear element drawing, the geometric drawing, the color rendering and the text adding., Results: The schistosomiasis epidemic sketch map and the Oncomelania hupensis snail distribution sketch map at all levels were produced in CorelDRAW software., Conclusions: The sketch map drawing in CorelDRAW software is beautiful and standardizing, and it can improve the level of information management.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of schistosomiasis control in"Oriental Star shipwreck event"in Jianli County, Hubei Province, so as to provide experiences for schistosomiasis prevention and control in rescue of emergency in the future., Methods: According to the data of historical schistosomiasis prevalence and the results of the field survey in the townships in the upstream and downstream of the rescue spots, the emergency handling measures of schistosomiasis control were evaluated. Meanwhile, the Oncomelania hupensis snail situation, priority crowd chemotherapy, key aquatic monitoring, and illness monitoring of people and livestock were investigated to evaluate the schistosomiasis control effect after the events comprehensively., Results: There were no schistosome-infected snails found in the place of shipwreck and the rescue spots. The average density of O. hupensis snails in 5 townships of Jianli County was 0.064 snails/0.1 m 2 , and there were no infected snails found. The positive rate of 2 090 migrants in the schistosomiasis serologic tests was 0.29% and there were no positive ones found in the fecal examination. There were no acute schistosomiasis cases found by the sentinel surveillance fever clinics, and also no positive cattle were found. The results of sentinel mice monitoring in the place of shipwreck and 4 villages in the upstream and downstream showed no infected mice were found., Conclusions: The schistosomiasis control measures taken after the shipwreck is effective, which achieves the goal of no schistosomiasis transmission after emergency.

Objective: To evaluate the schistosomiasis transmission control in 19 counties (cities, districts) of Hubei Province in 2013., Methods: The epidemic villages from different counties were randomly sampled by the cluster sampling method as the evaluation villages. The schistosome infection status of human and livestock, the Oncomelania hupensis snail status, the documents and data of schistosomiasis control, acute infection control and health education were investigated in the field., Results: The serum examination of schistosome infection was performed to 29 631 residents, and 2 068 were positive, with a positive rate of 6.98% (0.78% -16.47%). The stool examination was performed to 2 021 sero-positive persons, and 47 cases were stool-positive, with an infection rate of 0.16% (0 - 0.82%). The cattle was the main domestic animals in 19 counties (cities, districts), and the measures of replacing cattle with machine for cultivation were done in 17 counties (cities, districts). Totally 105 cattle in Caidian District and Huangpi District received stool examinations and no positives were detected. A total of 1 579.37 hm 2 and 31 829 frames in 154 environments were surveyed, and 4 857 snails were collected. Of the 1 935 living snails dissected, no infected snails were detected. The files regarding the schistosomiasis morbidity and snail status have been established in 19 counties (cities, districts) since 2009., Conclusions: The transmission of schistosomiasis in 19 counties (cities, districts) of Hubei Province has reached the standard of transmission controlled.

Objective: To analyze the surveillance results of schistosomiasis and understand the transmission situation in Hubei Province in 2014., Methods: According to the Scheme of Schistosomiasis Surveillance in Hubei Province ( the 2009 edition ), 207 endemic sites were selected, where the schistosome infections of residents and livestock, and the distribution of Oncomelania hupensis snails were investigated., Results: In the 207 sites, there were 27 sites without positive results of the blood tests and 129 sites without positive results of the stool tests. The infection rates of residents and cattle were 0.17% and 0, respectively. The density of living snails was 0.339 3 snails/0.1m 2 , the rate of living snails was 10.12%, and the infection rate of snails was 0. The infection rate of residents in the inner embankment type was 0.22%, higher than the rates in the other types. In different age groups, the infection rate in the 50-59 years age group was higher than the rates in other age groups. The infection rates of residents in farmer and fisherman were higher than those in the other occupation groups. The infection rate of floating people was 0, and no acute schistosomiasis patients were found., Conclusions: The endemic situation of schistosomiasis has decreased obviously in Hubei Province, and the whole province has achieved the criteria for transmission control of schistosomiasis.

Objective: To analyze the Oncomelania hupensis snail situation in schistosomiasis surveillance sites in Hubei Province from 2009 to 2014., Methods: From 2009 to 2014, 207 schistosomiasis endemic villages from 13 cities were selected as the surveillance sites in Hubei Province, where the surveillance of snail situation was performed, and the data about the indexes of snail situation during the 6 years were collected and analyzed statistically., Results: From 2009 to 2014, totally 80 963.47 hm 2 of snail areas were investigated, and 45 309.77 hm 2 of area with snails as well as 364.93 hm 2 of area with infected snails were found out, and 1 646 125 snails were captured. In the 207 surveillance sites, the density of living snails was reduced from 0.493 3 snail/0.1 m 2 in 2009 to 0.339 3 snail/0.1 m 2 in 2014, with a decline rate of 31.22%; the density of infected snails was reduced from 0.000 7 snail/0.1 m 2 in 2009 to 0 in 2014; the infection rate of snails was reduced from 0.14% in 2009 to 0 in 2014. The infection rates of snails in the third-rank villages, endemic areas in inner embankment, ditch environment and weed environment were relatively higher., Conclusions: The snail situation of Hubei Province has been declined steadily. However, the environment of snail breeding has not been changed completely. In order to consolidate the control achievements further, the measures including mollusciciding and snail control projects should be strengthened.

Objective: To establish an expression platform of surveillance and forecast for schistosomiasis in key water regions of Hubei Province., Methods: The platform of surveillance and forecast for schistosomiasis was established based on Google Earth, GIS Office software, network albums and network video stations. The results of the field surveillance and laboratory testing, and figures and videos were inputted into the established platform, and an information management file was set up to express the information of forecasting., Results: The operation and expression platform based on Google Earth in key water regions of Hubei Province was successfully established. It was able to provide the forecasting data timely, to achieve off-site and real-time query and sharing., Conclusions: The platform based on Google Earth has preferable prospective on field application in Hubei Province.