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Objective: To analyze the survival time of reported HIV/AIDS and influencing factors of Yunnan Province from 1989 to 2021. Methods: The data were extracted from the Chinese HIV/AIDS comprehensive response information management system. The retrospective cohort study was conducted. The life table method was applied to calculate the survival probability. Kaplan-Meier was used to draw survival curves in different situations. Furthermore, the Cox proportion hazard regression model was constructed to identify the factors related to survival time. Results: Of the 174 510 HIV/AIDS, the all-cause mortality density was 4.23 per 100 person-years, the median survival time was 20.00 (95% CI :19.52-20.48) years, and the cumulative survival rates in 1, 10, 20, and 30 years were 90.75%, 67.50%, 47.93% and 30.85%. Multivariate Cox proportional risk regression model results showed that the risk of death among 0-14 and 15-49 years old groups were 0.44 (95% CI : 0.34-0.56) times and 0.51 (95% CI :0.50-0.52) times of ≥50 years old groups. The risk for death among the first CD4 + T lymphocytes counts (CD4) counts levels of 200-349 cells/μl, 350-500 cells/μl and ≥501 cells/μl groups were 0.52 (95% CI : 0.50-0.53) times, 0.41 (95% CI : 0.40-0.42) times and 0.35 (95% CI : 0.34-0.36) times of 0-199 cells/μl groups. The risk of death among the cases that have not received antiretroviral therapy (ART) was 11.56 (95% CI : 11.26-11.87) times. The risk for death among the cases losing to ART, stopping to ART, both losing and stopping ART was 1.66 (95% CI :1.61-1.72) times, 2.49 (95% CI :2.39-2.60) times, and 1.65 (95% CI :1.53-1.78) times of the cases on ART. Conclusions: The influencing factors for the survival time of HIV/AIDS cases were age at diagnosis in Yunnan province from 1989 to 2021. The first CD4 counts levels, antiretroviral therapy, and ART compliance. Early diagnosis, early antiretroviral therapy, and increasing ART compliance could extend the survival time of HIV/AIDS cases.

Objectives: To investigate the proportion of MSM among males over 15 years old and analyze its related factors to provide a reference for estimation of MSM size. Methods: Using cross-sectional survey design, multi-stage sampling method, and street interception survey method, a survey was conducted on males over 15 years old in Kunming from October to December 2019, with an estimated sample size of 9 908. Results: Totally, 10 707 males were recruited from 30 sites in 5 counties, and 10 283 were effectively surveyed with a response rate of 96.0%. Respondents aged 16 to 40 accounted for 75.3% (7 748), senior high school or above 71.1% (7 312), and unmarried 49.8% (5 121). The proportion of homosexual behavior in the past half-year was 1.06% (95% CI : 0.86%-1.26%), and the age-adjusted rate was 0.97% (95% CI : 0.78%-1.16%). And multivariate logistic regression showed the associated factors for homosexual behavior as following: proportion of main urban area was 2.217 times (95% CI :1.004-4.895) that of the outer suburbs, registered residence outside Kunming was 0.421 times (95% CI :0.260-0.682) that of in Kunming, having been in Kunming ≤6 months was 2.282 times (95% CI :1.262-4.126) that of >6 months, senior middle school or above was 0.336 times (95% CI :0.228-0.495) that of junior middle school and below, and being married was 0.462 times (95% CI :0.303-0.705) that of unmarried. Conclusions: The proportion of over 15-year-old males who have recently practiced male-male behavior was close to 1.00% in Kunming. The relevant factors included survey areas with a permanent residency of Kumming, short-time residency, education level, and marital status. This study obtained the data and related factors, which provided a reference for estimating MSM size in Yunnan province.

Objective: To understand the related risk behaviors, knowledge and status of HIV/AIDS infection among rural adults of Derung minority, to provide relevant messages for the development of HIV/AIDS intervention strategy in this minority group. Methods: We used system sampling method to conduct a cross-sectional survey in 6 administration villages of Derung Township, Gongshan Derung and Nu Autonomous County in Nujiang Lisu Autonomous Prefecture of Yunnan Province, with a sample size estimated as 383. Adult residents with Derung minority in six villages of Gongshan County were involved, with relevant information collected through door-to-door visit. HIV antibody was tested and SPSS 17.0 was used for statistical analysis. Results: Information on 394 valid respondents was collected, with age as between 18 and 65 (34.39±9.74), 80.7% (318/394) as married, 54.0% (213/394) having had primary school education, 13.2% (52/394) as migrant workers. In this population, the overall HIV infection rate appeared as 0.5% (2/400), mainly through sexually transmission. The rate of awareness on HIV/AIDS was 69.8% (275/394), mainly through free publicized materials 50.0% (197/394). Rates on premarital sexual behavior on multiple sexual partners in the past year, on temporary sexual partners in the past year, having commercial sexual experiences in the past year and ever used condoms when engaging in casual sex, were 6.4% (60/366), 18.0%(66/366), 5.7%(21/366), 1.9%(7/366) and 8.0%(25/311), respectively. Conclusions: Few numbers of HIV infections were identified among the migrating workers with Derung minority, with sexual transmission as the major route, along with the increased number of rural migrant workers and the low rates both on AIDS knowledge and condom use, accompanied by the high risk sexual behavior appeared in this rural adult residents of Derung minority. Relative strategies on HIV/AIDS intervention and control should be developed.

Objective: To understand the characteristics of newly detected HIV infection cases and related high risk behaviors in the areas with high HIIV infection prevalence in Yunnan province. Methods: A questionnaire survey was conducted with census method during January to March 2016 among newly detected HIV infected persons in Dehong, Honghe, Lincang and Dali prefectures in Yunnan during 2012-2015. Results: Among 451 HIV seropositive cases, the major transmission route of HIV was heterosexual contact, accounting for 92.5% (417/451). The total awareness rate of AIDS related knowledge was 73.0% (329/451). The rates of condom use at sex with regular sexual partners, occasional sexual partners, commercial sexual partners and men who have sex with men within 1 year before knowing their infection status were 48.7% (167/343), 4.2% (7/165), 9.9% (15/151) and 0.0% (0/3), respectively. The risk factors for using no condom at sex with regular sexual partners included living at Dali, being farmer, unmarried, cohabitation, divorced and widowed, monthly income under 1 000 yuan (RMB), living in urban area before infection, knowing no AIDS related knowledge etc . The risk factors for using no condom at sex with occasional sexual partners included living in Dehong, Honghe and Lincang, aged ≤30 years and being farmer. The injecting drug users accounted for 8.2% (37/450) and 75.5% of these cases had received AIDS related intervention (340/450). Conclusion: High prevalence of heterosexual transmission of HIV, poor AIDS related knowledge on awareness, high risk behavior and poor condom use and poor intervention service utilization were found among newly detected HIV infected persons in areas with high HIV infection prevalence in Yunnan.

Objective: To understand HIV incidence in community residents and epidemiological characteristics of newly detected HIV infection cases in Dali, Yunnan province. Methods: A cohort study was conducted among 146 720 community residents who were tested to be HIV negative during 2010-2011, they were followed-up from June 1, 2014 to May 31, 2015. Results: A total of 136 356 community residents received follow up (92.9 % ). The follow-up time was 0.23-5.40 years (medium: 3.43 years), cumulatively 459 675 person years, and 78 people were found to be HIV positive. The incidence rate of HIV infection was 0.170/1 000 person years. The incidence rate was 0.037/1 000 person years in age group 15-29 years, 0.288/1 000 person years in age group 30-44 years, 0.210/1 000 person years in age group 45-59 years, 0.204/1 000 person years in age ≥60 years; 0.213/1 000 person years in males, 0.130/1 000 person years in females; 0.248/1 000 person years in Han ethnic group, 0.149/1 000 person years in Minorities; 0.194/1 000 in people with education level ≤ junior middle school, 0.046/1 000 person years in people with education level > junior middle school; 0.070/1 000 person years in the unmarried, 0.194/1 000 person years in the married and 0.425/1 000 person years in the divorced/widowed. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis showed that being male ( HR =1.731), aged 30-44 years ( HR =13.158), aged 45-59 years ( HR =10.329), aged ≥60 years ( HR =8.291), unmarried ( HR =3.162) and divorced/widowed ( HR =2.689) were the risk factors for HIV infection, while the education level > junior middle school ( HR =0.132) was the protective factor for HIV infection. Conclusions: By medium 3.43 years follow up, the cohort study showed that incidence rate HIV infection was 0.170/1 000 person years in the community residents in Dali. Male, middle aged and old people, people with low education level, the unmarried and the divorced/widowed had relatively higher risk to be infected with HIV, Close attention should be paid to the prevention and control of AIDS in these populations.

Objective: To investigate the relationship between shift work and overweight/obesity in male steel workers. Methods: A questionnaire survey was conducted among the male steel workers selected during health examination in Tangshan Steel Company from March 2015 to March 2016. The relationship between shift work and overweight/obesity in the male steel workers were analyzed by using logistic regression model and restricted cubic splinemodel. Results: A total of 7 262 male steel workers were surveyed, the overall prevalence of overweight/obesitywas 64.5% (4 686/7 262), the overweight rate was 34.3% and the obesity rate was 30.2%, respectively. After adjusting for age, educational level and average family income level per month by multivariable logistic regression analysis, shift work was associated with overweight/obesity and obesity in the male steel workers. The OR was 1.19(95% CI : 1.05-1.35) and 1.15(95% CI : 1.00-1.32). Restricted cubic spline model analysis showed that the relationship between shift work years and overweight/obesity in the male steel workers was a nonlinear dose response one (nonlinear test χ 2 =7.43, P <0.05). Restricted cubic spline model analysis showed that the relationship between shift work years and obesity in the male steel workers was a nonlinear dose response one (nonlinear test χ 2 =10.48, P <0.05). Conclusion: Shift work was associated with overweight and obesity in the male steel workers, and shift work years and overweight/obesity had a nonlinear relationship.

Objective: To understand the status of HIV infection and risk factors among those left-behind women (LBW) in high HIV epidemic rural areas., Methods: A cross-sectional investigation was conducted between March and May, 2015 in Dehong and Lincang prefectures, Yunnan province, where HIV appeared highly epidemic. Probability Proportion to Size (PPS) sampling method was used, and 500 cases were involved and tested for HIV antibody., Results: The total rate of HIV infection among LBW was 8.2% (41/500). The rate of HIV infection among LBWs whose husbands were on medication was 22.7% (30/132). Data from Multi-factor logistic regression analysis showed that the risk factors of HIV infection were: being minorities, education background lower than junior high school, widowed, living in Lincang prefecture, husband infected with HIV but did not consistently use condoms,etc. The rate of HIV infection among other LBWs was 2.8% (10/363). Data from Multi-factor logistic regression analysis showed that the risk factors of HIV infection would include: aged between 30-40 years, being minorities, education background lower than junior high school, divorced, living in Dehong prefecture, having had multiple-sex partners, husband coming home less than once a year,etc. The rate of HIV infection among drug users whose husbands did not take HIV medication was 20.0% (1/5)., Conclusion: HIV prevalence among LBWs in highly HIV epidemic areas was high, and the major risk factors related to their husbands were: being drug users or with HIV infected. Further effort should be made on consistently use of anti-HIV drugs and prevention of inter-marital sexual transmission. Comprehensive intervention should be carried out for LBWs who were having lower education background, being minority and having multiple-sex partners.

Seventy-two patients(ninety-one eyes) with epiphore due to obstruction of the nasolacrimal duct underwent nasolacrimal stent of our own disign. The period postoperative follow-up was 6 to 20(mean 14.5) months. Seventy-six eyes demonstrated obvious resolution of epiphore, twelve eyes had partial resolution, and three eyes had no resolution. The success rate were 96.7%. The common complications included occluded stent and a slightly blood-stanied nasal discharge. The placement of the nasolacrimal stent is a safe simple and effective method for treatment of epiphore due to obstruction of the nasolacrimal duct.

Digital subtraction dacryocystography were performed prior to placement of a nasolacrimal stent. Among the 107 eyes, the sites of obstruction were in the common canaliculus in 9 eyes, above the neck of the lacrimal sac in 12 eyes and under the neck of the lacrimal sac in 86 eyes. The placement of a nasolacrimal stent may become the treatment of choice for epiphora due to obstruction of the nasolacrimal duct at the saccular or subsaccular level. After operation, these nasolacrimal ducts after stenting were patent and epiphora was resolved completely or partially. The results suggest that the preoperative digital subtraction dacryocystography is helpful in selective indication of placement of a nasolacrimal stent and prognostic assessment of the postoperative outcome.