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Local community detection algorithms usually select seed nodes for community detection.To improve the quality of effectiveness of seed node selection,we propose an overlapping community detection algorithm based on subgraph structure(SUSBOCD).This algorithm proposes a new measure of node importance,which not only considers the number of neighbors,but also considers the degree of density between neighbors.First,SUSBOCD selects the most important node that is not visited and the most similar neighbor node,and merges the two nodes and their common neighbor nodes to form an initial seed subgraph.The process runs iteratively until all nodes have been visited.Second,the similarity is judged according to the neighborhood information of the seed subgraph.If it is similar,it is merged to form the initial community structure.The process runs iteratively until all seed subgraphs are visited.Finally,we optimize the community.If there are nodes without assigned communities,they are added to the most similar community,and then the community structure with high overlap is merged.Experiments on real and artificial networks show that SUSBOCD can improve the quality of overlapping community partition effectively in the three evaluation indexes of ONMI,EQ and Omega.

The enhanced electrochemical performance of the lithium-rich solid solution Li1.2[Co0.13Ni0.13Mn0.54]O2 (LMNCO) cathode was enhanced by phosphorus incorporation. The various phosphorus contents were introduced by adding NH4H2PO4 into the raw materials. The pristine sample and the sulfur incorporated samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD), high resolution transmission electron microscopy(HRTEM), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS). Electrochemical performance was assessed by measuring parameters such as charge and discharge capacity, rate capability in lithium ion cells. The results show that the LMNCOP-03 material has the best initial discharge capacity of 280 mAh·g-1. Moreover, it has about 212.2 mAh·g-1 and 170.6 mAh·g-1 at 1.0 C and 3.0 C rate, respectively. The LMNCOP-03 material shows an improved rate performance attributed to the enhanced electrical conductivity and lithium ion diffusion, which is proved by EIS tests.

In order to efficiently represent action, this paper proposed an action recognition algorithm based on posture transition network. First, it automatically localized the human body, and extracted the shape-motion features from the human regions of interest. Then, it hierarchically clustered the extracted features to build the posture binary tree, represented the motion sequence as posture sequence, and represented the action as the weight of the posture transition network. Finally, it recognized the action via the KNN algorithm. The experimental results demonstrate that this algorithm is robust to dynamitic clutter background and robust to the action performing speed. This algorithm gotten good performance on two public action datasets verifies its effectiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For detecting pedestrians in video and image fast and accurately, this paper proposed a hierarchical method for pedestrian detection, which could combine holistic information and local information. The method was based on random forests and used image pyramid for multi-layer information fusion. Firstly, it trained a holistic random forest classifier with dominant orientation templates (DOT) at the first low spatial resolution layer. And it could be used for detecting candidate areas for pedestrian. Secondly, it extracted image patches with offset vectors to learn the appearance model and geometric constraint with part-based random forest at the second high spatial resolution layer. Finally, it detected pedestrian accurately in candidate areas at the second layer by Hough voting. According to the theory analysis and experimental results, the method obtains lower computation complexity and higher precisions than previous works. Multi-layer information fusion can effectively solve the problem of fast and accurate pedestrian detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A self-developed device called the gas-bearing coal heat solid coupling servo seepage device was used to conduct the percolation test of two different coal samples (parallel bedding coal and perpendicular bedding coal) under different condition settings to study the differences of deformation and permeability between these two types of coal samples. In the first section of the percolation test, the effective stress and gas pressure remained the same, while the axial pressure and confining pressure were different. In the second section, the gas pressure and hydrostatic pressure remained the same, while the effective stress was different. The result shows that the degree of fracture along the direction of z of parallel bedding sample is bigger than that of vertical bedding sample. The total degree of vertical stratification fractured specimen "φ" is bigger than the parallel bedding sample. In coal, the total fracture of vertical bedding direction is bigger than that of parallel bedding direction. The degree of fracture of parallel bedding sample is bigger than that of vertical bedding sample. Under hydrostatic pressure, the degree of fracture of parallel bedding direction is bigger than that of vertical bedding direction. According to the theory of tablet fluid, quadric relationship between permeability and radial strain can be obtained. The initial crack coefficient of parallel bedding sample is 1 .5-2. 0 times bigger than that of vertical bedding sample in coal. When the flow channel is considered as transfixion crack, the product of the initial crack coefficient and the square of the initial fracture aperture of parallel bedding sample is 1.5-2. 0 times bigger than that of vertical bedding sample. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

GPS broadcast ephemeris provides orbit and clock error for real-time positioning applications, thus any abnormal effect in the broadcast ephemeris could cause significant influence on the positioning solution. Due to firmware anomalies in the GPS satellite and the ground control segments, redundant navigation messages occur at times, i. e. another data block is unexpectedly generated 16 * N (N = 2, · · · , 15) seconds prior to the GPST integer hour. These non-integer-hour blocks however have not received much attention in terms of quality assessment. This paper first describes the three types of non-integer-hour data blocks in GPS broadcast ephemeris. An assessment strategy is proposed so as to conduct a comparison between the non-integer-hour and integer-hour data blocks with respect to the IGS final products. The results indicate that non-integer-hour data blocks are not blunders. Such non-integer-hour blocks can even provide better accuracies than corresponding integer-hour data blocks based on one-week GPS broadcast ephemerides. Finally, recommendations about how to utilize the GPS non-integer-block data blocks are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to investigate blast wave dynamic mechanism of split-tube charge, here, high-speed schlieren photography equipment was applied to carry out the split-tube charge of the blast wave dynamic experimental study. The split-tube charge explosion schlieren pictures show its blast wave propagation external flow field changes. Comparison blast wave propagation time sequence schlieren photography pictures between double-split tube coupling and decoupling charges, the results show that the split direction blast wave front velocity of double-split tube coupling charge is faster than that velocity of double-split tube decoupling charge, vertical slit direction and both ends of charge of the blast wave propagation are formed due to the interaction of blast wave in the split direction. The blast wave is of abundant species distribution in the whole propagation, double-split tube charge blast wave morphology evolved from a dumbbell-shaped to twins situation. The numerical simulation results of split tube charge detonation wave propagation are consistent basically with the high-speed schlieren photography results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Computer Engineering & Science / Jisuanji Gongcheng yu Kexue is the property of Computer Engineering & Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article presents a study regarding the use of the E2 soluble recombinant protein as antigen in indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of antibodies against classical swine fever virus (CSFV). Western blotting analysis was used to demonstrate the antigenicity of the recombinant protein and was purified by glutathione sepharose 4B resin chromatography. Results indicate that rE2-ELISA is suitable for large scale monitoring of CSF.

The article presents a study on the dynamic changes, differentiation and development of T cell subsets in immunity organs of Gushi chicken.

Based on the measurement standards of rock burst tendency of coal samples, it has been measured under different gas pressures. The methods of energy accumulation and dissipation were applied to analyze the relationship between energy accumulation and dissipation of coal samples under the conditions of uniaxial compression and uniaxial cyclic loading and unloading in different gas pressures. The results show that with the increase of gas pressure, the indexes of every rock burst tendency are constantly reduced, and their outburst-proneness are decreased. Before destruction, the elastic energy stored is reduced, while the gaining rate of dissipated energy decreases rapidly in the form of nonlinear relationship during destruction. Under cyclic loading, the dissipated energy of coal samples in each cycle increases along with the increase of gas pressure. Gas reduces the destructive impact of coalbed rockburst, but when considering the expansion energy of gas, the overall destruction can be more serious. Therefore, gas should be considered when the rockburst tendency is evaluated in high gassy coal mines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A 70-year-old man had radical surgery for colon cancer one year before the symptoms of memory loss and decreasing cognitive function. Subsequent magnetic resonance imaging revealed a brain mass, which was surgically resected and confirmed to be metastatic intestinal adenocarcinoma. Immunohistochemistry of the primary tumor and brain metastasis showed mismatch repair deficiency. The patient received adjuvant chemotherapy after surgery. However, the brain metastasis relapsed one month after the last chemotherapy. Genetic testing on the resected colon tumor samples confirmed microsatellite instability-high with a high tumor mutation burden by 77.7 muts/Mb. The patient was subsequently treated with programmed death-1 (PD-1) monoclonal antibody pembrolizumab (keytruda). The brain metastatic lesions were completely shrunk, and a complete clinical response was achieved.

Objective: To analyze the effects of bone marrow mesenchyml stem cells (BMSCs) on bone alkaline phosphatase (BALP)/C-terminal telopeptide of type-Ⅰ collagen (CTX-1) expression and mechanical dynamics in rats with osteoporotic (OP) vertebral fracture., Methods: A total of 60 female Sprague-Dawley rats were evenly divided into three groups, a control group that received sham operation (sham group), a group consisting of rats with OP vertebral fracture (OP group), and the last group consisting of OP vertebral fracture rats given BMSCs treatment (BMSCs group). Comparison of the three groups of animals was made in terms of bone dynamic change, bone quantitative broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA) measurement, and bone mineral density (BMD). HE staining was done to examine the bone histological morphological parameters of the vertebral body. Serum CTX-1 and BALP levels were determined by ELISA., Results: Mechanical comparison showed that there were significant differences in mechanical changes of L 5 vertebra body and right femur among the three experimental groups ( P <0.05). The elastic modulus and maximum load of the OP group significantly decreased compared with those of the sham group ( P <0.05). After the intervention, the maximum load and elastic modulus of the BMSCs group were significantly higher than those of the OP group ( P <0.05). Compared with the sham group, BUA and BMD values in the OP group were significantly downregulated ( P <0.05). After intervention, BUA and BMD of the BMSCs group were significantly higher than those of the OP group and were comparable to those of the sham group ( P <0.05). Compared with the sham group, the number of trabeculae in the OP group was significantly fewer, and the distribution of trabeculae was disorderly and lacked regularity. Compared with the OP group, there were more trabeculae in the BMSCs group, and their distribution was more regular. Compared with sham group, bone histological morphological parameters of the vertebral body of rats in the OP group were significantly changed--mean trabecular plate thickness (MTPT) and trabecular bone volume (TBV) parameters were significantly decreased, while mineral apposition rate (MAR) and trabecula bone surface (TRS) parameters were significantly upregulated (all P <0.05). After the experimental intervention, bone histological morphological parameters of the vertebral body in the BMSCs group showed significant improvement compared with those of the OP group ( P <0.05). Compared with the sham group, serum BALP content in the OP group was greatly decreased, while the CTX-1 level was upregulated ( P <0.05). After the intervention, the BMSCs group had higher serum BALP content than that of the OP group and substantially lower CTX-1 content than that of the OP group ( P <0.05)., Conclusion: BMSCs can improve the mechanical changes in rats with OP vertebral fracture, and can increase the maximum load and elastic modulus of bone tissue. In addition, BMSCs can upregulate the expression of BALP in serum and downregulate the expression of CTX-1, thus helping rats with OP vertebral fracture heal early., (Copyright© by Editorial Board of Journal of Sichuan University (Medical Sciences).)

Biological nitrogen (N) fixation and organic N degradation are the main sources of soil available N, while microorganisms driving such processes play an important role in soil N supply and the maintenance of soil fertility. In this study, real-time quantitative PCR and amplicon sequencing technology were used to examine the effects of restoration types on the community structure of N 2 -fixing and chitin-degrading bacteria harboring nifH and chiA genes, respectively, and the gene abundance under four meadows (undisturbed, grazing, fencing, and fencing + reseeding mea-dows) in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The results showed that the abundance of nifH and chiA in the four meadows followed the order of undisturbed meadow > grazed meadow > fencing meadow > fencing + reseeding meadow. The abundance of nifH and chiA in the undisturbed meadow was 3.4-6.3 times and 3.3-8.3 times of that in the other three meadows. The α diversity of N 2 -fixing bacteria in gra-zing, fencing, and fencing + reseeding meadows was significantly higher than that in the undisturbed meadow, while the α diversity of chitin-degrading bacteria was higher in the undisturbed and grazing meadows. Grazing significantly increased the relative abundance of Proteobacteria, but decreased the relative abundance of Cyanobacteria and Actinobacteria. The abundance of nifH and chiA was significantly affected by soil moisture, nutrients, and vegetation characteristics, while the community structure of nifH and chiA was affected by soil moisture, soil organic carbon content, and soil pH. Compared with undisturbed meadow, grazing reduced the potential of N fixation and organic N degradation.The improvement of 10 years grazing prohibition with fencing and reseeding measures on the function of N fixation and organic N degradation was not obvious. The characteristics of functional microbes and their influencing factors should be comprehensively considered during meadow restoration, which might take longer time or take reasonable management measures to restore grazing meadow to undisturbed level.

We examined soil physical and chemical properties and plant community characteristics of four Kobresia alpine meadows at different degradation stages in Damxung County, Lhasa City, Tibet Autonomous Region, China, with the method of spatial sequence instead of time succession. The results showed that soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, ammonium, nitrate, and water content showed a decreasing trend as the degree of soil degradation increased, while pH showed an increasing trend. Plant community height, richness, diversity index and evenness index of the moderately degraded meadow were the highest. Community coverage and total biomass were the largest in undegraded meadow and the smallest in the severely degraded meadow. As the degree of meadow degradation intensifies, the biomass and proportion of Cyperaceae decreased, the biomass and proportion of legumes and weeds increased, and the biomass and proportion of Gramineae first increased and then decreased. The aboveground biomass of meadow was significantly positively correlated with soil organic carbon content, total nitrogen content, total phosphorus content, and soil water content, and significantly negatively correlated with soil pH. With the vegetation degradation in meadow, soil degradation had worsened, which ultimately manifested as a significant decline in grassland productivity.

Objective: To explore the clinical diagnosis and treatment of seminal vesicle cyst (SVC) associated with ipsilateral renal agenesis (Zinner syndrome) in order to promote the understanding of the disease., Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data about 1 case ofZinner syndrome diagnosed and treated in our hospital and reviewed the literature related to this disease in domestic and foreign authoritative databases., Results: The patient was a 23-year-old male, diagnosed with Zinner syndrome, treated bytransrectal aspiration of SVC, and discharged from hospital 3 days postoperatively. Follow-upat 6 months after discharge found that the patient no longer felt perineal discomfort in the endstage of urination, but transrectal ultrasonography of the prostate revealedthe samevolume of fluid in the left seminal vesicles as before,which indicated recurrence., Conclusions: SVC associated with ipsilateral renal agenesis can be considered asZinner syndrome. Transrectal aspiration of SVCcan relieve the local symptoms of the patient but relapse may easilyoccur. Therefore it is not recommended as the first-choice treatment of the disease.

The regulation mechanism of arecoline on rat hepatic CYP2E1 was studied in vivo. After oral administration of arecoline hydrobromide (AH; 4, 20 and 100 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1)) to rats for one week, the hepatic CYP2E1 mRNA level remained unchanged, but the hepatic CYP2E1 protein content was dose-dependently increased. Additionally, although the hepatic CYP2E1 activity was induced by AH treatment, the induction was attenuated with the increase in dosage. The results indicate that the effect of arecoline on rat hepaticdoes not involve transcriptional activation of the gene, but largely involves the stabilization of CYP2E1 protein against degradation or increased efficiency of CYP2E1 mRNA translation, and additionally involve the post- ranslational modification of CYP2E1 protein. Furthermore, the CYP2E1 response is fairly equal among the different species, the induction of rat hepatic CYP2E1 by arecoline suggests that there is a risk of metabolic interaction among the substrate drugs of CYP2E1 in betel-quid use human.

Objective: To explore the characteristics of the dismembered homicide cases in Shanghai and to provide the valuable guidance for forensic pathological practices., Methods: Twenty-four cases of dismembered homicides were selected from 2005 to 2012 in Institute of Forensic Science, Shanghai Public Security Bureau. The general information of the victims and suspects, cause of death, criminal motive, postmortem body parts, tools and information of discarding body parts were retrospectively analyzed., Results: Among the 24 dismembered homicide cases, victims were female in 16 cases, and suspects were male in 23 cases and were acquaintances in 22 cases. The main causes of death were mechanical asphyxia and traumatic brain injury. Most of the criminal motives were emotional disputes. The number of postmortem body parts was commonly from 20 to 30. The tools were mainly sharp instruments, including kitchen knives used in 20 cases. The postmortem body parts were discarded to different transregional areas, mainly using vehicles., Conclusion: The dismembered homicide cases in Shanghai show the following characteristics: the number of postmortem body parts is in large quantity; the methods of dismembered corpse are complex and different; the job characteristics of suspects are difficult to determine; the distance from homicide scene is far and the vehicles are commonly used.

Objective: To synthesize three amphiphilic molecules (TEG-R1, TEG-R2, TEG-R3), with branched oligo polyethylene glycol as hydrophilic fractions and aliphatic chains (containing six, eight and twelve carbon atoms respectively) as hydrophobic fractions, and study them as insoluble drug vectors., Method: Three compounds were successfully through acylation, substitution reaction, reduction reaction and esterification. Their structures were verified by NMR analysis; and the critical micelle concentrations (CMC) of TEG-R1, TEG-R2, TEG-R3 were determined by pyrene fluorescence probe spectrometry. Transmission electronic microscopy (TEM) photos displayed the state of the aqueous solution. The self-assembly solution evaporation method was adopted to prepare drug loading podophyllotoxin micelles, and characterize their grain size, in order to detect the hemolysis of the three amphiphilic molecules., Result: Nuclear magnetism showed the successful synthesis of three amphiphilic molecules, with critical micelle concentrations of TEG-R1, TEG-R2, TEG-R3 of 50, 50, 10 mg x L(1), respectively. Transmission electronic microscopy (TEM) photos displayed a spherical-like state, with diameter of 20-50 nm. All of the three amphiphilic molecules could be prepared into drug-loading micelles, with the range of grain sizes between 100-200 nm. Hemdytic experiment showed that, among the amphiphilic molecules of the graft six-carbon aliphatic chain, TEG-R1 could not cause hemolysis., Conclusion: All of the three amphiphilic molecules are micellized in water solution, and can be used as insoluble drug vectors. Among them, TEG-R1 could not cause hemolysis, and is expected to become a new-type drug vector.

Objective: To obtain the three dimensional visualization model with normal measurements of fetal brain in the second trimester and analyze the developmental changes with gestational age (GA), sexual dimorphisms and cerebral asymmetries., Methods: The brains of 69 fetal specimens of 12 - 22 weeks GA were scanned by 7.0T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The developing structures were analyzed and a three dimensional visualization model was rebuilt with Amira 4.1 software., Results: Most sulci, except for postcentral and intraparietal sulcus, were present until 22 weeks GA. And none developed secondary branches. Laminar organization, described as early as 12 weeks GA, was delineated as layers with different signal intensities and became typical after 16 weeks GA. Basal nuclei was distinctly visible. Brains had different growth rates linearly increasing with GA. But neither sexual dimorphisms nor cerebral asymmetries was detected., Conclusions: The initial developmental stage of fetal brain occurs at 12 - 22 weeks GA. The developing structures may be distinctly visualized on 7.0T post-mortem MRI. And the three dimensional visualization model aids greatly in the precise cognition of immature brain.

Objective: To provide objective proof on diagnosis of electrical current mark in electrocution, the environmental scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray microanalyser (ESEM-EDX) were adopted to study the microscopic morphological characteristics and elemental composition of electrical current mark., Methods: Morphological characteristics of electrical current marks, the elemental composition and morphology of metal particles were studied with ESEM-EDX., Results: The electroporation and metal melted beads could be found in the electrical current marks and skin around them. The metal melted beads mainly composed of common metal such as iron, copper, aluminum and some uncommon metal including gold, titanium and barium., Conclusion: ESEM-EDX can be applied in forensic diagnosis of electrocution.

Objective: To prepare a valuable nanodevice targeting for hepatic parenchymal cells to improve the effects of drugs for treatment of hepatitis B and liver cancer., Methods: Generation 3.5 dendrimer (G3.5 PAMAM) was conjugated with fluoresceine isothiocyanate (FITC) to obtain G3.5 PAMAM-FITC, which was then conjugated with 2-aminoethyl ß-D-galactopyranoside (Dgal) in different molar ratios (1:5, 1:10, 1:15, 1:20) to obtain Dgal(n)-PAMAM-FITC. Flow cytometry was applied to examine which of the molar ratios was the best., Results: Through active ester method, we got conjugates in different molar ratios of G3.5 PAMAM-FITC to Dgal (1:5, 1:10, 1:15, 1:20). Cellular entry of FITC-labeled PAMAM conjugated with different numbers of Dgal was evaluated in vitro by using rat hepatocytes with flow cytometry, and it was found that one molecule of PAMAM conjugated with 20 molecules of Dgal was the best ratio., Conclusion: Dgal(20)-G3.5 PAMAM-FITC can be used for liver-targeting drug delivery system.

Objective: To study the optimization of hydrolysis process of dioscin catalyzed by hydrochloric acid., Methods: The effects of hydrochloric acid concentration, reaction temperature, reaction time and their interactions had been investigated using orthogonal design and single-factor experiments., Results: The optimum hydrolysis conditions were as follows: reaction temperature 90 degrees C, reaction time 3h, hydrochloric acid concentration 2.0 mol/L., Conclusion: Hydrochloric acid concentration and reaction temperature should be controlled because of their remarkable influence on hydrolysis process.

Aim: To clone and express the ligand binding domain (LBD) cDNA of porcine integrin beta3 as foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) receptor and prepare its polyclonal antibody., Methods: The LBD cDNA of porcine beta3 was obtained from the lung tissue of pig infected with FMDV by RT-PCR, and the recombinant plasmid pGEM/beta3LBD was constructed. After digested with BamH I/Xho I, the beta3LBD fragment was subcloned into prokaryotic expression vector pGEX 4T-1. The recombinant expression plasmid pGEX/beta3LBD was constructed and transformed into E.coli BL21(DE3). The recombinant porcine beta3LBD protein was expressed after IPTG induction and purified from total protein of BL21(DE3). The rabbits from New Zealand were immunized with the purified fusion protein to prepare polyclonal antibody, which was identified by Western blot and ELISA., Results: The 507 bp cDNA of porcine beta3LBD encoded a polypeptide of 169 amino acids. The similarity of nucleotide sequence beta3LBD between pigs and cattle, human being, chimpanzees, rhesus monkeys, horses, dogs, Norway rats, mice, chickens was 90.3%, 92.3%, 92.1%, 91.3%, 90.5%, 90.3%, 87.8%, 85.2%, 79.5%, respectively. The beta3LBD gene of mammals exhibited high sequence homology. The recombinant beta3LBD protein was expressed efficiently as inclusion body after IPTG induction and was approximately 44000. The titer of the polyclonal antibody against the purified beta3LBD protein was about 1:12 800 by ELISA., Conclusion: The gene cloning and expression of beta3LBD and the preparation of its polyclonal antibody lay a foundation for further research into the interaction of FMDV with beta3 subunit of porcine integrin.

Aim: To establish a colloid gold-immunochromatography assay (GICA) for detecting type Asia I foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV)., Methods: Colloidal gold was obtained by reducing the gold chloride with sodium citrate and then it was coupled with the purified anti-FMDV type Asia I antibody.The purified anti-FMDV type Asia I antibody and the goat anti-Guinea pig IgG were wrapped onto the nitrocellulose membrane as test line (T line) and control line (C line). The GICA strip was assembled with the purified antibody labelled with colloidal gold and the nitrocellulose containing antibody. The sensitivity, specificity and stability of GICA strip were evaluated in the diagnosis of FMD viral antigen from clinical samples., Results: The strip was highly sensitive to FMDV type Asia I(0.116 mg/L) and it had the same result for positive specimens tested thrice. Cross tests proved no cross reaction was found with other serotype FMDV and Swine vesicular disease (SVD) antigen.The corresponding rate of GICA with RIHA was 96.87% for detecting the field sample. The stably test found the strip could be stored for 12 months., Conclusion: The GICA strip is a simple and rapid immunochromatographic test strip for the detection of FMDV type Asia I with high sensitivity and specificity.

To make transcription of the target gene be driven by T7 RNA polymerase (T7 RNAP) in the eukaryotic cells, and the transcripts be CAP-independent translated. Firstly, the T7 RNAP was introduced into eukaryotic cells by two methods: (1) the BHK-21 cells were contransfected by the plasmid expressing T7 RNAP and pIERS-EGFP-ET vector; (2) by transfection of the cell line stably expressing T7 RNAP. The internal ribosome entry site (IRES) element from FMDV was cloned into the downstream of the T7 promoter sequence of the prokaryotic expressing vector pET-40a-c (+), resulted in the plasmid would express the transcripts carrying the IERS element at its 5' end. The enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) gene was cloned into the downstream of the IERS element, resulted in plasmid pIERS-EGFP-ET. Then, the two kinds of cells expressing T7 RANP were transfected by pIERS-EGFP-ET. The green fluorescence in the transfected cells was observed under a fluorescence microscope equipped with a video documentation system. And the expressional efficiency was analyzed with flow cytometry (FCM). The results show that the IRES element from FMDV has the role of initiating CAP-independent translation, and lay foundation for researching function of the element and interrelated proteins. It would be potential for expressing target gene by the T7 RNAP couple expression system.

Objective: To investigate the expression of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in the retina of 8-week-old diabetic rats, and explore the potential molecular mechanisms for the role of NO in diabetic retinopathy (DR)., Methods: Retinal gene expression profile of normal and 8-week-old diabetic rats was constructed with restriction fragment differential display polymerase chain reaction (RFDD-PCR). Bioinformatic analysis of the differentially expressed gene identified the genes coding for 3 subtypes of NOS, namely eNOS, nNOS and iNOS as the candidate genes related to DR, which was verified using semi-quantitative RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry., Results: The results of RFDD-PCR revealed down-regulated expression of eNOS and nNOS and up-regulated iNOS expression in diabetic rat retina. RT-PCR showed that the expression levels of eNOS and nNOS in diabetic rat retina were obviously lower than that in normal retina (0.23-/+0.03 vs 0.32-/+0.03 for eNOS, P<0.05; 0.25-/+0.02 vs 0.36-/+0.02 for nNOS, P<0.05), but the expression level of iNOS obviously higher (0.27-/+0.02 vs 0.20-/+0.03, P<0.05). Immunohistochemistry of healthy retina visualized eNOS-, nNOS- and iNOS-positive cells, all located in the inner nuclear layer (INL) and ganglion cell layer (GCL), and eNOS-positive cells were also found in vascular endothelium. In diabetic retina, the number of eNOS- and nNOS-positive cells was significantly lowered in comparison with normal rat retina (14.33-/+3.19 vs 22.13-/+3.60 for eNOS, P<0.05; 21.87-/+3.62 vs 34.40-/+7.09 for nNOS, P<0.05), but the number of iNOS-positive cells significantly increased (17.60-/+2.58 vs 11.73-/+2.70, P<0.05)., Conclusion: The alterations in eNOS, nNOS and iNOS expression are associated with the deuelopmant and progression of DR.

Objective: To study the possible role of ganglioside GM1 in proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCs) of rats in vitro., Methods: (1) Fetal rats were employed to this study. The primary cells isolated from the cerebral cortex and hippocampus were cultured with serum-free incubation technique and then the cellular differentiation were induced with serum. (2) The proliferation and differentiation features of NSCs were observed under phase contrast microscope after the GM1 with different concentrations were added into NSCs' and serum-free DMEM/F12 culture media., Results: (1) Comparing with control, no significant proliferation of NSCs was coming to pass when the GM1 with low concentration was added into the cell culture medium; however, the size of NSCs clones gradually decreased and the cells were dying when the GM1 with high concentration was added into NSCs' culture medium. (2) NSCs, cultured in DMEM/F12 culture medium only containing GM1, neither proliferated nor differentiated, but were dying soon., Conclusion: GM1 of low concentration (12.5 microg/mL) has no significant influence on proliferation of NSCs, but GM1 of higher concentration can inhibit the NSCs' proliferation in culture medium.

In this paper PCR-SSCP technique was used to analyze the polymorphisms of the tenth exon of GHR gene in Qinchuan cattle. The results showed that PCR products demonstrated polymorphisms in Qinchuan cattle and the population was at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P > 0.05). There were three allele gene A, B, C in this locus with the corresponding frequencies of 0.5956, 0.2905 and 0.1140. The amplified fragments of homozygosis genotype were sequenced. The result showed that there were two mutation in these fragments. Then the relationship between genotypes and productive performances was analyzed by the Least Squire Method (LSM). The results showed that some productive performances of the indi-viduals with genotype AB were higher than those of the other genotypes, and the derivation was significant among geno-types. It suggested that GHR gene may be a candidate gene responsible for growth trait in Qinchuan cattle.

Objective: To clarify the changes in cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis and in the expression of vital cytokines during development of 6-8 week old embryo, and hence provide the evidence for identifying the mechanisms of cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis during early developing human embryonic brain., Methods: Human aborted embryos were obtained with the consents signed by the pregnant women with unexpected abortions in gestation of 6-8 weeks. The histochemical SABC method and TUNEL Staining were employed to this research project., Results: At 6 weeks, two telencephalons, diencephalon, mesencephalon, metencephalon, and myelencephalon have been formed, and from week 6 to 8, every cerebral vesicle has had three layer cells including germinal layer (GL), intermediate layer ( IL ), and marginal zone (MZ). At 6-7 weeks, TUNEL-labeled cells and PCNA-, Bcl-2-, Bax-, Fas-, Fas-L-, Rb- and P53-positive cells were all observed in the GL and IL of the five brain regions, positive deposition appeared in nuclei. At week 8, Fas- and Rb-positive cells were observed in the IL of the five brain regions, positive deposition appeared in cytoplasm and cell processes, and no changes in the distributions of TUNEL-labeled cells and positive cells regarding the other five factors. The expressions of the cytokines were in agreement with the occurrence of the neuronal proliferation and apoptosis temporally and in space., Conclusion: During development in early embryo brain, neural precursor cell proliferation and apoptosis occur simultaneously. Fas, FasL and Bax may be involved in the induction of cell apoptosis. Bcl-2 probably prevents the cell apoptosis and provides a survival signal for cells. Rb and P53 may play a critical role in monitoring and maintaining the normal neural precursor cell to proliferation and differentiation.

By RACE, 2 overlapping cDNA fragments (3'PCR and 5'PCR fragments) covering the full genome of swine vesicular disease virus strain HK'1/70 were amplified from total RNA extracted from experimentally infected suckling mice. These fragments were cloned into pGEM-T Easy vector, respectively. 5'PCR fragment was digested by enzymes of Aat II and BssH II, and the Aat II-BssH II-digested 5'PCR fragment was obtained and cloned into the recombinant pGEM-T Easy vector containing 3'PCR fragment,the recombinant plasmid encoding full-length cDNA of SVDV HK'I/70 strain was then obtained and sequenced. The results showed that the complete genome of HK'1/70 was 7401 nucleotides (nts) long (excluding the poly (A) tract) which encodes a single polyprotein of 2185 amino acids, a 5'u ntranslating region (UTR) of 743 nts, a 3'UTR of 102 nts and a poly (A) tail at least 74 adenines. T' promoter was added at the 5'e nd of the full-length cDNA and an additional Pspl406I restriction site was added at the 3'e nd of poly (A) tail. The nucleotide and amino acid sequences were compared and phylogenetic analysis was used to examine the evolutionary relationships. The results showed that HK'1 /70 belonged to the second antigenic group. SVD virus was antigenically closely related to Coxsackie B5 virus, and located on the branches of CB5 evolutionary tree. Successful construction of full-length cDNA clone of SVDV HK'1/70 strain lays foundation for rescuing SVDV effectively and enables further research of SVDV on molecular level.

Objective: To study the microsurgical anatomy of human epiglottic blood vessel to provide exact and reliable data and morphological properties for further studies of laryngeal transplantation, reconstruction and other epiglottis-related diseases., Methods: Thirty Chinese adult cadavers (27 males and 3 females) were examined for the present study. The cadavers were dissected under magnification along the anatomic planes from skin down to vertebral column. The anterior neck was exposed by a midline incision and extended laterally along the angle of mandible superiorly, and on clavicle inferiorly. After the visualization of laryngeal prominence of thyroid cartilage, strap muscles were resected and superior laryngeal artery and epiglottic blood vessel were exposed under an operating microscope ( original magnification 7 -30). The epiglottic artery was named for the first time., Results: The diameter of superior laryngeal artery was (1. 06+/-0. 16) mm( male: 1. 09 mm+/-0. 12 mm). The diameter of origin epiglottic artery was (0. 79+/-0. 13) mm (male: 0. 81 mm+/-0. 11 mm). The vertical distance between origin epiglottic artery and superior horn of thyroid cartilage was (27. 16+/-3. 85) mm. Epiglottic artery loop was observed in all the cadavers, which could be M-, N-, omega-, or U-shaped and mixed under the thyrohyoid membrane or in the epiglottic vallecula., Conclusions: These findings could improve the application of epiglottis in laryngeal functional reconstruction after partial laryngectomy, as well as in the prevention of epiglottic artery loop injuries during the operation.

Objective: To explore the efficacy of Y-type anatomical plate in patients with distal humeral fracture., Methods: Thirty three patients suffered from comminuted distal humeral fracture undertook the operation. Among them, 15 were supracondyle fracture, and the other 18 were intercondyle fracture. All patients were treated with middle post elbow incision, reposition, and fixed with Y-type anatomical steel plate., Results: All patients were followed up for 16 months after the operation, and all fractures healed. The average healing time was 3. 5 months. The elbow joint function according to Aitken and Rombeck's elbow function rating system was evaluated, and the results were as follows: the function recovery was excellent in 29 patients, good in 2 and fair in the other 2 patients. The excellence rate was 93. 9%., Conclusion: Y-type anatomical steel plate is excellent in the treatment of distal humeral fracture.

Objective: To adopt the method of adhering to culture plastic in different time for cultivating and purifying BMSCs of green fluorescent protein (GFP) transgenic mice., Methods: Bone marrow cells isolated from GFP transgenic mice are directly planted in culture flask and an exchange of the total volume medium is made at different time. Then the cells adhering to culture plastic are differently counted according to the cell types and are examined by immunohistochemistry using the antibodies of CD44, CD45 and CD54 in three days. Moreover, the cells after the exchange of the total volume medium in 4 hours, 8 hours and 24 hours are selected and successively subcultured down to the fifth passage. Then the result of amplification is calculated and the cells are examined by immunohistochemistry using the antibodies of CD44, CD45 and CD54., Results: With the extending of the time for the first exchange of medium, the density of cells adhering to culture plastic increased accordingly, but the BMSCs proportion decreased. The cells after first exchange of medium in 4 hours had high BMSCs proportion but low BMSCs density, and the cells in 24 hours had high BMSCs density and low BMSCs proportion. However, the cells in 8-10 hours had high BMSCs density and also high BMSCs proportion. The subcultured BMSCs could stably express GFP., Conclusion: The method of adhering to culture plastic in different time for cultivating and purifying BMSCs of GFP transgenic mice is effective. It is suitable to make the first exchange of total volume medium in 8-10 hours. The subcultured cell has the capacity for amplification and will probably be a seed cell for the research of tissue engineering and gene therapy.

Objective: Establishing the retinal gene expression profiles of non-diabetic rat and diabetic rat and comparing the profiles in order to analyze the possible genes related with diabetic retinopathy., Methods: The whole retinal transcriptional fragments of non-diabetic rat and 8-week diabetic rat were obtained by restriction fragments differential display-PCR (RFDD-PCR). Bioinformatic analysis of retinal gene expression was performed using soft wares, including Fragment Analysis. After comparison of the expression profiles, the related gene fragments of diabetic retinopathy were initially selected as the target gene of further approach., Results: A total of 3639 significant fragments were obtained. By means of more than 3-fold contrast of fluorescent intensity as the differential expression standard, the authors got 840 differential fragments, accounting for 23.08% of the expressed numbers and including 5 visual related genes, 13 excitatory neruotransmitter genes and 3 inhibitory neurotransmitter genes. At the 8th week, the expression of Rhodopsin kinase, beta-arrestin, Phosducinìrod photoreceptor cGMP-gated channel and Rpe65 as well as iGlu R1-4 were down-regulated. mGluRs and GABA-Rs were all up-regulated, whereas the expression of GlyR was unchanged., Conclusion: These results prompt again that the changes in retinal nervous layer of rat have occurred at an early stage of diabetes. The genes expression pattern of visual related genes and excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters in rat diabetic retina have been involved in neuro-dysfunctions of diabetic retina.

Objective: To investigate the role of NS398, a selective cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 inhibitor, in proliferation and apoptosis of colorectal cancer, and to reveal the mechanism of inhibiting colon cancer by NS-398 Independent of COX-2., Methods: Human colon cancer cells of the line SW480 were cultured and then divided into 2 groups: experimental group and control group. NS398 of the concentrations of 12.5, 25, 50, 75, 100, and 125 micromol/L was added into the culture fluid of the experimental group. MTT assay was used to observe the proliferation of the cells, flow cytometry was used to test the cell cycle, RT-PCR analysis was performed to examine COX-2 mRNA expression, and Western blotting analysis was performed to detect the expression of Stat5, peroxisome proliferators-activated receptors (PPARs), cyclin D1 and Bcl-x(L)., Results: Expression of COX-2 mRNA was not detected in the SW480 colon cancer cells. 72 hours after the addition of NS398 75 micromol/L the proliferative level of the SW480 cells was decreased; the rate of the cells at the G(1) stage increased from 31.2% to 40.6%, and the rate of cells at the S stage decreased from 52.8% to 41.2%. The expression of Stat5, PPARdelta, cyclin D1 and Bcl-x(L) decreased along with the elongation of time of NS398 action., Conclusion: COX-2 inhibitor, such as NS-398 inhibits the colon cancer cell proliferation and induces apoptosis of colon cancer cells with the possible mechanism of inhibiting the proliferation and inducing the apoptosis of colon cancer cells through a pathway independent of COX-2.

Objective: Through studying the difference between the hypertensive patients and those with normal blood pressure who all from the same hypertensive pedigree, we tried to find the factors which would decrease the risk of hypertension., Methods: Hypertensive patients, when coming to the cardiovascular clinic of Xuan Wu Hospital from 2003 to 2004, were defined as the members of the hypertensive pedigrees through inquiry. 84 families including 368 persons, with 192 syblings were involved. Metabolic syndrome could be defined by the criterion of adult treatment panel III., Results: When compared with normal blood pressure persons, clinical examinations of the hypertensive patients had an higher levels of triglyceride, total cholesterol, glucose and body mass index (BMI). The hypertensive group showed higher ratios among male patients, smokers, alcohol drinkers, having irritable personality and high-salt-intake. Through logistic regression, overweight, smoking and irritable temperament showed positive relations with hypertension. The rate of metabolic syndrome was higher in hypertension group., Conclusion: It is important that either persons with normal blood pressure or hypertension should control their body weights (BMI) since the rate of metabolic syndrome in hypertension group was high.

Objective: To investigate stress distribution of different material restored post-cores in dentine and provide a theoretical guidance for clinical use., Methods: A three-dimensional finite element model of maxillary central incisor restored with post-core and PFM crown was constructed by SCT scan technology. Based on this model, stress distribution in dentine was analyzed before and after post-core restorations with 6 different materials, including cast Ni-Cr alloy, cast titanium alloy, cast gold alloy, glass fiber reinforced composite, polythene fiber reinforced composite, and common composite resin., Results: When the tooth was restored with cast Ni-Cr alloy post and PFM crown, the maximum tensile stress and Von Mises stress in dentin at post apex increased 152% and 162% respectively, compared with a tooth restored only with PFM crown. If polythene fiber reinforced composite was used as post material, the stress distribution did not significantly change. When the other materials were used for the post, the stress distribution changed greatly. The elastic modulus of post-core materials affected the stress distribution pattern in dentine., Conclusion: The materials with elastic modulus similar to that of dentin, such as polythene fiber reinforced composite, may be suitable for post restoration.

Background & Objective: X-ray radiography is the first choice for detecting chest diseases. However, "visual obstacles" caused by the overlaps between ribs and lung in chest radiography affects the observation and analysis of chest diseases. The objective of this study was to investigate the value of direct digital radiography (DR) dual-energy technique in diagnosis of chest disease located in the overlaps between ribs and lung., Methods: Thirty-five cases of chest tubercular diseases located in the overlaps between ribs and lung were examined using direct digital radiography (DR) dual-energy technique., Results: Ratings of dual-energy technique radiography in detecting chest tubercular diseases were 94.3% whereas the ratings of DR radiography were 45.7%. Bone and soft tissue can be separated in the radiography using dual-energy technique., Conclusion: DR dual-energy technique not only increases the visibility towards chest tubercular disease, but also discriminates the location (ribs or lung) of chest tubercular disease.

Background & Objective: Signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (Stat3) pathway can be activated by cytokines and growth factors, and activation of Stat3 is involved in modulating cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Stat3 has been classified as an oncogene because Stat3 can mediate malignant transformation of cultured cells. This study was conducted to investigate the expression of Stat3 and its target gene products including Cyclin D1 and Bcl-x(L) in human colorectal carcinoma (CRC) tissues and cells, and to explore the mechanisms in tumorigenesis of CRC., Methods: The expression of Stat3, p-Stat3, Cyclin D1, and Bcl-x(L) in 45 cases of cancerous tissues, adjacent normal tissues, and two colon cancer cell lines including SW480 and HCT116 was measured by Western blot analysis. The expression pattern of Stat3 and its activated form p-Stat3 was determined by immunohistochemical staining. The relationship of the expression of p-Stat3, Cyclin D1, and Bcl-x(L) in CRC with various clinicopathological characteristics was analyzed statistically., Results: The protein expression rates of p-Stat3, Cyclin D1, and Bcl-x(L) in colorectal cancer and adjacent normal mucosa were 57.8%, 64.4%, 68.9%, and 42.2%, 35.6%, 31.1%,respectively; and their protein levels (A value) were 114263+/-53598, 58321+/-24872, 71032+/-43425 in colorectal cancer and 55971+/-28762, 22563+/-11160, 37281+/-14622 in adjacent normal mucosa (P< 0.05). Overexpression of p-Stat3 was correlated with clinical stage and nodal metastasis in colorectal cancer (P = 0.026 and P= 0.018, respectively). Elevated levels of Cyclin D1 were associated with nodal metastasis (P= 0.041). It was found that Cyclin D1 was in a positive linear correlation fashion with p-Stat3 in tumor (r = 0.382, P< 0.05). Activated Stat3 was also detected in both colon cancer cell lines SW480 and HCT116., Conclusion: Stat3 signaling pathway may play an important role in the tumorigenesis of colorectal carcinoma. Determination of Stat3 and its target gene products can be used to indicate the malignancy degree of colorectal carcinoma.