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In order to reduce the probability of damage to the cross arm of a 1 000 kV UHV steel tube tower， the general software TTA and the finite element software ANSYS are used for refined analysis on the internal force of the cross arm. Two cross arm arrangement methods are proposed： one is to reduce the first diagonal member and the other is to reduce the last diagonal member. Moreover， the internal force changes of the cross arm of the strain tower and the straight line tower under the two arrangement modes are compared under the two layout methods， and the reasons of the difference in internal forces are analyzed. Studies have shown that the internal forces of the cross arm on the upper plane in case of the reduced first diagonal member and the last diagonal member are smaller than those under the fully sealed condition； the internal forces of the cross member on the lower plane are larger than those under the fully sealed condition； the overall force of the straight line tower is less than that of the strain tower. Under the first-member-less or last-member-less layout of the cross member on the upper plane， it is suggested to adopt ANSYS finite element to calculate and analyze internal forces on the upper plane under the two arrangement modes； when the cross member on the upper plane of the cross arm is fully sealed， the TTA and the ANSYS share the same calculation results.

The major enrichment type of shale oil in the Chang 73 shale of Upper Triassic Yanchang Formation in the Ordos Basin is unknown. This paper analyzes the organic matter transformation ratio, hydrocarbon expulsion efficiency and roof/floor sealing conditions of the Chang 73 shale, and evaluates the major enrichment type of shale oil in this interval. The average organic matter transformation ratio of the Chang 73 shale is about 45%; in other words, more than 50% of the organic matters have not transformed to hydrocarbons, and the lower the maturity, the greater the proportion of untransformed organic matters. The cumulative hydrocarbon expulsion efficiency of the transformed hydrocarbon is 27.5% on average, and the total proportion of untransformed organic matters plus retained hydrocarbons is greater than 70%. The relative hydrocarbon expulsion efficiency of the Chang 73 shale is 60% on average, that is, about 40% of hydrocarbons retain in the shale. The Chang 73 shale corresponds to Chang 71+2 and Chang 8 sandstones as the roof and floor, respectively, and is further overlaid by Chang 6 shale, where extensive low porosity and low permeability–tight oil reservoirs have formed in the parts with relatively good porosity and permeability. Moreover, the Chang 73 shale is tested to be in a negative pressure system (the pressure coefficient of 0.80–0.85). Therefore, the roof/floor sealing conditions of the Chang 73 shale are poor. The retained hydrocarbons appear mostly in absorbed status, with low mobility. It is concluded that the medium–high mature shale oil is not the major enrichment type of shale oil in the Chang 73 shale, but there may be enrichment opportunity for shale oil with good mobility in the areas where the sealing conditions are good without faults and fractures and oil reservoirs are formed off Chang 71+2, Chang 6 and Chang 8. Furthermore, low–medium mature shale oil is believed to have great potential and is the major enrichment type of shale oil in the Chang 73 shale. It is recommended to prepare relevant in-situ conversion technologies by pilot test and figure out the resource availability and distribution.

The area from the northwestern Qaidam Basin to Yiliping is large and the exploration degree of proved petroleum reserves is low. It is of great significance for future petroleum resource assessment to recover the thickness of eroded formation. In this paper, several methods including stratigraphic trend extension, interval transit time, vitrinite reflectivity and Easy%Ro optimization were used to calculate the formation erosion thickness during the late tectonic movement in the study area, and its significance for hydrocarbon accumulation was quantitatively discussed. The Quaternary and Pliocene Shizigou Formation (N23) in the study area were generally eroded, with a maximum erosion thickness of about 1 000 m on the top of some local structures. The Upper Youshashan Formation (N22) was eroded on the top of some structures such as Youquanzi, and the Lower Youshashan Formation (N21) was eroded only at the periphery of the basin. The Yingxiongling structural belt, the top of each structure and the Altun foreland are the areas experienced the most serious erosion, generally more than 500 m of thickness. The erosion thickness in the depression and the eastern part of the study area is relatively smaller, usually less than 500 m, and the tectonic activities here are relatively stable. The distribution of petroleum reservoirs and hydrocarbon shows are closely related to the erosion thickness of sedimentary strata. The erosion thickness with appropriate strength (300-1 500 m) is conducive to the formation of oil and gas reservoirs, while an erosion thickness over 1 500 m is easy to cause damage to oil and gas reservoirs.

Abstract: Well Zhongqiu 1 obtained highly productive oil-gas stream in the footwall of Zhongqiu structure, marking the strategic breakthrough of Qiulitag structural belt in the Tarim Basin. However, the oil and gas sources in Zhongqiu structural belt and the reservoir formation process in Zhongqiu 1 trap remain unclear, so study on these issues may provide important basis for the next step of oil and gas exploration and deployment in Qiulitage structural belt. In this study, a systematic correlation of oil and gas source in Well Zhongqiu 1 has been carried out. The oil in Well Zhongqiu 1 is derived from Triassic lacustrine mudstone, while the gas is a typical coal-derived gas and mainly from Jurassic coal measures. The oil charging in Well Zhongqiu 1 mainly took place during the sedimentary period from Jidike Formation to Kangcun Formation in Neogene, and the oil was mainly contributed by Triassic source rock; large-scale natural gas charging occurred in the sedimentary period of Kuqa Formation in Neogene, and the coal-derived gas generated in the late Jurassic caused large-scale gas invasion to the early Triassic crude oil reservoirs. The Zhongqiu 1 trap was formed earlier than or at the same period as the hydrocarbon generation and expulsion period of Triassic-Jurassic source rocks. Active faults provided paths for hydrocarbon migration. The source rocks-faults-traps matched well in time and space. Traps in the footwall of the Zhongqiu structural fault have similar reservoir-forming conditions with the Zhongqiu 1 trap, so they are favorable targets in the next step of exploration.

The Yingdong I field is a large oil and gas field of shallow burial depth, high yield and high abundance. Its accumulation model is established by the analysis of the fault opening and sealing mechanisms. Faults in the field have the characteristics of sealing in shallow formations and opening in deep formations. Shallow faults are sealed because shallow formations were still in the stage of weak diagenesis, and under the influence of diagenesis, shale smear was formed in mudstones which were elongated and uninterrupted, and cataclasis happened in sandstones. On the other hand, deep faults are open because it was difficult for shale smear to form as mudstones in the fault zone had experienced so intense diagenesis that brittle fractures were produced and considerable cracks were formed. The accumulation model can be summarized as follows: deep faults transporting, shallow faults sealing, lower-generation and upper storage and late accumulation, that is to say, when oil and gas migrated along the deep opening faults upward from the source rock, the reservoirs were formed in the shallow layers because of faults sealing. The Shizigou-Youshasha, Kaitemilike, Yanshan and Youdunzi structures have a shallow structure style and accumulation model similar to that of the Yingdong I and are the favorable zones for exploration. Key words: Qaidam Basin, Yingdong I, diagenesis, fault sealing, fault opening, accumulation model, favorable target

[Objective] Due to the hidden nature of seepage erosion occurring in engineering and the complexity of its development, discrete element simulation has become an important tool for scholars to carry out research on seepage erosion mechanisms.The parametric construction of the solid model influences the transport and loss of particles under water flow by controlling the filling and distribution of particles within the model, and is a key component in carrying out discrete elemental simulations of seepage erosion. [Methods] The current research on discrete element model parameters is mainly a single-parameter discussion. In this paper, from the three dimensions of soil pore space, soil particles and wall sidewalls, six sets of soil models are constructed by considering the changes of porosity, particle overlap ratio and wall modulus, and upward seepage calculations are carried out to record the internal particle loss process, the structural change of the force chain, and the change of the porosity process, in order to evaluate the influence of the three parameters on the model. The influence mechanism of the discrete element model parameters on the seepage and erosion process was also analyzed from a fine-grained point of view. [Results] Discrete element model parameters affect the stage of particle loss under water flow by influencing the composition of particles and force chains within the model. Initial porosity controls the number of particles filling the interior of the model; wall modulus and particle overlap ratio affect the number of contacts within the model. Models with a high number of particles and contacts have internal particles that tend to move as clusters of particles; conversely, free fine particles that do not form contacts undergo longitudinal migration as single particles within the model, and the porosity profile shows fluctuating changes. [Conclusion] In this study, the effect of parameters on the model is described from a fine-grained point of view, with a view to providing a theoretical reference for the use of discrete element simulation methods based on the fluid-structure coupling theory.

Electrospinning porous silica fiber ( Epsf) prepared by electrospinning as the catalyst carrier, took Co and Zn as bimetallic active components. The bimetallic load-type catalyst was prepared by the equal volume impregnation method, and the technical features of SEM, XRF were used to explore the effect of its application on the degradation effect of chemical wastewater. The results showed that when the mass ratio of the Zn and Co bimetal components in the catalyst was 1 1, its synergistic ozone had a good treatment effect on wastewater. The COD degradation rate of wastewater was 97. 1% within 100 min,and after the catalyst was reused 7 times,the COD degradation rate of wastewater could still reach 79. 1%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The method of machining negative pressure angle spiral clutches with disc milling cutter and gear milling machine is studied. The mathematical model is established according to the characteristics of spiral clutches firstly, and the coordinate transformation relationship from the cutting tool system to workpiece system, the tooth surface points and mismatch quantity are calculated after selecting the appropriate initial value of the surface coordinates. Based on the above analysis, the 3D model of the clutch and mismatch analysis are completed after an example is introduced. To verify the tooth surface calculation theory, the machining simulation is carried out. The correctness of calculation and the feasibility of method are verified.

In order to improve the accuracy and stability of rolling bearing performance prediction,a prediction method combining soft predictive ART-RBF integrated forecasting model and confidence CV value is proposed. The soft ART is introduced into the RBF neural network to establish the soft ART-RBF neural network prediction model. Combining with weighted average technology,the establishment of integrated soft ART-RBF neural network prediction model is carried out. And the confidence degree（CV） value with rich fault information is obtained through the self-organizing map（SOM） network as a comprehensive index to characterize the degradation of rolling bearing performance. Finally,the above method is verified by the acceleration signal obtained by the accelerated fatigue test of the rolling bearing. The results show that the method can effectively improve the accuracy and stability of the prediction of the degradation trend of rolling bearings.

In order to improve spiral bevel gear machining efficiency and reduce installing times,the method of machining spiral bevel gear by double-spindle cutter head is proposed. Firstly,the double-spindle cutter head machine model is established,and the NC machining motion is analyzed. Secondly,the machine motion axis coordinate is calculated based on motion equivalent relation. On basis of these works,in order to ensure tooth flank machining precision,the process of tooth flank errors modification for double-spindle cutter head machining is studied. Finally,the machining and measuring experiments are conducted on a pair of 17/28 gears,and the results verifies that the machining method by double-spindle cutter head is effective.

Aiming at the development of the water motor of petrochemical decoking transmission,the method of pitch curve calculation and tooth profile machining of non- circular planetary gear with tooth surface modification is studied. By using the multiobjective optimization theory,the mathematical model to solve the pitch curve of non- circular planetary gear is established,the calculation theory of non- circular gear tooth profile is proposed,the program of solving the pitch curve and tooth profile coordinate calculation is developed based on the software of Matlab. The correctness of the theory and the feasibility of the software are verified through the example calculation and processing and assembling experiment.

The profile of the gear in internal helical gear is modified to realize point to point contact. The transmission coordinate system is built to deduce the tooth surface equation,the nonlinear meshing equation is built based on meshing theory. The relative velocity and normal vector of the reference point are calculated,and the numerical solution of nonlinear meshing equations is obtained with newton iteration method. The numerical solution is substituted into the mesh equation to solve the transmission error,tooth contact trace and contact ellipse,consequently realized the mesh simulation of the internal helical gears which tooth surface is carried out.

To learn the current situation and strengthen the management of national standards for Chinese medicinal materials, we sorted out the relevant national standards. According to incomplete statistics, there are 1 185 kinds of Chinese medicinal materials, including 1 024 kinds of plant medicines, 106 kinds of animal medicines, and 54 kinds of mineral medicines, in addition to ethnic medicinal materials with different functions. The relevant standards include 819 Pharmacopoeia standards, 342 standards issued by the Ministry of Health or National Medicinal Products Administration, 7 standards for new medicinal materials, and 17 standards for imported medicinal materials. In this paper, the sources of standards as well as the distribution of families and genera and the distribution of medicinal parts of medicinal materials are analyzed. The suggestions are as follows:(1)to improve the coordination among different national standards of Chinese medicinal materials;(2)to improve the standardization and controllability of relevant standards;(3)to revise the issued standards for Chinese medicinal materials(including Tibetan, Uygur, and Mongolian medicinal materials).

Objective: To investigate the chemical constituents in the roots of Angelica nitida., Methods: The chemical constituents were isolated by silica gel,their structures were identified by spectral analysis., Results: Nine compounds were isolated and identified as isoimperatorin(I), imperatorin(II), cnidilin(III), beta-sitosterol(IV), isopimpinellin(V), phellopterin(VI), neobyakangelicol(VII), (3S)-2,2-dimethyl-3,5-dihydroxy-8-hydroxylmethyl-3,4-dihydro-2H,6H-benzo[1,2-b: 5,4-b'] dipyran-6-one(VIll) and byakangelicin (IX)., Conclusion: All the compounds are isolated from the plant for the first time.

Objective: To explore the association of fractalkine (FKN) and CD11c expressions oncommon carotid artery atherosclerotic plaques from apoE(-/-) mice with the severity of atherosclerotic lesions., Methods: Totally 24 apoE(-/-) mice were divided into two groups and fed on a high-fat diet or a normal diet for 12 weeks. Then the blood lipids as well as the plaque area and vascular stenosis rate of the common carotid artery were measured to evaluate the severity of atherosclerotic lesions of the animals. Moreover, immunohistochemical staining was performed to examine the levels of FKN and CD11c expression., Results: The plaque areas and vascular stenosis rates of the common carotid artery in the experimental group were remarkably larger than those in control group (about 4-fold and 2-fold, respectively). The level of FKN expression in the experimental group was 2 times of that in the control group (P<0.05), and the number of CD11c (+) cells in the plaques in the experimental group was about 4 times of than in the control group (P<0.05)., Conclusion: The expressions of chemokine and FKN remarkably increase in apoE (-/-) atherosclerotic plaques, suggesting that chemokine and FKN may paly important roles in the development of atherosclerosis.

Objective: Compared the difference of the configuration of vegetative organs of medicinal Chrysanthemum in the same habitats but from various original locations and species, in order to provide scientific basis for the study of introduction, differentiation within the species, breeding and genetic diversity., Methods: The experimental plot were divided into some groups randomly in design and the configuration of vegetative organs were observed, measureed and analysed., Results: The differences of the type and shape of the leaves were obvious. All the Chrysanthemum morifolium cv. 'Gongju' had deep notch long-leaves; Chrysanthemum morifolium cv. 'Boju', Chrysanthemum morifolium cv. 'Chuju', Chrysanthemum morifolium cv. 'Hang bai ju' and Chrysanthemum morifolium cv. 'Hang huang ju' had deep notch correctitude-leaves; Chrysanthemum nakingense and Chrysanthemum indicum had long-leaves; Chrysanthemum indicum had clump-leaves. All the 12 medicinal Dendranthema material had auricle except Chrysanthemum morifolium cv. 'Boju' and Chrysanthemum morifolium cv. 'Chuju'. The young leaves of Chrysanthemum morifolium cv. 'Gongju', Chrysanthemum morifolium cv. 'Gongju' and Chrysanthemum morifolium cv. 'Hang bai ju' did not split and the rest were all splitting., Conclusion: The differences of the configuration of vegetative organs were obvious and the Key of Vegetative organs was built.

Objective: To determine the validity of the pulmonary function equipment., Methods: 12 young students (including six males and six females) were enrolled as our research subjects. And the values of oxygen consumption (VO(2)), carbon dioxide production (VCO(2)) and energy expenditures (EE) of the subjects under three typical activity intensities: resting, moderate intensity (on a treadmill with grade 10% and speed 2.7 km/h) and hard intensity (on a treadmill with grade 10% and speed 5.8 km/h) were measured using the pulmonary function equipment (K4b(2)) and Douglas-bag respectively. And the Douglas-bag method was used as reference and the results were compared with the other method., Results: The measured VO(2) values by using the Douglas-bag and the pulmonary function equipment under three typical activity intensities were: at rest (0.22 ± 0.03), (0.22 ± 0.05) L/min (t = 0.120, P > 0.05); moderate intensity condition (0.95 ± 0.12), (0.96 ± 0.14) L/min (t = 0.240, P > 0.05); hard intensity condition (1.63 ± 0.28), (1.54 ± 0.35) L/min (t = 1.487, P > 0.05). For VCO(2) values: at rest (0.18 ± 0.02), (0.18 ± 0.04) L/min (t = 0.425, P > 0.05); moderate intensity (0.82 ± 0.11), (0.83 ± 0.13) L/min (t = 0.579, P > 0.05); hard intensity (1.64 ± 0.27), (1.52 ± 0.39) L/min (t = 2.330, P < 0.05). And for EE values, at rest (269.40 ± 35.70), (267.02 ± 55.39) kJ/h (t = 0.200, P > 0.05); moderate intensity (1165.76 ± 148.06), (1185.91 ± 161.89) kJ/h (t = 0.326, P > 0.05); hard intensity (2062.91 ± 341.97), (1912.27 ± 483.88) kJ/h (t = 1.718, P > 0.05) respectively. The results showed that there were no significant differences between the two methods except the VCO(2) values under high intensity condition was underestimated by the pulmonary function equipment. Bland-Altman test showed that the difference of the two methods was evenly distributed by the mean and standard error of the system was 24.7 kJ/h. Our data showed the results from the Douglas-bag and the pulmonary function equipment were consistent., Conclusion: Pulmonary function equipment had good validity in assessing the energy expenditure in Chinese adults.

Objective: To study the chemical constituents in roots of Angelica tianmuensis and A. megaphylla., Methods: Compounds were isolated by column chromatography with silica gel, their structures were identified by spectral analysis., Results: Another three compounds (ligustilone, 5-methoxyhamaudol, cimifugin) were obtained from the roots of Angelica tianmuensis, and another two compounds (ligustilone, angelol) were obtained from the roots of A. megaphylla., Conclusion: All the compounds are isolated in these two plants for the first time, and ligustilone is first found from Angelica L..

Objective: To study the sensitivity of Jatropha curcas seeds from three different locations to (60)Co-gamma radiation and to determine the medial lethal doses (LD50) of (60)Co-gamma radiation for these seeds., Methods: Six different radiation doses (0, 100, 150, 200, 250 and 300 Gy) were used. Based on the germination rate 50%, LD50 doses of (60)Co-gamma radiation for the seeds were calculated using linear regression equation., Results: LD50 doses of (60)Co-gamma radiation for these seeds were 178 Gy (seeds from Guangdong), 132 Gy (seeds from Hainan) and 198 Gy (seeds from India) respectively. Increasing radiation doses caused more significant changes in leaf shape of the M1 seedlings., Conclusion: The results provides an important experimental basis for the radiation breeding of the important herbal and energy plant J. curcas.

Objective: To compare the oil contents and fatty acid composition among the samples of Jatropha curcas L. seeds collected from China (Guangdong, Hainan, and Guizhou Provinces) and India., Methods: Soxhlet extraction method and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) were employed to determine the oil contents of Jatropha seeds and the fatty acid composition of Jatropha oil., Results: The seed oil contents (dry basis) were 32.43% (Guangdong), 31.41% (Hainan), 37.56% (Guizhou) and 41.04% (India), respectively. Twelve different fatty acids were detected by GC-MS, and the content of total unsaturated fatty acids accounted for 80.93%, 79.53%, 77.24% and 78.22% of the total fatty acids in the samples collected from Guangdong, Hainan, Guizhou and India, respectively., Conclusion: There are differences in the oil contents and fatty acid composition among the J. curcas seeds collected from different regions, and attention should be given to these differences in the introduction and breeding of J. curcas.

Objective: To develop a new technique for efficient and rapid non-test tube cloning of the medicinal and energy- producing plant Jatropha curcas., Methods: Using the mini-stem fragment (2-3 cm) of Jatropha curcas with merely one axillary bud as the explant, the effect of an auxin IBA concentration on the plantlet regeneration was studied., Results and Conclusion: When treated with 1 mg/LIBA for 1h, the explants showed the most rapid propagation. The mini-stem fragments high root regeneration ratio (96.7%), short root regeneration period (18.2-/+2.0 d), large number of new roots per explant (6.3-/+1.8), and long total root length (6.8-/+3.5 cm), demonstrating that this technique can be a simple and efficient method for rapid non-test tube cloning of Jatropha curcas of potential industrial value.

Objective: To select the microorganism which can hydrolyze dioscin to diosgenin., Methods: The microorganism were selected from the surface of rhizome, rhizosphere soil, the inside of the leaves and rhizome of Dioscorea zingiberensis C. H. Wright. Diosgenin was identified by thin-layer chromatography and HPLC., Results: The microorganism which could hydrolyze dioscin from the experiment were identified as Aspergillus sp and Alternaria sp. Characteristics of enzymes production and fermentation technology of Aspergillus No. 1 were also studied primarily., Conclusion: The Aspergillus strain No. 1 can secret enzyme to hydrolyze dioscin into diosgenin effectively.

Objective: To isolate a homogeneous polysaccharide RP from RDP (a crude polysaccharide from Dioscorea opposita Thunb.) , and study its preliminary composition and structure., Methods: RP was obtained with water extraction, alcohol sedimentation, CTAB deprotein, cellulose column and SephadexG-100 column. The purities of RP were identified by SephadexG-200. PC analysis on its acidic hydrolysates was used to determine the sugar components. Sephadex chromatography was used to mensurate its molecular weight. IR was used to analysis RP., Results: RP was homogeneous. IR indicated that RP had beta configurations. The compositon was identified by paper chromatography as glucose, D-mannose, D-galactose., Conclusion: The research could provide a theoretical foundation for further development and utilization.

In order to explore better treatment process of oily sludge, the field scale experiments were conducted using the sludge containing 12.68% oil. The performance of microbe preparation bio-augmentation (MPB) and compost treatment with manure (CTM) was compared. For the first experiment, 10 L solution containing 150 g microbe preparations and the nutrition were sprayed onto the MPBC cell. The initial oil content of final mixture amounted to 12.12%. The initial oil content of CTM after final mixture approximated to 10.14%. During the experimental period, same quantities of the microbe preparation and nutrient solution were sprayed on MPB at the 15th and 30th day separately. At the same days, the 10 kg manure was added to CTM cell. The degradation effect of MPB was more obvious, oil content dropped to 6.42% with a 47% removal rate of oil. The oil content in control decreased slightly to 10.15% after 56 days, while in CTM it fell down to 6.98% with a total removal rate of 31%. The pH in control fluctuated slightly between 8.28 to 7.93 while that in MPB, from 7.33 to 8.08, which might due to the addition of microbe preparation. The microbial count was analyzed weekly, which represented the adaptation ability of microbe in sludge. Temperature of compost increased rapidly up to 54 degrees C in the presence of manure. The differences of two kinds of methods were identified by GC-MS and the hydrocarbons with less 21 carbons were degraded easily.

Objective: To investigate the chemical constituents from the aerial parts of Breynia fruticosa., Method: Various chromatographic techniques were employed for isolation and purification of the constituents. The structures were elucidated by chemical evidence and spectral methods., Result: Seven compounds were obtained and identified by spectroscopic methods and compared with authentic samples as aviculin [(+)-isolariciresinol-9'-rhamno-pyranoside], friedelan-3beta-ol, friedelin, arborinone, isoarborinol, 5-hydroxy-7,8,4'-trimethoxy flavone, 2,4-dihydroxy-6-methoxy-3-methyl-acetophenone., Conclusion: All compounds were firstly isolated from B. genus, furthermore, aviculin was isolated from Euphorbiaceae for the first time.

Objective: To investigate the effects of excessive intake of fluoride on the expression of type II collagen gene and types and morphological change of collagen fiber in the bone tissues of rats., Methods: A rat model with fluorosis was established by adding 221 mg/L of sodium fluoride (NaF) to drinking water for the rats for 15 days, 30 days and two months, respectively. Type II collagen alpha1 (II) cDNA probe was prepared, and cDNA-mRNA in-situ hybridization was employed to detect change in expression of type II collagen mRNA in the bone tissues of rats with excessive intake of fluoride (221 mg/L NaF). Picrosirius-polarization method was used to observe types of collagen and morphology of collagen fiber in the bone tissues., Results: Chondroblasts were found in the femur and other bone tissues of the rats after exposure to fluoride. cDNA-mRNA in-situ hybridization showed that expression of type II collagen gene could be observed in the cytoplasm of chondrocytic lacuna and chondrified bone tissues. mRNA in collagen of chondrocytes of the rib cartilage reached the peak level 15 days after exposure to fluoride, and decreased gradually one month and two months after exposure. Polychromatic type II collagen, breakage of collagen fiber, disorder array and reduced content of type II collagen could be found in the bone tissues with picrosirius-polarization method., Conclusions: Excessive intake of fluoride could lead to changes in types and structure of collagen (cross-linkage) of bone tissues, which caused expression of type II collagen gene in the chondrified bone tissues and enhanced its expression in the rib cartilage tissues.

Objective: To evaluate the quality of voice restored by using a tracheoesophageal slit-like fistula objectively through acoustic analysis., Methods: Seven objective voice parameters (fundamental frequency, intensity, duration, formant F1, F2, F3 and their energy, jitter, and shimmer) of esophageal speech, Blom-Singer prosthesis voice, tracheoesophageal slit-like fistula voice, primary or modified surgical restored, and normal voice were analyzed and compared., Results: T test was used for statistical analysis. The maximum phonation time of slit-like fistula voice was shorter than that of normal voice, longer than that of esophageal voice, no significant difference compared with that of Blom-Singer prosthesis voice. Its sound intensity of it was similar to that of normal voice and Blom-Singer voice, better than that of esophageal voice. Its fundamental frequency was lower than that of normal voice. Its shimmer and jitter was more than that of normal voice, less than that of esophageal voice, and similar to that of Blom-singer one. Compared with esophageal voice, all formants but F1 of it were not statistically different. No statistical difference between the 2 groups of slit-like fistula patients, i.e., the instant slit-like fistula construction after total laryngectomy and the second stage slit-like fistula construction., Conclusion: The voice quality of the patients with tracheoesophageal slit-like fistula is similar to that of the normal and could meet the needs of daily life.