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For studying the stress corrosion susceptibility of high manganese austenitic cryogenic steel HM400 in liquid ammonia medium, the slow strain rate test (SSRT) was used to investigate the stress corrosion susceptibility of high manganese austenitic cryogenic steel HM400 in four media: pure liquid ammonia (NH3), air+liquid ammonia (NH3+Air), 0.1 mg/L H2O+pure liquid ammonia (NH3+0.1 mg/L H2O) and air (Air) at room temperature. The fracture micro morphology, crack morphology, change of microstructure and mechanical properties of the samples before and after tests were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), optical microscope (OM), X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and hardness tester. Results showed that strain strengthening occurred in high manganese austenitic cryogenic steel HM400 during tensile deformation. Moreover, HM400 steel possessed poor stress corrosion resistance in liquid ammonia medium, and hence it was not suitable as high parameterization and lightweight materials of liquid ammonia storage and transportation containers.

The evolution of fermentation technology was outlined, offering a comprehensive overview using the skincare industry as a case study/illustrative model. With the integration of various scientific disciplines and the application of emerging technologies, it discusses the diverse purposes, developmental phases, techniques, and prototypical fermentation products presented in various historical contests. Fermentation can be categorized into five stages: traditional fermentation, engineered development, microbiological applications, synthetic biology, and intelligent fermentation. Furthermore, the characteristics, advantages, and effectiveness of fifth-generation fermentation technology were exphasized. Using HiMurchaSin® as an example, how fifth-generation fermentation technology employs a mechanistic exploration guided by 'constituents-efficacy-targets-mechanisms,' to achieve a multi-target anti-aging effect on the skin was explained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cinnamomum camphora pigment is made from Cinnamomum camphora leaves and the pericarp in the extraction of red pigment, green pigment and its derivatives, with the activities of antioxidant, antibacterial, fall blood sugar, health care function, etc..It is a kind of natural pigments which is abundant, colour diversity, non-toxic, high stability. It has great application potential and value in the fields of food, textile, pharmaceutical and beverage. In order to further study, better develop and utilize Cinnamomum camphora pigment, the research at home and abroad of Cinnamomum camphora pigment in chemical structure, physical and chemical composition, extraction method, purification and separation, functional activity and application were reviewed in recent years, and the future research direction and application prospect of this pigment were prospected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to improve the anti-noise performance of speech communication system in industrial field, a speech de-noise algorithm based on adaptive filtering was proposed. The algorithm improved the recursive logarithmic least mean pth algorithm, and constructed a positive definite matrix by quasi Newton method for speech de-noise. STM32F429 was taken as the control core to design the hardware of dual channel speech noise reduction system, and the adaptive filtering algorithm processing software was compiled. The experimental verification was carried out. The results show that the proposed algorithm has faster convergence speed and smaller steady-state error than these of RLLMP algorithm and RLS algorithm, which is suitable for the colored noise signal described by a stable distribution. Under the experimental conditions, the signal-noise ratio(SNR) of the de-noise speech signal received is increased by 10 dB and the speech intelligibility is increased by 0.3 on average compared with that of the noise speech signal. It illustrates that this algorithm can effectively reduce the mixed colored noise signal in speech signal and improve the quality of speech signal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The numerical simulations of non-Fourier heat conduction in the semi-infinite body and thin film subjected to various laser heat sources were conducted by using time-discontinuous Galerkin finite element method (FEM). The main feature of this method is that cubic Hermite interpolation and linear interpolation for both temperature and its time-derivative are adopted in the time domain, respectively. The simulated results of heat conduction in semi-infinite body problem are well consistent with analytical results. The simulated results indicate that time-discontinuous Galerkin FEM demonstrates the good performance in high frequency laser action problem, in eliminating spurious numerical oscillations and in providing more applications in industrial engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fast calculation of the refrigerant thermodynamic properties is a fundamental element for the refrigerant system simulation. A dimensionless implicit curve- fitting method for two-phase properties of R407C was developed by introducing four dimensionless parameters. By comparing with the software REFPROP 6.0 developed by National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA (NIST), the result shows the computation speed of present method is 1 000~6 000 times faster than that of NIST. Meanwhile, the maximum relative error is within 1.3%, and the mean relative error is within 1.1%. So the present method meets the requirements of the refrigerant system simulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The anchorage performances and affecting factors of resin holts were studied by the combination method of theoretical analysis, laboratory tests, numerical modeling and field measurement. The stress distribution along bolts in pullout and fully anchored states was theoretically analyzed; the pullout tests of holts with different profiles and anchored in boreholes with various diameter were carried out in laboratory, and the affecting degree of bolt profiles and diameter difference between holts and boreholes to the bolt pullout force was obtained; the pullout force of bolts anchored in simulated boreholes with different temperature and water dripping content was measured, and the relations between pullout force and temperature, water dripping content were got. By means of FLAC3D,the shear stresses in resin and surrounding rock along bolts with different profiles, resin annulus thickness, egocentricity, and anchored in rocks of different strength were calculated, the affecting of these factors to shear stress distribution was analyzed, and stress distribution features were obtained. The soft rock anchorage test was carried out in underground, in the Fengshui-gou Coal Mine, the Pingzhuang coal mining district, and the pullout loads of bolts and cables in soft rock with different water content were measured. Finally, the suggestions for improving resin abchorage performances and enhancing anchorage force were put forward. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Obstructive azoospermia is a kind of common clinical disease, which often happens in epididymis, vas deferens and ejaculatory duct obstruction and accounts for male infertility. Azoospermia, which is caused by obstruction of the ejaculatory duct, is relatively rare. but the development of endoscopic technology now allows the disease to be resolved by surgery. In the past, transurethral resection of ejaculatory duct (TURED) has been used to treat patients with ejaculatory duct obstruction and azoosperm-free disease. But with the further study of TURED operation in recent years, as well as in patients with postoperative follow-up results showed that the urine - tube reflux and retrograde ejaculation ejaculation the incidence of iatrogenic injury is higherduring the TURED.therefore, in recent years, some experts committed to seeking a less damage and better effect of the surgical method. With the continuous development of endoscopic technology, seminal vesiculoscopy has come into being, which also creates conditions for further understanding the structure and function of the seminal vesicle and distal seminal duct, accurate diagnosis and minimally invasive treatment of the currently discovered diseases. In this article, we summarized the semen abnormalities associated with seminal vesiculoscopy in the treatment of ejaculatory duct obstruction, and also reviewed the surgical methods, clinical application and research progress of seminal vesiculoscopy.

With the increasing awareness of men's health, more and more clinical studies are reported on the relationship of testicular microlithiasis (TM) with male infertility. TM is a relatively rare disease characterized by multiple microcalcifications (<3 mm) in the seminiferous tubules of the testis. This review summarizes the findings in the studies of the diagnosis, epidemiology, correlation with male fertility, treatment, and follow-up of TM in recent years. Many researches show that TM has a certain correlation with the decline of male fertility, which, however, is not identically agreed on at home and abroad. As for the treatment of TM complicated with male infertility, there is still a lack of effective and reliable drugs and strategies and a need for many basic and clinical studies.

With the continuous improvement of living conditions, increasing attention is being drawn to the genitourinary health of males, which has boomed the development of uroandrology in recent years. Refractory hemospermia, infertility, and perineal pain are commonly seen in some male patients, and mainly relied on medical imaging for diagnosis in the past, which, however, has a high pseudopositive rate and cannot give an etiological explanation. Patients with these diseases often adopt conservative treatments such as medication and physiotherapy, often with poor prognosis, and those suffering frequent recurrence used to be treated by transurethral resection, laparoscopic surgery or open surgery, which are now rarely employed due to their high rate of postoperative complications, slow recovery, and easy recurrence. In recent years, transurethral seminal vesiculoscopy has gained a wide application in the diagnosis and treatment of the above-mentioned uroandrological diseases and shown its advantages of high clinical effectiveness and low incidence of complications. The review updates on the indications, methods, skills and clinical application of transurethral seminal vesiculoscopy.

The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) broke out in December 2019 and has been rapidly escalating throughout the world. Clinical findings show that the patients with either symptomatic or asymptomatic COVID-19 can be a potential source of infection. Although respiratory droplets and close contact are considered to be the main routes of transmission, there is the possibility of aerosol transmission in a relatively closed environment. The nucleic acid of the novel coronavirus can be detected in nasopharyngeal swabs, sputum and other lower respiratory tract secretions, blood, feces, urine and so on, but whether it exists in the semen has not been confirmed. It is reported that the novel coronavirus may affect the testis that highly expresses angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and theoretically the semen is a possible carrier of the virus considering the fact that it is discharged from the same channel as the urine. Andrology laboratorians are exposed to most of the specimens above, including semen, and some open operations in the laboratory increase the risk of aerosol generation. Therefore, corresponding protective procedures are necessitated in andrology laboratories to reduce the risk of infection during the outbreak of COVID-19. Based on the knowledge and experience available as regards the pandemic and the characteristics of the work in the andrology laboratory, we summarize some biosafety points for andrology laboratorians to attend to during the outbreak of COVID-19.

Objective: To investigate the status quo of the diagnosis and treatment of male urethritis (MU) in urology and andrology., Methods: According to The Guidelines for Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment of Sexually Transmitted Diseases (2017), we designed 27 questions on the prevalence, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of MU. Using these questions, we conducted a questionnaire investigation among urological, andrological and other relevant clinicians with different professional titles, followed by an analysis of the compliance of the doctors to the Guidelines., Results: Totally, 116 valid questionnaires were collected from 86 urological, 28 andrological and 2 other relevant doctors, including 22 professors, 36 associate professors, 40 attending doctors and 16 resident doctors. MU was found mostly in those aged 20－40 years and more than half of the patients had a history of unclean sex, gonococcal urethritis significantly less prevalent than non-gonococcal, with Ureaplasma urealyticum as the most common pathogen of non-gonococcal urethritis. As for the compliance to the Guidelines in the diagnosis of MU, 22.73% of the professors, 16.67% of the associate professors, 15.00% of the attending doctors and 12.50% of the resident doctors examined the eyes, mouth and perianus (P > 0.05), 40.91% of the professors, 58.33% of the associate professors, 40.00% of the attending doctors and 37.50% of the resident doctors conducted HIV and syphilis screening (P > 0.05), and 86.36% of the professors, 77.78% of the associate professors, 70.00% of the attending doctors and 75.00% of the resident doctors performed genital mycoplasma screening (P > 0.05). Concerning the treatment of MU, 50.00% of the professors, 47.22% of the associate professors, 22.50% of the attending doctors and 43.75% of the resident doctors used anti-Chlamydia trachomatis drugs for gonococcal urethritis (P > 0.05), 0.00% of the professors, 11.11% of the associate professors, 5.00% of the attending doctors and 31.25% of the resident doctors prescribed 1g single-dose oral azithromycin for non-gonococcal urethritis (P < 0.05), 13.64% of the professors, 33.33% of the associate professors, 17.50% of the attending doctors and 6.25% of the resident doctors medicated persistent or recurrent non-gonococcal urethritis for >4 weeks (P > 0.05), 63.64% of the professors, 83.33% of the associate professors, 57.50% of the attending doctors and 62.50% of the resident doctors treated asymptomatic trachomatis and mycoplasma infections according to the proposed medication in the Guidelines (P > 0.05). As regards the results of treatment, the cure rate of gonococcal urethritis was 100.00% by professors, 97.22% by associate professors, 95.00% by attending doctors and 81.25% by resident doctors (P > 0.05), and that of non-gonococcal urethritis was 86.36% by professors, 61.11% by associate professors, 62.50% by attending doctors and 37.50% by resident doctors (P < 0.05)., Conclusions: Urological and andrological clinicians do not strictly follow the Guidelines in the diagnosis and treatment of male urethritis. There are significant differences in the dosing of azithromycin and results of treatment of non-gonococcal urethritis among doctors with different professional titles, but not in the other aspects.

Objective: To determine the effects of Jiji decoction (Traditional Chinese Medicine) on the cognitive function and oxidative stress in mice with vascular dementia (VD) induced by cerebral ischemia/reperfusion., Methods: Thirty-two mice were randomly divided into nonnal group (n = 8), sham group (operation, but no cerebral ischemia/reperfusi6n, n = 8), model group (vascular dementia model induced by cerebral ischemia/reperfusion, n = 8), and Jiji decoction-treated group (vascular dementia model plus treatment with Jiji decoction, n = 8). Fourteen days of treatment after operation, the cognitive behavior was measured in step-through test, spatial probe test and platform test. Afterwards, to assess the levels of oxidative stress, the activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD) and content of malonaldehyde (MDA) in brain of these mice were measured., Results: Data from step-through test indicated that the escaping latency of Jiji decoction-treated group was prolonged and the error counts were decreased significantly ( P <0.01) compared with those of model group. Data from spatial probe test indicated that the time of entering darkroom, the time of climbing height and the time of entering bright room in Jiji decoction-treated group were shortened and the counts of climbing height were increased (P < 0.05-0.01) significantly compared with those of model group. Data from platform test showed that the escaping latency of Jiji decoction-treated group was prolonged significantly (P < 0.01) compared with that of model group. Compared with normal and sham group, the activity of SOD was decreased and the content of MDA was increased in model group significantly (P < 0.01). Compared with those of model group, the levels of SOD and MDA in Jiji decoction-treated group were improved significantly (P < 0.01)., Conclusion: Jiji decoction could improve cognitive function of VD mice. Its mechanism might be related with the inhibition of oxidative stiess in the brain.

WRKY transcription factor is one of the Zinc finger proteins which contains a highly conserved WRKY domain and is a family of the plant-specific transcription factor. The plasmid pET28a-SmWRKY1 harboring Salvia miltiorrhiza WRKY1 (SmWRKY1) gene was successfully transformed and expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). The conditions on protein expression of SmWRKY1 in E. coli, including induction duration, temperature, IPTG concentration and the E. coli concentration were optimized. The results showed that the highest protein expression of SmWRKY1 was obtained at 24 hours after the E. coli was cultured in the presence of 0.2 mol x L(-1) IPTG at 20 degrees C with A600 values of 1.0-1.5. This recombinant histidine-tagged protein was expressed at 2.454 g x L(-1) as inclusion body, which was first extracted using urea, and then purified by Ni2+ affinity chromatography and identified by SDS-PAGE. The expression of SmWRKY1 in E. coli was further confirmed by western blotting analysis.

Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) is an important molecular marker in traditional Chinese medicine research, and it is widely used in TCM authentication. The present study created a new genotyping method by combining restriction endonuclease digesting with melting curve analysis, which is a stable, rapid and easy doing SNP genotyping method. The new method analyzed SNP genotyping of two chloroplast SNP which was located in or out of the endonuclease recognition site, the results showed that when attaching a 14 bp GC-clamp (cggcgggagggcgg) to 5' end of the primer and selecting suited endonuclease to digest the amplification products, the melting curve of Lonicera japonica and Atractylodes macrocephala were all of double peaks and the adulterants Shan-yin-hua and A. lancea were of single peaks. The results indicated that the method had good stability and reproducibility for identifying authentic medicines from its adulterants. It is a potential SNP genotyping method and named restriction endonuclease digest - melting curve analysis.

By reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), an open reading frame of pathogenesis-related protein 1 (PR1) was isolated from Panax notoginseng and named as PnPR1. Molecular and bioinformatic analyses of PnPR1 revealed that an open reading frame of 501 bp was predicted to encode a 166-amino acid protein with a deduced molecular mass of 18.1 kD. Homology analysis showed that the deduced amino acid sequence of PR1 protein of Panax notoginseng had a high similarity with other higher plants had the same conservative structure domain of cysteine-rich secretory protein (CAP). The recombinant expressed plasmid pET28a(+)-PnPR1 was expressed in Escherichia coli BL21. The expression conditions were optimized by induction at different times, different temperatures, different IPTG concentrations and different giving times. The optimum expression condition was 0.4 mmol.L-1 IPTG at 28 degrees C for 20 h. The successful expression of PnPR1 provides some basis for protein purification and preparation of the monoclonal antibody.

Objective: To investigate the relationship between both polymorphisms of interleukin-10 (IL-10), smoking and the susceptibility to bladder cancer., Methods: A case-control study was conducted to study the promoter polymorphisms of IL-10 gene by allele specific PCR amplification (AS-PCR) and to explore the possible genetic and environmental factors on bladder cancer, based on data from a hospital which included 400 patients with bladder cancer and another 400 healthy controls., Results: The genotypes of IL-10 gene might be associated with the susceptibility to bladder cancer. Homozygous mutant of IL-10 gene at the point of 1082, 819 and 592 could enhance the risk of bladder cancer (OR value is 2.058, 1.979, 1.979, respectively). No statistically significant correlation was found between the divergence of IL-10 genotype and the different clinical stages and pathological grade of bladder cancer (P > 0.05). Interactions were noticed between polymorphisms in IL-10 gene and their correlation with smoking on bladder cancer. The positive interaction of 1082 site homozygous variant (AA), 819 site homozygous variant (TT), 592 site homozygous variant (AA) and smoking were revealed in the occurrence rates of bladder cancer (OR = 2.264, γ = 10.213; OR = 2.438, γ = 6.750; OR = 2.438, γ = 6.750)., Conclusion: Our research findings showed that the significant interactions between IL-10 gene with homozygous mutant and smoking might increase the risk of bladder cancer.

Objective: To explore the effect of neo-adjuvant chemotherapy and computer-assisted surgery on children and adolescents with primary pelvic Ewing's sarcoma, and assess the therapeutic effect on the pelvic skeletal growth and development., Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of 10 children with primary pelvic Ewing's sarcoma treated between Jan 2001 and Oct 2010 at the Department of Oncologic Orthopaedics at Xijing Hospital. There were 3 girls and 7 boys in the age of 7 to 16 years (average 12.7 years). All patients were pathologically diagnosed as Ewing's sarcoma. There were two cases in the sacroiliac joint, one in the ilium, one in the pubic bone, and 6 cases in peri-acetabular area including 5 below the triradiate cartilage and one above the triradiate cartilage, without cartilage invasion. All patients underwent neo-adjuvant chemotherapy, resection and reconstruction surgery and postoperative chemotherapy. CDP, ADM and IFO regimen chemotherapy were given as the main treatment. Five cases were treated by traditional resection and reconstruction, and after 2008, five cases were treated by computer-assisted surgery. During the reconstruction, the hip rotation center was put at a depressed location. All of the 10 cases underwent postoperative radiotherapy in a dose of 45-55 Gy., Results: All patients were followed-up for 12-72 months (mean: 37.8 months). One child had tumor recurrence and lung metastasis and 9 patients had no evidence of disease (NED). After neo-adjuvant chemotherapy, the oncologic statuses (RECIST) were: 1 CR, 8 PR and 1 SD. The functional recoveries after surgery (Enneking's) were: 4 cases excellent, 4 good, 1 fair and 1 poor. Five cases who underwent computer-assisted surgery achieved a good reconstruction without local recurrence. There were no effects on skeletal growth in 8 cases. An unbalanced hip rotational center occurred in one case, and a compemsatory scoliosis was found in another case. There were no serious complications in all patients., Conclusions: The comprehensive treatment including neo-adjuvant chemotherapy, resection-reconstruction surgery and postoperative chemoradiotherapy may give a good control to primary pelvic Ewing's sarcomas in children and adolescents. The computer-assisted surgery used for accurate tumor resection and pelvic reconstruction is a good alternative when treating young patients with malignant pelvic tumors. The triradiate cartilage in children's acetabulum could be a natural barrier resistant to the invasion of Ewing's sarcomas.

A FatB unigene was obtained from the transcriptome dataset of Lonicera japonica Thunb. Full-length FatB cDNA was cloned from buds of Lonicera japonica Thunb., Lonicera japonica Thunb. var. chinensis (Wats.) Bak., Lonicera hypoglauca Miq. and Lonicera dasystyla Rehd. using RT-PCR technology, and named as LJFatB, LHFatB, LJCFatB and LDFatB. The results of bioinformatic analysis showed that LJFatB, LJCFatB, LHFatB and LDFatB and Arabidopsis thaliana AtFatB had a closely relationship. Nucleotide sequences and protein secondary structure of LJFatB, LJCFatB, LHFatB and LDFatB are different and their proteins had conserved FatB substrate binding sites and catalytic activity sites. Transcriptive level of LJFatB, LJCFatB, LHFatB and LDFatB in bud was not significantly different. Therefore, LJFatB, LJCFatB, LHFatB and LDFatB could have the same biological function as AtFatB.

Objective: To evaluate the clinical effect of mandibular osteomuscular flap pedicled with temporalis to repair maxillary defect., Methods: From March 2008 to May 2010, ten cases of maxillary defects resulted from malignant tumor resection were treated with mandibular osteomuscular flap pedicled with temporalis. Ten cases of malignant tumor included six cases of Squamous cell carcinoma,one case of duct carcinoma, osteosarcoma, chondrosarcoma and malignant melanoma. One case was repaired by mandibular osteomuscular flap only, nine cases were repaired by mandibular osteomuscular flaps combined with other soft tissue flaps., Results: All the 10 mandibular osteomuscular flaps survived completely with no complication. The patients were followed up for 12 to 36 months, with an average of 18 months. Satisfactory appearance and complete functional restoration were achieved except for one case of chondrosarcoma recurrence., Conclusions: The mandibular osteomuscular flap pedicled with temporalis is safe and easily performed with less complication. It is an ideal method for repairing the maxillary defect.

Objective: To analyze the histopathology of, surgery for, and prognosis (survival rate, local recurrence rate, metastases rate, function) of epithelioid angiosarcoma (EA)., Methods: Seven patients diagnosed as EA were received treatment in our department from May 2001 to May 2011. According Enneking staging, 3 patients were classified as IIA, 3 for IIB, and 1 for III. Wide excision was performed in 3 patients and amputation in 4 patients. Seven patients were followed up from 3 to 20 months., Results: One patient had local recurrence 3 months after wide excision. Five patients had metastases at 4 to 20 months postoperatively. The cumulative survival rate at 0.5, 1 and 2 years postoperatively were 67%, 22% and 0. The function of 3 patients after limb salvage operation was good in 2 cases and poor in 1 case. The tumor site, surgical staging, and safe margin were crucial factors affecting survival rate., Conclusions: The prognosis of EA in deep soft tissue was poor. Customized, multimodality treatment and safe margin in operation may increase the survival rate as well as decrease recurrence and metastasis.

Objective: To reveal the effects of ecological factors on geo-herbalism,by researching the correlation between yields or qualities of Curcuma wenyujin and ecological factors., Methods: All measured dates were divided into three components, meteorological factors, soil conditions, the yields and qualities of geo-herbals, and analyzed through canonical correlation using SPSS software., Results: The results showed that there were two canonical correlation models to explain correlation between meteorological factors and yields or qualities of medicinal materials, as well as soil conditions and yields or qualities, and both of canonical correlations reached the significant or extremely significant level. The analysis indicated that main ecological factors affecting the yields or qualities of medicinal materials were average temperature from May to June,the days of high temperature (over 35 degrees C) and average rainfall from August to October, annual average rainfall, altitude, available potassium content in soil., Conclusions: This study has tentatively made clear which ecological factors to affect the yields and qualities of Curcuma wenyujin; and provided some basis for revealing geo-herbalism of Curcuma wenyujin.

Objective: This stdudy was to determine the suitable area for Curcuma wenyujin in Wenzhou, and expand its growing region, based the growth characteristic of Curcuma wenyujin., Methods: The 13 main factors including climate, soil and other environmental conditions were selected. The best genuine production area was regarded as the goal area in similar calculation. The grid data was calculated from the station and sampling sites by Inverse Distance Interpolation on GIS. After normolizing to the grid data, the dimension effect was removed. on this basis, calculating the absolute distance of every cell to the the goal cell. Wenzhou region was divided into best suitable area, suitable area, second suitable area and unsuitable area by clustering analyzing., Result: Most of area in Wenzhou are suit for Curcuma wenyujin, best suitable area, suitable area, second suitable area and unsuitable area reach 98% area of Wenzhou., Conclusion: This result give important reference value of Curcuma wenyujin breeding in Wenzhou.

Objective: The DNA fingerprints of Curcuma wenyujin from various habitats were generated by using SRAP markers to find the feasibility in analyzing their relationship., Methods: The DNA polymorphism of Curcuma wenyujin from various habitats were detected by SRAP molecular markers., Results: We had screened five pairs of primer combinations, and built the DNA fingerprints of Curcuma wenyujin from various habitats. The phylogenetic clustering results revealed that the genetic difference in Curcuma wenyujin from various habitats were little., Conclusion: SRAP markers may offer some evidence for protecting and exploiting of Curcuma wenyuji.

Unlabelled: OBJECTIVE; To observe the plasma concentration change of endothelin-1 (ET-1) and the histomorphological changes in penile cavernous body after administrating a continuous low dose of tadalafil into spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR)., Methods: Forty SHR rats were randomly divided into four groups of blank group, placebo group, continuous low-dose group and intermittent dose group with 10 rats in each. The animals were administrated with different doses of tadalafil via an intragastric route. To observe the plasma concentration change of ET-1 and cellular morphological changes of penile cavernous tissue in SHR after four weeks, the immunohistochemical method of SABC was employed to detect the expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) in penile corpora cavernous of different groups., Results: The plasma levels of ET-1 were lower in continuous low dose group (12.0 +/- 1.6) and intermittent dose group (14.3 +/- 1.7) as compared with the blank (18.0 +/- 1.9) and placebo groups (17.6 +/- 2.2) (all P < 0.01). And there was significant difference between the continuous low dose and intermittent dose groups (P < 0.05). The A-value level of absorbance in alpha-SMA were significantly different with the blank (0.53 +/- 0.03) and placebo groups (0.52 +/- 0.05) (P > 0.05) and it was lower in the continuous low dose group (0.29 +/- 0.03) than the intermittent dose group (0.38 +/- 0.03) (P < 0.05). It can be observed microscopically that in blank group and placebo group: endothelial cell and vascular smooth muscle cells of penile cavernous tissue in SHR had a disorderly distribution. The disrupted continuity and integrity of endothelial cell were also found. And they improved in continuous low dose group and intermittent dose group, especially the former; it can be viewed under TEM that the endothelial cells of penile cavernous tissue in SHR had mostly reverted to normal condition in the continuous low dose group and its ultra-structure indicated that the tissue morphology improved., Conclusion: A continuous low dose of tadalafil can improve the function and structure of vascular endothelium in penile cavernous body. Thus it provides rationales for a continuous low dose of PDE5 inhibitor in the treatment of erectile dysfunction.

Objective: Through analyze of shape, structure and content of effective components of Cistanche deserticola, the variation of "you cong rong" is discussed., Method: The color surface, texture, the size of pith and the arrange of vascular bundle was observed with freshed, dried drugs and the transverse section, the effective component of echinacoside and acteoside was analyzed with hplc and the amylose was analyzed with ultraviolet spectrophotometry., Result: The variation of "you cong rong" is obvious different with the common drug in shape and structure, the content of echinacoside is 2.5 times, acteoside is 3.8 times, amylose yield is 1.6 times and the content is 2 times of the common drugs., Conclusion: "you cong rong" is an independent variation pattern of C. deserticola, it has no relationship with the ecological and geographical conditions.

Objective: To study the germination property of the seeds of Achyranthes bidentata from different producing area, providing foundation for choosing the better seed resources., Method: The germination rate, germination energy, germination index, vigor and the characteristics of the seeds of A. bidentata from different producing area were compared, and the relative electric conductivity was measured. The characteristics of the seed were recorded through the Anymicro DSS YT-5M microscope digital camera, and the differences were analyzed., Result: Seed from Henan Boai and Hebei Anguo showed the better germination rate, germination energy, germination index and vigor., Conclusion: The seeds from both Henan Boai and Hebei Anguo showed the better quality.

Objective: According to the study on effects of cultivating density and seed stock on the yield and volatile oil, to provide a scientific basis for standardized cultivating measures., Methods: The yield and the content of volatile oil at harvest were counted and analyzed the variance by SPSS., Results: The effect of cultivating density on the yields from 3 different medicinal parts of medical material was significant. The effect of seed stock on the yield of Rhizoma wenyujin concisa and Rhizoma wenyujin curcumae was significant, but to the yield of Radix wenyujin curcumae was very little. The mutual effect between cultivating density and seed stock was also very little., Conclusion: The cultivating density play an important role in the yields of Curcuma wenyujin.

Objective: To define the genetic relationship and other genetic characters of different varieties of Rehmannia glutinosa., Method: RAPD reactions were conducted on total 54 samples from 16 varieties and 2 populations of R. glutinosa. The data were analyzed by Phylips, Popgene and Arlequin software., Result: The majority rule consensus tree defined the 54 samples to 3 groups. Population genetics analysis and AMOVA showed that the genetic diversity among varieties/populations much greater than that within varieties/populations, but within group II the genetic diversity among varieties was similar to that within varieties., Conclusion: Due to the long-time asexual propagation of R. glutinosa, some genetic differentiation has been accumulated and fixed within the species. It was shown that the genetic distance between wild population and cultivated varieties was greater than the genetic distance among cultivated varieties. The wild resource of the plant should be paid more attention and studies.

Objective: To study on characteristics and application of key acupoints in Elongated Needle Therapy., Methods: Probe into method of determining key acupoints and their clinical application from characteristics of channels, characteristics of acupoints, position of diseases, pathogenesis, syndromes and other aspects., Conclusion: Establishment of the theory of key acupoints of enlongated needle therapy reflects the principle of "fewer but better" in acupoint selection of enlongated needle therapy, which can reduce pain of the patient and increase the therapeutic

Objective: To study the effects of sodium selenite on expression of telomerase reverse transcriptase mRNA, c-Myc and p53 induced by cadmium chloride in rat liver., Methods: Male SD rats were divided randomly into 6 groups, each group had 5 animals. The groups comprised the control group, Se group (5 micromol/kg sodium selenite), 5 micromol/kg cadmium chloride group, 10 micromol/kg cadmium chloride group, Se (5 micromol/kg sodium selenite) + 5 micromol/kg cadmium chloride group, Se (5 micromol/kg sodium selenite) + 10 micromol/kg cadmium chloride group. After 48 hours of the first injection, the expression of TERT mRNA was measured with RT-PCR and c-Myc, and p53 proteins were measured by immunohistochemistry method., Results: Compared with control group, the expression of TERT was increased in 5 micromol/kg Cd group and 10 micromol/kg Cd group, c-Myc protein was increased in 10 micromol/kg Cd group, and the expression of p53 protein was increased in 5 micromol/kg group and 10 micromol/kg Cd group. TERT expression in Se + 10 micromol/kg Cd group was lower than that of 10 micromol/kg Cd group significantly. c-Myc protein was decreased in Se + 10 micromol/kg Cd group compared with 10 micromol/kg Cd group. p53 protein of Se + 5 micromol/kg Cd group and Se + 10 micromol/kg Cd group were decreased significantly compared with 5 micromol/kg Cd group and 10 micromol/kg Cd group respectively., Conclusion: The cadmium at the doses of between 5 and 10 micromol/kg can activate TERT and up-regulate c-Myc and p53 proteins. The selenium at the dose of 5 micromol/kg has the antagonistic effect on expression of TERT, c-Myc and p53 induced by cadmium in rat liver.

Objective: To investigate the changes and variation of serum antisperm antibodies (AsAb) from the men who received vasovasostomy 2 years after one of three methods of male sterilization, and evaluate the relationship between serum AsAb and pregnancy rate., Methods: Sperm reappearance, serum AsAb and pregnancy rate were investigated in 88 subjects who underwent reversal operation 2 years after one of three methods of male sterilization at 3, 6, 12 and 24 months post vasovasostomy., Results: There was no significant difference in positive rate of AsAb among groups of vasovasostomized men post one of three methods of sterilization, and between groups before and post vasovasostomy and between groups with and without sperm reappearance, respectively. The positive rate, intensity (percentage of motile sperm coated with beads) and type of serum AsAb had no influences on pregnancy. No significant difference was observed in positive rate of AsAb between pregnant group and non-pregnant group. The pregnancy rate of the group in which sperm concentration was more than 20 x 10(6)/ml was apparently higher than that of the group in which sperm concentration was less than 20 x 10(6)/ml., Conclusion: The serum AsAb and their positive rate can not be eliminated or decreased by vasovasostomy post male sterilization. The serum AsAb has no influence on pregnancy. There is a close relationship between sperm quality and pregnancy post vasovasostomy.