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Biosafety of pathogenic microbiology laboratories generally highlights the use of protective equipment, procedures, and operating practices to protect personnel and the environment from potentially hazardous biological materials. Under the current complex situation where traditional and non-traditional biosafety issues coexist, laboratory-acquired infection (LAI) of pathogenic microorganisms may cause illness, disability and even death. Pathogenic microorganisms may also be carried to the surrounding environment, causing community infection, which should be taken seriously. Analysis of LAI cases helps to understand the causes of exposure and learn lessons from post-exposure prophylaxis to be prepared and even prevent problems before they happen. Human factors cause most LAIs, laboratory activities related to aerosolization, laboratory activities related to sharps materials, low ability of personnel performing the work, and deficiencies in laboratory facilities or management are the four main factors. This study focuses on the human factors that lead to LAI, combined with confirmed cases, discusses the biosafety risks of pathogenic microorganism laboratories, reviews the development and evolution of biosafety laboratories and the current protection measures for experimenters, and accordingly puts forward countermeasures and suggestions.

Objective: To analyze density of stromal tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (sTIL) and expression of lymphocyte-activation gene-3 (LAG-3) protein in advanced gastric adenocarcinomas, and to investigate the correlation of sTIL and LAG-3 with the prognosis in patients with advanced gastric adenocarcinoma. Methods: The clinicopathological characteristics and follow-up data of 260 patients with advanced gastric adenocarcinoma were collected at Fujian Cancer Hospital, from January 2011 to December 2014. The percentage of sTILs was reported semi-quantitatively using histological section evaluation, the LAG-3 protein was detected using immunohistochemistry, and the expression was correlated with the clinicopathological features and patient outcomes. Results: Among the 260 cases, high density of sTIL was detected in 173 cases (66.5%) while LAG-3 high expression was observed in 160 cases (61.5%). These cases were divided into four groups. Group Ⅰ: 48 cases (18.5%) were sTIL low/LAG-3 low; group Ⅱ: 52 cases (20.0%) were sTIL high/LAG-3 low; group Ⅲ: 39 cases (15.0%) were sTIL low/LAG-3 high; group Ⅳ: 121 cases (46.5%) were sTIL high/LAG-3 high. Kaplan-Meier survival analyses showed that patient prognoses were related to age, tumor size, tumor location, Lauren classification, perineural invasion, vascular invasion, TNM staging, postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy and molecular classification ( P <0.05). Meanwhile, higher densities of sTIL and higher expression of LAG-3 were associated with better prognosis. Multivariate survival analysis showed age, tumor size, Lauren classification and postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy were independent prognostic factors for patient survival. The results showed a poor prognosis in low-sTIL/low-LAG-3 patients. Conclusions: Compared with low density of sTIL and low expression of LAG-3, high density of sTIL and high expression of LAG-3 are associated with better outcomes in patients with advanced gastric adenocarcinoma, respectively. Combined detecton of sTIL and LAG-3 may be more useful in gastric cancer than using either alone. Age, tumor size, Lauren classification and postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy are independent prognostic factors for patients with advanced gastric adenocarcinoma.

Objective: To investigate the clinicopathological features and differential diagnosis of NTRK3 gene rearrangement thyroid papillary carcinoma (PTC). Methods: The PTC cases without BRAF V600E mutation were collected at Fujian Provincial Hospital South Branch from January 2015 to January 2020. The cases of NTRK3 gene rearrangement PTC were examined using immunohistochemistry and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). The clinical data, histopathological characteristics, immunohistochemical features and molecular pathological changes were retrospectively analyzed. Data from the TCGA PTC dataset and the literature were also studied. Results: A total of 3 PTC cases harboring NTRK3 gene rearrangement were confirmed. All the patients were female, aged from 26,49,34 years. Histologically, two of them demonstrated a multinodular growth pattern. Only one case showed prominent follicular growth pattern; the other two tumors showed a mixture of follicular, papillary and solid growth patterns. All tumors showed a typical PTC nuclear manifestation, with some nuclear pleomorphism, vacuolated foci and oncocytic features. The characteristic formation of glomeruloid follicular foci was present in two cases which also showed psammoma bodies, and tumoral capsular or angiolymphatic invasion. The background thyroid parenchyma showed chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis. Mitotic rates were low, and no cases had any tumor necrosis. The pan-TRK and TTF1 testing was both positive in 3 cases, while S-100 and mammaglobin were both negative in them. FISH studies confirmed the NTRK3 gene rearrangement in all 3 cases. Studies on the TCGA datasets and literature revealed similar findings. Conclusions: NTRK3 gene rearrangement PTC is rare. It may be easily misdiagnosed due to the lack of histological and clinicopathological characteristics. Molecular studies such as pan-TRK immunostaining, FISH and even next-generation sequencing are needed to confirm the diagnosis. Immunohistochemistry of pan-TRK performed in the PTC cases without BRAF V600E mutation can be used as a good rapid-screening tool. With the emergence of pan-cancer tyrosine receptor kinase inhibitors, proper diagnosis of these tumors can help determine appropriate treatments and improve their outcomes.

Based on Yichang health big data platform, 850 608 patients from September 2018 to September 2019 were included in this study. According to the date of birth, the participants were divided into early childhood famine exposure group, fetal famine exposure group and non-famine exposure group. The incidence of adult herpes zoster (HZ) in Yichang city was analyzed, and the correlation between early life famine exposure and adult HZ was analyzed. In 2019, the crude incidence rate of adult HZ in Yichang was 6.83‰. The crude incidence rate of adult HZ in females (7.26‰) was higher than that in males (6.40‰). Compared with the non-famine exposure group, fetal famine exposure was associated with the incidence of adult HZ ( OR =1.21; 95% CI : 1.01-1.45, P =0.041). After stratification by sex, fetal famine exposure was only found to be associated with the onset of adult HZ in females ( OR =1.28, 95% CI :1.02-1.61, P =0.034).

Objective: To compare the efficacy and safety of olaparib in combination with pembrolizumab with pembrolizumab alone in second-line treatment for patients with extensive stage-small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC) whose ages ranged from 40 to 80 years. Methods: From March 2017 to October 2019, 21 patients with progressed or relapsed small cell lung cancer after standard first line treatment were enrolled in this study. The olaparib/pembrolizumab group ( n =11) was treated by olaparib 300mg twice per day combined with pembrolizumab 200mg once every 3 weeks, while pembrolizumab group was treated by pembrolizumab alone. Results: The objective response rate (ORR) of olaparib/pembrolizumab group and pembrolizumab group were 45.5% and 10.0%, respectively ( P =0.149), and the disease control rate (DCR) were 81.8% and 70.0% ( P =0.635). The median progression-free survival (PFS) were 5.93 months and 3.53 months ( P =0.036), the median overall survival (OS) were 10.43 months and 8.43 months ( P =0.063). The adverse reaction incidences of all grades were 90.9% and 70.0% ( P =0.311), and the incidences of grade Ⅲ-Ⅴ including myelosuppression were 36.4% and 10.0% ( P =0.311), gastrointestinal reaction were 9.1% and 10.0%, ( P =1.000) and other immune-related adverse events were 18.2% and 30.0% ( P =1.000). Further analysis showed the metastatic number ( P =0.006), platinum sensitivity ( P =0.036) and LDH level ( P =0.022) significantly affected the ORR of olaparib/pembrolizumab therapy. Conclusion: Our preliminary study indicates that olaparib combined with pembrolizumab is an efficient and safe second-line treatment therapy for patients with ES-SCLC.

Objective: To explore the effect of microwave ablation on thyroid nodules cell activity by the reaction of key enzyme of cell activation. Methods: From November 2017 to February 2018, 104 patients with 120 thyroid nodules underwent ultrasound-guided microwave ablation at Super-minimally Invasive Medicals, Shanghai International Medical Center, aged 14-55 years, 42 males and 62 females.Twice core needle biopsy were performed before and after thermal ablation.The specimen were using hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining and enzyme histochemical staining with include succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and nicotinamide adeninedinucleotide phosphate diaphorase (NADPH-d), respectively, and observe under microscope. Results: Enzyme histochemical staining showed that the positive rate of SDH and NADPH-d in the marginal region and transitional region were 100% before ablation, and were 0% immediately after ablation.The positive rate of SDH and NADPH-d histochemical staining in the same area before and immediately after ablation was statistically significant ( P <0.05). Shortly after microwave ablation, the tissue structure and cell morphology showed no obvious alteration in HE stained sections, but in sections with enzyme histochemical staining, the activity of SDH and NADPH-d in ablated tissue disappeared.The accuracy rate of pathologic diagnosis was 100% after ablation. Conclusions: SDH and NADPH-d enzyme activity may be better in evaluating the short-term efficacy of microwave ablation of thyroid nodules than HE staining.

Objective: To investigate the diagnostic value of low dose of dual-source CT venography examination for DVT (deep venous thrombosis). Methods: A total of 60 patients from Nanjing First Hospital with suspected DVT underwent indirect low dose CTV examination and treatment of DSA from January to December, 2017, and recording the radiation dose for CTV.DSA as the gold standard, calculate the sensitivity, specificity of CTV, kappa consistency test was used to exam the results of CTV and DSA. McNemar test was used to check statistical difference between two examinations. Results: A total of 60 patients, 780 blood vessels took CTV examinations, 326 were positive; 420 blood vessels took DSA examinations, 332 were positive.DSA as the gold standard, the sensitivity, specificity, of DVT detection by CTV were 96.2% and 92.6%, kappa =0.860, P <0.05, and the result of McNemar test was P =0.263. Conclusion: Low dose of dual-source indirect CTV examination for DVT can not only reduce radiation dose for the patients, but also has a high clinical value in the diagnosis of DVT.

Objective: To investigate the mental health status in migrant workers in a labor-intensive enterprise and related influencing factors. Methods: Typical sampling was used to perform an investigation in 910 migrant workers in a large foreign-funded labor-intensive enterprise in Shenzhen, China. All the respondents gave informed consent and completed the questionnaire independently and anonymously. The self-reported mental health status was evaluated using the Beck Anxiety Inventory, Beck Depression Inventory, and General Health Questionnaire. Results: Of all the migrant workers in this enterprise, 7.2% had a positive self-reported anxiety symptom, 25.4% had a moderate or severe self-reported depression symptom, and 76.4% had a poor self-reported general health status. Age had significant influence on the self-reported depression symptom (χ 2 =21.968, P <0.05) ; age did not have significant influence on the self-reported anxiety and general health status (χ 2 =6.616、12.498, both P >0.05) . The knowledge of occupational hazards had significant influence on mental health status (χ 2 Depression =47.289, χ 2 General health =21.087, both P <0.05) . The feeling of work had significant influence on self-reported depression and general health status (χ 2 Depression =52.406, χ 2 General health =17.327, both P <0.05) . Attention to self mental health had significant influence on self-reported depression (χ 2 =17.714, P <0.05) , and whether the person wanted to learn the knowledge of mental health had significant influence on self-reported anxiety (χ 2 = 6.145, P <0.05) . Conclusion: The self-reported mental health status in migrant workers is poor and is associated with age, worry about exposure to occupational hazard factors, emphasis on mental health knowledge, and a focus on personal mental health. Therefore, targeted occupational health education and occupational mental health education should be strengthened.

Objective: To investigate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS)in 259 professional automobile drivers, and to put forward targeted suggestions on protection., Methods: In October 2014, 114 male bus drivers and 145 male taxi drivers in a transportation service company were enrolled as investigation group, and 121 non-operating male staff were enrolled as control group. Physical examination and a questionnaire survey were conducted for both groups, and the results were analyzed., Results: The bus drivers and taxi drivers had significantly higher prevalence rates of MS than the nonoperating staff(17.5%/13.1% vs 3.3%, P<0.05). The results of univariate logistic analysis showed that smoking(OR=2.58, 95%CI 1.14~5.88), exercise (OR=0.21, 95% CI 0.10~0.43), meal time (OR=0.27, 95% CI 0.13~0.59), and a family history of chronic diseases (OR=2.26, 95% CI 1.13~4.50)were associated with MS, and each independent variable showed significant differences between groups (P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that with age remaining the same, smoking was the risk factor for MS in professional automobile drivers (OR=5.25, 95%CI 2.00~13.80), and meal time (20~40 min)(OR= 0.20, 95%CI 0.09~0.44)and exercise (OR=0.13, 95% CI 0.06~0.30)were protective factors against MS., Conclusion: Professional automobile drivers have a higher prevalence rate of MS than non-operating staff, which should be taken seriously by working personnel.

Objective: To investigate the association between pathological complete response (pCR), clinicopathological characteristics and clinical outcomes in breast cancer patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy., Methods: Medical records of 221 patients who underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer between January 2006 and December 2008 were retrospectively reviewed. Their clinicopathological features, response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy, survivals and prognostic factors were then analyzed., Results: The total pCR rate was 11.3% (25/221). The rate of pCR was 0%(0/12), 5.7%(6/106), 7.4%(2/27) and 16.9%(11/65) in the luminal A, luminal B, HER-2, and Basal-like subtypes, respectively. Statistically significant association was found between the pCR rate and the molecular substypes of breast cancer(P<0.05). The median 5-year disease free survival and the 5-year overall survival were 72 months and 79 months. The 5-year disease free survival rate and 5-year overall survival rate were 61.1% and 71.9% in all the 221 patients. The 5-year disease free survival rates of pCR and non-pCR patients were 84.0% and 58.2%, and the 5-year overall survival rates of pCR and non-pCR patients were 96.0% and 68.9%, respectively(P<0.05 for all). The multivariate survival analysis showed that clinical and pathological node stage and pCR are independent prognostic factors for the 5-year disease-free survival and 5-year total survival in patients with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (P<0.05 for both)., Conclusions: pCR is more frequently observed in HER-2 and basal-like breast cancer subtypes compared with the luminal breast cancer subtype. The status of clinical and pathological node status and pCR are independent prognostic factors in patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

The present study aimed to explore modulation of ATP-activated currents (I(ATP)) by met-Enk in rat DRG neurons. I(ATP) was recorded using the whole-cell patch clamp technique. The majority of the neurons examined responded to ATP (90.0 percent;, 45/50) with inward currents. In the 45 ATP sensitive neurons three kinds of responses to application of met-Enk were distinguished: (l) inward currents (29/45), (2) outward currents (9/45), and (3) no effect (7/45). Pretreatment with met-Enk (10(-9)~10(-5) mol/L) suppressed I(ATP) (10(-4) mol/L) in 29 neurons responding to met-Enk with inward currents. The inhibition by met-Enk of I(ATP) could be blocked by naloxone (10(-7) mol/L) in a concentration-dependent manner. Met-Enk of 10(-9), 10(-8), 10(-7), 10(-6) and 10(-5) mol/L suppressed I(ATP) by l3.2+/-5.4 percent; (n=5); 39.2+/-8.6 percent; (n=8), 54.l+/-8.6 percent; (n=8),43.3+/-7.9 percent; (n=7) and 43.l+/-7.9 percent; (n=7) (mean+/-MSE), respectively. A comparison of concentration - response relations of ATP with and without preapplication of met-Enk indicated that after pretreatment with met-Enk (10(-7) mol/L) the curve shifted downward markedly with a decrease of 25 percent; of the maximum value of I(ATP) and unchanged K(d) value. The suppression of I(ATP) by met-Enk was reversed as evidenced by intracellular dialysis of H-9 by using the repatch technique. Taken together, it is suggested that the inhibition by met-Enk of I(ATP) is caused by activation of opiate receptor, which eventually results in phosphorylation of ATP receptor, mediated by modulation of G protein coupling and intracellular signal transduction.

Objective: To investigate the non-anthraquinones from the root and rootstock of Rheum officinale., Method: The chemical constituents were obtained from the 85% alcohol extract of the radix and rhizoma of R. officinale by column chromatography and identified by spectroscopic analysis., Result: Ten non-anthraquinones were obtained, of which eight were identified by spectroscopic analysis as rheosmine, daucosterol, d-catechin, 6-cinnamoylisolindleyin, (-)-epicatechin-3-O-gallate, resveratrol-4'-O-beta-D-(6"-O-galloyl)-glucopyranoside, gallic acid, D-sorbitol., Conclusion: Compounds rheosmine and D-sorbitol were obtained from the genus Rheum for the first time.

Augmenter of liver regeneration (ALR) is a novel hepatic stimulator. After 70% of the rat liver was removed, ALR-like activity in the remnant liver began to increase within 24 h. In parallel with the activity, the ALR mRNA level in the remnant liver increased 12 h after the operation and reached a maximum in 24 h. These findings indicate that the liver itself produces ALR, which may be a hepatotropic factor acting as a trigger for liver regeneration.

It was demonstrated that biologically active ALR could be expressed from its cDNA in transient expression experiments in cos-7 cells. The results showed that the cytosolic fraction from the transfected cells with constructed plasmids DNA stimulated of DNA synthesis of in vitro HTC cells in a dose dependent manner. This finding suggests that the HTC hepatoma cell line may be used as a target for bioassay of human ALR in vitro.

About 30%-40% of hematopoietic stem cells in human fetal liver of 3-5 months are in S phase of cell cycle, much higher than the ratio of 10% of that in adult bone marrow. The existance of highly active hematopoietic stem cell proliferation stimulators is probably its molecular basis. CFU-S "suicide rate" in rats was adopted to detect the effective substance. Through several steps of separation, we obtained a relatively purified substance of 35 kDa, termed it as FLS-4. CD 34 positive cord blood cells were sorted and assayed for their response to FLS-4 in 3H-TdR incorporation assay. The response to FLS-4 alone was approximately 1 times the background response seen with no factor added. In combination with IL-6 and IL-3 produced response that was 2.9 and 6.5 fold respectively greater than that observed with no factor added, but was weakly in comparison with the effects of SCF. In combination with GM-CSF or IL-3, FLS-4 can stimulate the formation of blast-colonies. The results indicate that the FLS-4 is very likely to be a novel hematopoietic stem cell proliferation stimulator. In physical or biological characteristics, it exhibited a unique character different from IL-3, IL-6, GM-CSF, SCF or FLT3 ligand those are known to have hematopoietic stem cell proliferation stimulating activity. During the period of active hematopoiesis in fetal liver, FLS-4 might be the candidate in triggering hematopoietic stem cells from resting G0 to S phase.

By using Y chromosome specific sex-determining region (Sry) as a new cytogenetic marker and PCR technique, the characteristics of proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells in mice were studied. Bone marrow cells from male mice were injected into lethally-irradiated female mice, PCR results indicated that all of the CFU-S were originated from donor. It was found that CFU-S was able to proliferate and differentiate into various hematopoietic cells in vivo during its transplantation. Whereas the fibroblasts within donor CFU-S and the fibroblasts from bone marrow in recipient mouse reestablished by donor CFU-S were shown to be originated from the recipient. The above data demonstrated that CFC-S from bone marrow in mice possessed the characteristics of hematopoietic stem cells but was not prone to differentiate into fibroblasts.

Our previous work showed the existence of low molecular weight tumor suppressors in human fetal tissues. In this paper, two tumor cell suppressors were isolated and purified from methanol extract of human fetal liver by C18 reversed-phase medium pressure chromatography, gel filtration on Sephadex LH-20, and high-performance liquid chromatography, directed by suppression of growth of HL-60 cells. The structures of the suppressors were identified to be 7-ketocholesterol and 7-beta-hydroxycholesterol. Under the condition of in vitro agar plate culture, 7-ketocholesterol and 7-beta-hydroxycholesterol showed preferentially inhibitory effects on the growth of both human and murine leukemic cell lines including human HL-60 and murine S-180 cells, but less effective on the growth of normal human and murine bone marrow granulocyte-macrophage progenitors (CFU-GM).

CD34+ cells were isolated from human umbilical cord blood by using a high-gradient magnetic cell sorting system with anti-CD34 monoclonal antibody coated with microbeads, and then inoculated onto a pre-formed irradiated bone marrow stroma to evaluate the grafting efficiency of CD34+ cells with rhGM-CSF or IL-3, alone or in combination. The results showed that only 36% CD34+ cells in the control, and 68 - 89.6% in the groups with growth factors treatment seeded to the stroma. A short incubation of CD34+ cells with growth factors could rapidly reconstitute a long-term hemopoiesis in the long-term liquid culture system. This demonstrates that a brief treatment of CD34+ cells with GM-CSF or IL-3 can improve the grafting efficiency of transplanted umbilical cord blood cells.

A new method of measuring the iris contour has been set up with a personal computer. The model of a parabolic curve, an approximate mimic iris contour curve, was traced to define the profile contour of the iris from a photograph. A radius measured from the apex of the curvature of the parabola, named iris radius (IR), was calculated by a computer to describe the degree of the curvature of the iris contour. The iris radius of 93 eyes of 68 cases with early pupillary block primary angle closure glaucoma were measured by this method. The results show that the mean iris radius of cases with glaucoma is shorter than that of the normal age matched controls (53 cases 106 eyes) and there is statistical significant difference (P < 0.01). This method of measurement can be an effective method to further study the early diagnosis and pathogenic mechanism of the pupillary block angle closure glaucoma.

The method of qualitative and quantitative analysis and localization of cytochemistry were used to observe the epithelial cells of the thin-white coating of tongue from 25 patients with Deficiency Cold Syndrome (DCS) and 20 normal persons. Results showed that the level of intracellular DNA, PAS of the epithelial cells in the DCS group were markedly enhanced, while the activities of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and acid alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase (ANAE) were reduced significantly compared to normal group, P < 0.05, 0.001, 0.001, 0.01 respectively.

Six cases of acute leukemia patients were treated with APHSCT and the clinical results were satisfactory. The preparatory marrow ablative chemoradiotherapy regimen before APHSCT was same as that for autologous bone marrow transplantation (ABMT). The number of mononuclear cells infused to restore the hematopoietic function ranged from 1.65 to 2.92 x 10(8)/kg and these cells yielded 0.17 to 2.26 x 10(4)/kg CFU-GM. The hematopoietic and immunological function of patients returned to normal level 25 to 38 days after APHSCT; the recovery was faster than that of ABMT and FLT. One patient each died of recurrence of leukemia and fungi septicemia 90 and 70 days after transplantation respectively, whereas the other four patients have survived for 9, 8, 4, and 2 months respectively.

Fourteen patients with severe aplastic anemia were treated with antilymphocyte globulin (ALG). Eight were studied with co-culture of patient's lymphocytes with normal bone marrow cells. Suppression of CFU-C was prevented by pretreatment of T lymphocytes with anti-T lymphocyte McAb in four patients and concordance with clinical outcome was observed only in two patients. Conclusive in vivo therapy result for this correspondence are lacking. Seven patients received fetal liver cell suspension infusion 24-36 hours after completing ALG therapy and remission were "more complete" in three cases with good response. Response of treatment in the fourteen patients was as follows: eight had complete or partial responses and the remaining did not respond or died (42.8%).