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The older adults are high risk population for malnutrition. Malnutrition is closely associated with numerous adverse clinical outcomes, which may seriously affect the physical health and life quality of the older adults, causing heavy burdens on families and society. Therefore, it is of great importance to take effective measures to improve malnutritionin the older adults, and non-pharmacological interventions have been proved to be important measures to improve nutritional status. However, there is no domestic clinical practice guideline for non-pharmacological interventions specifically for malnourished older adults. Therefore, nutrition experts from China Gerontological Nursing Alliance, National Center for Gerontology and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders developed the guideline based on the Grading of Recommendation Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) including 9 recommendations of non-pharmacological intervention formal nourished older adults through a comprehensive search and analysis of the latest domestic and international literature on malnutrition in the elderly, in order to improve malnutrition and quality of life in the older adults. This guideline focuses on malnourished older adults who can be fed orally and enteral nutrition, parenteral nutrition is not covered by the scope of this guideline.

Objective To compare the effectiveness of water of different quality in the cleaning of reusable medical instruments. Methods Totally 360 pieces of reusable medical instruments were included as the research objects. According to different stratified sampling of contaminated instruments, this study conducted tap water treatment (group A, n=100), soft water treatment (group B, n=153) and pure water treatment (group C, n=107). The cleaning effect was detected by visual inspection(magnifier with a light source)and ATP bioluminescence device. Results According to the outcomes of assessment by visual inspection(including magnifier with a light source), there was no significant difference in cleaning effect between three groups (P＞0. 05). According to the outcomes of assessment by ATP bioluminescence, higher quality of cleaning was observed in those instruments with low level of contamination after pre-treatment(P＜0. 01); The cleaning effect of instrument treated with pure water was better than that of devices treated with soft water and tap water in the process of washing and rinsing(P＜0. 05). Conclusion The pre-treatment has an impact on the cleaning quality of reusable medical instruments, which means that better pre-treatment condition is associated with higher cleaning quality . The cleaning quality of medical instruments treated with pure water in whole process is better than that of medical instrument treated by washing and rinsing with tap water and soft water. (目的 探讨采用不同清洗水对复用医疗器械清洗质量的影响。方法 选取360组复用医疗器械, 根据器械污染程度的不同进行分层便利抽样, 分别采用自来水清洗处理(n=100)、软水清洗处理(n=153)、纯水清洗处理(n=107), 通过目测法(包含带光源放大镜观察法)和检测ATP值测定清洗效果。结果 经目测法和带光源放大镜检测, 三组清洗质量合格率差异无统计学意义(P＞0. 05)。根据ATP测定结果, 轻度污染器械的清洗效果优于中度污染和重度污染器械, 差异有统计学意义(P＜0. 01); 纯水组清洗合格率高于自来水组和软水组清洗合格率, 差异有统计学意义(P＜0. 05)。结论 使用科室对器械预处理质量影响消毒供应器械清洗质量, 预处理越好的器械清洗效果越好; 采用纯水进行冲洗、洗涤、漂洗的普通器械, 其清洗质量优于自来水和软水清洗的器械。)

Skeletal angle class Ⅲ malocclusion with mandibular deviation involves the rotation and translation of the cranial base, maxilla, mandible, and soft tissue. It compromises the patients’ appearance and stomatognathic function. The treatment outcome is not satisfactory, and correct evaluation is of great significance. The causal relationship between skeletal Class Ⅲ with mandibular deviation and TMD remains controversial. This review focuses on the structural alterations of hard and soft tissue, the etiology, the choice of treatment methods, and the association with TMD in patients with skeletal class Ⅲ malocclusion with mandibular deviation. The results show that mandibular deviation is a complex disease with unclear etiology. It involves morphological changes, rotation and displacement of the cranial base, maxilla and mandible, morphological changes of the soft tissue, and occlusal changes, which also compromise the temporomandibular joint and mandibular function. Skeletal Class Ⅲ malocclusion is common in patients with mandibular deviation. Early treatment is needed; however, the treatment methods vary. The correct evaluation of the morphological changes of soft and hard tissues leading to facial asymmetry is the premise of treatment. Orthodontic and orthognathic treatment (combined with soft tissue repair when necessary) is an effective method for the treatment of skeletal class Ⅲ malocclusion with mandibular deviation. In addition, there is a close relationship between mandibular deviation and TMD, which needs to be fully considered in the design of treatment.

[Purpose/significance] Exploring the quantity, the opening level and the tendency of scholarly resources of 15 university presses using PRIMO and SUMMON discovery systems. [Method/process] Examining the indexing depth and scale of journals of these university presses by the sampling test method. Tsinghua University Press was introduced as a case of opening and sharing scholarly resources. [Result/conclusion] The quantity of scholarly resources of university presses is increasing and their open tendency is evident. However, the indexing depth of the subscription and OA resources are not all at a full-text level. The opening of Chinese resources should be focused on.

Objective To analyze the differential proteomics of white matter in rats with diabetes-associated cognitive decline (DACD). Methods The experiment contained two groups: control group (10 SD rats) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) group (10 SD rats). Rats in control group were fed with standard diet, T2DM models were established by high fat and high glucose diet combined with intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. Morris water maze was used to detect the cognitive function of rats, and diffusion tensor imaging was used to evaluate the degree of white matter lesions (WML). Differential proteomics analysis of white matter was performed through the label-free comparative proteomics technology, and then the changed proteomes that may be related to the molecular mechanism of WML caused by T2DM were screened. After bioinformatics analysis of the differential proteins, some of the differential expressed proteins were verified by Western blot. The differences between groups were compared by independent sample t test or Wilcoxon test. Results A total of 38 differential proteins were screened, including 24 up-regulated proteins (fold change>2.0 and P<0.05) and 14 down-regulated proteins (fold change<-2.0 and P<0.05). The differential proteins mainly distributed in cell membrane, cytoplasm and exosomes. And they were mainly involved in biological processes such as nervous system development, negatively regulating apoptosis of neural cells, and chemical synaptic transmission. The varied proteins were mainly concentrated on the four signal pathways, moreover, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, nitric oxide synthase 1, neuromodulin (GAP43), vesicular glutamate transporter 1 (SLC17A7), dynamin-1, metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 and amino acid transporter would be core backbones of the protein complexes to form interactive network. Conclusions The differentially proteomics are involved in multiple signal pathways of cognitive dysfunction and WML. GAP43 and SLC17A7 may be the crucial targets of WML. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The distribution status, properties and characteristics of oilfield associated gas in Changqing Oilfield block were briefly described. Ten technologies in the process of development, utilization and comprehensive utilization ways of associated gas were mainly introduced. The comparison of comprehensive utilization was analyzed. The result shows that the oilfield associated gas has been proved to be a kind of clean energy, which has broad development and utilization prospects and satisfactory application effect. The comprehensive utilization of associated gas in Changqing Oilfield provides a reliable basis for subsequently developing and utilizing of oilfield associated gas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To bring insight into the non-motor vehicle's riding behavior mechanism influenced by curb parking, judgment criterion of serious traffic conflict between non-motor vehicle and vehicle (STCNV), non-motor vehicle's averting danger behaviors and the probability distribution model of the STCNV were put forward and studied based on the survey data on scene. Firstly, non-complete braking distance was presented as the judgment index of the STCNV ; the data of traffic conflicts and non-motor vehicle's averting danger behaviors was collected at the curb parking area; and the deceleration behavior was concluded as the main averting danger behavior. Then, the Poisson probability distribution model of the STCNV was constructed; the safety judgment model for non-motor vehicle's riding and its critical value calculation standard was proposed on the bias of the Normal distribution, and the safety evaluation was implemented for the survey sections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the aging population in China, health issues among the elderly are becoming increasingly prominent, leading to a rapidly growing demand for health interventions for the elderly. Exergames are one of the important emerging methods in the field of health interventions for the elderly, widely used and yielding positive results. While research on exergames is well-established abroad, it is still in its infancy in China, lacking reports on the types, interaction forms, intervention content, application status, and effectiveness of exergames. Exergames are suitable for widespread use among the elderly in China, and there is a need to accelerate the development and application of exergames in the field of health interventions for the elderly in China.

Objective: To explore the molecular reasons of weak expression of B antigen on the red cell., Methods: Serological test for blood group was carried out, including red cell and plasma grouping, and anti-A1 and anti-H testing, and confirming weak A or B antigens by adsorption and elution. Exons 1-7 were sequenced directly, and one of them was cloned and sequenced., Results: All of the 23 samples showed the weak B antigen by serological method. The alleles of the subgroups were identified by DNA sequencing, including 2 Bel subgroup, 4 B3 subgroup, 14 Bw subgroup, 2 CisAB subgroup and a novel allele. The novel allele showed a nucleotide substitution 662G>A in the exon 7, and the sequence was submitted to Blood Group Antigen Gene Mutation Database, and the novel allele was named Bel10., Conclusion: Nucleotide substitution in exon results in blood subgroup, which showed that the antigens were weakened, and Bw phenotype was the most frequently subgroup.

Objective: To explore the role and molecular mechanism of forkhead transcription factor O1 (FoxO1) for extracellular matrix (ECM) protein accumulation in rat mesangial cells (MCs) cultured under high-glucose conditions., Methods: The MCs were transfected with either lentiviral vectors containing the sequences of constitutively active FoxO1 (LV-CA-FoxO1) or empty vectors (LV-NC-GFP). The MCs were divided into 4 groups of normal glucose (5.6 mmol/L) (NG), high glucose (25 mmol/L) (HG), high glucose plus LV-CA-FoxO1 (LV-CA) and high-glucose plus empty lentiviral vectors (LV-NC). After 72 h treatment, the mRNA levels of MCs were measured through real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in each group, including FoxO1, fibronectin (FN), collagen I(Col I), collagen IV (Col IV), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), TGF-β type Iand type II receptor (TGF-βRI/II). The protein levels of FoxO1, phosphorylation FoxO1 (p-FoxO1), TGF-β1 and TGF-βRI/II were assessed by Western blot. And the distributions of TGF-βRI in MCs were detected by immunofluorescence., Results: Expression and bioactivity changes of FoxO1: Compared with NG group, there was no significant difference in either mRNA or protein levels of FoxO1 in HG group (P > 0.05) whereas the protein levels of p-FoxO1 markedly increased (P < 0.05). The levels of FoxO1 mRNA and protein increased in LV-CA group versus HG group (mRNA: 17.36 ± 1.13 vs 1.01 ± 0.12, protein: 4.38 ± 0.09 vs 0.93 ± 0.10, both P < 0.05). And there was a significant decrease of p-FoxO1/FoxO1 ratio (P < 0.05). Thus it suggested an enhancement in FoxO1 expression and transcriptional activity. Changes of ECM protein expression. The mRNA expression levels of FN, Col Iand Col IV in HG group were elevated compared with NG group (all P < 0.05) while the expressions of these indices in LV-CA group became attenuated compared with HG group (all P < 0.05). Changes of TGF-β pathway activation: the expressions of TGF-β1 and TGF-βRI/IIboth increased in HG group (all P < 0.05), but decreased in LV-CA group (all P < 0.05). The results of immunofluorescence suggested that the staining of TGF-βRIdecreased in MCs in LV-CA group versus HG group. All indices of LV-NC group had no statistical difference with those of HG group (all P > 0.05)., Conclusion: FoxO1 plays a pivotal role in down-regulating the activation of TGF-β pathway and thereby inhibiting the secretion of ECM.

Objective: the aim of this study was to determine the clinicopathological characteristics of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients complicated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM )., Methods: A total of 3, 202 patients with CRC confirmed pathologically in Tianjin Union Medicine Center from January 2005 to December 2009 were included in this study. We analyzed the differences in clinicopathological features between T2DM patients and non-diabetic patients according to age of diagnosis, gender, tumor site, stage, gross type, histological type, and differentiation., Results: From 2005 to 2009, the number of CRC patients increased yearly. The high incidence age of all CRC patients was 51 to 80 years old. The male to female ratio was 1.18:1, showing that the number of female patients with CRC was increased significantly compared with males. The CRC distribution of T2DM patients and non-diabetic patients showed a predominance of rectal cancer (64.4%, 68.7%), followed by sigmoid colon cancer (12.5%, 13.0%), and moderately differentiated ulcer-type adenocarcinoma. Compared with non-diabetic patients, T2DM patients were older (66.2 years versus 62.7 years, P < 0.001) and had more multiple CRCs (3.5% versus 1.6%, P < 0.001). Moreover, the proportion of lymph node or organ metastasis in T2DM patients was higher than that in non-diabetic patients (52.6% versus 45.6%, P < 0.05). No significant differences were observed between both groups in terms of gender, gross type, histological type, and differentiation(P > 0.05 for all)., Conclusions: CRC incidence shows an increasing trend with age. CRC patients with T2DM have an older age of onset, higher proportion of lymph node and distant organ metastasis than in non-diabetic patients.

A method of reversed-phase (RP)/normal-phase (NP)-liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) was developed for the determination of distearyl dimethyl ammonium chloride (DSDMAC) in textiles. The DSDMAC in textile was extracted by ultrasound-assisted extraction using methanol as extraction solvent under the conditions of 70 degrees C and 420 W within 30 min. The three quaternary ammonium compounds of DSDMAC were detected by LC-MS/MS in the selective reaction monitoring (SRM) mode. The limits of detection (LODs) (S/N = 3) of DSDMAC detected by RPLC-MS/MS and NPLC-MS/MS based on an amino-column were 0.1 mg/kg and 0.01 mg/kg, respectively. The recoveries of DSDMAC spiked in the eight different types of blank fabrics ranged from 85.5% to 103% with the relative standard deviations (RSDs) of 4.18% - 12.8% (n = 5) by RPLC-MS/MS method. Five laboratories were invited to take part in the validation of the method, and the RSDs of inter-lab were 7.3% - 9.4% on two reference samples. The method is fast, accurate and reproducible, and can meet the demands of the determination of DSDMAC in textiles.

A qualitative method of the identification of nine carcinogenic dyes prohibited in textiles was developed using high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry interfaced with electro-spray ionization (HPLC-ESI-MS/MS) in the selective reaction monitoring (SRM) mode. The dyes were extracted from textiles composed of natural or chemical fibers by methanol under ultrasounication, and then eluted with gradient by acetonitrile and 5 mmol/L ammonium acetate from an RP-C18 column with two segments in effluents. The first effluents accommodated Acid Red 26, Direct Blue 6, Direct Black 38 and Direct Red 28 with negative ionization mode, while the second accommodated Basic Red 9, Basic Violet 14, Disperse Blue 1, Disperse Orange 11 and Disperse Yellow 3 with positive ionization mode. Thus the investigated compounds could be identified simultaneously with single-run analysis no matter which type of the fibre the sample was and no matter which category of the dye the analyte was. The established method was successfully applied to identify the carcinogenic dyes in textile samples through comparing the chromatographic retention time and the relative abundance of characteristic product ions with the standards.