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BackgroundBeing complex and highly heterogeneous with regard to the etiology and clinical manifestations of depression， neuroimaging studies make a breakthrough for exploring the biological subtypes of depression， while the current data-driven approach for the identification of subtyping depression using structural magnetic resonance imaging （MRI） data is insufficient.ObjectiveTo explore the biological subtypes of depression using diffusion tensor imaging （DTI） and machine learning methods.MethodsA total of 127 patients with depression who attended Beijing Anding Hospital from September 2017 to August 2021 and met the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders， fourth edition （DSM-IV） diagnostic criteria were included， and another 80 healthy individuals matched for gender and age were recruited through advertisements in surrounding communities during the same period. DTI findings， demographic characteristics and clinical data were collected from all participants. Tract-based spatial statistics （TBSS） and the Johns Hopkins University （JHU） white matter probability maps were used to extract fractional anisotropy （FA） values of white matter tracts. A semi-supervised machine learning technique was used to identify the subtypes， and the FA values for whole brain white matter of patients and controls were compared.ResultsPatients with depression were classified into two biological subtypes. FA values in multiple tracts including corpus callosum and corona radiata of subtype I patients were smaller than those of healthy controls （P0.05）， while subtype I patients scored lower on HAMD-17 than subtype II patients after 12 weeks of treatment （t=2.410， P

Thermostat plays an important role in people′s production, life and scientific research, such as the measurement and compensation of temperature compensated crystal oscillator parameters. This paper designs and implements a software-controlled portable thermostat control system with low fluctuation. This thermostat uses a method to control the power of ceramic heating chip or semiconductor refrigeration chip by dynamically adjusting the working voltage, so as to realize the constant control of temperature. This thermostat has advantages of low temperature fluctuation, supporting temperature curve software control, small and portable. After testing, the temperature control range of the thermostat realized in this design is from -15 ℃ to 80 ℃, and the temperature fluctuation in stable state is ±0.2 ℃. In addition, compared with the thermostat using pulse width modulation control method, this thermostat has lower system electromagnetic radiation and higher refrigeration efficiency. Under the same power input condition, the temperature can be further reduced by 12.9 ℃.

An adjacent excavation model based on the hardening soil-small strain (HSS) constitutive model was established by using the numerical method, which was compared with the single excavation model and the adjacent excavation model without considering the wall-soil friction. The stress deformation characteristics of adjacent excavation implemented simultaneously were obtained, and the interaction mechanism of adjacent excavations were revealed. The results show that two kinds of arching effects exist in the confined soil. One is the arching effect caused by uneven deformation of walls, and the other is the arching effect caused by the wall-soil friction, both of which affect the lateral earth pressure acting on the retaining walls. With the decrease of the excavation spacing, the former is weakened, resulting in the weakening of the transfer of lateral earth pressure between the soil near the excavation face to bracing soil, while the latter is enhanced, leading to the decrease of magnitude of the lateral earth pressure acting on adjacent retaining walls. Under the action of the arching effects, the curve of lateral earth pressure develops from an R-shaped distribution to a linear distribution and then returns to an R-shaped distribution with the decrease of the spacing. The maximum horizontal displacement of non-adjacent walls increases, and the maximum horizontal displacement of adjacent walls increases primarily and then decreases.

Objective To investigate the effects of miR-195 on the expression of Sirt1 and its downstream oxidative stress and mitochondrial apoptosis-related proteins in the liver of type 1 diabetic C57BL/6 mice. Methods Mice were divided into control group (Control group), diabetes group (DM group), and miR-195 inhibitor group (DM+antago group). The DM group model was replicated according to the conventional method, and miR-195 inhibitor (2.5 mg/kg) was transfected into DM + antago group mice. The DM group and the control group were injected with scrambled shRNA (2.5 mg/kg) only as a control.Observe and record the increase and decrease of body weight and blood glucose of mice every week. Take fresh liver tissue, one part is processed and made by HE staining for histopathological observation; the part is used to determine the MDA content and T-SOD activity in liver tissue.RT-qPCR and Western blot were used to detect the mRNA and protein content of related indicators in the liver tissue of the three groups of mice. Results 1)Compared with the control group, the leaflets of the liver tissue in the DM group showed structural disorders, hepatocytes were significantly edema, and the cytoplasm was loose; compared with the DM group, the hematocyte edema in the DM+antago group was reduced. 2)Compared with the control group, miR-195 mRNA expression, MDA content and AcFoxo1/Foxo1 protein expression in the DM group were significantly increased (P＜0.05), while Sirt1, Foxo1 mRNA and protein expression, and T-SOD activity were significantly reduced (P＜0.05); Compared with the DM group, miR-195 mRNA expression, MDA content and AcFoxo1/Foxo1 protein expression in the DM + antago group decreased significantly (P＜0.05), while Sirt1, Foxo1 mRNA and protein expression, and T-SOD activity were all Significantly increased (P＜0.05). Conclusions The expression of miR-195 is increased in liver oxidative stress in type 1 diabetic rats. Sirt1 seems to be potential target of miR-195.

Aiming at the loosening of bolt connection in the rotating mechanism under dynamic tension compression and shear load,the failure mechanism and its influencing factors are studied by using virtual prototyping technology and finite element analysis method. First,based on the virtual prototype technology,the load of failure bolt connection structure is extracted;Secondly,the finite element method is used to analyze the influence factors of bolt number,preload,thickness of the connecting piece and spring gasket. The evaluation index system of digital analysis is set up to guide the design of the measures for improving the anti loosening. In this paper,the design and research on the bolt of a servo device rotating mechanism is taken as an example. The method of digital design and analysis is carried out,which solves the problem of bolt connection loose. The conclusion shows that the improved design is consistent with the practical engineering,and bolt connection structure is free from loosening and failure.

In order to forewarn outburst coal in process of tunnel drifting in high outburst mine, so as to eliminate hidden dangers early and prevent disaster, building of detailed geological model of outburst coal was researched and the normal pitch between tunnelling place and outburst coal by shortest distance analytical method of GIS was calculated. On the basis of Longruan GIS3.0 and VRMine, an early warning system for danger source in process of tunnel drifting of high outburst mine was developed, 3D visualization of early warning model and forewarning evaluation were realized, and an example verification using real data of Xinzhuangzi coal mine was carried out. The results showed that early warning system for danger source in process of tunnel drifting of high outburst mine can assist safety management of coal mine.

In this paper, methylene blue (MB) value, fluidity ratio of rock fines and water requirement ratio of artificial sand were used to test and evaluate the water requirement performance of granite artificial sand with different mud content and different stone powder content. The results showed that the fluidity ratio and water requirement ratio were more rapid and effective than MB value. And the article further verified the correctness of the evaluation method by testing the workability of fresh concrete. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aiming at the current situation of potential alkali-silicic acid-reactive granite aggregates in Yunnan and the scarcity of local traditional admixture resources, the inhibitory effect of composite admixtures, which formed by local limestone powder, coal-fired slag, silica fume and fly ash, on the alkali-silicic acid reactivity of granite aggregates was studied. The results show that fly ash and silica fume have a good composite effect, and 15% fly ash with 5% silica fume can effectively inhibit the alkali -silicic acid reactivity of granite aggregate. When fly ash, coal -fired slag powder and silica fume multi -component compounding are used, the inhibitory effects of each component are fully synergistically exerted, and the fly ash content can be further reduced to 10% with achieving the suppression effectiveness requirement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Blood purification is one of the commonly used techniques for the rescue of critically ill patients, which is used for acute and chronic kidney injury caused by various causes and renal replacement therapy (RRT) for a variety of critical diseases. Its main working principle is to drain the human blood into a variety of dialyzers through the artificial tube, exchange substances through a variety of ways, and remove harmful substances and some metabolites from patients' body. Then the purified blood is transfused back to the body, so as to maintain the patient's internal environment relatively stable. At present, there are different models of hemodialysis machines in clinical practice, but they are bulky and unable to move, and the method of heat dissipation is single, which cannot meet the needs of hemodialysis treatment in transport patients. Therefore, the medical staff of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University designed and developed a hemodialysis machine, which is suitable for patients who demand hemodialysis treatment during transport, and obtained the National Invention Patent of China (ZL 2020 1 0864737.3). The hemodialysis machine comprises a main body of the hemodialysis machine and a mobile vehicle. The main body of the hemodialysis machine is placed in the bottom of the mobile vehicle, and a protective cylinder with fixed airbags is designed around the main body of the hemodialysis machine. The fixed airbag is connected to the air storage tank through the pipeline, the air storage tank is connected to the Venturi tube through the control valve, and the throat of the Venturi tube is connected to the disinfection tank and cooling water tank. The outlet end of the Venturi tube is connected with the cooling pipe inside the main part of the hemodialysis machine and the sprinkler head placed on the top of the main body. By adding a mobile vehicle and designing an airbag and protective cylinder, the hemodialysis machine can be applied to the hemodialysis treatment during the transportation of patients. By designing the heat dissipation pipe, the main body of the hemodialysis machine can be cooled, the temperature of the hemodialysis machine can be reduced, and the hemodialysis machine can still work when the fan is damaged. By designing the sprinkler head, it is convenient to automatically disinfect the main screen and control keys of the hemodialysis machine, reduce the risk of cross infection of medical staff in the operation, and increase the safety and practicability of the hemodialysis machine. The hemodialysis machine is convenient, safe and efficient, which can be widely used in the hemodialysis treatment during transported patient, and is worthy of clinical promotion.

TetR family transcriptional regulators (TFRs) are widely distributed in bacteria and archaea, and the first discovered TFR was confirmed to control the expression of tetracycline efflux pump in Escherichia coli. TFRs can bind DNAs and ligands. Small molecule ligands can induce conformational changes of TFRs, inhibiting or promoting TFRs to control target gene expression. Currently, TFRs have a wide variety of ligands, including carbohydrates, proteins, fatty acids and their derivatives, metal ions, and so on. Due to the diversity of ligands, TFRs regulate a wide range of physiological processes, from basic carbon metabolism and nitrogen metabolism to quorum sensing and antibiotic biosynthesis. On the basis of the recent studies in our laboratory and the literature, we review here the regulatory mechanism mediated by ligands of TFRs in primary and secondary metabolism, as well as the application of ligands for TFRs in the development of gene route and the activation of antibiotic biosynthesis.

To study trafficking of bulk internalized vesicles such as macropinosome and lysosome in live cells, an efficient and convenient assay was established according to the axon turning assay. By injecting indicator or fluorescent dyes through a micropipette with air pressure into cell cultures to create a stable gradient around the micropipette tip, vesicles were indicated and labeled. With live cell imaging, the whole process was recorded. Without wash-out of fluorescent dyes and transferring, this assay is an effective, fast labeling system for bulk internalized vesicles, and can also be combined with imaging system.

Unlabelled: OBJECTIVE To observe the clinical efficacy by Qingying Huoxue Decoction (QHD) combined ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) in treating patients with early and mid-term primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC). METHODS Totally 78 patients were randomly assigned to the treatment group and the control group, 39 in each group. All patients received basic treatment and took UDCA (at the daily dose of 13-15 mg/kg). Patients in the treatment group took QHD, one dose per day. The treatment course for all was 6 weeks. Clinical efficacy, gamma-glutamyl transferase (γ-GGT), alkaline phospatase (ALP), TBIL, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate transaminase (AST) were observed before and after treatment. RESULTS Totally 21 (53. 8%) patients obtained complete response in the treatment group, with statistical difference when compared with that of the control group (11 cases, 30. 8%). Levels of GGT, ALP, ALT, AST, and TBIL decreased in the two groups after treatment (P < 0.01). Levels of ALP, GGT, and TBIL were obviously lower in the treatment group than in the control group (P < 0.05)., Conclusions: QHD combined UDCA in treating early and mid-term PBC patients was superior to the effect of using UDCA alone. It also could improve patients' liver function.

The Sb2O4:Yb3+, Tm3+ up-conversion luminescence powder with excellent physical, chemical stability and relative low phonon energy was synthesized by the high temperature solid-state reaction and its up-conversion luminescence property was investigated. Under the 980 nm excitation, infrared and blue up-conversion emissions centered at 800 and 480 nm were observed, which were assigned to the 1G4-->3H6 and 3H4-->3 He transitions of Tm2+, respectively. The influence of Yb3+ and Tm3+ concentration on the up-conversion emission property was also obtained. The up-conversion luminescence increases with increasing of Yb3+ and Tm3+ concentration. Additionally, the up-conversion luminescence mechanism was discussed based on the dependence of Tm3+ up-conversion luminescence on pump power. It is interesting that two photon excitation processes for blue and infrared emission were observed in the Sb2O04: Yb3+, Tm3+ powder under a 980 nm excitation. Based on the energy level diagram of Tma3 and Yb2+ ions, we think that two photons blue emission is contributed to the cooperation energy transfer between Tm"+ and Yb3+ ions. We believe that the Sbz04 : Yb3 , Tm2+ up-conversion luminescence powder will have potential application for new optical devices in up-conversion color displays, sensors, detection of infrared radiation, and lasers.

Objective: To explore relationship between effect of Lamivudine in the treatment of cirrhotic patients with uncompensated hepatitis B with hepatitis B virus (HBV)genotypes and HBV specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL)., Methods: 80 cases of uncompensated cirrhotic hepatitis B (40 cases with genotype B and 40 with genotype C), HBV DNA positive, HBeAg positive and human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-A2 positive,were treated with Lamivudine 100 mg/d, one year later, its effect and relationship with HBV genotypes and HBV specific CTL were observed., Results: HBV DNA turned negative:40 cases with genotype B turned negative (100%). In the 9th and 10th month of treatment, there was one case with genotype C had YMDD variation respectively and Adefovir dipivoxil was used for treatment, of the rest 38 cases, HBV DNA of 26 cases (68.42%) turned negative,HBV DNA negative rate of patients with genotype is lower than that of patients with genotype B, chi2 = 14.91, P < 0.01. HBeAg turned negative: 18 cases with genotype B (45%) turned negative, more than that of patients with genotype C (7 cases, 18.42%), chi2 = 6.32, P < 0.05. Peripheral blood HBV specific CTL level: before treatment, it was (0.33 +/- 0.03)% of patients with genotype B,higher than that of patients with genotype C [(0.11 +/- 0.02)%], t = 8.12, P < 0.001. 1 year after treatment: it was (0.44 +/- 0.04)% of patients with genotype B, higher than that before treatment, t = 4.01, P < 0.001, it was also higher than that of patients with genotype C 1 year after treatment [(0.23 +/- 0.03)%], t = 5.63, P < 0.01, alanine amino-transferase (ALT) returned to normal: 38 cases with genotype B (95%) returned to normal, more than that of patients with genotype C (28 cases, 73.68%), X2 = 6.79, P < 0.01., Conclusion: Effect of Lamivudinein the treatment of cirrhotic patients with uncompensated hepatitis B is better in patients with genotype B than patients with genotype C, its mechanism may be related to lower level of HBV specific CTL in patients with genotype C than patients with genotype B.

Objective: To explore the anti-viral mechanism of kurarinol through studying its influence on cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) surface program death receptor-1 (PD-1) expression of patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB)., Methods: 69 cases of CHB, HBV DNA > or = 10(4) copies/ml, HBeAg positive, human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-A2 positive, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) > 2 x upper limit of normal value(ULN).69 cases were randomly divided into two groups:34 cases in treatment group,600 mg of kurarinol glucose injection was used for intravenous dripping, once a day, one month later, 200 mg of kurarinol capsule was used orally,three times a day and 200 mg of silybin meglumine tablet was used orally, three times a day. 35 cases in control group, only silibin meglumine tablet was used, method and dosage were the same as those of treatment group. Three months later, their peripheral blood HBV specific CTL surface PD-1 expression, non-specific CTL surface PD-1 expression and level of HBV specific CTL,HBV DNA and HBeAg negative rate and liver functions were analyzed and compared., Results: 3 months after treatment, peripheral blood HBV specific CTL surface PD-1 expression of the treatment group decreased compared with that before treatment (t = 2.39, P < 0.05), it also decreased compared with that of the control group 3 months after treatment (t = 2.26, P < 0.05), HBV specific CTL increased compared with that before treatment( t = 3.01, P < 0.01), it also increased compared with that of the control group after treatment (t = 2.65, P < 0.05). There was no significant difference of non-specific CTL surface PD-1 expression compared with that before treatment (P > 0.05), and there was no significant difference compared with that of the control group after treatment (P > 0.05). HBV DNA of 11 cases (32.5%) turned negative ( HBV DNA < 500 copies/ ml), higher than that of the control group after treatment (2 cases, 5.71%) chi2 = 7.99, P < 0.01, HBeAg of 9 cases (26.47%) turned negative, higher than that of the control group after treatment (1 case, 2.86%), chi2 = 7.75, P < 0.01., Conclusion: Kurarinol can increase level of HBV specific CTL by down-regulating peripheral blood HBV specific CTL surface PD-1 expression of CHB patients, which may be one of the possible mechanisms that kurarinol can remove or inhibit HBV of CHB patients.

Objective: To explore effects of kurarinol combined with Diammonium Glycyrrhizinate on specific cellular immunity of patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB)., Methods: Sixty-three CHB patients were randomly divided into two groups, 32 cases in group of kurarinol combined with Diammonium Glycyrrhizinate group (combined therapy group) were treated with 600 mg kurarinol glucose injection intravenously, once a day for one month, then 200 mg kurarinol capsule was used orally, three times a day for two months. 150 mg Diammonium Glycyrrhizinate for Injection was added to 250 ml 10% glucose injection for intravenous drip, once a day for one month, then 150 mg Diammonium Glycyrrhizinate capsule was used orally, three times a day for two months; 31 case in kurarinol group (single drug group) only used kurarinol, methods and dosage were the same as those of treatment group. HBV specific CTL, T cell subgroups, change of Th1 and Th2 level, HBV-DNA and HBeAg negative rate of the two groups were compared., Results: Three months after treatment, HBV specific CTL, CD4 + and Th1 of combined therapy group were higher than those before treatment, and higher than those of single drug group after treatment (P < 0.01)., Conclusion: HBV-DNA and HBeAg negative rate between the two groups had no statistic significance (P > 0.05)., Conclusion: Kurarinol combined with Diammonium Glycyrrhizinate can further increase HBV specific CTL, CD4+ and Th1 level of CHB patients.

Objective: To evaluate the therapeutic effect and safety of Dahuangzhechong pills on advanced schistosomiasis., Methods: Sixty-two patients with advanced schistosomiasis were divided randomly into two groups, a treatment group and a control group, and treated with Dahuangzhechong pills and routine therapy, respectively. The course of treatment was 52 weeks in the two groups. Before and after the 52-week treatment, the indexes of liver function and hepatic fibrosis, prothrombin time (PT), Child-Pugh scores and changes of B-type ultrasonic images were detected for all the patients., Results: There were significant differences in the levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and total bilirubin (TBIL), the indexes of hepatic fibrosis, portal venous inside diameters and portal venous flow between the two groups after 52 weeks treatment (P < 0.05). In addition, there were no obvious adverse effects during the treatment in the patients of the Dahuangzhechong pill group., Conclusion: Dahuangzhechong pill treatment is a safe and effective therapy for the patients with advanced schistosomiasis.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of vitrectomy combined with internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling in the treatment of diffuse nontraditional diabetic macular edema., Methods: It was a retrospective case series study. Clinical records of 21 consecutive patients (21 eyes) with diffuse diabetic macular edema without macular traction were reviewed. All patients underwent pars plana vitrectomy with internal limiting membrane peeling. Main outcome measurements included pre- and postoperative optical coherence tomography (OCT) and visual acuity., Results: Postoperative follow-up ranged from 12 to 24 months (mean, 16.3 months). Mean preoperative foveal thickness significantly decreased from (406 ± 59) µm to (291 ± 67) µm at 1 months after surgery (t = 9.26, P < 0.01), and further decreased to (280 ± 77) µm at 12 months (t = 9.46, P < 0.01). No differences in visual acuity between preoperative and postoperative were found during follow-up periods. The final best-corrected visual acuity improved in 8 (38.1%) of the 21 eyes, remained unchanged in 11 eyes (52.4%), and decreased in 2 eyes (9.5%)., Conclusions: Pars plana vitrectomy with internal limiting membrane peeling appears to be beneficial in eyes with diffuse nontraditional diabetic macular edema in retinal thickness but visual acuity outcomes showed only minimal improvement as compared to the baseline.

Not Abstract.

Objective: To explore relations between ALT level and hepatitis B virus (HBV) specific CTL and non-specific CTL in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB)., Methods: 148 cases of CHB were divided into three groups according to ALT level. 35 cases in group A, ALT > or =2 x upper limit of normal value (ULN)--5 x ULN (100-250 IU/L); 53 cases in group B, ALT > 5 x ULN-- < or =10 x ULN (251-500 IU/L); 60 cases in group C, ALT > 10 x ULN ( > 500 IU/L). Flow cytometry is used to determine non-specific CTV. HBV specific CTL was tested on 74 cases of CHB (17 in group A, 27 in group B and 30 in group C) with positive (HLA)-A2. Compare HBV specific CTL, non-specific CTL, HBV DNA levels and positive rate of HBeAg., Results: HBV specific CTL: Group A (0.42 +/- 0.10)% is higher than group B (0.25 +/- 0.08)%, t = 6.37, P < 0.01, group B is higher than group C (0.17 +/- 0.004)%, t = 5.14, P < 0.01; Non-specific CTL: Group A (15.01 +/- 3.01)% is lower than group B (18.1 +/- 5.02)%, t = 2.81, P < 0.01, group B is lower than group C (21.5 +/- 6.11)%, t = 3.07, P < 0.01; HBV DNA level: Group A [(4.97 +/- 0.86) log10 copies/ml] is lower than group B [(5.92 +/- 0.92) log10 copies/ml], t = 4.87, P < 0.01. Group B is lower than group C [(6.37 +/- 0.71) log10 copies/ml], t = 2.92, P < 0.01; Positive HBeAg: Group A (15 cases, 42.86%) is lower than group B (32 cases, 60.38%), chi2 = 2.59, P > 0.05. Group B is lower than group C (41 cases, 68.33%), chi2 = 0.78, P > 0.05. Group A is lower than group C, chi2 = 5.929, P < 0.05., Conclusion: The higher the non-specific CTL of patients with CHB is, the higher the ALT level would be, whereas the lower the HBV specific CTL is, the stronger the HBV replication would be.

Objective: To explore influence of Kurarinol on specific and non-specific cell immunity in patients with chronic hepatitis B., Methods: 74 cases of CHB were randomly divided into two groups, 36 cases in treatment group, treated with 600 mg Kurarinol glucose injection, IV, once a day. After one month, Kurarinol capsule was used orally, three times a day for 2 months, 200 mg Silybin Meglumine Tablets orally, three times a day for 3 months. 38 cases in control group, only Silybin Meglumine Tablets was used, method and dosage were the same as treatment group. Compare HBV specific CTL, non-specific CTL, sub-group of T cells, changes of Th1 and Th2, negative conversion rate of HBV DNA and HBeAg of the two groups., Results: In treatment group, 3 months after treatment with Kurarinol, HBV specific CTL is higher than that before treatment (P < 0.01), it is also higher than that of control after treatment, P < 0.05) . Non-specific CTL is higher than that before treatment (P < 0.05), it is also higher than that of control after treatment (P < 0.01). CD4 is higher than that before treatment (P <0.05), it is also higher than that of control after treatment (P < 0.01), Thl is higher than that before treatment (P < 0.05), it is also higher than that of control after treatment (P < 0.01) . Negative conversion of HBV DNA and HBeAg is higher than that of control (P < 0.01)., Conclusion: Kurarinol can improve specific and non-specific cell immunity in patients with CHB. It is one of the mechanisms that Kurarinol can clear or inhibit HBV of patients with CHB.

Objective: To determine clinical outcomes of vitrectomy and silicone oil tamponade combined with phacoemulsification and foldable intraocular lens (IOL) implantation for the treatment of severe proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR)., Methods: Fifty-three patients (57 eyes) with proliferative diabetic retinopathy were included in this study. All patients had tractional or tractional-rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. These patients were divided into combined surgery group and vitrectomy group. Thirty-three patients (33 eyes) of combined surgery group underwent vitreoretinal surgery and silicone oil tamponade combined with phacoemulsification and foldable intraocular implantation. Twenty patients (24 eyes) of vitrectomy group underwent vitreoretinal surgery and silicone oil tamponade only. The postoperative rates of retinal reattachment and complications were analyzed., Results: Rates of retinal reattachment in combined surgery group was 87.9% vs. 83.3% for vitrectomy groups. The difference in rates of retinal reattachment was not statistically significant between these 2 groups (P > 0.05). Rates of visual acuity better than 0.1 in combined surgery group was 60.6% vs. 33.3% in vitrectomy group 6 month after operation. The difference in rates of postoperative iris neovascularization was not statistically significant between these 2 groups (P > 0.05)., Conclusions: Combined vitreoretinal surgery and phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation is safe and effective in treating severe proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Combined surgery may prevent a second operation for post vitrectomy cataract, allowing earlier visual rehabilitation.

Aim: To validate the abundance of Interleukin 8 receptor beta (IL-8Rbeta) mRNA in single human neutrophil., Methods: Human neutrophils were isolated and purified from volunteers, total RNA was extracted and a regular RT-PCR aiming at IL-8Rbeta mRNA was performed to ascertain its expression profile in human neutrophils and optimize the reaction conditions for the following single-cell RT-PCR procedures. Subsequently, single neutrophil or the cellular content was harvested to conduct reverse transcription and two-round PCR with the same primer pairs used before. Serial dilution of single neutrophil cDNA pool was carried out at the same time with the exact two-round PCR followed. The specificity of this single-cell RT-PCR procedure was verified by the BamHI restriction endonuclease digestion on the final cDNA products., Results: Regular RT-PCR indicated IL-8Rbeta mRNA expression in human neutrophils. While single-cell RT-PCR was sensitive enough to detect trace IL-8Rbeta mRNA as predicted cDNA product could be amplified from a 10 000 times diluted intracellular specimen from single neutrophil, which indicated an abundant expression of this mRNA in human neutrophil. Moreover, BamHI digestion on the final cDNA product clarified the specificity of this single-cell RT-PCR procedure., Conclusion: This simplified semi-quantitative single-cell RT-PCR procedure specifically confirmed that IL-8Rbeta mRNA was highly expressed in human neutrophil, which also provided the possibility of comparing mRNA abundance at single cell level.

The present study was designed to investigate the electrophysiological characteristics of rat conduit pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) and the response to acute hypoxia. PASMCs of the 1st to 2nd order branches in the conduit pulmonary arteries were obtained by enzymatic isolation. The PASMCs were divided into acute hypoxia preconditioned group and normoxia group. Hypoxia solutions were achieved by bubbling with 5% CO2 plus 95% N2 for at least 30 min before cell perfusion. Potassium currents were compared between these two groups using whole-cell patch clamp technique. The total outward current of PASMCs was measured under normoxia condition when iBTX [specific blocking agent of large conductance Ca-activated K(+) (BK(Ca)) channel] and 4-AP [specific blocking agent of delayed rectifier K(+) (K(DR)) channel] were added consequently into bath solution. PASMCs were classified into three types according to their size, shape and electrophysiological characteristics. Type I cells are the smallest with spindle shape, smooth surface and discrete perinuclear bulge. Type II cells show the biggest size with banana-like appearance. Type III cells have the similar size with type I, and present intermediary shape between type I and type II. iBTX had little effect on the total outward current in type I cells, while 4-AP almost completely blocked it. Most of the total outward current in type II cells was inhibited by iBTX, and the remaining was sensitive to 4-AP. In type III cells, the total outward current was sensitive to both iBTX and 4-AP. Acute hypoxia reduced the current in all three types of cells: (1614.8+/-62.5) pA to (892.4+/-33.6) pA for type I cells (P<0.01); (438.3+/-42.8) pA to (277.5+/-44.7) pA for type II cells (P<0.01); (1 042.0+/-37.2) pA to (613.6+/-23.8) pA for type III (P<0.01), and raised the resting membrane potentials (E(m)) in all these three types of cells: (-41.6+/-1.6) mV to (-18.6+/-1.5) mV (P<0.01), (-42.3+/-3.8) mV to (-30.6+/-3.0) mV (P<0.01), (-43.3+/-1.6) mV to (-28.4+/-1.4) mV (P<0.01), for type I, II, III cells, respectively. These results suggest that acute hypoxia suppresses the potassium current and improves the E(m) in PASMCs. These effects may be involved in the modulation of constriction/relaxation of conduit artery under acute hypoxia. Different distribution of K(DR) and BK(Ca) channels in these three types of PASMCs might account for their different constriction/relaxation response to acute hypoxia.