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Objective To investigate the treatment experience of rectal cancer patients with excessively extended surgery after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. Methods Seven cases of rectal cancer patients admitted to our hospital from 2014 to 2016 with excessively extended surgical intervention (6 to 13 months) after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy were included in the present study. All of the patients were treated with radical surgery, and the operation effect and postoperative complications were observed. Results Three patients underwent anterior resection of the rectum (Dixon), including 2 cases of anastomotic leakage; 3 cases occurred intestinal rupture during operation, 1 of them complicated with postoperative pelvic abscess; there were 4 cases complicated with incision infection or liquefaction. No presacral venous plexus hemorrhage occurred. Conclusion Excessively extended surgery after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy increases the difficulty of operations and the occurrence of postoperative complications in patients with rectal cancer. DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2018.01.12