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Objective: To select and use aptamers as molecular recognition elements to construct a biosensor based on the salt effect of gold nanoparticles for the rapid quantitative detection of staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA). Methods: Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation were used to truncate the SEA aptamer and predict the results. The simulation results were verified colorimetrically using gold nanoparticles. The optimal SEA aptamer was used as the molecular recognition element. The reaction system was optimized, the relationship between SEA mass concentration and absorbance ratio was explored, and the accuracy, precision and specificity of the developed method were evaluated. Results: An SEA aptamer with short sequence, high affinity, strong specificity and stability was selected. This method was characterized by low limit of detection (LOD) and satisfactory recoveries for spiked samples. Conclusion: Molecular simulation can effectively improve the screening efficiency of aptamers, and the proposed method can be used for rapid detection of SEA.

Hainanmycin sodium is a new type of monobasic acid polyether antibiotics, which has been widely used in chicken, cattle and sheep and other animal feeds, and it is mainly used to prevent coccidiosis and regulate growth metabolism. The color reaction between hainanmycin and derivative can be detected by UV spectrophotometry. The results showed that the derivatives of p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde and vanillin had the maximum UV absorption at 595 nm and 590 nm, respectively, and hainanmycin had the lowest detection limit after vanillin derivatization. When the derivative agent was composed of 4% vanillin (g/100 mL), 20% hydrochloric acid and 80% anhydrous ethanol, the derivative reaction with hainanmycin solution was carried out at 90 ℃ for 5 min at the volume ratio of 4∶6 (V∶V), and the color effect was the best after derivatization. Hainanmycin showed a linear relationship with the absorbance in the concentration range of 5~50 μg / mL, and the R2 (Coefficient of determination) was 0.993. This method could quantify the hainanmycin content in the premix and feed. The limit of quantification was 4.8 mg/kg in feed, and the recoveries of hainanmycin in feed and premix were 74.5%~93.8% and 83.2%~101.3%, respectively. It can be used as an effective method for the detection of hainanmycin in feed and premix.

In order to establish a method for the determination of anthocyanins in health foods, thin-layer chromatography (TLC) was used for qualitative identification of anthocyanins, and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used for quantitative detection of anthocyanins. The results showed that the suitable conditions for TLC identification were developing agent: V(formic acid)∶V(water-n)∶V(butanol)= 9.1∶8.4∶32.5, spotting amount: 2 μL. Anthocyanin was detected at 4.361~52.332 μg/mL (R2 =0.999 5). The internal linear relationship is good, with the average sample recovery rate is 98.22% (RSD=1.23%, n=6), and the precision, repeatability and stability are good. Experiments show that the established thin-layer identification method for anthocyanins is stable and feasible.

Objective To investigate the effect of Notch signaling pathways on differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells(ESC) into haematopoietic stem or progenitor cells(HSC/HPC). Methods 1)incubate mouse embryoid body cells and divide the embryonic stem cells into five groups as EB group,control group,Jagged-1 group, DAPT group and Jagged-1-DAPT group. 2)detect the phenotype of HSC/HPC by flow cytometry. 3)The expression of Notch signaling pathway, mouse embryonic stem cell phenotype and HSC/HPC phenotype were detected by RT-PCR. Results 1)the number of embryonic stem cells in Jagged-1 group was significantly more than that in control group and Jagged-DAPT group(P＜0.05);2)the number of HSC/HPC in Jagged-1-DAPT group was significantly more than that in control group and in Jagged-1 group(P＜0.05); 3)the expression of Notch1, Notch2 and Notch4 mRNA in Jagged-1 group was significantly higher than that in control group(P＜0.05), 4)the expression of Notch1 and Notch4 mRNA in DAPT group and Jagged-1-DAPT group was lower than that in control group(P＜0.05). Conclusions Jagged-1 activation of Notch signaling pathway potentially inhibits ESC differentiation into HSC/HPC in mice model.

The experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of different additive amounts of complex microbial preparations on fermentation quality of sorghum straw. Five treatment groups were set up in study. Group CK was not added with silage, and group A, group B, group C and group D were added with 0.1, 0.2, 0.5 and 1.0 mL/kg compound microbial agents to ferment sorghum straw, respectively. The silage was kept in the cellar at room temperature (13 °C) for 50 d after opening the bag, and the nutrient composition, sensory evaluation, fermentation quality, aerobic stability, mycotoxin content and rumen digestibility were evaluated. The results showed that the content of dry matter and crude protein in all additive treatment groups were significantly higher than those in CK group (P<0.05), and the crude protein in group C (5.18%) was the highest, which were 32.14% higher than those in CK group, respectively. The content of neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber and soluble carbohydrate in all treatment groups showed a decreasing trend. The pH value, ammoniacal nitrogen/total nitrogen in treatment group was significantly lower than that in the CK group (P<0.05), the lactic acid content was significantly higher than CK group (P<0.05). The aerobic stability of all treatment groups was better than that of CK group (P<0.05), and the mycotoxin content of all treatment groups was significantly lower than that of CK group (P<0.05). The digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber in all treatment groups was higher than that in CK group. The experiment indicates that compound microbial agents can improve the nutritional value, fermentation quality and ruminal degradation rate of sorghum straw silage, and the effect of adding 0.5 mL/kg compound bacterial additive is better. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the effects of tenuigenin (TEN) on expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and its receptor tyrosine protein kinase B (TrkB) in the hippocampal CA1 region of Alzheimer's disease (AD) model rats. Methods Sixty male Wistar rats were divided randomly into 4 groups: the control group, the model group, 12.50 mg/ml TEN group and 37.50 mg/ml TEN group. AD model rats were made by injecting ibotenic acid into Meynert basal nuclei of aging rats induced by D-galactose. The expressions of BDNF and its receptor TrkB in the hippocampal CA1 region were measured by immunohistochemistry method. Results The positive expressions of BDNF and TrkB were pale brown and mainly in neuronal cell membrane of the hippocampal CA1 region measured by immunohistochemistry method. The average absorbance values of BDNF and its receptor TrkB in the control group were 0.47 ± 0.02 and 0.46 ± 0.05, while in the model group were 0.30 ± 0.02 and 0.21 ± 0.07 which were significantly lower than that of the control group (P = 0.000, for all). The average absorbance values of BDNF and its receptor TrkB in 12.50 mg/ml TEN group were 0.35 ± 0.05 and 0.32 ± 0.07, which were significantly higher than that of the model group (P = 0.000, for all) and 37.50 mg/ml TEN group were 0.43 ± 0.05 and 0.37 ± 0.03, which were significantly higher than that of the model group (P = 0.000, for all). The average absorbance values of BDNF and its receptor TrkB in 37.50 mg/ml TEN group increased significantly than that in 12.50 mg/ml TEN group (P = 0.000). Conclusions TEN can dose-dependently increase BDNF and its receptor TrkB expression in the hippocampal CA1 region of Alzheimer's disease model rats, which may partly explain the beneficial effects of TEN on cognitive function. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2014.05.011

Due to the barrel effect of heterogeneous Spark clusters, unreasonable parallelism leads to poor adaptation of task allocation to the power of workers, which affects cluster computational efficiency and resource utilization. Aiming at this issue, the node resource models are firstly established, the coupling relationships among data distribution, parallelism parameters and task allocation are analyzed, and the optimization objective of the algorithm is proposed. The data skew correction scheduling strategy DSCS for heterogeneous Spark cluster is designed, which includes the parallelism prediction algorithm, data skew correction algorithm and heterogeneous task allocation algorithm. The prediction algorithm sets the parallelism degree in advance, the data skew correction algorithm performs data re-partitioning and parallelism correction according to the statistical information of the first stage, and the heterogeneous task allocation algorithm reasonably allocates the tasks to the workers according to their computing capabilities in the heterogeneous cluster, so as to improve the adaptability of data volume and worker's power and optimize the overall performance of Spark cluster. The experimental results show that the algorithm achieves performance improvement under different job types and dataset conditions, and can effectively reduce the probability of spill to the external storage of workers [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Food Safety & Quality is the property of Journal of Food Safety & Quality Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Food Safety & Quality is the property of Journal of Food Safety & Quality Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

To study the effect of early continuous blood purification (CBP) on the prognosis of children with septic shock. Methods A prospective analysis was performed for the children with septic shock who did not reach the 6-hour initial recovery target and/or had a fluid overload of >10%. According to the treatment time of CBP, they were divided into an early group with 30 children and a conventional group with 28 children. The two groups were compared in terms of the start time of CBP and 28-day mortality rate, as well as the related indexes in the children who were cured. Results The early group had a significantly earlier start time of CBP than the conventional group (P<0.05). There were 25 children cured in the early group and 22 cured in the conventional group, and there was no significant difference in 28-day mortality rate between the two groups (P>0.05). The children who were cured in the early group had significantly shorter correction time of lactic acid, urine volume, and fluid overload than those in the conventional group (P<0.05). The children who were cured in both groups had significant reductions in the percentages of T-lymphocyte subsets at the beginning (P<0.05); on reexamination on day 7, the percentages of T-lymphocyte subsets were increased and were higher in the early group than in the conventional group (P<0.05). The children who were cured in the early group had significantly shorter duration of CBP treatment, duration of mechanical ventilation, and length of stay in the PICU than those in the conventional group (P<0.05). Conclusions For children with septic shock who do not reach the 6-hour initial recovery target and/or have a fluid overload of >10%, early CBP treatment can quickly control the disease, shorten the course of disease, and accelerate immune reconstruction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the temperature range from 293 K to 393 K, the polyethylene molecular structure had been studied by onedimensional infrared spectroscopy, second derivative infrared spectroscopy, fourth derivative infrared spectroscopy and deconvolution infrared spectroscopy. The polyethylene CH2 scissoring bond vibration (δCH2) was researched by twodimensional infrared spectroscopy. The ordered crystalline region, disordered amorphous region and crystal/amorphous interfacial region were found also. Two-dimensional infrared spectroscopy of polyethylene was studied to determine the sequence of intensity changes. It had been found that the sequence of intensity changes was 1 457 cm-1 (δ(CH2)amorphous) >1 468 cm-1(δ(CH2) interfacial region) > 1 462 cm-1 (δ(CH2) crystalline) > 1 473 cm -1 (δ(CH2) crystalline). The study demonstrated the key roles of two-dimensional infrared spectroscopy in the analysis of thermal denaturation of the polymer materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pre-eclampsia is a pregnancy-specific disease, which is chararized by hypertension and proteinuria, and may be accompanied by multiple organ damages. Because its etiology is unknown, and except for termination of pregnancy, there are no effective treatments, pre-eclampsia is the main cause of maternal mortality. The pathogenesis of pre-eclampsia has not been expounded. In recent years, the development of epigenetic, especially the study of DNA methylation, provides a new perspective for the diagnosis and treatment of preeclampsia. The study found that many important functional abnormalities of whole genome methylation and aberrant CpG island methylation related to gene expression in pre-eclampsia abnormalities, presumably occurs indirectly involved in pre-eclampsia. This paper summanizes of the research status and advances of gene DNA methylation in pre-eclampsia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the effects of tenuigenin (TEN) on expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and its receptor tyrosine protein kinase B (TrkB) in the hippocampal CA1 region of Alzheimer's disease (AD) model rats. Methods Sixty male Wistar rats were divided randomly into 4 groups: the control group, the model group, 12.50 mg/ml TEN group and 37.50 mg/ml TEN group. AD model rats were made by injecting ibotenic acid into Meynert basal nuclei of aging rats induced by D-galactose. The expressions of BDNF and its receptor TrkB in the hippocampal CA1 region were measured by immunohistochemistry method. Results The positive expressions of BDNF and TrkB were pale brown and mainly in neuronal cell membrane of the hippocampal CA1 region measured by immunohistochemistry method. The average absorbance values of BDNF and its receptor TrkB in the control group were 0.47 ± 0.02 and 0.46 ± 0.05, while in the model group were 0.30 ± 0.02 and 0.21 ± 0.07 which were significantly lower than that of the control group (P = 0.000, for all). The average absorbance values of BDNF and its receptor TrkB in 12.50 mg/ml TEN group were 0.35 ± 0.05 and 0.32 ± 0.07, which were significantly higher than that of the model group (P = 0.000, for all) and 37.50 mg/ml TEN group were 0.43 ± 0.05 and 0.37 ± 0.03, which were significantly higher than that of the model group (P = 0.000, for all). The average absorbance values of BDNF and its receptor TrkB in 37.50 mg/ml TEN group increased significantly than that in 12.50 mg/ml TEN group (P = 0.000). Conclusions TEN can dose-dependently increase BDNF and its receptor TrkB expression in the hippocampal CA1 region of Alzheimer's disease model rats, which may partly explain the beneficial effects of TEN on cognitive function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zhao Huanguang is one of the royalty descendants of Song Dynasty. His story of burying his father and his reclusion in Hanshan for decades leaves abundant historical and cultural heritage, which provides new approach and new clue to studying Tai Lake Culture. The profound background of Zhao's origin and his reclusion serves as a culture landmark which can help analyze and explain a lot of puzzles like the similarities and differences between the cultures in Wu District and in Yue District. As we know, harmony between man and nature is an important core of Chinese traditional culture which advocates man should love nature and stand in awe of nature. This thought marks human society's rethinking on modern civilization and identification with traditional culture. Thus, Tai Lake District will become a culture landmark with more extensive sense in the new historical circumstances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A set of self-developed thermal contact conductance (TCC) coefficient experimental system was employed in the experiments on the TCC coefficient between cast aluminum and 5CrMnMo die steel, and between extruded aluminum alloy and 5CrMnMo die steel. The changing tendency of TCC coefficient, in accordance with interfacial temperature and contact pressure between aluminum alloy and 5CrMnMo die steel is analyzed. It is found that TCC coefficient is not directly in proportion to interfacial temperature, but is roughly in proportion to contact pressure index. Besides, when they are in the same contact condition and measuring condition, the TCC coefficient between cast aluminum and 5CrMnMo die steel is generally, smaller than that of the extruded aluminum alloy [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper attempts to throw some light upon the origin and their line of evolution of the ancient official letters, the Chinese date-designation system through a textual analysis of the said letter inscribed on the bamboo slips in the Han Dynasty. Official letters in the Han Dynasty could be written by officials of lower ranks to their superiors, or they could be appeals or plaints from civilians for the local authorities, which were mostly the cases between the Three Kingdoms and the Northern and Southern Dynasties. In the Tang Dynasty, however, these letters were restricted' to subordinates writing to their superiors while for appeals from civilians, new forms of document were developed. Between the Song and Yuan Dynasties, this ancient form of letter-writing began to evolve into different kinds for particular uses. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the official letters were reduced to three kinds: those written to superiors, those to colleagues and from civilians. This paper also has a discussion of the following: the origin of Heavenly Stems and Early Branches; instances of heavenly stem used for date-designation in the Xia Dynasty; the rules governing the combination of Stems with Branches; and the jiazi table in the reign of Emperor Wujia of the Shang Dynasty (1600-1046BC). With the passage of time this combination was more systematically applied and later developed into an established system of designated days, months, seasons and years with different combinations of stems and branches. A given date can be also indicated by a particular combination of a stem and a branch, and such a combination also serves to name a date. According to the ancient Chinese time-measurement system, a shichen (double-hours, or the equivalent of 2 hour) could be divided into four time units: (1)a given shichen; (2)a point at which 2 shichen divides; (3)the middle point within a shichen; and (4)time after a shichen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After on-the-spot investigations of the ancient zinc-smelting sites and the extant Chinese traditional zinc-smelting technology in Yunnan and Guizhou, and the research of the relevant historical literature, the author has concluded that: (i)Zinc in ancient China was originally called wo yuan ... because it was obtained from the pocket of the zinc-smelting retort at the end of its smelting processes. Another name wo yuan ... came from the term for lead because of the confusion between the names of lead and zinc in ancient China. The original meaning of wo yuan ... was lead. (ii) Wo yuan bai shui yuan ... is not zinc but a combination of two terms for lead. (iii) Chinese traditional zinc-smelting technology, beginning in the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty (the 16th century AD), originated from the ancient cementation brass method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2014.08.021

Objective: To explore prevalence, risk factors and treatment of ankle sprain of young college student , in order to obtain accurate epidemiological data., Methods: From March 2019 to May 2019, 552 college students(1 104 sides of anke joints) from Xi'an Physical Education university were enrolled in study according to inclusion and excludion standard, including 309 males and 243 females aged from 16 to 24 years old with an average of (20.9±3.7) years old. Age, gender, and body mass indes(BMI) etc were recorded. Morbidity of acute and chronic ankle sprains of physical students, treatment after the first sprain (cold compress, cast or plaster bracing and medicine), visual analogue scale (VAS) during walking were assessed through ankle sprain questionnaire;Cumberland ankle instability tool (CAIT), Maryland foot score were applied to assess ankle function. Lateral ankle ligament injury was objectively assessed by musculoskeletal ultrasonography., Results: The prevalence of acute ankle sprain(AAS) was 96.20% (531/552), and the incidence of AAS was 59.96% (622/1 104). The prevalence of chronic ankle joint instability(CAI) was 16.85% (93/552), and the incidence of CAI was 8.97% (99/1 104). In the four categories of sports, college student suffered from multiple sprains in performance majors group was 22.20% (14/63), including of aerobicsand dance performance. The incidence of AAS of ball sports was 8.60%(14/163). After the first sprain, most college students(94.4%) were received cold compression, about 60% of them went to hospital;however, only 44.7% students were received standard treatmens(cast or plaster), only 35.3% of them were received hard ankle orthosis. In 552 college students, 44 students were suffered from more than 4 times of ankle sprain, and the total incidence was 7.97% (44/552). Cumberland score was 26.6±2.4, Cumberland score of students sprained ankle joint more than 4 times was (29.2±1.1), suggested it was a risk factor for ankle joint instability. VAS of students sprained ankle joint more than 4 times was higher than that of less than 4 times( P <0.05), Maryland foot score was significantly lower than that of that of <4 times( P <0.05). Musculoskeletal ultrasonography measured the thickness of anterior tibiofibular ligament(ATFL) was (2.41±0.41) mm, and the thickness of calcaneofibular ligament(CFL) was (1.92±0.21) mm, and had no statistical difference( P >0.05)., Conclusion: Ninty-four percent college students had at least once ankle sprain, ankle sprains were more common in erobics and ball sports. After the first sprain, the proportion of cast or plaster treatment was less than 50%. Sprained ankle joint more than 4 times is a risk factor, and musculoskeletal ultrasonography showed thickening of both ATFL and CFL, while no statstical difference.

This study aimed to explore the action targets and mechanisms of Polygala tenuifolia and Acorus tatarinowii in treating Alzheimer's disease(AD) based on network pharmacology, molecular docking, and animal tests. The AD-related targets were collec-ted from GeneCard and the main active ingredients and targets of P. tenuifolia and A. tatarinowii from the TCMSP. Cytoscape was applied to construct the &quot;Chinese herb-active ingredient-target-disease&quot; network, followed by the construction of protein-protein interaction(PPI) network using STRING. GO biological function and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis was performed by DAVID and Metascape. The main active components of P. tenuifolia and A. tatarinowii and their potential core targets were docking using AutoDock Vina. The effects of P. tenuifolia and A. tatarinowii on the cognitive function were verified in mice with scopolamine(SCOP)-induced cognitive impairment. A total of seven active ingredients including kaempferol, onjixanthone Ⅰ, and marmesin and 56 potential targets of P. tenuifolia and A. tatarinowii were screened out, with the core targets covering AKT1, PTGS2, TNF, and NF-κB inflammation pathway mainly involved. The results of molecular docking also showed that the main active components of P. tenuifolia and A. tatarinowii stably bond to the core targets predicted by network pharmacology. The new object recognition experiment suggested that P. tenuifolia and A. tatarinowii improved the learning and memory abilities of mice after SCOP induction. As revealed by pathological section observation and relevant kit assay, P. tenuifolia and A. tatarinowii reduced the damage of central cholinergic neurons and enhanced the antioxidant ability of SCOP-induced mice. Western blot confirmed that P. tenuifolia and A. tatarinowii down-regulated the protein expression levels of TLR4, NF-κB, and related inflammatory factors(TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6). All these have suggested that P. tenuifolia and A. tatarinowii inhibits AD via multiple components, multiple targets, and multiple pathways, which has provided an experimental basis for the clinical application of P. tenuifolia and A. tatarinowii for the treatment of AD.

Objective: To explore associations of hyperlipidemia and its subtypes with blood lead levels in community older adults., Methods: From June to September, 2016, a rural and an urban community in Lu&apos;an City, Anhui Province were randomly selected. Older adults aged 60 years old or over in two communities were recruited to participate, receiving a questionnaire interview(including gender, age, region, education, occupation, marital status, lifestyle, and chronic medical history, etc. ), physical examinations(height, weight, and blood pressure) and laboratory tests(blood glucose, blood lipid, and blood lead levels). A total of 1080 older adults volunteered to participate, of which 1008 had completedata. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry was used to measure concentrations of blood lead. The interquartile range was used to divide the distribution of lead in blood. Logistic regression model was used to examine associations of hyperlipidemia and its subtypes with blood lead levels. Restrictive cubic splineswere used to further determine potential dose-response relationships., Results: Of 1008 older adults, the mean age was(71.9±6.5) years old, 459(45.5%)were male, and 557(55.3%) were from the rural community. The prevalence of hyperlipidemia was 51.2%(n=516). The detection rate and geometric mean of blood lead were 100% and 28.08 μg/L(ranged from 7.89 to 278.33 μg/L), respectively. Univariate analysis showed that older adults in the highest quartile group of blood lead(≥75%) had higher odds of hyperlipidemia(OR=1.42, 95%CI 1.00-2.02) and two subtypes(high total serum cholesterol(OR=1.83, 95%CI 1.25-2.68)and mixed hyperlipidemia(OR=1.49, 95%CI 0.83-2.67)) compared to counterparties in the lowest quartile group(≤25%). After adjustment for gender, age, region, education, occupation, marital status, smoking, drinking, exercise conditions, diet, high blood pressure, diabetes, and body mass index, the ORs for hyperlipidemia and mixed hyperlipidemia in the highest quartile group of blood lead were 1.55(95%CI 1.02-2.36) and 2.87(95%CI 1.44-5.70). The restricted cubic spline curves showed approximate linear relationships between blood lead levels and ORs of hyperlipidemia and mixed hyperlipidemia., Conclusion: Linear associations of blood lead levels with hyperlipidemia and mixed hyperlipidemia were found in community older adults.

Objective: To compare the efficacy of scalp acupuncture combined with lower-limb intelligent feedback training and lower-limb intelligent feedback training alone for lower-limb motor dysfunction after stroke., Methods: A total of 154 patients with lower-limb motor dysfunction after stroke were randomly divided into an observation group (76 cases, 6 cases dropped off) and a control group (78 cases, 8 cases dropped off). The patients in both groups were treated with conventional medication and exercise rehabilitation training. In addition, the patients in the observation group were treated with scalp acupuncture combined with lower-limb intelligent feedback training. The scalp acupuncture was given at upper 1/5 of the anterior oblique line of parietal temporal area and upper 1/5 of the posterior oblique line of parietal temporal area. The patients in the control group were treated with lower-limb intelligent feedback training alone. All the treatment was given once a day, 6 days a week, totaling for 8 weeks. The affected-side lower-limb Brunnstrom stage and modified Ashworth scale (MAS) grade, 6-minute walk test (6MWT), Berg balance scale (BBS) score and modified Barthel index (MBI) score were evaluated before and after treatment in the two groups. The plantar pressure was measured by gait function evaluation system., Results: Compared before treatment, the Brunnstrom stage in the two groups was improved after treatment ( P <0.01); the MAS grade in the observation group was improved after treatment ( P <0.01); the Brunnstrom stage and MAS grade in the observation group were superior to those in the control group ( P <0.01, P <0.05). After treatment, the 6MWT, BBS and MBI scores in the two groups were increased ( P <0.05), and those in the observation group were higher than those in the control group ( P <0.05). After treatment, the touchdown area of health-side hind foot, affected-side front-hind foot and bilateral full foot in the observation group was increased ( P <0.05), and the touchdown area of affected-side front-hind foot and full foot in the observation group was larger than that in the control group ( P <0.05). The weight-bearing ratio of health-side forefoot and full foot in the observation group was decreased after treatment ( P <0.05), and the weight-bearing ratio of affected-side forefoot, hind foot and full foot was increased after treatment ( P <0.05). The weight-bearing ratio of health-side forefoot and full foot in the observation group was lower than that in the control group ( P <0.05), and the weight-bearing ratio of health-side hind foot, affected-side forefoot and affected-side full foot in the observation group was higher than that in the control group ( P <0.05)., Conclusion: The scalp acupuncture combined with lower-limb intelligent feedback training could reduce the muscle tension of lower limbs, promote the separation movement mode of lower limbs, improve the plantar pressure distribution, and improve the balance ability and walking ability in stroke patients, and the curative effect is better than lower-limb intelligent feedback training alone.

Objective: To investigate the effect and mechanism of hyperin on the improvement of ovarian reserve of tripterygium glycosides (TG)-induced primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) in mice., Methods: Adult female BALB/c mice were used as research subjects and were randomly assigned to the control group, POI model group and hyperin treatment group, with 40 mice in each group. TG was given at 40 mg/kg twice a day by gavage for 2 weeks to create the POI mouse model. Mice in the hyperin treatment group were given hyperin at 75 mg/(kg·d) by gavage for 4 weeks after the model was established. The body mass of the mice was weighed and the gonadal index was calculated. Ovarian histological changes were observed by HE staining, and the number of follicles at all levels was calculated. Serum estradiol (E 2 ), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), anti-mullerian hormone (AMH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were assessed with ELISA. The mRNA and protein levels of nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-related factor 2 (Nrf-2), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), Caspase3, Bcl-2 and Bax in ovarian granulosa cells were measured by RT-qPCR and Western blot. The protein levels of phosphorylated phosphatidylinositol 3-hydroxy kinase (p-PI3K) and phosphorylated protein kinase B (p-Akt) were measured by Western blot. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in granulosa cells were determined by H2DCFDA. The apoptosis of granulosa cells was examined by TUNEL assay., Results: Compared with mice in the POI model group, the body mass and gonadal index of hyperin-treated mice increased (all P <0.05). The pathological damage of the ovary decreased, and the number of follicles at all levels and corpora lutea increased (all P <0.05). Serum E 2 , AMH, SOD and CAT levels increased, and FSH level decreased (all P <0.05). At the molecular level, the expression of Nrf-2, HO-1, p-PI3K, p-Akt and Bcl-2 in ovarian granulosa cells increased, while the expression of Caspase3 and Bax decreased (all P <0.05). ROS level decreased ( P <0.05). TUNEL assay showed reduced apoptosis of granulosa cells ( P <0.05)., Conclusion: Hyperin improved ovarian reserve in TG-induced POI mice through Nrf-2/HO-1antioxidant stress response and the anti-apoptotic effect of PI3K/Akt pathways., (Copyright© by Editorial Board of Journal of Sichuan University (Medical Sciences).)

Objective: To compare the efficacy of interactive scalp acupuncture, scalp acupuncture alone and scalp acupuncture plus cognitive training for cognitive dysfunction after stroke., Methods: A total of 660 patients with cognitive dysfunction after stroke were randomly divided into an interactive scalp acupuncture group (218 cases, 18 cases dropped off), a scalp acupuncture group (220 cases, 20 cases dropped off) and a scalp acupuncture plus cognitive training group (222 cases, 22 cases dropped off). All the patients were treated with routine medication and exercise rehabilitation training. The interactive scalp acupuncture group was treated with scalp acupuncture on the parietal midline, and contralateral anterior parietal temporal oblique line and posterior parietal temporal oblique line at the same time of cognitive training; the scalp acupuncture group was treated with scalp acupuncture alone, and the scalp acupuncture plus cognitive training group was treated with scalp acupuncture and cognitive training in the morning and afternoon respectively. All the treatments were given once a day, 6 times a week for 8 weeks. Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) scale score was used to evaluate the cognitive function before treatment, 4 weeks and 8 weeks into treatment., Results: Compared before treatment, the total score of MoCA was increased after 4-week treatment and 8-week treatment in the three groups ( P <0.01), and the score in the interactive scalp acupuncture group was higher than that in the scalp acupuncture group and the scalp acupuncture plus cognitive training group ( P <0.05, P <0.01). Compared before treatment, each item score of MoCA was increased after 8-week treatment in the three groups ( P <0.01), and the score in the interactive scalp acupuncture group was higher than that in the scalp acupuncture group and the scalp acupuncture plus cognitive training group ( P <0.01). Except for the attention, the remaining items scores of MoCA in the scalp acupuncture plus cognitive training group were higher than those in the scalp acupuncture group ( P <0.01)., Conclusion: The interactive scalp acupuncture could significantly improve the cognitive function in patients with cognitive dysfunction after stroke, and the efficacy is superior to scalp acupuncture alone and scalp acupuncture plus cognitive training.

To study phenylpropanoids from Eleocharis dulcis and their hepatoprotective activities. The compounds were separated and purified from ethyl acetate part by conventional column chromatography and preparative liquid chromatography, and their structures were identified by various spectral techniques. The HL-7702 cells damage model of hepatocytes induced by APAP was used to screen and evaluate the hepatoprotective activities of these compounds. Sixteen compounds were isolated from ethyl acetate part of E. dulcis, and their structures were identified as 6'-(4″-hydroxy-3″-methoxy-phenylpropenyl)-1-(10-methoxy-phenylacetone)-1'-O-β-D-glucopy-ranoside(1), susaroyside A(2), clausenaglycoside B(3), clausenaglycoside C(4), clausenaglycoside D(5), emarginone A(6), emarginone B(7), thoreliin B(8), 4-O-(1',3'-dihydroxypropan-2'-yl)-dihydroconiferyl alcohol 9-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(9), 2-[4-(3-methoxy-1-propenyl)-2-methoxy-phenoxy]-propane-1,3-diol(10), 6'-O-(E-cinnamoyl)-coniferin(11), methyl 3-(2-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-3,4,5,6-tetramethoxyphenyl) propanoate(12), clausenaglycoside A(13), 9-O-(E-cinnamoyl)-coniferin(14), 6'-O-(E-cinnamoyl)-syringin(15), 2'-O-(E-cinnamoyl)-syringin(16). Among them, compound 1 was a new compound. Compounds 2-16 were isolated from this plant for the first time. Among them, compounds 2 and 8 showed certain hepatoprotective activities.

In order to provide rationale for selection of good germplasm in Rubus chingii, main effective medicinal ingredients of green fruit such as gallic acid, ellagic acid, kaempferol-3-rutinoside, astragalin and tiliroside were measured using UPLC for the samples collected from Chun'an county of Zhejiang province, and such parameters as soluble solid contents of ripe fruit of some samples were also measured to study variation among individuals and correlation. It has been found that there were differences among individuals in the contents of gallic acid, ellagic acid, kaempferol-3-rutinoside, astragalin and tiliroside, which ranged from 0.010 2%-0.027 4%, 0.089 5%-0.291 1%, 0.010 5%-0.114 8%, 0.005 8%-0.041 2% and 0.010 9%-0.086 3%, respectively, with a CV of 18.60%, 27.02%, 44.23%, 44.17% and 47.29%, respectively. Gallic acid was positively correlated with ellagic acid, but negatively with kaempferol-3-rutinoside and astragalin significantly. Significantly positive correlation existed between kaempferol-3-rutinoside, astragalin and linden glycoside as well as between ellagic acid and fruit shape index of ripe fruit and between linden glycoside and the content of soluble solids. 51.35% of the individuals had a content of soluble solids more than 15%. Therefore, abundant variations have been found among individuals in effective medicinal ingredients in R. chingii, which shows great potential for selection, but only do 7.61% of the individuals meet the requirement of Chinese pharmacopoeia in terms of the contents of effective medicinal ingredients. Therefore, selection could be first performed in terms of fruit shape index of ripe red fruit, followed by the contents of ellagic acid and kaempferol-3-rutinoside measured. The individuals, in which the contents of effective medicinal ingredients don't meet the requirement of Chinese pharmacopoeia, could be considered for the selection in terms of edible fresh fruit.

Objective: To study the effect of early continuous blood purification (CBP) on the prognosis of children with septic shock., Methods: A prospective analysis was performed for the children with septic shock who did not reach the 6-hour initial recovery target and/or had a fluid overload of >10%. According to the treatment time of CBP, they were divided into an early group with 30 children and a conventional group with 28 children. The two groups were compared in terms of the start time of CBP and 28-day mortality rate, as well as the related indexes in the children who were cured., Results: The early group had a significantly earlier start time of CBP than the conventional group (P<0.05). There were 25 children cured in the early group and 22 cured in the conventional group, and there was no significant difference in 28-day mortality rate between the two groups (P>0.05). The children who were cured in the early group had significantly shorter correction time of lactic acid, urine volume, and fluid overload than those in the conventional group (P<0.05). The children who were cured in both groups had significant reductions in the percentages of T-lymphocyte subsets at the beginning (P<0.05); on reexamination on day 7, the percentages of T-lymphocyte subsets were increased and were higher in the early group than in the conventional group (P<0.05). The children who were cured in the early group had significantly shorter duration of CBP treatment, duration of mechanical ventilation, and length of stay in the PICU than those in the conventional group (P<0.05)., Conclusions: For children with septic shock who do not reach the 6-hour initial recovery target and/or have a fluid overload of >10%, early CBP treatment can quickly control the disease, shorten the course of disease, and accelerate immune reconstruction.

Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic value of abnormal prothrombin (DCP) in Alpha-fetoproteins (AFP)-negative (AFP≤20 ng/mL) hepatocellular carcinoma and the relationship between DCP level and Child-Pugh grade, tumor size, TNM stage as well as differentiation., Methods: The inpatients diagnosed with hepatitis B-related liver disease were collected from June 2016 to December 2017, The diagnostic efficacy of DCP for AFP-negative HCC was analyzed by ROC. Area under the curve ( AUC ), the best cut point, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value were calculated. The relationship between DCP levels and the clinical characteristic of HCC was analyzed., Results: A total of 459 hepatitis B markers positive patients were included, including 136 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma, 173 cases of hepatitis B cirrhosis and 150 cases of chronic hepatitis B. DCP in AFP-negative hepatocellular carcinoma group was significantly higher than that in non-HCC group (CHB and LC) ( P <0.05). The AUC of DCP was 0.858, P <0.05. The optimal cut-off point for the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma was 61 mAU/mL. The corresponding sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value were 72.8%, 88.2%, 61.1% and 89.7%, respectively. In different size of hepatocellular carcinoma, DCP level of those with diameter>3 cm was significantly higher than those with diameter≤3 cm ( P <0.05). In different TNM stages, DCP level in stage Ⅱ and Ⅲ was significantly higher than that in stage Ⅰ ( P <0.05). There was no significant difference of DCP level among different Child-Pugh grades and differentiation ( P >0.05)., Conclusion: DCP has diagnostic value for AFP-negative hepatocellular carcinoma, its level may reflects the degree of tumor progression., (Copyright© by Editorial Board of Journal of Sichuan University (Medical Science Edition).)

Objective: To investigate the age distribution characteristics of intestinal segmented filamentous bacteria (SFB) in children and their relationship with intestinal mucosal immunity., Methods: The fresh feces of 177 children and the ileocecal fluid of 47 children during colonoscopy were collected. The SFB was determined by real-time PCR. The concentration of secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The numbers of interleukin 17A (IL-17A) cells and intraepithelial lymphocytes in the terminal ileum mucosa and the expression of transcription factors associated with the differentiation of T helper (Th) cells, T-box transcription factor (T-bet), forkhead box P3 (FOXP3), and retinoid-related orphan receptor gamma t (ROR-γt), were determined by immunohistochemistry., Results: The positive rate of intestinal SFB in these children was 19.2% (34/177). Trend analysis showed that the positive rate of SFB was correlated with age: the rates for children aged 0-, 1-, 2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, 6-, and 7-15 years were 40%, 47%, 32%, 15%, 12%, 13%, 15% and 4% respectively (P<0.001). The concentration of sIgA in intestinal fluid was significantly higher in SFB-positive children (n=24) than in SFB-negative children (n=23) (P<0.01). The number of intraepithelial lymphocytes in the terminal ileum mucosa and the expression of T-bet, FOXP3, and ROR-γt were not significantly different between the SFB-positive group (n=12) and the SFB-negative group (n=11), but the number of IL-17A cells in the terminal ileum mucosa was significantly lower in the SFB-positive group than in the SFB-negative group (P<0.05)., Conclusions: Intestinal SFB colonization in children is age-related, and the colonization rate is relatively high in children under 3 years old. In SFB-positive children, the secretion of intestinal sIgA is increased, while the number of IL-17A cells in the terminal ileum is reduced.

In this study,mouse models of benign prostatic hyperplasia induced by subcutaneous injection of testosterone propionate was used to investigate the therapeutic effect and mechanism of Urtica hyperborean( UW) extracts on prostate hyperplasia in mice. The effects of UW extracts on prostate index,serum epidermal growth factor( EGF) and dihydrotestosterone( DHT) in model mice were observed,and the EGF and anti-apoptotic factor( Bcl-2) mRNA expression levels were detected as well as pathological changes in prostate tissue. The results showed that the ethyl acetate extraction and alcohol soluble fraction of the UW could significantly reduce the prostate index,reduce the serum DHT and EGF levels( P<0. 01),and significantly decrease the EGF and Bcl-2 mRNA expression( P<0. 01),significantly improved the morphological structure of prostate tissue. The above results confirmed that ethyl acetate extract and alcohol-soluble parts of UW have a good preventive effect on mice prostatic hyperplasia model,and its mechanism may be to reduce androgen levels by regulating polypeptide growth factors and/or inhibiting cell hyperproliferation and promoting apoptosis. This study laid the foundation for the further research on UW.

This paper deals with the application of ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry(UPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS/MS) method to rapidly determine and analyze the chemical constituents of methanol extract of Urtica hyperborea. We employed UPLC YMC-Triart C18(2. 1 mm×100 mm,1. 9 μm) column to UPLC analysis with acetonitrile-water(containing 0. 4% formic acid) in gradient as mobile phase. The flow rate was 0. 3 m L·min-1 gradient elution and column temperature was 30℃; the injection volume was 4 μL. ESI ion source was used to ensure the data collected in anegative ion mode. The chemical components of U. hyperborea were identified through retention time,exact relative molecular mass,cleavage fragments of MS/MS and reported data.The results indicated that a total of 31 compounds were identified,including 8 flavonoids,14 phenolic compounds,8 phenylpropanoids(4 coumarins and 4 lignans),and 1 steroidal compound,13 of which were confirmed by comparison. The UPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS/MS method could rapid identify the chemical components of U. hyperborea. The above compounds were discovered in U. hyperborea for the first time,which could provide theoretical foundation for further research on the basis of the pharmacodynamics of U. hyperborea.

Chrysosplenium nudicaule,Tibetan name " Yajima",is recorded as an effective medicine for the treatment of liver and gallbladder diseases by Tibetan Pharmacopoeia published in the past dynasties,but its traditional efficacy has not yet been investigated by means of modern pharmacological research methods. In this paper,the protective effect of extract of C. nudicaule(ECN) on liver injury in mice was observed by using the mice model of intrahepatic cholestasis(IC) induced by α-naphthyl isothiocyanate(ANIT) and the possible mechanism by which ECN work as the therapeutic agent was discussed. The results showed that the serum levels of AST,ALT,ALP,DBIL,TBIL and TBA of the model mice were notably reduced in dose-dependent manner(P<0. 01,P<0. 05). The activity of SOD and GSH-Px in the liver homogenate of mice was increased,while the content of MDA was decreased(P<0. 01,P<0. 05).Pathological examination of liver in mice showed that ECN could improve the pathological changes of liver tissue in mice. The mRNA expression level of genes related to bile acid metabolism were detected by RT-PCR and the results suggested that ECN could significantly increase the expression of genes such as BSEP,FXR and MRP2(P<0. 01,P<0. 05),meanwhile significantly reduce the expression of CYP7 A1(P<0. 01,P<0. 05). These results confirmed the protective effect of ECN on intrahepatic cholestasis-induced liver injury in mice,and indicated that the mechanism may be related to activating FXR and its target genes,reducing bile acid synthesis and increasing bile acid excretion. This study provides a modern pharmacological basis for the clinical application of Yajima in Tibetan medicine.

Objective: To understand the spatial distribution characteristics of wild feces in schistosomiasis endemic areas of Jiangling County, Hubei Province and further explore the source of infection efficiently, so as to provide the evidence for the development of corresponding monitoring and response technology., Methods: In 2011, the fresh wild feces were investigated every two months in the selected 15 villages by the severity of historical endemic in Jiangling County. The schistosome miracidium hatching method was used to test the schistosome infection of the wild feces. The descriptive analysis and spatial analysis were used for the description of the spatial distribution of the wild feces., Results: Totally 701 wild feces samples were collected with the average density of 0.055 6/100 m 2 , and the positive rate of the wild feces was 11.70% (82/701). The results of the regression analysis showed a positive spatial correlation between the positive rate of wild feces and the rate of human infection, the area with infected Oncomelania hupensis and the number of fenced cattle, and the corrected R 2 of the model was 0.58., Conclusions: The infection rate of wild feces is positively correlated with the rate of human infection, area with infected O. hupensis and number of fenced cattle in space in Jiangling County, so the prevention and control measures could be conducted according to the spatial distribution of the positive wild feces.

Objective: To investigate the effect of atopy on the expression of glucocorticoid receptors in children with bronchiolitis., Methods: ELISA was used to measure the changes in the serum levels of glucocorticoid receptor α (GRα) and glucocorticoid receptor β (GRβ) in the bronchiolitis group (77 children, including 34 children with atopy) and pneumonia group (68 children). Thirty-eight children who were prepared to undergo surgeries for non-infectious diseases and had no atopy or family history of allergic diseases were enrolled as the control group., Results: The bronchiolitis group and the pneumonia group had significant increases in the serum levels of GRα and GRβ compared with the control group (P<0.01), and the bronchiolitis group had significant increases in these levels compared with the pneumonia group (P<0.01). Compared with the control group and the pneumonia group, the bronchiolitis group had a significant increase in the GRα/GRβ ratio (P<0.01). Compared with the control group, the children with or without atopy in the bronchiolitis group had significant increases in the serum levels of GRα and GRβ (P<0.01). The non-atopic children in the bronchiolitis group had a significant increase in the serum level of GRβ compared with the atopic children (P<0.01). The atopic children in the bronchiolitis group had a significant increase in the GRα/GRβ ratio compared with the control group and non-atopic children in the bronchiolitis group (P<0.01)., Conclusions: Children with bronchiolitis have increased serum levels of GRα and GRβ. The children with atopy have an increased GRα/GRβ ratio, suggesting that the atopic children with bronchiolitis are highly sensitive to glucocorticoids.

Objective: To implement a two-level community-based health education pattern of schistosomiasis in residents of endemic areas in marshland and lake regions, so as to explore the suitable pattern of health education under hypo-endemic situation., Methods: Two schistosomiasis endemic villages in Jiangling County, Hubei Province were collected as study areas, and among which, one village was treated as an intervention group, where the two-level community-based health education pattern as well as regular control measures was implemented; the other village was a control group, where only regular control measures were implemented. The awareness rates on schistosomiasis control, the rates of correct behavior and the compliance rates of examination, treatment and chemotherapy of the two groups before and after the intervention were compared., Results: According to the results of the baseline survey in 2014, the awareness rates of schistosomiasis control of the intervention and control groups were 84.00% and 77.45%, respectively, the correct rates of behavior of the two groups were 72.00% and 63.73%, respectively, and the compliance rates of the treatment were 80.36% and 82.28%, respectively, there were no statistically significant differences between all the above rates of the two groups (all P > 0.05). After the intervention of the two-level community-based health education, the correct rates of behavior, and the compliance rates of examination and chemotherapy of the two groups were 92.31% and 80.37%, 95.11% and 82.55%, 84.13% and 63.64%, respectively, and the differences between all the rates above of the two groups were statistically significant (all P < 0.05). When compared to those before intervention, the growing rates of the compliance rates of examination, treatment and chemotherapy of the intervention group were 20.97%, 15.33% and 23.29%, respectively, while those of control group were 14.27%, 4.17%, -3.77%, respectively, the growing rates of the intervention groups were higher than those of the control groups., Conclusions: Through the two-level community-based pattern of health education, the compliance rates of examination and treatment of the residents have improved, and therefore, the pattern is suitable for popularization and application in marshland and lake regions.

This study was designed to investigate inhibitory effects and possible mechanisms of snake venom tripeptide (pENW) on platelet adhesion in order to promote the development of a novel anti-platelet therapy. To study the inhibitory effects of pENW on platelet adhesion, washed platelets pre-incubated with pENW (116.5-466.2 μmol x L(-1)) were used to test the ability of platelet adhesion to fibrinogen. Effect of pENW on fibrin clot retraction was also tested. Effect of pENW on platelets viability was tested by MTT assay. Effect of pENW on reactive-oxygen species (ROS) levels of platelet was studied by flow cytometry assay. Calcium mobilization in Fura-2/AM-loaded platelets was monitored with a spectrofluorimeter. Cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), thromboxane A2 (determined as its metabolite thromboxane B2) were measured using enzyme immunoassay kits. Akt, ERK and p38 phosphorylation were tested by Western blot. The results showed that pENW inhibited platelet adhesion and fibrin clot retraction in a concentration-dependent manner without cytotoxicity. Intracellular cGMP and cAMP in both resting and thrombin-activated platelets were increased by pENW. In addition, pENW attenuated intracellular Ca2+ mobilization and TXA2 production in platelets stimulated by thrombin. As shown by Western blot assay, Akt, ERK and p38 phosphorylation in thrombin-induced platelet were attenuated by pENW. However, inhibitory effects of pENW had nothing to do with ROS. Thus, pENW exhibited a significant inhibition on platelet adhesion to fibrinogen, which means pENW could block the first step of thrombosis as while as retard the more stable clot formation. The mechanisms of pENW on inhibition platelet adhesion might be related to instant regulations, such as protein kinases.

In order to effectively remove the invalid impurities in Tongan injection, optimize the optimal parameters of the impurity removal technology of liquid mixing process, in this paper, taking Tongan injection as the research object, with the contents of celandine alkali, and sinomenine, solids reduction efficiency, and related substances inspection as the evaluation indexes, the removal of impurities and related substances by the combined process of refrigeration, coction and activated carbon adsorption were investigated, the feasibility of the impurity removal method was definited and the process parameters were optimized. The optimized process parameters were as follows: refrigerated for 36 h, boiled for 15 min, activated carbon dosage of 0.3%, temperature 100 degrees C, adsorption time 10 min. It can effectively remove the tannin, and other impurities, thus ensure the quality and safety of products.

Based on the software of Traditional Chinese Medicine Inheritance Support System (TCMISS), the article made analysis on the composition rules of prescriptions dealing with syndrome of deficiency of both qi and blood from National Standard for Chinese Patent Drugs (NSCPD) enacted by Ministry of Public Health of China. First, prescriptions were collected from NSCPD. Second, used integrated data mining methods in TCMISS, including association rules, improved mutual information method, et al. to analyze the medication rules. At last, irregular menstruation, insomnia, consumptive diseases with the same syndrome of deficiency of both qi and blood, were chosen to make comparative analysis on frequency of medicines used, core drug combinations, et al. to better find the similarities and differences of medications rules when confronted with the same syndrome while different diseases. And the similar core drug combinations directly reflected the characters of clinical practices of traditional Chinese medicine, which emphasizes on the treatment based on the syndromes of differentiation, and treating different diseases with the same methods.

Siraitia grosvenorii is a traditional Chinese medicine also as edible food. This study selected six candidate reference genes by real-time quantitative PCR, the expression stability of the candidate reference genes in the different samples was analyzed by using the software and methods of geNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper, Delta CT method and RefFinder, reference genes for S. grosvenorii were selected for the first time. The results showed that 18SrRNA expressed most stable in all samples, was the best reference gene in the genetic analysis. The study has a guiding role for the analysis of gene expression using qRT-PCR methods, providing a suitable reference genes to ensure the results in the study on differential expressed gene in synthesis and biological pathways, also other genes of S. grosvenorii.