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ObjectiveTo investigate the condom use of men who have sex with men （MSM） in Shanghai， the information motivation behavioral skills model （IMB） theory was used to introduce psychosocial factors and study the relevant factors of consistent condom use （CCU） in this population.MethodsA cross-sectional study of 547 MSM in four districts of Shanghai was conducted by snowball sampling. The structural equation model based on psychosocial optimization was constructed and validated using the data collected by structured questionnaires.ResultsAmong the 547 respondents， the proportion of CCU in the past six months was 45.5%. Comparing the fitness of the initial model with that of the adjusted model， we found that the fitness of the adjusted model was good.ConclusionThe proportion of CCU among MSM in Shanghai is relatively low； In addition， information and motivation do not directly affect the CCU of this population； Only behavioral skills have a direct effect on CCU. Finally， social psychological measures should be emphasized for this population， and comprehensive and multi-level strategies should be formulated to control the spread of HIV in this population.

Aimed at the problems of limited application range, single movement scene, inability of climbing, and limited space movement of the multi-terrain movement robot, a novel dual module soft robot with the multi-terrain movement ability is proposed. Each soft module is composed of a four-chamber omnidirectional bending soft pneumatic actuator. By establishing the bending model of the omnidirectional bending soft actuator, the variation law of the omnidirectional bending soft actuator is analyzed. A new rotary movement mode is proposed, which enables the robot to move in a variety of complex environments in the rotary movement mode. A gait control method based on pulse width modulation (PWM) is proposed to make the robot realize the multi-terrain movement function more simply and quickly, and its feasibility is verified by experiments. The experimental results show that the dual modular soft robot based on the four-chamber omnidirectional bending soft actuator can climb vertically along circular pipes, square pipes, and irregular rods (human forearms), and the crawling speed can reach 11.7 mm / s. It can also move rapidly in complex terrain such as flat ground, artificial turf, rugged road surface, and slope, and the crawling speed can reach 14.0 mm/s, which overcomes the shortcomings of the existing pipe climbing robot and multi-terrain movement robot. The modular soft robot can move stably and quickly in a variety of terrain, and has a strong adaptability. It has a potential application value in pipeline detection and complex terrain detection.

Dental anxiety refers to the unique tension, worry and even fear of dental treatment, which may lead to patients refusing to receive treatment and missing the best time for treatment. With the development of bio-psycho-social medical models, psychotherapy has gradually become the optimal treatment for dental anxiety. This article reviewed the etiology, evaluation and psychotherapy of dental anxiety. Research has shown that uncomfortable dental treatment experience is the main cause of dental anxiety, which is commonly assessed using questionnaires in clinical practice. Psychotherapy for dental anxiety is a noninvasive, widely applicable treatment without side effects, mainly including improving the treatment environment and service attitude, behavior therapy, and cognitive therapy, which has been shown to effectively alleviate dental anxiety in patients. However, psychotherapy for dental anxiety is highly demanding for dentists, which hinders its promotion and application. At the same time, the psychotherapeutic mechanism of dental anxiety is not clear and remains to be further elucidated by large-scale and high-quality randomized controlled studies.

In order to develop new solid backfill materials, reduce the cost of backfill mining and improve the efficiency of backfill mining, the compaction characteristics of single material and two or more mixed materials based on gangue were studied in this paper. The macroscopic deformation of the material was analyzed by means of laboratory tests and theoretical calculations, the microstructure and phase composition were characterized by SEM and XRD. In the experiment of gangue particle size gradation optimization, the interaction of maximum particle size and gradation coefficient on compaction deformation was analyzed, and the optimal gradation combination is particle size D=30 mm, grading coefficient n=0.3. In the test of gangue-river sand compaction deformation characteristics, river sand was used to replace the fine gangue, which further improved the anti-deformation ability of the filling aggregate. In the test of solid mixed materials, based on the range and variance analysis in the principle of orthogonal repeated test, the optimal dosage of gangue was 65%, the optimal soil-cement ratio was 2∶3, and the influence of the dosage of gangue on the test results was highly significant. In conclusion, it was determined that the ratio of new solid filling materials was gangue: loess: fly ash =65%∶14%∶21%. In this case, the filling material had the strongest bearing capacity and the lowest filling mining cost.

BackgroundThe key factors affecting the thermal performance of the lead-cooled fast reactor (LFR) annular fuel are very important to improve the core power density of LFR.PurposeThis study aims to analyze those key factors and provide guidance for improving reactor core power density.MethodsFirstly, one quarter thermal analysis model of typical annular fuel element of lead cooled fast reactor was established, followed by the thermal resistance analysis of typical LFR annular fuel element to evaluate the key factors affecting its thermal performance. Secondly, four indicators, i.e., the temperature difference between the coolant outlet inside and outside the channel, the maximum temperature of annular fuel pellet, the position of adiabatic surface and the temperature difference between the inner and outer cladding, were used as evaluation criteria to analyze the influence of various factors on the thermal performance of the annular fuel element.ResultsThe thermal resistance analysis results show that the key factors affecting the thermal performance of LFR annular fuel element are gas gap width, cladding thickness and flow distribution ratio. Evaluation and analysis results indicate that temperature difference of coolant and the maximum temperature of annular fuel pellet can be significantly reduced by increasing the flow distribution ratio whilst slightly increasing the width of the outer gas gap and reducing the width of the inner gas gap can reduce the coolant outlet temperature difference and the average temperature difference between the inner and outer cladding. Changing the cladding thickness has no significant effect on the thermal performance of annular fuel element.ConclusionsStudying the key factors that affect the thermal performance of the LFR annular fuel has importance value for optimal design of the LFR core.

In order to solve the problem of large squeezing deformation control of roadway between two goafs, the panel track-roadway between two goafs in Fenghui coal mine is taken as the engineering background, and the methods of on-site monitoring, theoretical calculation and numerical simulation are comprehensively used.The deformation characteristics of the roadway, the characteristics of the overlying strata structure, the plastic failure modes and stress environment of the surrounding rock under different mining conditions are studied.The squeezing deformation mechanism of the roadway between two goafs is revealed.A combined support design of anchoring and grouting with "strengthening key parts and grouting modified surrounding rock" as the core is proposed.The on-site monitoring results show that the new support design has good control effect on the squeezing deformation of the roadway between two goafs, which can provide reference for the surrounding rock control under similar conditions.

A physical building was set up in the environmental test room to simulate the solar radiation and indoor/outdoor temperature environment in hot summer and cold winter areas. The changes of the temperature field and heat flux of exterior wall under different solar radiation intensities were tested to analyze the impact of solar radiation through the exterior wall on building energy consumption in hot summer and cold winter areas. Results show that with the increase of the solar radiation intensity, the temperature of the external, center and internal surface of the building exterior wall increase. The solar radiation affects the indoor and outdoor heat transfer through affecting the temperature field of the external wall of the building, thus affecting its building energy consumption. In summer, solar radiation is the main factor that determines the cooling load of exterior wall. The heat flux increases with the solar radiation intensity, resulting in an increase of cooling load and an increase in the energy consumption of the building. In winter, the heat flux of the exterior wall decreases with the solar radiation intensity, resulting in a reduction of heat load and a reduction in energy consumption of the building. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ecological compensation plays an important role in maintaining ecosystem services and promoting regional green development. We built a regional horizontal ecological compensation model based on water resources pattern and insurance gain, and which was used to solve the problems of single compensation method and low compensation efficiency. Taking the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region as an example, we analyzed water footprint and water ecological carrying capacity from 2000 to 2019. The compensation subject and object and water footprint compensation amount were determined according to the input cost of ecological protection and allocation factor. Then, the insurance pricing model was introduced to determine ecological insurance premium rate. We calculated insurance compensation, ecological compensation standard and different types of ecosystem service value. Results showed that the whole region was at a state of water ecological deficit, with the agricultural water footprint accounting for 94.5%. From the perspective of the compensation subject and object, Beijing and Tianjin, as the compensation subject, needed to pay 0.402 billion yuan and 0.396 billion yuan (the amount of compensation) to Hebei Province each year. Hebei Province obtained a total of 0.228 billion yuan of ecological insurance with an insurance premium rate of 1.4%, and should receive an average annual ecological compensation standard of 0.81 billion yuan from Beijing and Tianjin. Hydrological regulation was the core ecosystem service in the region, with an average value of 187.974 billion yuan. It was of strategic significance to introduce ecological insurance mechanism to construct horizontal ecological compensation mechanism, improve ecosystem service function, and enhance the value of ecosystem services in the study area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective We aimed to observe the effects of Buyang Huanwu Decoction(BYHWD) on optic tract injury of cerebral ischemia rats and to explore the effective components, core targets, and regulatory mechanism of BYHWD on cerebral ischemia rats' optic tract lesions. Methods A suture occlusion method was adopted to construct a rat model of cerebral ischemia induced by right middle cerebral artery embolization. In total, 24 male SD rats were randomly divided into the sham group, the model group, and the BYHWD group, eight rats in each group. The rats in BYHWD group were intragastrically injected with BYHWD for 30 days(16. 1 g/ kg). Optic tract damage was detected by T2 mapping, and changes in the optical tract microstructure were analyzed by diffusion tensor imaging(DTI) and diffusion tensor tractography( DTT). The active components and targets of BYHWD were collected from the TCMSP, PubMed, and CNKI databases, and the targets of ischemic optic tract injury were screened from the GeneCards, OMIM, DisGeNET, and DrugBank databases. Cytoscape was used to construct an active component- therapeutic target network. A protein-protein interaction(PPI) network was constructed, and protein cluster analysis was performed with the STRING platform. KEGG pathway analysis of core protein clusters was performed based on the Metascape database. Results T2 mapping showed that the rT2 value in the optic tract region was higher in the model group compared with the sham group(P<0. 01). The rT2 value in the optic tract region of the BYHWD group was lower compared with the model group(P<0. 01). The DTI result showed that the rFA value in the optic tract region of both the model group and the BYHWD group were lower(P<0. 01) and the rAD and rRD were higher compared with the sham group(P<0. 01). The rFA value was higher(P<0. 01) and rAD and rRD were lower (P<0. 01) in the BYHWD group compared with the model group. DTT analysis showed that the relative average length and density of nerve fibers in the optic tract region of the model group and BYHWD group were lower(P <0. 05,P <0. 01) compared with the sham group, while the relative average length and density of nerve fibers in the optic tract region of the BYHWD group were higher(P<0. 05, P<0. 01) compared with the model group. In total, 56 active components and 400 potential effective targets related to ischemic optic tract injury were screened from BYHWD. The main active components were Astragaloside IV, paeoniflorin, and ferulic acid. PPI core genes included AKT1, TNF, TP53, CASP3, and JUN. Nine related signaling pathways were obtained by KEGG pathway enrichment analysis of PPI core protein clusters. They regulate a variety of biological processes and molecular functions in neurons, astrocytes, microglia, and oligodendrocytes, mainly involving the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, Toll-like receptor signaling pathway the apoptosis pathway, energy metabolism, and inflammatory factor-related pathways. Conclusion BYHWD can alleviate optic tract nerve injury and promote remodeling of the optic tract ultrastructure after cerebral ischemia in rats. Its effects on ischemic optic tract injury may be mediated by multiple signaling pathways, including the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, the MAPK signaling pathway, and the TNF signaling pathway, affecting neuronal and glial cell functions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objective: Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) lobectomy is generally accepted for patients with lung cancer. The aim of this study is to explore the feasibility of the single-operation-hole thoracoscopic lobectomy in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer., Methods: To review and analyze the single-operation-hole thoracoscopic lobectomy performed in our hospital for 113 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cases from October 2010 to October 2013. The incision for observation was 1.5 cm the eighth intercostal at the rear of the midaxillary line and the incision for operation was 2.0 cm-4.0 cm at the fourth or fifth intercostal of the anterior axillary line. The operations were performed through the single-operation-hole., Results: The operation processes were smooth for all the patients without any operative mortality occurrence. Only in 5 cases was the operation hole expanded because of the occurrence of massive hemorrhage during the operation; 3 patients with postoperative complications underwent thoracoscopic lobectomy again, including 2 cases of delayed hemorrhage and 1 case of chylothorax. The average surgical duration was (178.24±31.17) min, the average blood loss was (213.56±62.38) mL, and the number of lymph nodes dissected was from 5-22. All diagnose were confirmed by pathology after operation. The average length of stay was (8.17±2.93) d. All cases recovered well during the follow-up of (2-38) months, only 5 cases had recurrence or metastasis., Conclusions: The single-operation-hole thomcoscopic lobectomy for lung cancer is safe and feasible, further reducing the trauma, and can be used as a conventional treatment for early- or medium-term NSCLC.

Objective: To study the protective effect of atractylenolide I on immunological liver injury induced by BCG and LPS., Method: Kunming mice were randomly divided into 6 groups: the normal group, the model group, positive control biphenyl group, the atractylenolide I high does group, the atractylenolide I middle dose group and the atractylenolide I low dose group (60, 120, 240 mg x kg(-1)), with 12 mice in each group. Immunological liver injury in mice was induced by BCG and LPS to compared liver index and spleen index and detect content of serum ALT, AST, MDA and GSH-px in serum and NO, iNOS, TNF-alpha in serum and liver homogenate. Liver pathological changes were observed by HE staining., Result: Both of atractylenolide I and biphenyl remarkably decrease the increased live index and spleen index (P < 0.05), improve the histopathological changes in liver and pathological grades of liver tissues and relieve the inflammatory reaction induced by BCG and LPS. They showed a notable effect in improving MDA and GSH-px in serum., Conclusion: Atractylenolide I can obviously protect immunological injury liver a dose-dependent manner within the range of test doses. Its mechanism may be related to release or over expression of inhibitory inflammatory medium such as NO, iNOS and TNF-alpha.