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The paper analyses Ihe new requiremenls of Independenl Colleges when Ihe credil syslem carries oul. The leaching reform requires laboratory conslruclion. Il poinls oul lhal Ihe currenl silualion of laboratories of independenl coUeges can nol meel lhe demands of higher educalion personnel lraining syslem and sludenl developmenl which are required by lhe sociely. Aiming al building needs of lhe modern universily, according lo laboratory conslruclion and managemenl slalue in Jinling CoUege, Nanjing Universily, lhis paper promoles lhe laboratory conslruclion and managemenl' s developmenl. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microplastics (MPs) are widely present in farmland soil as an emerging contaminant. This paper serves as a comprehensive and systematic review of research progress on the characteristics of distribution, abundance, sources, shape, polymer composition, size, and migration of MPs in farmland soils around the world. Moreover, research prospects were also proposed. MPs have been detected in farmland soils around the world, mainly coming from agricultural plastic films, organic fertilizers, sludge, surface runoff, agricultural irrigation, atmospheric deposition, and tire wear particles. The morphology of MPs in soil mainly includes debris, fibers, and films. MPs polymer forms mainly include polyethylene, polypropylene, and polystyrene. Farmland land use significantly affects soil MPs abundance. Additionally, the abundance of MPs increase with the reduction in size. MPs in soil can migrate to deep soil through tillage, leaching, bioturbation, and gravity. Research on soil MPs detection methods, database establishment, safety thresholds, migration and transformation laws, potential ecological health risk assessment, and the construction of prevention and control technology systems should be strengthened in the future. The paper can provide a reference for the risk control and governance of farmland soil MPs pollution.

Objective: To standardize the malaria smear preparations of febrile patients in Chenzhou Prefecture, Hunan Province, so as to provide the technical support for malaria elimination., Methods: According to the Technical Solutions to Eliminate Malaria (2011 edition) , the blood smear preparations of febrile patients from each county, included more than 3% negatives and all positives, were reviewed monthly in 2014. The quality of blood smear manufacture, dyeing, cleanliness and results was reviewed by malaria microscopic examination experts. The data were analyzed with the descriptive epidemiological methods., Results: Totally 231 blood smears were reviewed in 2014 with a reviewed rate of 6.91%. The blood smear production qualified rate was 80.52%, the dyeing pass rate was 84.42%, the cleanliness pass rate was 86.58%, and there were no false detections and no leak detections. The highest blood smear production qualified rate, dyeing pass rate and cleanliness pass rate were found in Guiyang County and Linwu County, with all the rates of 100% respectively. The lowest blood smear production qualified rate and cleanliness pass rate were found in Yizhang County, with the rates of 52.94 % and 70.59% respectively. The lowest blood smear dyeing pass rate was found in Yongxing County with the rate of 63.64%. There were statistically significant differences between Guiyang County and Yizhang County in the production qualified rates and cleanliness pass rates (χ2 = 18.60, 9.73, both P < 0.01). There was a statistically significant difference between Guiyang County and Yongxing County in the dyeing pass rates (χ2 = 11.43, P < 0.01)., Conclusion: Through the review of blood smears, the problems will be timely discovered. Therefore, the blood smear quality should improve, which is helpful for achieving the goal of malaria elimination.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the protective effects of crude polysaccharides from Chroogomphus rutilus on dopaminergic neurons impaired by MPP(+). SH-SY5Y cells were pretreated with crude polysaccharides (200, 400 and 800 μg/mL), and then MPP(+) was added to cell medium. After 48 h of incubation, MTT method was used to detect the survival rate of SH-SY5Y cells damaged by MPP(+). Annexin V-FITC staining and flow cytometry were used to detect apoptotic rate. The results showed that pretreating SH-SY5Y cells with crude polysaccharides (400 and 800 μg/mL) increased the survival rates, and reduced the apoptotic rates of SH-SY5Y cells. To rule out the possibility that crude polysaccharides may decrease actual concentration of MPP(+) by direct binding, we washed off crude polysaccharides before MPP(+) addition. Under this experimental condition, MTT results showed the survival rates of the SH-SY5Y cells were still significantly increased by 800 μg/mL crude polysaccharides pretreatment. These results suggest a protective effect of polysaccharides on the SH-SY5Y cells. Most of this protection is contributed by direct action of polysaccharides on the cells, not by binding with MPP(+). It is indicated that the crude polysaccharides from Chroogomphus rutilus can be developed as a potential drug for Parkinson's disease prevention and treatment in the future.

Objective: To analyze secondary abdominal surgery after Stark cesarean section., Methods: A retrospective analysis of the secondary operation after cesarean section was performed. Group A was Stark cesarean section (n = 89), group B was the longitudinal incision cesarean section (n = 212), and group C was Pfannenstiel incision cesarean section (n = 52). Stark cesarean section was compared with Pfannenstiel incision cesarean section and the longitudinal incision cesarean section in abdominal wall scar healing, adhesion of rectus muscles, peritoneum, omentum, and healing or adhesion of visceral peritoneum., Results: The rate of good abdominal incision healing and slender scar was 86.5% (77/89) in group A, 29.3% (62/212) in group B, and 75.0% (39/52) in group C, respectively. The rate of adhesion of rectus muscles was 25.8% (23/89) in group A, 53.8% (114/212) in group B, and 13.5% (12/89) in group C, respectively. The rate of adhesion of omentum was 13.5% (12/89) in group A, 56.1% (119/212) in group B, and 25.0% (13/52) in group C, respectively. The rate of peritoneal adhesion was 15.7% (14/89) in group A, 46.2% (98/212) in group B, and 11.5% (6/52) in group C, respectively. Only one case in group C the peritoneum was not healed. The rate of adhesion of visceral peritoneum was 15.7% (14/89) in group A, 55.2% (117/212) in group B, and 13.5% (7/52) in group C, respectively. Abdominal wall scar healing, adhesion of rectus muscles, omentum, peritoneum, and visceral peritoneum in group A were all better than group B. The difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). There were no differences between group A and group C (P > 0.05)., Conclusions: The study shows that the Stark cesarean section is better than the longitudinal incision cesarean section in healing of abdominal wall scar, adhesion of rectus muscles, omentum, peritoneum, and visceral peritoneum, but compared with Pfannenstiel incision cesarean section, there is no difference statistically. However, the advantages of the Stark cesarean section lie in short surgical time, few injury, little bleeding, quick recovery, and short hospital stay time, thus it should be further popularized.