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Five metal nano powders of Fe, Cr, Mn, Ni and Ti were mixed by a planetary ball mill, and then three high entropy alloys of FeCrMnNiTi, FeCrMnNiTi0.5 and FeCrMnNi were prepared by vacuum casting technology. In order to investigate the corrosion behaviors of the three kinds of alloys in NaCl solution, the electrochemical workstation was used to measure the open circuit potential, polarization curve and AC impedance of the three alloys in 3.5%(mass fraction) NaCl solution. Furthermore, the microstructure of the corroded alloy was observed by using a metallurgical microscope and a scanning electron microscope. The electrochemical test results showed that when the self - corrosion potential of FeCrMnNiTi alloy was -0.301 V, the self - corrosion potential of FeCrMnNiTi0.5 alloy was -0.443 V. From the observation of corrosion product morphology, FeCrMnNiTi0.5 was dominated by grain boundary corrosion, and the other two alloys were dominated by pitting corrosion. Overall, FeCrMnNiTi had the best corrosion resistance and FeCrMnNiTi0.5 had the worst corrosion resistance. The addition of Ti might cause the alloy lattice distortion.

FeCrMnNiCo, FeCrMnNiCo0.5 and FeCrMnNi alloys were prepared by vacuum melting and casting technology after metal powders was mixed by planetary ball mill. The effects of heat treatment temperature on the microstructures, tensile properties and hardness of three kinds of multi-principal alloys were studied by means of metallographic microscope, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), hardness tester and universal tensile testing machine. The results show that the hardness of FeCrMnNi alloy after heat treatment at 900 ℃ is the highest and the maximum hardness is 380HV. The plasticity of FeCrMnNiCo0.5 alloy is the largest after heat treatment at 700 ℃, and its elongation after fracture is 54.7%. At the same heat treatment temperature, with the increase of Co content, the alloys’ structure is changed from dendritic to honeycomb, and the alloys’ tensile strength is decreased. The hardness of the same alloy is increased with the increase of heat treatment temperature, which may be related to the increase of precipitates after heat treatment, but its tensile strength remains unchanged.

A novel keyed one-way hash function based on chaotic dynamic parameters was presented which combines the advantage of both chaotic system and conventional one-way hash function.In the proposed approach the fixed parameters of conventional hash function is replaced by chaotic dynamic parameters.Compared with the existing chaotic hash func-tions,the new method takes conventional hash function as essential part of iteration instead of using the message blocks directly in chaotic iteration,thus improves the security of hash function and avoids bringing down system performance at the same time.Theoretical and experimental results show that the proposed method has high performance,strong one way property,large key space,sensitivity to initial conditions and chaotic system’s parameters.

Styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer was synthesized by solution sediment polymerization method with BPO as initiator and toluene as solvent. The effect of polymerization temperature, dosage of initiator, ratio of monomer and polymerization time on polymerization was researched in detail. The yield of the copolymer can reach 96. 6% under the conditions of polymerization temperature 80 °C, initiator dosage 0. 7%, molar ratio of styrene to maleic anhydride 1 : 1 and polymerization time 2 h. The structure of the copolymer was confirmed by 13C NMR, IR, GPC and elemental analysis. Also, the thermal stability of the copolymer was tested by TG. Based on the analytical results of HPLC of polymeric residual liquid, elemental analysis and 13C NMR of the copolymer, the structure of styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer is confirmed to be alternating copolymer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the efficacy of a new collagen-hydroxyapatite (COL-HA) composite membrane on bone regeneration of SD rat cranial defects. Methods Four defects were produced in the calvaria of 24 SD rats. The animals were divided into four groups: Empty defects without membrane (group 1); defects covered by COL-HA single-layer dense membranes (group 2); defects covered by COL-HA double-layer membranes (group 3); defects covered by Bio-Gide membranes (group 4). At 2, 4, 8 and 12 weeks after surgery, 6 rats were sacrificed and the following parameters were analyzed: Macroscopic observation, X-ray examination, descriptive histology, regenerate bone quantitative histology. Statistical analysis consisted of generalized linear models/factorial design analysis of variance and LSD-t test was performed. Results Since two weeks after surgery, there were a small amount of bone regenerated in three groups except group 1. At 12 weeks after surgery, the opaque sclerous tissues filled with the defects in three groups, and residual membrane fragments still could be found. X-ray pictures showed the density of regenerate bone in group 3 and group 4 was closed to the original bone and greater than that of group 2. Quantitative analysis of regenerate bone showed that in initial stage, group 4 had more bone regeneration than the other groups (P < 0.05), and at 12 weeks after surgery the differences between group 4 and group 2/group 3 had no statistically significant. Conclusion The COL-HA composite membranes can guide bone regeneration of rat cranial defects. The efficacy of bone regeneration of COL-HA double-layer membrane is superior to COL-HA single-layer dense membrane, because its property is more propitious to the adherence and proliferation of osteoblasts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By using the methods of classic statistics in combining with geo-statistics, this paper analyzed the spatial variability of soil N, P, and K in the main production area of Jingdong chestnut, Qianxi County of Hebei Province. In the study area, the contents of soil total N, P, and K and soil available N and K were lower, but the available P content in topsoil was higher. The soil N, P, and K had a medium variability of distribution, and soil P had the largest coefficient of variation. In topsoil, the distribution of total N and available N fitted Gaussian model, and their spatial variability was mainly affected by structure factors. The distribution of soil total K and available K fitted spherical model and Gaussian model, respectively. The spatial variability of soil total K was co-affected by structure factors and random factors, and had a medium spatial correlation; while the spatial variability of soil available K was mainly affected by structure factors, and had a strong spatial correlation. At county scale, soil N and K contents were higher in the south and northwest than in the middle and northeast, soil total P content was higher in the north, and soil available P content was higher in the south. Soil total N and K had significant positive correlations with soil available N and K; while soil total P had no significant correlation with soil available P. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper studied the multiobjective semidefinite programming with a semidefinite constraint of a matrix function and a multiobjective function. In the sense of weak effective solution, the problems of Lagrange duality and saddle point are discussed under the convexlike condition. An alternative theorem of the system containing a semidefinite constraint of a matrix function is established at first. Duality theorem and saddle point optimality condition for the multiobjective semidefinite programming are then established. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to explore the activity of Codonopsis canescens extract against rheumatoid arthritis(RA) based on the Toll-like receptors(TLRs)/mitogen-activated protein kinases(MAPKs)/nuclear factor kappa B(NF-κB) signaling pathways and its mechanism. The ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight/mass spectrometry(UPLC-Q-TOF-MS) was used to identify the components of C. canescens extract. Forty-eight male SD rats were randomly divided into six groups, namely the normal group, the model group, the methotrexate(MTX) tablet group, and the low, medium, and high-dose C. canescens extract(ZDS-L, ZDS-M, and ZDS-H) groups, with 8 rats in each group. The model of collagen-induced arthritis in rats was induced by injection of bovine type Ⅱ collagen emulsion. MTX(2.5 mg·kg~(-1)), ZDS-L, ZDS-M, and ZDS-H(0.3 g·kg~(-1), 0.6 g·kg~(-1), and 1.2 g·kg~(-1)) were administrated by gavage. Rats in the normal group and the model group received distilled water. MTX was given once every three days for 28 days, and the rest medicines were given once daily for 28 days. Body weight, degree of foot swelling, arthritis index, immune organ index, synovial histopathological changes, and serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), interleukin-1β(IL-1β), and interleukin-6(IL-6) were observed. Protein expressions of TLR2, TLR4, NF-κB p65, p38 MAPK, and p-p38 MAPK in rats were determined by Western blot. Thirty-four main components were identified by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS, including 15 flavonoids, 7 phenylpropanoids, 4 terpenoids, 4 organic acids, 2 esters, and 2 polyalkynes. As compared with the normal group, the body weight of the model group was significantly decreased(P&lt;0.01), and foot swelling(P&lt;0.05, P&lt;0.01), arthritis index(P&lt;0.01), and the immune organ index(P&lt;0.01) were significantly increased. The synovial histopathological injury was obviously observed in the model group. The serum levels of inflammatory factors TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 were significantly increased(P&lt;0.01), and the protein expression levels of TLR2, TLR4, NF-κB p65, p-p38 MAPK/p38 MAPK in the synovial tissue were significantly increased(P&lt;0.01) in the model group. As compared with the model group, the body weights of the ZDS dose groups were increased(P&lt;0.01), and the degree of foot swelling(P&lt;0.01) and the arthritis index were decreased(P&lt;0.05, P&lt;0.01). The immune organ index was decreased(P&lt;0.01) in the ZDS dose groups, and the synovial tissue hyperplasia and inflammatory cell infiltration were alleviated. The serum levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 were significantly decreased(P&lt;0.05, P&lt;0.01), and the protein expression levels of TLR2, TLR4, NF-κB p65, p-p38 MAPK/p38 MAPK were decreased(P&lt;0.05, P&lt;0.01) in the ZDS dose groups. C. canescens extract containing apigenin, tricin, chlorogenic acid, aesculin, ferulic acid, caffeic acid, and oleanolic acid has a good anti-RA effect, and the mechanism may be related to the inhibition of TLRs/MAPKs/NF-κB signaling pathways.

With the acceleration of the aging society, neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD), have become a rapidly growing global health crisis. Recent studies have indicated that microglia-neuron interactions are critical for maintaining homeostasis of the central nervous system. Genome-Wide Association Studies and brain imaging studies have suggested that microglia are activated in early stage of neurodegenerative diseases. Microglia are specialized phagocytes in the brain. The discovery of a new phagocytic pathway, trogocytosis, suggests that there is a close interaction between microglia and surviving neurons. In this review, we summarize the important roles of microglia in neurodegenerative diseases, and further analyze the functions and molecular mechanisms of microglia phagocytosis and trogocytosis.

Objective: To investigate the effect of Rheb1 in the development of mouse megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor cells and its related mechanism., Methods: Rheb1 was specifically knocked-out in the hematopoietic system of Vav1-Cre;Rheb1 fl/fl mice(Rheb1 Δ/Δ mice). Flow cytometry was used to detect the percentage of red blood cells in peripheral blood and erythroid cells in bone marrow in Vav1-Cre;Rheb1 fl/fl mice and control mice. The CFC assay was used to detect the differentiation ability of Rheb1 KO megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor cells and control cells. Real-time fluorescence quantification PCR was used to detect the relative expression of PU.1,GATA-1,GATA-2,CEBPα and CEBPβ of Rheb1 KO megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor cells and control cells. Rapamycin was added to the culture medium, and it was used to detect the changes in cloning ability of megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor cells from wild-type mice in vitro., Results: After Rheb1 was knocked out, the development and stress response ability of megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor cells in mice were weaken and the differentiation ability of megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor cells in vitro was weaken. Moreover, the expression of GATA-1 of megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor cells was decreased. Further, rapamycin could inhibit the differentiative capacity of megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor cells in vitro., Conclusion: Rheb1 can regulate the development of megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor cells probably through the mTOR signaling pathway in mice.

Objective: To investigate the expression level of miR-181b in CD19+ B lymphocytes of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), to analyze the relationship between its expression and the prognosis of CLL patients, and to predict the potential target gene of miR-181b in CLL by using bioinformatics., Methods: Eight-four patients with CLL treated in People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region from June 2013 to June 2018 were selected. and 20 healthy people were selected as control group. RNA was extracted from CD19+B lymphocytes of peripheral blood by magnetic bead sorting, the expression level of miR-181b was detected, and it's expression differences in different IPI groups were analyzed. The correlation between the expression level of miR-181b and PFS of CLL patients also was analyzed. miR-181b target genes were predicted by online database and literatures, and gene annotation analysis and relevant signal pathway analysis were performed for candidate target genes., Results: The expression level of miR-181b in CLL patients was significantly lower than that in control group (P＜0.01); The expression level of miR-181b in the low-risk group was higher than that in high-risk group and extremely high-risk group (P＜0.05), but there was no statistical difference between low-risk group and medium-risk group (P=1.00). The expression level of miR-181b in medium-risk group was higher than that in high-risk group and extremely high-risk group (P＜0.05), but there was no difference between high-risk group and extremely high-risk group (P=1.00). ROC curve results showed that the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.792 (P＜0.01).When the expression level of miR-181b was at the threshold value of 0.279, it showed a better sensitivity (62.9%) and specificity (91.8%). Survival analysis results suggested that compared with the high expression group, the miR-181b low expression group had poor PFS (log rank: P=0.047). Prediction of miR-181b by using the starBase, targetscan and picTar database and its combination with literature reports indicated that CARD11, ZFP36L1, RUNX1, NR4A3, ATP1B1, PUM1 and PLAG1 related with blood diseases, and up-regulated CARD11 and ZFP36L1 participated in lymphoid tumor formation by promoting cell proliferation and inhibiting cell aging., Conclusion: The expression level of miR-181b in CLL group are significantly lower than that in the controls group, and the low expression of miR-181b relates with poor prognosis of CLL patients. Through bioinformatics prediction and combined with literature reports, it is speculated that CARD11 and ZFP36L1 as target genes of miR-181b may be participated in the occurrence and development of CLL. Further experiments are needed to verify this result.

Objective: To explore the value of CpG-oligonucleotide(CpG-ODN) immunostimulatory method in chromosome culture of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells and to compare the differences between related studies at home and abroad, so as to improve the success rate of CLL karyotype culture and the detection rate of abnormal karyo-types., Methods: Bone marrow samples from 82 CLL patients were collected and cultured with phytohemagglutinin (PHA), CpG-oligonucleotide plus interleukin-2 (CpG-ODN DSP30+IL-2) for 72 hours. Chromosomes were prepared and analyzed by conventional cytogenetics (CC). Meanwhile, D13S25, Rb1, ATM, p53 and CSP12 probes were used for interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (iFISH) test. The differences of chromosome culture and iFISH test results between two cell stimulants were compared., Results: The success rate of karyotype culture in PHA and CpG-ODN DSP30+IL-2 immunostimuli (analyzable mitotic t >20) was 90.2% (74 cases), 68.3% (56 cases) respectively, and the detection rate of abnormal karyotype was 13.5% (10 cases) and 46.4% (26 cases), respectively. The success rate of karyotype culture in PHA group was significantly higher than that in CpG-ODN DSP30+IL-2 group (P=0.01). The detection rate of abnormal karyotypes in CpG-ODN DSP30+IL-2 group was significantly higher than that in PHA group, and the difference was statistically significant (P=0.003). The detection rate of abnormal karyotypes in iFISH group was 74.4% (61 cases), which was significantly higher than that in CpG-ODN DSP30+IL-2 group (P=0.000). iFISH detection could verify the abnormalities detected by CC analysis., Conclusion: Application of CpG-ODN DSP30+IL-2 immunostimulation method in culture of CLL cells can enhance the detection rate of abnormal karyotypes, especially the detection of various translocations suggesting poor prognosis.

Objective: This study aims to investigate the clinical visiting and prognosis of schoolchildren in Xi'an after immature permanent tooth trauma and explore the prognostic factors associated with this type of trauma., Methods: Through cluster and simple random sampling surveys, 4 013 pupils in schools from nine districts and four counties in Xi'an were sampled, respectively. All pupils and their parents were requested to complete a questionnaire, and children who had immature permanent tooth trauma answered a separate questionnaire and underwent oral examinations. The data of the survey were analyzed statistically., Results: The amount of valid questionnaire was 3 641. Clinical visiting rate related to immature permanent tooth trauma of Xi'an schoolchildren was low (38.2%). Gender and trauma type were the factors related to clinical visiting for dental trauma concerns. The incidence of poor prognosis was 29.7%. The incidence of poor prognosis of patients with clinical visiting (35.4%) was higher than that of patients without clinical visiting (20.6%)., Conclusions: Clinical visiting rate related to immature permanent tooth trauma in Xi'an schoolchildren is extremely low, and incidence of poor prognosis is high.

Objective: The prevalence rate, distribution, and reasons of immature permanent-tooth trauma in Xi'an were investigated and described, and a scientific basis was provided for the decision-making of health-administration departments., Methods: Through cluster and simple random sampling survey, 4 013 pupils in schools from nine districts and four counties in Xi'an were sampled. All pupils and their parents were requested to complete a questionnaire. Oral examinations were conducted for children who had immature permanent teeth trauma. The number of trauma teeth and teeth were recorded. Survey data were analyzed statistically., Results: The prevalence rate of immature permanent dental trauma was 10.5% in Xi'an. No significant differences were observed between districts and counties (P>0.05). The peak age of permanent dental trauma was at 7-9 years old, and the most was at 8 years old (31.5%). The first reason of trauma was falling down (50.9%), and the second reason was crash (36.0%). The most common trauma teeth were maxillary incisors (75.4%)., Conclusions: The prevalence rate of immature permanent teeth trauma in Xi'an was in the middle of all international levels. Children, who are vulnerable to dental trauma at their age, should be provided with appropriate prevention measures to reduce the incidence of dental trauma.

Objective: To evaluate and compare the clinical efficacy and safety of recombinant human thrombopoietin(rhTPO) and recombinant human interleukin11(rhIL-11) for the treatment of chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia in adult acute myeloid leukaemia patients., Methods: Total of 96 adult acute myeloid leukaemia patients were divided into 3 groups according to randomized controlled method: rhTPO group, rhIL-11 group and control group, 32 cases in each group. The patients in rhTPO group and rhIL-11 received rhTPO of 15000 IU/d and rhIL-11 of 1.5 mg/d, respectively after the standard combined chemotherapy within 24 hours, and patients in control group, received nothing drugs to promote thrombocyte recovery. And rhTPO and rhIL-11 should be stopped when the Plt≥100× 10 9 /L. After chemotherapy, the platelet recovery degree, duration of Plt<50× 10 9 /L, ≥50× 10 9 /L and ≥100× 10 9 /L, the count of infusion thrombocytes, and incidence of adverse reactions all were compared., Results: The duration of Plt<50× 10 9 /L was obviously less than that in control group(P<0.01). The duration of rhIL-11 was less than that in control group, but there was no statistical significance(P>0.05). As compared with that in control group, the Plt count in rhTPO and rhIL-11 groups can faster increase to Plt≥50× 10 9 /L (P<0.01, P<0.05), among them the Plt count in rhTPO group faster increase, but there was no statistical signiticance. As compared with that in control group, the Plt count in rhTPO group and rhIL-11 group can increase to Plt≥100× 10 9 /L (P<0.01), the Plt count in rhTPO group was more obviously increase than that in rhIL-11 group(P<0.05). The count of infusion Plt in rhTPO and rhIL-11 groups was lese than that in control group(P<0.01, P<0.05), and the count of infusion Plt in rhTPO group was less than that in rhIL-11 group(P<0.05). After using rhTPO and rhIL-11, the adverse reactions, such as low fever, induration of injection site, athralgia, nausea and vomiting occured in rhTPO group and rhIL-11 group, but all can be tolerated., Conclusion: Both rhTPO and rhIL-11 can reduce the duration of thrombocytopenia and the amount of infused thrombocyte, promote platelet recovery in the patients with acute myeloid leukaemia after chemotherapy, to decreae the risk of bleeding, and reduce incidence of adverse reactions, both of them can be tolerated by patients, and rhTPO is more advantage than rhIL-11, worthy of clinical popularization and application.

Objective: To investigate the growth inhibitory effect of Imatinib derivative TEB-415 on various multiple myeloma (MM) cell lines, such as U226, H929, RPMI8226, MM1R and MM1S., Methods: TEB-415, a derivative of Imatinib was synthesized by modifying the chemical structure of Imatinib. MM cell lines (U226, H929, RPMI8226, MM1R and MM1S) were treated with TEB-415, Imatini and Bortezomib of various concentrations. Cells were grown for 72 hours and the growth rate was measured by CCK-8 method, cell morphology was observed and the IC50 was calculated., Results: TEB-415 could inhibit H929 and RPMI8226 growth significantly. When the concentration of TEB-415 was <0.1 nmol/L, >50% H929 cells died. The IC50 of Imatinib was 0.123 mol/L while the IC50 of Bortezomib was 0.03 nmol/L. In RPMI8226 cell line, when the concentration of TEB-415 was 11.9 mol/L, more than 50% of cells died. In contrast, when RPMI8266 were treated with Imatinib of the concentration of 12.8 mol/L, cells grew normally., Conclusion: In comparison to Imatinib, TEB-415, a derivative of Imatinib, can kill H929 MM cells much effectively, its effecacy is only inferior to Bortezomib. RPMI8226, an MM cell line is insensitive to Imatinib, but still sensitive to TEB-415 and its growth can be inhibited by TEB-415.

Objective: To investigate the role of Rheb (mTOR activator) in AML development by measuring Rheb expression in bone marrow of adult AML patients and in AML cell line HL-60., Methods: Real-time PCR assay was used to measure the Rheb mRNA expression in 27 AML patients and 29 ITP patients as control. The relationship between Rheb mRNA expression and age, AML subtype, fusion gene, splenomegaly, hepatomegaly and survival of AML patients was analyzed and compared. In addition, HL-60 cell line over-expressing Rheb was established, and the HL-60 cells and HL-60 cells with overexpression of Rheb were treated with Ara-C of different concentrations, the proliferation level was detected by CCK-8 method, and the IC50 was calculated., Results: The mRNA level of Rheb in AML patients was similar to that in ITP patients (control). Interestingly, higher expression of Rheb was associated with better survival and was sensitive to Ara-C treatment. However, the expression level of Rheb was not associated with age, AML subtype, fusion gene, and hepatomegaly of patients. Lower expression level of Rheb was associated with splenomegaly. In vitro analysis of HL-60 line indicated that overexpression of Rheb could increased the cell sensitivity to Ara-C treatment (IC50=0.54 µmol/L) and caused HL-60 cell apoptosis., Conclusion: The lower Rheb expression is a poor prognostic indicator for AML patients, which is associated with AML splenomegaly, the patients and HL-60 cells with low expression of Rheb are insensitive to Ara-C treatment.

Objective: To explore the effect of Scalp acupuncture on serum neuron specific enolase (NSE) and S-100β concentrations, and incidence rates of postoperative delirium (POD) and postoperative cognitive function (POCD) of elderly patients undergoing hip replacement., Methods: Eighty-four patients undergoing scheduled hip replacement under combined spinal-epidural anesthesia (CSEA) were assigned to the control group (group C) and the scalp acupuncture group (group S) according to random digit table, 42 cases in each group. In group S, scalp acupuncture was additionally performed according to International Standardized Scheme for Scalp Acupuncture. Scalp acupuncture was performed during the operation from the MS1 middle line of forehead [1 cun before Shenting (GV24), including Shenting (GV24)] and MS5 middle line of vertex [from Baihui (DU20) to Qianding (DU21), including Baihui (DU20) and Qianding (DU21)]. The operation time and post-operative length of stay were observed. The midazolam dosage, hemorrhage amount, fluid transfusion amount, urine amount, use rates of ephedrine and atropine during the operation were also observed and compared between the two groups. The occurrence rate of POD and POCD at post-operative day 3 (T₁), week 1 (T₂), month 3 (T₃), and month 6 (T₄) were measured. Eighteen patients were randomly selected to collect blood from internal jugular vein before anesthesia t₀), immediately after ending the surgery (t₁), 6 h after operation (t₂), 24 h after operation (t₃), and 48 h after operation (t₄), respectively. Serum levels of NSE and S-100β were correspondingly measured., Results: There was no statistical difference in the operation time, midazolam dosage used during the operation, hemorrhage amount, fluid transfusion amount, urine amount, use rates of ephedrine and atropine (P > 0.05). Compared with group C, the post-operative length of stay was shortened in group S (P < 0.05). The incidence rate of POD and that of POCD at each time point were lower in group S (P < 0.05). The expression level of NSE decreased at t₂, t3, and t₄, and the expression level of S100β also decreased at t₁, t₂, t₃, and t₄(P < 0.05). There was no statistical difference in expression levels of NSE or S100β between the two groups at other time points (P > 0.05)., Conclusion: Scalp acupuncture could attenuate central nervous system lesion and improve POCD of elderly patients undergoing hip replacement.

Objective: To explore the role of PDK1 in T-ALL development through establishing the Notch1-induced T-ALL mouse model by using Mx1-cre; LoxP system to knock-out PDK1., Methods: Cell cycle and apoptosis of leukemic cells were detected by flow cytometry, and relative expression of tumor-related genes and transcription factors of leukemic cells were determined by quantitative real-time PCR., Results: Notch1-induced T-ALL mouse model with inducible knock-out of PDK1 was established successfully. Compared to T-ALL control mouse model, PDK1 knock-out mice showed a significant longer survival time (P<0.01). There was no difference of cell cycle between control and PDK1 knock-out mice, and the apoptosis rate of leukemic cells in PDK1 knock-out mice was higher than that of control mice (P<0.001). PDK1 knock-out resulted in decreased expression of tumor-related genes and transcription factors, such as c-Myc and NF-κB (P<0.01), and increased expression level of P53 (P<0.01)., Conclusion: PDK1 knock-out can inhibit the development of T-ALL, and its mechanism may be the leukemia progression inhibited by regulating the apoptosis and expression of multiple related genes and transcription factors.

The precipitation exiguity and water deficiency are the major factors limiting crop growth in dry farming regions of northern China. Dual-mulching of ridges and furrows, which have been widely concerned both domestically and internationally, could increase the utilization efficiency of precipitation and crop yield. In this paper, we reviewed the concept and model of dual-mulching of ridges and furrows, its supporting farm machinery and implements as well as its ecological effects on soil and crops. Based on the current research progress of cultivation techniques using harvested rainfall in ridge and furrow, priority of future research aspects of the dual-mulching of ridges and furrows were suggested as follows: 1) to establish the suitable ridge-furrow ratios for different crops in different types of dry farming regions of northern China; 2) to pay more attention to the study of coupling effects of soil moisture with temperature, fertility and other factors; 3) to explore better environment-friendly mulching materials; 4) to enhance the research on technical evaluation and popularization, and the design of supporting farm machinery and implements.

Objective: To explore causes of shoulder pain and propose prevention measures in treating acromioclavicular joint dislocation., Methods: From January 2005 to January 2013, 86 patients with acromioclavicular joint dislocation (Tossy III) were treated with hook plate fixation, and were divided into two groups. Bsaed on recovery of shoulder function mostly, the patients who suffered from rest pain, motion pain were named as shoulder pain group, while the patients without pain were named as painless group. In shoulder pain group, there were 21 cases including 15 males and and 6 females ranging the age from 22 to 62 years old with an average of (40.6±11.2) years old. There were 8 cases were on the left side and 13 cases were on the right side. In painless group, there were 65 cases including 36 males and and 29 females ranging the age from 19 to 65 years old with an average of (40.0±11.3) years old. There were 33 cases were on the left side and 32 cases were on the right side. The time from injury to operation ranged from 3 h to 8 d with an average of 34.6 h. Shoulder function of all patients were normal before injuried. Postoperative pain, activity of daily living (ADL), range of motion, deltoid muscle strength were compared. Anteflexion,rear protraction, abduction and upthrow of shoulder joint were also compared. Postoperative complications between two groups were observed and compared., Results: All patients were followed up from 12 to 48 months with an average of 18.5 months. Constant-Murley score were used to evaluate clinical efficacy at the least following up, and 13 cases got an excellent results, 5 moderate, 2 good and 1 poor in shoulder pain group ; while 61 cases were obtained excellent results, 3 moderate and 1 good in painless group. There were significantly differences between two groups in Constant-Murley score and activity of shoulder joint (P<0.05). In shoulder pain group, 3 cases were disconnected, 1 case occurred stress fracture, 9 cases were subacromial impingement syndrome, 5 cases occurred subluxation, 1 case occurred plate breakage and 11 cases were acromioclavicular arthritis., Conclusion: Chosing individual clavicular hook plate, fulfilling anatomic reset, paying attention to the repair of articular capsule ligament, and reducing hook and bone antagonism between stress is the key point of preventing and decreasing postoperative shoulder pain.

Objective: To analyze and evaluate the application of spinning disk confocal microscopy and imaging analysis software in movement and phagocytosis of neutrophils., Methods: Neutrophils were isolated from bone marrow by centrifugation on discontinuous Percoll gradient, and then were stained with PE Gr-1 antibody and mixed with FITC-labeled Zymosan A bioparticles. Multichannel time-lapse videos were captured by using the spinning disk confocal microscopy. The result was analyzed by using volocity and ImageJ software, the parameters associated with movement and phagocytosis of neutrophils were analyzed, including morphological changes, cell tracking, pseudopod dynamics, binding and phagocytosis index., Results: Most neutrophils would be polarized in response to Zymosan particles during a short time. Binding and phagocytosis process occured in forty minutes., Conclusion: A method of precisely quantifying the movement and phagocytosis of neutrophils using microscopic imaging and imaging analysis technique has been set up successfully. Using this method, biological activity and function of neutrophils can be evaluated visually and rapidly. The physiologically rapid response to Zymosan particles can be applied to the neutrophils function research in the future.

Objective: To investigate the expression of ASK1 and PRKCD in the process of monocyte differentiation, and explore their role in functional changes of hypersplenism spleen macrophages (Mφ) in portal hypertension (PH)., Methods: U937 cells were stimulated to differentiate into monocyte/macrophage-like cells by cultivation in PMA and the mRNA expressions of ASK1 and PRKCD were detected by q-PCR and the changes of protein expression were identified by western blot analysis. The secretion of phagocytose related cytokines such as IL-10 and TNF-α were tested by ELISA, and the function of the macrophage-like cells were studied by chicken red blood cell phagocytose test., Results: The expressions of PRKCD and ASK1 mRNA were gradually decreased along with the cell differentiation, while the secretion of TNF-α was increased, IL-10 secretion reached a maximum at 24 h after PAM stimulation, and then gradually fell. The expression of ASK1 and p-ASK1 were rapidly increased compared with the non-stimulated U937 cells, while the expression of PRKCD and p-PRKCD were sightly declined. The phagocytose test show that U937 cells induced with PMA were able to swallow the chicken red blood cell., Conclusion: Up-regulated protein expression of ASK1 and p-ASK1 and down-regulated protein expression of PRKCD and p-PRKCD in the process of PMA induced monocyte differentiation, are consist with the expression changes of splenic macrophage phagocytosis in hypersplenism, which leads to increased activity of Mφ.

Objective: To explore the prognostic significance of early monitoring of BCR-ABL transcript levels and cytogenetic evaluations for chronic myeloid leukemia in chronic phase (CML-CP)., Methods: From July 2007 to May 2012, 56 CML-CP patients received oral imatinib 400 mg/d. The BCR-ABL transcript levels were monitored and cytogenetic examinations performed after 3 and 6 months respectively. The median follow-up time was 48 months., Results: The 3-month BCR-ABL transcript levels ≤ 10% of patients 5-year overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were better than BCR-ABL transcript levels >10% of patients (OS: 100% vs 84.6%, P = 0.011; PFS: 94.6% vs 67.7%, P = 0.045); cytogenetics: Ph(+) ≤ 35 % of patients 5-year OS and PFS better than Ph(+) > 35% of patients (OS: 100% vs 76.2%, P = 0.001; PFS: 95.2% vs 38.1%, P = 0.001); the 6-month BCR-ABL transcripts level ≤ 1% of patients 5-year OS and PFS also better than BCR-ABL transcript levels> 1% of patients (OS: 100% vs 71.4%, P = 0.000; PFS: 95.2% vs 47.6%, P = 0.001); Ph(+) = 0% and Ph(+)> 0% patients, 5-year OS and PFS were significantly different (OS: 100% vs 68.6%, P = 0.000; PFS: 95.3% vs 45.7%, P = 0.000)., Conclusions: Early molecular biology and cytogenetics monitoring have some significance in the prognostic assessment of CML-CP. And individualized treatment strategies should be based upon the monitoring results in conjunctions with comprehensive judgments.

Objective: To explore the effects of parecoxib sodium analgesia on serum concentrations of neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and S-100β and postoperative cognitive function of elderly patients undergoing acute replacement of femoral head., Methods: After the approval of institutional review board and the provision of informed consent, 80 patients over 70 years old, undergoing acute replacement of femoral head under combined spinal and epidural anesthesia and midazolam sedation at Qingdao Municipal Hospital and Qingdao Hiser Medical Center from January 2011 to May 2012, were randomly assigned into control group (group C, n = 40) and parecoxib group (group P, n = 40). In group P, parecoxib sodium 20/40 mg (based on weight 50 kg) was administered via an intravenous injection after admission with 12 hours intervals for six times. In group C, morphine 2/4 mg was given initially. Additional morphine 2 mg was given to maintain the pain visual analog scale (VAS) of 3 points or less in both groups. Primary observation indices: (1) postoperative time and additional amount of morphine; (2) rate of postoperative delirium (POD) and postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) at 3 days, 1 week, 3 months and 6 months postoperation (T1-T4); (3) se rum levels of NSE and S-100β were measured at the timepoints of before analgesia (t0), before anesthesia (t1), end of surgery (t2) and 6 hours, 24 hours, 48 hours postoperation (t3-t5); (4) other serious complications., Results: Compared with group C, the additional amount of morphine, postoperative time, rate of POD and POCD at T1-T4, the level of NSE at t2-t5 and S-100β at t1-t5 were lower in group P (P < 0.05). No other serious complications were observed., Conclusions: Parecoxib sodium analgesia reduces the rate of POD and POCD in elderly patients with neuroprotective effects.

Larp4b is a member of the LARP family, which can interact with RNA and generally stimulate the translation of mRNA. Abnormal expression of Larp4b can be found in leukemia patients in our previous study. This study was purposed to detect the relative expression of Larp4b mRNA in different subpopulations of mouse hematopoietic cells, to construct lentivirus vector containing shLarp4b targeting mouse gene Larp4b and to explore its effects on mouse Lin(-) cells infected with shLarp4b by lentivirus. SF-LV-shLarP4b-EGFP and control vectors were constructed and two-plasmid lentivirus packing system was used to transfect 293T cells. After 48 h and 72 h, lentivirus SF-LV-shLarp4b-EGFP was harvested and was used to infect Lin(-) cells. After 48 h, EGFP(+) cells was sorted by flow cytometry (FCM). Meanwhile, semi-quantitative real time-PCR, AnnexinV-PE/7-AAD staining, PI staining and colony forming cell assay (CFC) were performed to determine the expression of Larp4b and its effect on the proliferation of hematopoietic progenitor cells. The results showed that Larp4b was highly expressed in myeloid cells. SF-LV-shLarp4b-EGFP was successfully constructed according to the restriction endonuclease digestion assay. RT-PCR confirmed that Larp4b was efficiently knockdown in mouse Lin(-) cells. The low expression of Larp4b did not affect the colony forming number, the apoptosis and cell cycle of Lin(-) cells. It is concluded that knockdown of Larp4b in mouse Lin(-) cells do not contribute to the colony forming ability and the growth of Lin(-) cells in vitro. This useful knockdown system will be used to study in vivo Larp4b in future.

mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) is the center for cellular activities. It controls many cell activities via inhibiting apoptosis and promoting cell growth. Rheb can activate mTOR signaling pathway and participate in genesis and development of multiple cancers. This study was purposed to explore the underlying role of Rheb in human myeloid leukemia by using the myeloid leukemia cell lines. Two myeloid leukemia cell lines HL-60 and K562 overexpressing Rheb were established with retrovirus containing Rheb. The mRNA and protein expressions of Rheb were determined by Real-Time PCR and Western blot respectively. Cell proliferation rate was examined by CCK-8 assay and apoptosis rate was analyzed using Annexin V and 7-AAD double-staining. The results showed that Rheb was overexpressed in both HL-60 and K562 cell lines. The Rheb overexpression cell lines were successfully established. It is found that overexpression of Rheb could promote cell growth. Furthermore, the overexpression of Rheb could accelerate cells entering into G2/M phase (P < 0.01), while did not affect the apoptosis. It is concluded that Rheb overexpression promotes myeloid leukemia cell proliferation through accelerating cell cycle progression.

Objective: To investigate leukemia transformation rate in myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and the relationship with quantitative and type of chromosomal abnormality., Methods: This study retrospectively analyzed and rediagnosed 138 MDS patients with complete data, investigated the rate and time of leukemia transformation, and analyzed characteristics of chromosome karyotype of de novo patients., Results: 29 (21.01%) of 138 patients transformed into leukemia, the rate and the median time of leukemia transformation were 21.01% and 8 (3-24) months, respectively, among which, the rate of leukemia transformation in normal karyotype, abnormal karyotype analysis of ≤5 mitotic cells, and >5 mitotic cells in split phase groups were 6.2%, 23.8% and 38.5%, respectively, and median time of which were 17(13-22), 13(5-23), and 7(3-10) months, respectively. Increased trend of leukemia conversion rate along with increased quantity of chromosomal abnormality was observed (χ²=14.185, P＜0.01). Leukemia transformation time negatively correlated with quantity grade of abnormal karyotype (r=-0.631, P<0.01), The leukemia transformation rates in monosomy 7/del 7q, trisomy 8, trisomy 11, complex karyotype and normal karyotype groups were 65.0%, 50.0%, 30.8% and 28.6%, being significantly different (χ²=21.555, P<0.01). Leukemia transformation rate of complex karyotype and monosomy 7/del 7 q was slightly higher than of trisomy 8 and trisomy 11, but both of them were significantly higher than of normal karyotype (χ²=8.054, P=0.005). There were no leukemia transformation cases in del 5q, del 20q, monosomy Y, and trisomy 21 group., Conclusion: With or without abnormal chromosome karyotype, quantity and types of abnormal karyotype had important clinical value to predict leukemia transformation in patients with MDS.

The combination H2O2, or electrical catalytic (EC) system with TiO2 photbcatalytic system for phenol degradation was investigated. The catalytic systems of TiO2/UV, H2O2/UV, TiO2/UV/H2O2 and TiO2/UV/EC were compared to investigate the phenol degradation mechanism and kinetic model. The degradation of phenol in TiO2/UV/H2O2 and TiO2/UV/EC system is more effective than that in TiO2/UV system. With the solution pH of 6, TiO, concentration of 0.2 g.L-1, UV illumination of 2 h, the photocatalysis removal efficiency of phenol reaches to 86%, if the current density of 12 mA.cm-2 is added, the removal efficiency of phenol could reach to 100%. The energy utilization in different catalytic systems was also compared. When phenol is degraded in 15 min, in TiO2/UV/EC system the energy utilization is the highest of 0.0306 g.(kW. h)-1 with the energy consumption of 0.0640 kW.h-1. It indicates that much more energy is used in TiO2/UV/EC system for phenol degradation. During the analysis of intermediate products in different catalysis systems, the first-order kinetic model of phenol degradation and intermediate products such as hydroquinone, catechol and benzoquinone formation were established. The kinetic model is validated the phenol degradation pathway in different catalysis systems, and also indicates the TiO2/UV/EC system could enhance phenol and intermediate products degradation.

Objective: To investigate the frequency of JAK2 V617F gene (hereinafter, the JAK2 gene) mutation in Uyghur patients with chronic myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN) and its relationship with the clinical characteristics, and further compare differences of mutation rates in Han and Uyghur patients., Methods: The allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (AS-PCR) was used to detect the JAK2 mutation in 55 cases of Uyghur and 79 cases of Han bcr-abl negative MPN patients., Results: (1) JAK2 mutation rate was 73.1% (98/134); The mutation rates of polycythemia vera, essential thrombocythemia, idiopathic myelofibrosis were 84.3% (43/51), 69.7% (46/66) and 52.9% (9/17), respectively (P < 0.05). (2) The difference of mutation rate in Han \[78.5% (62/79)\] and Uyghur \[65.5% (36/55)\] patients was not significant (P > 0.05). (3) The patients of JAK2 positive have significantly higher count of blood cells, splenomegaly, thrombosis/bleeding and transformation than those of JAK2 negative ones (P < 0.05), but the clinical features between two ethnic groups were not significant (P > 0.05)., Conclusion: JAK2 gene mutation occurred in the majority of patients with MPN; the mutation rates, clinical features and the complications between Han and Uyghur patients were not significant, which implicated that MPN patients with JAK2 mutation from different regions and ethnics may have the same molecular pathogenesis.

To investigate the influence of bear bile on rat hepatocarcinoma induced by diethylnitrosamine (DEN), a total of 40 rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: normal control group, model group, and two bear bile treatment groups. The rat liver cancer model was induced by breeding with water containing 100 mg x L(-1) DEN for 14 weeks. The rats of the bear bile groups received bear bile powder (200 or 400 mg x kg(-1)) orally 5 times per week for 18 weeks. The general condition and the body weight of rats were examined every day. After 18 weeks the activities of serum alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST) and total bilirubin (TBIL) were detected. Meanwhile, the pathological changes of liver tissues were observed after H&E staining. The expression of proliferative cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and a-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) in liver tissue were detected by immunohistochemical method. After 4 weeks the body weights of rats in normal group were significantly more than that in other groups (P < 0.05); and that in the two bile groups was significantly more than that in the model group. Compared with normal group, the level of serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase and total bilirubin increased significantly in other groups; compared with model group, these two indexes decreased significantly in two bile groups. Hepatocellular carcinoma occurred in all rats except for normal group; there were classic cirrhosis and cancer in model group while there were mild cirrhosis and high differentiation in two bile groups. There were almost no expressions of PCNA and alpha-SMA in normal group while there were high expressions in model group; the two bile groups had some expressions but were inferior to the model group, and alpha-SMA reduced markedly. It indicated that bear bile restrained the development of liver cancer during DEN inducing rat hepatocarcinoma, which may be related to its depressing hepatic stellate cell activation and relieving hepatic lesion and cirrhosis.

Aim: To express Nanog fusion protein in Escherichia coli ( E.coli), and to prepare rabbit anti-mouse polyclonal antibodies to the Nanog fusion protein., Methods: Mouse Nanog gene was amplified from the pNA992 recombinant plasmid and inserted into pET-32a vector to construct a recombinant expression vector pET-32a-Nanog. The recombinant vector was transfected into E.coli BL21 and induced by IPTG to express in them. The acquired Nanog fusion protein was purified with HisTrap affinity column and injected as an antigen into rabbits for preparing polyclonal antibodies. At last, the titer and specificity of the polyclonal antibodies were analyzed with indirect ELISA, Western blotting and immunocytochemical staining, respectively., Results: The recombinant expression vector pET-32a-Nanog was successfully prepared, transfected and induced to obtain the high expression of the Nanog fusion protein in a form of inclusion bodies in E.coli. After purification, its purity was up to 97%. The titer of anti-Nanog antibodies was 1:32 000 in the immunized rabbit serum, and exhibited a high specificity to Nanog protein., Conclusion: The rabbit anti-mouse polyclonal antibodies have been prepared successfully with a high titer and specificity to the Nanog fusion protein.

Objective: To investigate the relationship between 5-HTTLPR and/or DRD4 gene polymorphisms and the accident tendentiousness of drivers., Methods: A case-control study, including 42 patients and 46 controls, were performed using type-A behavior questionnaire and EPQ scale. 5-HTTLPR and DRD4 gene -521 C/T were detected by the PCR-RFLP technique., Results: The scores of type-A behavior questionnaires, such as TH and TH + CH in exposure group were significantly higher than those in control group (P < 0.05). P and N scores of EPQ questionnaires in exposure group were significantly higher than those in control group, and L score in exposure group was significantly lower than that in control group (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). There were significant differences in the frequencies of the genotypes and alleles of 5-HTTLPR gene between the cases and the controls (P < 0.05), but there were no significant differences in the frequencies of the genotypes and alleles of DRD4 gene between the two groups (P > 0.05). In the drivers with the accident tendentiousness, P scores in the cases with homozygous genotypes of the S/S in 5-HTTLPR gene were significantly higher than those in the cases with the genotypes of S/L and L/L in 5-HTTLPR gene (P > 0.05). E scores in subjects with homozygous genotypes of the T/T in DRD4 gene were significantly higher than those in subjects with genotypes of the T/C+C/C in DRD4 gene (P > 0.05)., Conclusion: The driver accident tendentiousness may be associated with 5-HTTLPR gene, but not associated with DRD4 gene. The two genes are associated with the type-A behavior and personality characteristics of drivers with accident tendentiousness. However, 5-HTTLPR and DRD4 gene may not have synergism in these behaviors and personality.

Objective: To investigate the efficacy and safety as well as the effects of lower dose of rituximab on B-lymphocytes, serum immunoglobulin, and platelet glycoprotein-specific antibodies in patients with chronic refractory immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)., Methods: Twenty chronic refractory ITP patients, median age 47 (20 to 60) years old, received intravenous rituximab at the dose of 100mg once weekly for 4 consecutive weeks. Laboratory studies included complete blood cell count, regular monitoring of liver and kidney functions, blood coagulation and serum concentrations of IgG, IgM and IgA. CD3(+), CD4(+), CD8(+), CD19(+), CD20(+) cell numbers were assayed by flow cytometry prior to and following rituximab. Platelet glycoprotein antibodies were detected by ELISA. The detection of indicators were compared by paired T test, with P < 0.05 as statistically significant., Results: There was significant difference of the average platelet count between prior- \[(13 ± 5) × 10(9)/L\] and post-treatment \[(124 ± 106) × 10(9)/L\] with lower dose rituximab (P < 0.01). Reaching PLT peak period was of (24 ± 7) d with median time of 18 d. The responses were of 11(55%) CR, 4 (20%) R and 5 (25%) NR, respectively, with median response duration of 8 months (5 - 23 months). There were no significant changes of peripheral blood white blood cell count, hemoglobin, serum immunoglobulin, as well as CD3(+), CD4(+), CD8(+) lymphocyte counts during prior- and post-treatment. CD19(+)/CD20(+) cells were almost depleted in all patients \[(125.65 ± 14.12) × 10(6)/L vs (50.53 ± 29.11) × 10(6)/L, P < 0.01)\]. Expectedly, three cases of positive detection of platelet antibodies were negative after 4 weeks of lower dose of rituximab; one patient experienced infusion-related reaction., Conclusion: Treatment with lower dose rituximab may be an effective and safe approach in patient with chronic refractory ITP. However, the optimal therapeutic schedule, long-term efficacy and adverse events need further investigation.

Anoikis is a kind of programmed cell death induced by loss of extracellular matrix (ECM) adhesion, which is one of key factors for homestasis. Resistance to anoikis is required for tumor cell metastasis. We have previously shown several anoikis-resistance genes in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). In order to find novel anoikis-resistant genes in ESCC, we constructed retroviral cDNA library using total RNA from ESCC cell lines. NIH 3T3 cells, which are sensitive to anoikis, were infected with the library constructed. The cells were cultured in soft agar, and the clones which can survive in detached states were selected. The cDNAs inserted into the anoikis-resistant NIH3T3 clones were amplified using retroviral specific primers. Sequencing analysis showed that a cDNA fragment inserted into the anoikis-resistant clone contains full coding sequence (ORF) of human UBCH7/UBE2L3 gene. By infection with retrovirus encoding UBCH7 ORF (pMSCV-UBCH7), forced expression of UBCH7 increased the anoikis-resistance of NIH3T3 cells. More importantly, knockdown of UBCH7 expression by siRNA transfection reduced the anoikis-resistant ability of esophageal cancer MLuC1 cells. The data suggest that UBCH7/UBE2L3 gene would be involved in anoikis-resistance in ESCC.